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Ernst K, Sukut SL, Mayer MN. Radiographic imaging of thoracic lymph nodes in the dog. THE CANADIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL = LA REVUE VETERINAIRE CANADIENNE 2024; 65:714-718. [PMID: 38952753 PMCID: PMC11195510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Kiara Ernst
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4
| | - Sally L Sukut
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4
| | - Monique N Mayer
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4
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Martínez-Caro J, Agulla B, Viñeta C, Roura X, Mesalles M, Pastor J. Presumed pseudo-Pelger-Huët anomaly and basophilia secondary to chronic lymphocytic leukemia in a dog. Vet Clin Pathol 2024; 53:202-208. [PMID: 38622430 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
A 10-year-old neutered male Maltese dog was presented for an investigation of lymphocytosis. The dog was up-to-date on vaccinations and deworming. Physical examination did not reveal any significant abnormalities. A complete blood cell count (CBC) showed mild leukocytosis with moderate lymphocytosis, basophilia, and moderate neutropenia, but no significant left shift or toxic change. Serum biochemistry and urinalysis were unremarkable. All performed tests for infectious agents common in this geographical region were negative. No significant abnormalities were found on abdominal ultrasound examination. Multiparametric flow cytometry of peripheral blood showed a CD8+ T-cell lymphocytosis, and PCR for antigen receptor rearrangement revealed a clonal expansion of the T-cell receptor gamma chain genes. A clinical diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) was made, and follow-up was recommended. On Day 48 post-presentation, the CBC showed mild non-regenerative anemia (NRA), moderate leucocytosis due to moderate to marked lymphocytosis, basophilia, and a marked increase in hyposegmented neutrophils with mild toxic change in the absence of neutrophilia or neutropenia. Treatment with chlorambucil and prednisolone was initiated. On Days 87 and 197 post-presentation, the CBC showed mild NRA, with progressively decreasing numbers of hyposegmented neutrophils. The dog remained without clinical signs. Basophilia and probable pseudo-Pelger-Huët anomaly were possibly secondary to CLL. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of these two hematologic conditions secondary to CLL in dogs. Recognition of a pseudo-Pelger-Huët anomaly is clinically relevant to avoid misinterpretation as a marked left shift due to severe inflammation and prevent unnecessary urgent therapeutic actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Martínez-Caro
- Servei d'Hematologia Clínica Veterinària, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Beatriz Agulla
- Servei d'Hematologia Clínica Veterinària, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Clàudia Viñeta
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Xavier Roura
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Montse Mesalles
- Servei d'Hematologia Clínica Veterinària, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Josep Pastor
- Servei d'Hematologia Clínica Veterinària, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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Philp HS, Johnson LR, Choi EA, Brosnan RJ, Slater RT. Feline herpesvirus-1-related multiple respiratory eosinophilic nodules in an adult cat receiving long-term oral prednisolone. JFMS Open Rep 2024; 10:20551169231220291. [PMID: 38299191 PMCID: PMC10829494 DOI: 10.1177/20551169231220291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Case summary A 10-year-old male castrated domestic shorthair cat was presented for evaluation of a 3-day history of increased inspiratory effort. The cat had received prednisolone 1 mg/kg PO q24h for 1 year due to chronic diarrhea. On physical examination, the patient exhibited severe stridor, intermittent open-mouth breathing and bilateral mucopurulent nasal discharge. Subcutaneous emphysema was palpated over the dorsal cervical region. Mild hypoventilation (PvCO2 55.1 mmHg; approximate reference interval 35-45 mmHg) was identified. Cervicothoracic radiographs showed marked gas tracking within cervical soft tissues with concurrent laryngeal thickening, pulmonary nodules, a bronchial pulmonary pattern, pneumomediastinum and aerophagia. The cat was hospitalized and treated overnight with oxygen and intravenous fluid therapy before anesthesia the next day. On laryngoscopy, a large tracheal mass was observed arising from the right subglottic region and was removed using biopsy forceps. CT revealed an additional mass at the level of the tracheal bifurcation causing marked luminal narrowing of the trachea and proximal main bronchi. The cat made a good initial recovery, although moderate stridor persisted. Five days later, the cat was re-examined due to recurrence of respiratory distress and orthopnea, and the owner elected euthanasia. Histopathology revealed severe nodular obstructive eosinophilic plasmacytic laryngotracheitis with intranuclear inclusion bodies positive for feline herpesvirus-1 on immunohistochemistry. Relevance and novel information This report describes the presentation and management of a cat with respiratory distress secondary to intratracheal eosinophilic masses caused by feline herpesvirus-1. Although the outcome was ultimately unsatisfactory, to the authors' knowledge, this clinical presentation has not been previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen S Philp
