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Tate NM, Yamkate P, Xenoulis PG, Steiner JM, Behling‐Kelly EL, Rendahl AK, Wu Y, Furrow E. Clustering analysis of lipoprotein profiles to identify subtypes of hypertriglyceridemia in Miniature Schnauzers. J Vet Intern Med 2024; 38:971-979. [PMID: 38348783 PMCID: PMC10937497 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.17010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is prevalent in Miniature Schnauzers, predisposing them to life-threatening diseases. Varied responses to management strategies suggest the possibility of multiple subtypes. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVE To identify and characterize HTG subtypes in Miniature Schnauzers through cluster analysis of lipoprotein profiles. We hypothesize that multiple phenotypes of primary HTG exist in this breed. ANIMALS Twenty Miniature Schnauzers with normal serum triglyceride concentration (NTG), 25 with primary HTG, and 5 with secondary HTG. METHODS Cross-sectional study using archived samples. Lipoprotein profiles, generated using continuous lipoprotein density profiling, were clustered with hierarchical cluster analysis. Clinical data (age, sex, body condition score, and dietary fat content) was compared between clusters. RESULTS Six clusters were identified. Dogs with primary HTG were dispersed among 4 clusters. One cluster showed the highest intensities for triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) fractions and also included 4 dogs with secondary HTG. Two clusters had moderately high TRL fraction intensities and low-to-intermediate LDL intensities. The fourth cluster had high LDL but variable TRL fraction intensities with equal numbers of NTG and mild HTG dogs. The final 2 clusters comprised only NTG dogs with low TRL intensities and low-to-intermediate LDL intensities. The clusters did not appear to be driven by differences in the clinical data. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE The results of this study support a spectrum of lipoprotein phenotypes within Miniature Schnauzers that cannot be predicted by triglyceride concentration alone. Lipoprotein profiling might be useful to determine if subtypes have different origins, clinical consequences, and response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M. Tate
- Department of Veterinary Clinical SciencesUniversity of Minnesota, College of Veterinary MedicineSt. PaulMinnesotaUSA
| | - Punyamanee Yamkate
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical SciencesTexas A & M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
| | - Panagiotis G. Xenoulis
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical SciencesTexas A & M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
- Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of ThessalyKarditsaGreece
| | - Jörg M. Steiner
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical SciencesTexas A & M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
| | - Erica L. Behling‐Kelly
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicineCornell UniversityIthacaNew YorkUSA
| | - Aaron K. Rendahl
- Department of Veterinary Clinical SciencesUniversity of Minnesota, College of Veterinary MedicineSt. PaulMinnesotaUSA
| | - Yu‐An Wu
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical SciencesTexas A & M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
| | - Eva Furrow
- Department of Veterinary Clinical SciencesUniversity of Minnesota, College of Veterinary MedicineSt. PaulMinnesotaUSA
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DiNinni A, Hess RS. Development of a requirement for exogenous insulin treatment in dogs with hyperglycemia. J Vet Intern Med 2024; 38:980-986. [PMID: 38205886 PMCID: PMC10937471 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been suggested that overt diabetes mellitus in dogs be defined based on a persistent fasting blood glucose concentration (BGC) >144 mg/dL. OBJECTIVE Determine the number of dogs with randomly identified hyperglycemia without insulin-treated diabetes mellitus (ITDM) that later develop a need for exogenous insulin treatment. ANIMALS A total of 1318 dogs examined at a university teaching hospital without ITDM and with randomly identified hyperglycemia. METHODS Retrospective longitudinal study. Hyperglycemia was defined as randomly identified BGC above >112 mg/dL, moderate hyperglycemia as BGC >144 mg/dL but <200 mg/dL and pronounced hyperglycemia as BGC ≥200 mg/dL. Dogs were defined as having ITDM if they were treated with insulin. Follow-up was attempted 7 to 12 years after hyperglycemia was documented to determine if over time dogs developed a need for exogenous insulin treatment. RESULTS Twenty-nine of 824 dogs (3.5%) with hyperglycemia and follow-up information developed ITDM, including 3/824 dogs (0.4%) with moderate hyperglycemia, and 2/824 dogs (0.2%) with pronounced hyperglycemia. Most dogs with hyperglycemia that developed ITDM (24/29, 83%) had BGC ≤144 mg/dL. Among dogs that eventually developed a need for exogenous insulin treatment, no association was found between the degree of hyperglycemia and the time interval between documentation of hyperglycemia and diagnosis of ITDM. Logistic regression determined that BGC is not significantly associated with ITDM. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Most dogs with randomly identified hyperglycemia did not develop a need for exogenous insulin treatment. Other criteria could be required to augment the definition of overt DM in non-insulin treated dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angielee DiNinni
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Rebecka S. Hess
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