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Lynelle R Johnson
- Department of Medicine & Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Eunju April Choi
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Robert J Brosnan
- Department of Surgical & Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Robert T Slater
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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Held E, Mochizuki H. Hematologic Abnormalities and Diseases Associated with Moderate-to-Marked Basophilia in a Large Cohort of Dogs. Vet Sci 2023; 10:700. [PMID: 38133251 PMCID: PMC10748300 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10120700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Basophilia is a rare hematologic finding in dogs. This research aimed to describe the hematologic and clinical characteristics of dogs with moderate-to-marked basophilia. CBC reports with blood smear examinations from dogs presented to the North Carolina State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital were retrospectively reviewed for basophilia (>193 cells/µL). We classified basophilia as moderate when counts were ≥500 cells/µL and marked when they reached ≥1000 cells/µL. We compared the hematologic and clinical profiles of dogs with moderate-to-marked basophilia (the basophilia group) to those without basophilia, serving as our control group. In addition, we investigated differences between dogs with marked basophilia versus those with moderate basophilia, as well as between dogs in the basophilia group with and without concurrent eosinophilia. Diseases associated with moderate-to-marked basophilia included eosinophilic lung disease (p < 0.0001), leukemia/myeloproliferative neoplasms (p = 0.004), parasitic infection (p = 0.004), mast cell tumor (p = 0.005), and inflammatory bowel disease (p = 0.02). Overall, dogs with marked basophilia had a lower frequency of inflammatory diseases (51% vs. 70%, p = 0.009) and a higher frequency of neoplastic diseases (48% vs. 26%, p = 0.003) compared to those with moderate basophilia. In the basophilia group, concurrent eosinophilia was only seen in 36% of dogs. Dogs with concurrent eosinophilia were more often diagnosed with inflammatory diseases (77% vs. 58%, p = 0.006), with fewer diagnoses of neoplasia (19% vs. 40%, p = 0.001), compared to dogs without concurrent eosinophilia. The findings of this study offer veterinary clinicians valuable guidance in determining diagnostic priorities for dogs with moderate-to-marked basophilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Held
- Department of Public Health and Pathobiology, NC State College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA;
| | - Hiroyuki Mochizuki
- Department of Public Health and Pathobiology, NC State College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA;
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
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Siler AD, Jaffey JA, Jacobs C, Shumway K. Diagnostic Contribution of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Sampling and Fungal Culture in a Dog With Pulmonary Coccidioidomycosis. Top Companion Anim Med 2023; 52:100754. [PMID: 36538969 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A 7-year-old, male neutered, Miniature Australian Shepherd from Arizona was presented for evaluation of a 3-month history of progressive cough. Thoracic radiographs revealed a focal alveolar pulmonary pattern and suspected tracheobronchial lymph node enlargement. Serum anti-Coccidioides spp. IgM/IgG antibodies were not detected by agar gel immunodiffusion performed by 2 different reference commercial veterinary laboratories approximately 3.5 and 3.75 months after respiratory tract signs were first noted. The dog failed to respond to empiric therapy with a cough suppressant and various antibiotics. Tracheobronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were subsequently performed and cytological examination of the BAL fluid identified marked neutrophilic inflammation characterized by mildly degenerate neutrophils and no infectious organisms. Bacterial cultures were negative but fungal cultures revealed growth of Coccidioides spp. Clinical signs improved shortly after initiation of fluconazole administration and the dog achieved long-term sustained clinical remission. Here, we provide a description of a dog with pulmonary coccidioidomycosis diagnosed with fungal culture of BAL fluid. Airway sampling with cytological examination and fungal culture should be considered in dogs with persistent respiratory related clinical signs, negative antibody serology, and that have lived in or traveled to endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis D Siler
- Department of Primary Care, Midwestern University College of Veterinary Medicine, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Jared A Jaffey
- Department of Specialty Medicine, Midwestern University College of Veterinary Medicine, Glendale, AZ, USA.
| | - Casandra Jacobs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Desert Veterinary Medical Specialists, Peoria, AZ, USA
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Klenk FK, Schulz B. [Inhalation therapy in dogs and cats with chronic lower airway disease - a literature review]. TIERARZTLICHE PRAXIS. AUSGABE K, KLEINTIERE/HEIMTIERE 2022; 50:279-292. [PMID: 36067770 DOI: 10.1055/a-1910-3327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Chronic respiratory diseases are prevalent medical conditions in dogs and cats requiring lifelong treatment. Mainstay of therapy for chronic inflammatory respiratory diseases are glucocorticoids. Concurrent treatment with bronchodilators may be necessary to control clinical signs sufficiently. Due to the successful use in people as well as subsequent reduction of adverse effects of long-term glucocorticoid therapy, inhalative therapy has become increasingly important in veterinary medicine as well. Primarily spacers or valved holding chambers, in combination with metered dose inhalers, are used in dogs and cats. The technical properties of these devices, as well as their use and maintenance will be described in the following article. Furthermore, the existing literature regarding efficacy of inhalative medications for therapy of chronic inflammatory airway diseases in dogs and cats will be summarized.
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Guija‐de‐Arespacochaga A, Kremer L, Künzel F, Schwendenwein I. Peripheral blood eosinophilia in dogs: Prevalence and associated diseases. Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:1458-1465. [PMID: 35654102 PMCID: PMC9297770 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine eosinophilia has not been evaluated over the last two decades. As in human local differences, changes in the prevalence and associated diseases over time can be expected. OBJECTIVE This study aims to determine the prevalence and causes of marked blood eosinophilia in dogs. METHODS Retrospective study. A total of 317 clinical histories of dogs with an eosinophil concentration > 1.5 × 109 /L (marked eosinophilia) between 2013 and 2017 were evaluated. Patients were allocated to 10 groups according to their major clinical findings. RESULTS Eosinophilia was present in 1,592 of 10,829 dogs (14.7%); it was mild (0.8-1.49 × 109 /L) in 78.4%, moderate (1.5 - 4.9 × 109 /L) in 20.5% and severe (> 5 × 109 /L) in 1.1% of cases. Rottweilers were overrepresented (16.1%). Of 317 cases with marked eosinophilia, 19.6% had neoplasia, 19.1% gastrointestinal disorders, 13.6% health check, 10.4% endoparasites, 6% respiratory, 5.4% neurologic, 5.4% dermatologic, 4.8% urogenital, 3.2% endocrine disorders and 12.6% miscellaneous. Lymphomas (29%) and mast cell tumours (12.9%) were the most frequent tumours in the neoplasia group. A total of 72.6% of tumour-bearing dogs were older than 8 years, while 63.6% of dogs had endoparasites, and 86% of apparently healthy dogs were younger than 5 years. Eosinophilia was significantly higher in patients with respiratory disorders (p < 0.0146). Leukocytosis was found in 50.2% of cases. CONCLUSION Malignancy was the most common cause of marked blood eosinophilia in older dogs and endoparasitism in younger dogs. Eosinophilia was common in apparently healthy young dogs and may be related to undiagnosed parasitic infestations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Loïc Kremer
- KorneuburgAniCura TierklinikKorneuburgAustria
| | - Frank Künzel
- Department for Companion Animals and HorsesSmall Animal ClinicInternal MedicineUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Ilse Schwendenwein
- Department of PathobiologyClinical Pathology Platform, University of Veterinary Medicine ViennaViennaAustria
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Agudelo CF, Stehlik L, Filipejova Z, Koskova B, Sterbova M, Crha M. Pulmonary eosinophilic granulomatosis in a dog. VET MED-CZECH 2022; 67:150-155. [PMID: 39170594 PMCID: PMC11334768 DOI: 10.17221/136/2020-vetmed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
A two-year-old female Prague Ratter dog was presented for evaluation of cough, exercise intolerance and worsening dyspnea. A previous treatment with antibiotics did not resolve the clinical signs. A diagnostic approach revealed peripheral eosinophilia, endoscopic bronchial changes, and bronchoalveolar lavage with eosinophilic inflammation. Thoracic radiographs revealed a solitary mass and bilateral interstitial lung pattern. These radiographic findings were confirmed by computed tomography and ultrasound-guided biopsy of the lung mass. Treatment with prednisolone and azathioprine was initiated. Two months afterwards, the granuloma was no longer detectable radiographically. All medication was gradually discontinued after nine months and currently, after almost three years, the dog remains free of clinical signs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ladislav Stehlik
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zita Filipejova
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Benicie Koskova
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Sterbova
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Crha
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