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Bunn T, Langner K, Foster S, Hayward D, Howard G, Paltrinieri S, Giordano A, Rossi G. Lipoprotein profiles in Miniature Schnauzer dogs with idiopathic hypertriglyceridemia and hypercortisolism. J Vet Diagn Invest 2024; 36:205-212. [PMID: 38111301 DOI: 10.1177/10406387231217505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Miniature Schnauzer dogs (MSs) are predisposed to both idiopathic hypertriglyceridemia (iHTG) and hypercortisolism (HCort). To our knowledge, the lipoprotein profiles of MSs with iHTG have not been compared to those with HCort. We analyzed cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations and lipoprotein fractions in 4 groups of MSs: normotriglyceridemia (NTG) without concurrent disease (Healthy-NTG), HCort and NTG (HCort-NTG), HCort and HTG (HCort-HTG), and iHTG. Lipoprotein fractions were assessed by lipoprotein electrophoresis and compared between groups. Fifty-one plasma samples were analyzed. Twenty-five dogs had NTG (16 Healthy-NTG, 9 HCort-NTG) and 26 dogs had HTG (7 iHTG, 19 HCort-HTG). Dogs with iHTG or HCort-HTG had significantly higher cholesterol concentrations than Healthy-NTG dogs. Dogs with HCort-HTG had higher cholesterol than HCort-NTG dogs. There was a significantly higher low-density lipoprotein (LDL) percentage in iHTG and HCort-HTG dogs than HCort-NTG dogs. HCort-HTG dogs also had lower high-density lipoproteins (HDL) than HCort-NTG dogs. It was not possible to readily distinguish MSs with iHTG from MSs with HCort-HTG or Healthy-NTG using lipoprotein electrophoresis fractions. The diagnosis of iHTG remains a diagnosis by exclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy Bunn
- Western Australian Veterinary Emergency and Specialty, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kathrin Langner
- Western Australian Veterinary Emergency and Specialty, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Susan Foster
- Vetnostics, Macquarie Park, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Gretta Howard
- Turramurra Veterinary Hospital, Turramurra, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Saverio Paltrinieri
- Dipartimento di medicina veterinaria e scienze animali, Università degli studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Giordano
- Dipartimento di medicina veterinaria e scienze animali, Università degli studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriele Rossi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Lumu W, Mutebi RK, Nakireka S, Muyanja D, Eleku S, Kaddu D, Nunda E, Kabugo D, Kinene H, Nambago S, Ninsiima C, Kifuba I, Edemaga D, Atwiine E, Mutebi B, Nandawula M, Nakigudde N, Kataike Z, Nakachwa J, Nakaayi C, Lukyamuzi P, Ssebuufu R, Mutumba R. Association of triglyceride-glucose index with vascular risk factors and clinical outcomes among COVID-19 patients: a retrospective cross-sectional study in Mengo Hospital, Kampala, Uganda. Pan Afr Med J 2023; 46:113. [PMID: 38465013 PMCID: PMC10924613 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2023.46.113.41795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is a reliable surrogate marker of insulin resistance. We assessed the association between triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and vascular risk factors and clinical outcomes of critically ill adult COVID-19 patients. Methods data from the charts of all patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 who were hospitalized at Mengo Hospital Uganda from December 2020 to August 2021 was used for this study. Data on demographics, past medical history, clinical presentation, laboratory findings and clinical outcomes within the first 10 days of admission was extracted. TyG index was calculated as Inverse (triglyceride (mg/dl) x fasting glucose level (mg/dl)/2 and defined vascular risk factors using standard methods. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was conducted to establish a significant association. Statistical significance was set at p< 0.05. Results out of 314 patients, 176 (56%) were females. The mean age ± SD was 58.2 years ± 16.82. The median TyG index was 9.76 (9.29-10.33). A high TyG index was found among 85.4% (n= 268, 95% CI: 0.809-0.889) of patients. Elevated total cholesterol was in 55.4% (n=174), triglycerides 70.7% (n=222), LDL 64.7% (n=203), blood glucose 80.6% (n=253), systolic blood pressure 43% (n=135) and 24.8% (n=78) diastolic blood pressure. The majority 49.7% ( n=156) were discharged, 22.0% (n=69) needed admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), 15.3% (n=48) died in the unit and 13.0% (n=41) had a composite outcome. The TyG index was significantly associated with glycated hemoglobin (AOR=1.029, 95%CI 0.561-1.496, p<0.001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (AOR=0.121,95%CI 0.023-0.219, p=0.016), high-density cholesterol (AOR=1.956, 95%CI 1.299-2.945, p=0.001), total cholesterol (AOR=2.177, 95%CI 1.5222-3.144, p<0.001, hospital death (AOR=0.778, 95%CI 0.623-0.972, p=0.028) and composite outcome (AOR=1.823, 95% CI 1.221-2.559, p=0.023). There was no association between hypertension and TyG index. Conclusion a high TyG index was associated with vascular risk factors and clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Lumu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mengo Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Susan Nakireka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mengo Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
| | - David Muyanja
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mengo Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Simon Eleku
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mengo Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Denis Kaddu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mengo Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ezra Nunda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mengo Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Deus Kabugo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mengo Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Henry Kinene
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mengo Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Simon Nambago
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mengo Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Isa Kifuba