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Bottero E, Ruggiero P, Benvenuti E, Mussi E, Falcioni D, De Lorenzi D, Di Girolamo N. Presence of bronchial nodules, younger age, and heavier body weight are associated with a diagnosis of eosinophilic lung disease in dogs with cough. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2022; 260:414-421. [PMID: 34986119 DOI: 10.2460/javma.20.10.0559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the association between a diagnosis of eosinophilic lung disease (ELD) in dogs with signalment and bronchoscopic features and evaluate the accuracy of visualization of nodules for the diagnosis of ELD. ANIMALS 781 dogs with cough that underwent bronchoscopy between 2014 and 2016. PROCEDURES Data were extracted from the medical records of each included dog. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to investigate associations between ELD and patient characteristics. RESULTS ELD was diagnosed in 113 (14.5%) dogs. More than 3 nodular lesions of the bronchial mucosa were detected in 64 (8.2%) dogs. The odds of having ELD were greater in dogs with nodules (adjusted OR [aOR], 26.0; 95% CI, 13.0 to 52.0) and static bronchial collapse (aOR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.1 to 4.6), and lower in dogs having focal versus diffuse inflammation (aOR, 0.05; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.37). The odds of having ELD decreased for each 1-year increase in age (aOR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.80 to 0.92), and increased for each 1-kg increase in weight (aOR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.06). Visualization of nodules during bronchoscopy had a overall accuracy of 89.4% (95% CI, 87.0% to 91.4%), sensitivity of 41.6% (32.4% to 51.2%), and specificity of 97.5% (96.0% to 98.5%) for a diagnosis of ELD. CLINICAL RELEVANCE On the basis of high specificity and negative predictive value, lack of visualization of bronchial nodules during bronchoscopy can be used to preliminarily rule out ELD. However, visualization of bronchial nodules does not imply presence of ELD. This could be especially relevant when results of BAL cytology are available several days after the actual bronchoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nicola Di Girolamo
- 3College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK
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Almendros A, Lai SY, Giuliano A. Eosinophilic pulmonary granulomatosis resembling a pulmonary carcinoma in a dog in Hong Kong. Open Vet J 2022; 12:612-617. [PMID: 36589391 PMCID: PMC9789769 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2022.v12.i5.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Canine Eosinophilic Pulmonary Granulomatosis (EPG) is a severe form of eosinophilic pulmonary disease that carries a guarded prognosis, responds poorly to therapy and recurs frequently. Most studies have reported a caudal lobar pulmonary distribution and a poorer prognosis in idiopathic cases. Case Description A 7-year-old dog was presented for persistent cough, hyporexia, and weight loss. Eosinophilia and basophilia were transiently present, and an antigen test for heartworm disease was negative. Radiographic studies, followed by a computed tomography (CT) scan revealed nodular lesions and a large mass in the left cranial lobar region suggestive of neoplasia. Cytological and histopathological evaluation was consistent with EPG. The dog responded positively to corticosteroids and has since remained free of disease. Conclusion EPG in dogs can resemble primary pulmonary neoplasia with secondary intra-pulmonary metastasis. Contrary to previous reports, idiopathic EPG can present with a cranial pulmonary distribution and respond positively to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Almendros
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong,Veterinary Medical Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong,Corresponding Author: Angel Almendros. Veterinary Clinical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Sin Yi Lai
- Veterinary Medical Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Antonio Giuliano
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong,Veterinary Medical Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Domínguez-Ruiz M, Reinero CR, Vientos-Plotts A, Grobman ME, Silverstein D, Gomes E, Le Boedec K. Association between respiratory clinical signs and respiratory localization in dogs and cats with abnormal breathing patterns. Vet J 2021; 277:105761. [PMID: 34655790 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2021.105761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The diagnostic values of respiratory signs have been under-investigated in pets. The study aim was to explore commonly assumed associations between respiratory signs and disease localization in pets with abnormal breathing patterns (ABP). Dogs and cats with ABP presenting to three hospitals were included if investigations permitted disease localization. Hypothesized associations between respiratory signs and disease location were evaluated via mixed-effects logistic regression. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive diagnostic likelihood ratio were calculated. One-hundred and fifteen dogs and 49 cats with ABP were recruited. Confirmed associations included: inspiratory effort with extra-thoracic airway disease (odds ratio [OR], 9.1; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 3.0-27.2); expiratory effort with intra-thoracic airway disease (OR, 6.5; 95% CI, 2.3-18.1); paradoxical breathing and attenuation of heart/lung sounds with pleural space disease (paradoxical breathing: OR, 4.5; 95% CI 1.7-12.1; sound attenuation: OR, 11.5; 95% CI 4.0-33.3); decreased nasal airflow and stertor with nasal/pharyngeal disease (nasal airflow: OR, 26.2; 95% CI 8.1-84.8; stertor: OR, 155.2; 95% CI 24.9-968.8); stridor with laryngeal or tracheal disease (laryngeal disease: OR, 39.9; 95% CI 7.6-209.0; tracheal disease: OR, 32.4; 95% CI 4.2-248.0); tracheal sensitivity with bronchial disease (OR, 3.8; 95% CI 1.5-9.6); crackles with pulmonary or bronchial disease (pulmonary disease: OR, 5.4; 95% CI 2.1-13.8; bronchial disease: OR, 3.9; 95% CI 1.6-9.8); and goose honking with tracheal disease (all dogs with goose honking had tracheal involvement). Select respiratory signs provide guidance to localize and prioritize causes of the underlying respiratory disease in pets, allowing targeted interventions in animals with ABP.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Domínguez-Ruiz
- Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire Frégis, 43, Av. Aristide Briand, 94110, Arcueil, France
| | - C R Reinero
- University of Missouri, Veterinary Health Center, 900 E. Campus Dr. Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - A Vientos-Plotts
- University of Missouri, Veterinary Health Center, 900 E. Campus Dr. Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - M E Grobman
- University of Missouri, Veterinary Health Center, 900 E. Campus Dr. Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - D Silverstein
- University of Pennsylvania, Ryan Veterinary Hospital, 3900 Spruce St. Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - E Gomes
- Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire Frégis, 43, Av. Aristide Briand, 94110, Arcueil, France
| | - K Le Boedec
- Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire Frégis, 43, Av. Aristide Briand, 94110, Arcueil, France.
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Lo EJY, Schwarz T, Corcoran BM. Topographical distribution and radiographic pattern of lung lesions in canine eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy. J Small Anim Pract 2021; 62:655-661. [PMID: 33739451 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the radiographic lung pattern and topographical distribution in canine eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for dogs diagnosed with eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy. Lateral thoracic radiographs were examined for the presence of increased radiopacity, classification of pattern, topography of lung changes (cranioventral, perihilar, caudodorsal, caudoventral) and severity of pulmonary lesions. RESULTS Forty-four cases were identified with the Labrador retriever being the most commonly affected breed; there was a mean age of 5 years and an equal gender distribution. Coughing was the most common clinical sign. Circulating eosinophilia was present in 39% of dogs, with a mean peripheral eosinophilia of 5.1×109 cells/L and a mean bronchoalveolar lavage fluid eosinophilia of 40%. Eighty percent of dogs had an abnormal lung pattern in at least one of the four lung fields; the remaining had normal thoracic radiographs. The most common patterns were a bronchial and a bronchointerstitial pattern, with 41 and 89% distribution to the caudodorsal lung field, respectively. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE A bronchial and bronchointerstitial pattern are the most common radiographic lung patterns seen in canine eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy with these patterns most frequently topographically distributed to at least the caudodorsal lung field. Furthermore, within the caudodorsal lung field, a bronchointerstitial pattern predominates. This radiographic and topographical finding may allow eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy to take precedence on a differential diagnoses list before confirmatory bronchoalveolar lavage fluid sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Y Lo
- Hospital for Small Animals, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Mid-Lothian, Scotland, EH25 9RG, UK.,Drove Veterinary Hospital, 252 Croft Road, Swindon, SN1 4RW, UK
| | - T Schwarz
- Hospital for Small Animals, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Mid-Lothian, Scotland, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - B M Corcoran
- Hospital for Small Animals, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Mid-Lothian, Scotland, EH25 9RG, UK