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mengo Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Edgar Atwiine
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mengo Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Brian Mutebi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mengo Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | | | - Zubeda Kataike
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mengo Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | | | - Paul Lukyamuzi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mengo Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Rose Mutumba
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mengo Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
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Guarino AL, Cagle LA, Ehrhardt CM, Beatty SSK, Stern JK, Gilor C, Specht AJ, Londoño LA. Successful multimodal treatment of extreme hypertriglyceridemia in a juvenile diabetic dog. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2023; 33:247-256. [PMID: 36573353 DOI: 10.1111/vec.13275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the therapeutic protocol used to normalize severe hypertriglyceridemia in a dog. CASE SUMMARY A 7-month-old, 1.2-kg female Pomeranian presented with acute polyuria, polydipsia, and ocular discoloration. Diagnoses included diabetic ketosis, severe hypertriglyceridemia (>225 mmol/L [>20,000 mg/dl]), lipemia retinalis, and bilateral uveitis. The triglyceride concentration was near normal within 2 days of initiating treatment with fenofibrate, regular insulin constant rate infusion (CRI), manual therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE), and a low-fat diet. All clinical signs resolved. The dog has had no relapse of hypertriglyceridemia at the time of writing the manuscript, 6 months later, with continued treatment of diabetes mellitus. NEW OR UNIQUE INFORMATION PROVIDED This is the first case report documenting the combination of fenofibrate, insulin CRI, and manual TPE for treatment of severe hyperlipidemia in a dog. Detailed protocols for manual TPE and a novel insulin CRI are provided. A discussion of multiple spurious biochemical and hematologic errors associated with the severe hypertriglyceridemia is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aria L Guarino
- Blue Pearl Veterinary Partners, Rockville, Maryland, USA
- Small Animal Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Laura A Cagle
- Diagnostic Laboratories, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Caryn M Ehrhardt
- Small Animal Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Sarah S K Beatty
- Diagnostic Laboratories, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Antech Diagnostics, Fountain Valley, California, USA
| | - Jere K Stern
- Diagnostic Laboratories, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Auburn University Clinical Pathology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Chen Gilor
- Small Animal Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Andrew J Specht
- Small Animal Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Leo A Londoño
- Small Animal Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Capital Veterinary Specialists, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
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Khaki Z, Nooshirvani P, Shirani D, Masoudifard M. Diagnostic value of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and their correlation with lipoproteins in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:448. [PMID: 36564735 PMCID: PMC9784259 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03548-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is the most common diagnosed cardiovascular disease in dogs. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) tests are used to diagnose congestive heart failure, but there are conflicting reports about their value in diagnosing the subclinical stages of MMVD in dogs. Moreover, the diagnostic value of blood lipoproteins in dogs with MMVD is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to assess the serum concentrations of ANP, BNP and lipoproteins of dogs with MMVD and to evaluate the correlation of the levels of ANP and BNP with lipoproteins. RESULTS This study was performed on 24 dogs with MMVD and 10 healthy dogs. Dogs with MMVD were classified in to stages B1 (n = 11), B2 (n = 6), C (n = 4) and D (n = 3) groups according to the classification suggested by American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine guidelines. Our results showed that the mean serum BNP levels were significantly increased for all MMVD groups compared to control dogs. The mean serum ANP levels for the stage B2, C and D groups were significantly higher than the control group, while the mean serum ANP concentrations did not differ significantly between the stage B1 and control groups. An increase in BNP level was observed in 87.5% of patients. Although BNP concentrations were elevated in 100% of dogs with stages C, D and B2, high BNP was observed in 72.72% of dogs with stage B1. Regarding ANP, 58.33% of patients had an increase in ANP. However, elevated ANP levels were found in only 27.27% of patients in stage B1, while increased ANP levels were observed in 66.66 and 100% of patients in stage B2 and C/D groups respectively. Also, in all patients with MMVD, the mean serum concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were approximately 1.7 to 2 times significantly lower than the control group. Additionally, the mean serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) increased significantly (1.9-2.7 times) compared to the control group. There was a significant inverse correlation between HDL-C and BNP, and HDL-C and ANP. LDL-C showed a significant positive correlation with BNP, and ANP. Also, LDL-C, but not HDL-C, had a significant positive correlation with LA/AO ratio, LVIDd, LVIDdN and VHS. BNP and ANP showed a significant positive correlation with LA/AO, LVIDd, LVIDdN and VHS. CONCLUSIONS Serum BNP has a greater diagnostic value than serum ANP in dogs with MMVD. In addition, serum BNP can be used to determine the subclinical stages of B1 and B2 MMVD. This study also suggests that dogs with subclinical MMVD, showed an increase in BNP along with a decrease in HDL-C and an increase in LDL-C, which are known to be risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in human. However, it seems that high LDL-C is more involved in the pathogenesis of MMVD than low HDL-C. Therefore, periodic testing of serum lipoproteins is recommended in high-risk patients, even if total cholesterol levels are normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Khaki
- grid.46072.370000 0004 0612 7950Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Qareeb St., Azadi Ave, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parviz Nooshirvani
- grid.46072.370000 0004 0612 7950Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Qareeb St., Azadi Ave, Tehran, Iran
| | - Darioush Shirani
- grid.46072.370000 0004 0612 7950Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Masoudifard
- grid.46072.370000 0004 0612 7950Department of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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The Serum and Saliva Proteome of Dogs with Diabetes Mellitus. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10122261. [PMID: 33271797 PMCID: PMC7760505 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the changes in salivary and serum proteomes that occur in canine diabetes mellitus type-1 (DM) through a high-throughput quantitative proteomic analysis. The proteomes of 10 paired serum and saliva samples from healthy controls (HC group, n = 5) and dogs with untreated DM (DM group, n = 5) were analyzed using Tandem Mass Tags (TMT)-based proteomic approach. Additionally, 24 serum samples from healthy controls and untreated DM were used to validate haptoglobin in serum. The TMT analysis quantified 767 and 389 proteins in saliva and serum, respectively. Of those, 16 unique proteins in serum and 26 in saliva were differently represented between DM and HC groups. The verification of haptoglobin in serum was in concordance with the proteomic data. Our results pointed out changes in both saliva and serum proteomes that reflect different physiopathological changes in dogs with DM. Although some of the proteins identified here, such as malate dehydrogenase or glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, were previously related with DM in dogs, most of the proteins modulated in serum and saliva are described in canine DM for the first time and could be a source of potential biomarkers of the disease. Additionally, the molecular function, biological process, pathways and protein class of the differential proteins were revealed, which could improve the understanding of the disease's pathological mechanisms.
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Kalenyak K, Heilmann RM, van de Lest CHA, Brouwers JF, Burgener IA. Comparison of the systemic phospholipid profile in dogs diagnosed with idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease or food-responsive diarrhea before and after treatment. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215435. [PMID: 30990833 PMCID: PMC6467395 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and food-responsive diarrhea (FRD) are common chronic enteropathies in dogs, of which the exact pathogenesis has not been fully understood. In people dyslipidemia has been reported in patients with IBD, and potential therapeutic benefits of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the treatment of IBD have been investigated. Studies on the phospholipid profile in dogs with IBD and FRD are still lacking. AIM To investigate the systemic phospholipid profile of dogs with IBD or FRD and to evaluate possible differences in phospholipids before and after treatment. METHODS The phospholipids in whole blood and EDTA plasma of 32 dogs diagnosed with either IBD (n = 16) or FRD (n = 16) were analyzed by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) prior to and after initiation of treatment, which included an elimination diet enriched with PUFAs. RESULTS A clear separation of the phospholipids between whole blood and plasma was demonstrated on principal component analysis plots. In addition to the type of specimen, treatment and disease severity were the most significant factors determining the variance of the phospholipid profile. An increase in lysolipids was observed after treatment. The phosphatidylcholine (PC) species changed from PC 38:4 before treatment to mainly lysophosphatidylcholine 18:0 after treatment. Furthermore, several differences in the abundance of individual phospholipids were identified between dogs with IBD and dogs with FRD and between treatment statuses using random forest analysis. CONCLUSION Significant variances were identified in the phospholipid profiles of dogs with IBD and FRD. These were particularly determined by type of specimen used, disease severity and treatment status. After treatment, a shift of phospholipid species towards lysophosphatidylcholine 18:0 was observed. Future studies should further investigate the role of lipids in the pathophysiology of IBD and FRD as well as their potential therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Kalenyak
- Department for Small Animals, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Romy M. Heilmann
- Department for Small Animals, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany
| | - Chris H. A. van de Lest
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Lipidomics Facility, Utrecht University, CM Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jos F. Brouwers
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Lipidomics Facility, Utrecht University, CM Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Iwan A. Burgener
- Division of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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