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Casamian-Sorrosal D, Silvestrini P, Blake R, Kortum A, Watson PJ, Martínez Y, Lopez Alvarez J, Keegan S. Clinical features and long-term follow-up of 70 cases of canine idiopathic eosinophilic lung disease. Vet Rec 2020; 187:e65. [PMID: 32661182 DOI: 10.1136/vr.105193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine idiopathic eosinophilic lung disease (ELD) is sparsely documented in the literature. METHODS Clinical presentation and outcome of dogs diagnosed with ELD (eosinophilic bronchitis or eosinophilic bronchopneumonia) were reviewed. Subgroups were made based on chronicity of clinical signs and findings of thoracic imaging: NCI (no changes in thoracic imaging), BRON (bronchial/peribronchial pattern), INT (bronchointerstitial/interstitial/alveolar). RESULTS Seventy cases were included. There were more young to adult, crossbreed and female dogs. Compared with the other two groups NCI dogs showed lower bronchoalveolar lavage fluid eosinophilic pleocytosis and absence of circulating eosinophilia, bronchiectasis or death due to respiratory disease. All dogs responded clinically to corticosteroids. Median treatment duration was four months. Remission (no clinical signs after treatment discontinuation for >one month) and long-term remission (>six months) was achieved in 60 per cent, and 51 per cent of patients, respectively. Relapse occurred in 26 per cent of cases after remission but was rare (3 per cent) after long-term remission. The one-year, two-year and four-year survival to death due to respiratory disease was 98 per cent, 97 per cent and 91 per cent, respectively. CONCLUSION Prognosis and initial clinical response for ELD was generally good although achievement of long-term remission was only seen in 51 per cent of dogs. Different outcomes based on chronicity of signs, corticosteroid dose, thoracic imaging abnormalities and other clinical variables were not appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domingo Casamian-Sorrosal
- Hospital Veterinario UCV y Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria y Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Catolica de Valencia San Vicente Martir, Valencia, Spain
| | - Paolo Silvestrini
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
| | | | - Andre Kortum
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Cambridge Veterinary School, Cambridge, UK
| | - Penny J Watson
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Jordi Lopez Alvarez
- Hospital Clinic Veterinari, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Memvet Centre de Referència Veterinària, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Sarah Keegan
- Department of Small Animal Medicine, School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Langford, UK
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Johnson LR, Johnson EG, Hulsebosch SE, Dear JD, Vernau W. Eosinophilic bronchitis, eosinophilic granuloma, and eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy in 75 dogs (2006-2016). J Vet Intern Med 2019; 33:2217-2226. [PMID: 31468629 PMCID: PMC6766508 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Eosinophilic lung disease is a poorly understood inflammatory airway disease that results in substantial morbidity. Objective To describe clinical findings in dogs with eosinophilic lung disease defined on the basis of radiographic, bronchoscopic, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) analysis. Categories included eosinophilic bronchitis (EB), eosinophilic granuloma (EG), and eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy (EBP). Animals Seventy‐five client owned dogs. Methods Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for dogs with idiopathic BAL fluid eosinophilia. Information abstracted included duration and nature of clinical signs, bronchoscopic findings, and laboratory data. Thoracic radiographs were evaluated for the pattern of infiltrate, bronchiectasis, and lymphadenomegaly. Results Thoracic radiographs were normal or demonstrated a bronchial pattern in 31 dogs assigned a diagnosis of EB. Nine dogs had intraluminal mass lesions and were bronchoscopically diagnosed with EG. The remaining 35 dogs were categorized as having EBP based on radiographic changes, yellow green mucus in the airways, mucosal changes, and airway collapse. Age and duration of cough did not differ among groups. Dogs with EB were less likely to have bronchiectasis or peripheral eosinophilia, had lower total nucleated cell count in BAL fluid, and lower percentage of eosinophils in BAL fluid compared to dogs in the other 2 groups. In contrast to previous reports, prolonged survival (>55 months) was documented in dogs with EG. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Dogs with eosinophilic lung disease can be categorized based on imaging, bronchoscopic and BAL fluid cytologic findings. Further studies are needed to establish response to treatment in these groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynelle R Johnson
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, The University of California School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California
| | - Eric G Johnson
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, The University of California School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California
| | - Sean E Hulsebosch
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, The University of California School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California
| | - Jonathan D Dear
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, The University of California School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California
| | - William Vernau
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, The University of California School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California
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