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Miceli DD, Jaliquias A, Gallelli MF, García JD, Vecino C, Rey Amunategui JP, Pompili GA, Espiñeira IM, Más J, Pignataro OP. Increased insulin-like growth factor 1 concentrations in a population of non-diabetic cats with overweight/obesity. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2024; 89:106858. [PMID: 38830275 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2024.106858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Feline hypersomatotropism (HST) is typically associated with diabetes mellitus (DM), whereas HST without concurrent DM has only been reported in a few cases. Weight gain may be observed in cats with HST. The aims of this study were to evaluate circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in non-diabetic cats with overweight/obesity, to screen this population for the presence of HST, and to assess whether there is a correlation between body weight/body condition score (BCS) and serum IGF-1 concentration in overweight/obese cats. In this prospective study, 80 overweight/obese cats from referral centers in Buenos Aires (Argentina) were evaluated. Serum IGF-1 was measured as part of the routine tests for overweight/obesity. Non-diabetic cats were included in the study if they had a BCS>6/9. Twenty-nine cats were classified as overweight (BCS 7/9), whereas 51 were classified as obese (BCS 8-9/9). Median serum IGF-1 concentrations of cats with BCS 7/9, 8/9, and 9/9 were 570 ng/ml (range 123-1456 ng/ml), 634 ng/ml (range 151-1500 ng/ml), and 598 ng/ml (range 284-2450 ng/ml), respectively. There was a positive linear correlation between serum IGF-1 concentrations and body weight (r= 0.24, 95% CI 0.01-0.44 P=0.03), and between IGF-1 and BCS (r= 0.27, 95% CI 0.08-0.44 P=0.004). In total, 8.75% (95% confidence interval 3.6-17.2%) of the cats with overweight/obesity had IGF-1 concentrations >1000 ng/ml. Pituitary enlargement was detected on computed tomography in 4/7 cases. These seven cats showed varying degrees of phenotypic changes consistent with acromegaly. A proportion of 8.75 % of overweight/obese non-diabetic cats from referral centers in Buenos Aires had serum IGF-1 concentration in a range consistent with HST in diabetic cats. Likewise, 5% of overweight/obese cats were likely to be diagnosed with HST, supported by evidence of pituitary enlargement. Serum IGF-1 concentrations were positively correlated with body weight and BCS in this population of cats. This study highlights the relevance of screening different populations of non-diabetic cats to increase the detection of HST/acromegaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D Miceli
- Veterinary Science Center, Maimonides University, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Signal Transduction, Institute of Experimental Biology and Medicine - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | | | | | - J D García
- Private practice, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C Vecino
- Private practice, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J P Rey Amunategui
- Veterinary Science Center, Maimonides University, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Private practice, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - J Más
- Diagnotest Laboratory, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - O P Pignataro
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Signal Transduction, Institute of Experimental Biology and Medicine - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Güssow A, Thalmeier S, Gostelow R, Langenstein J, Foerster G, Bauer N, Hazuchova K. Method Validation and Establishment of Reference Intervals for an Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Chemiluminescent Immunoassay in Cats. Vet Sci 2023; 10:575. [PMID: 37756097 PMCID: PMC10534906 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10090575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, radioimmunoassay (RIA) has been the only assay to measure insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) to diagnose hypersomatotropism (HS). Due to radiation concerns, availability, and the cost of IGF-1 RIA, validation of assays for automated analysers such as a chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) is needed. The aim of this study was to validate a CLIA for measurement of feline IGF-1 (IMMULITE 2000® XPi, Siemens Medical Solutions Diagnostics, Malvern, PA, USA) compared to IGF1 RIA, establish reference interval (RI), and determine a cut-off value for diagnosis of HS in diabetic cats. Validation of assay performance included precision, linearity, and recovery studies. Right-sided RI was determined using surplus serum of 50 healthy adult cats. Surplus serum samples of diabetic cats with known IGF-1 concentration with (n = 32/68) and without HS (n = 36/68) were used for method comparison with RIA. The cut-off for diagnosis of HS was established using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The intra-assay coefficient of variation (CV) was ≤4.7%, and the inter-assay CV was ≤5.6% for samples with low, medium, and high IGF-1 concentration. Linearity was excellent (R2 > 0.99). The correlation between CLIA and RIA was very high (rs = 0.97), with a mean negative bias for CLIA of 24.5%. The upper limit of RI was 670 ng/mL. ROC analysis showed an area under the curve of 0.94, with best cut-off for diagnosis of HS at 746 ng/mL (sensitivity, 84.4%; specificity, 97.2%). The performance of CLIA was good, and the RI and cut-off for HS diagnosis established in this study allow for CLIA to be used in routine work-up of diabetic cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Güssow
- Clinic for Small Animals (Internal Medicine, Clinical Pathology and Clinical Pathophysiology), Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Sabine Thalmeier
- Clinic for Small Animals (Internal Medicine, Clinical Pathology and Clinical Pathophysiology), Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ruth Gostelow
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK
| | | | | | - Natali Bauer
- Clinic for Small Animals (Internal Medicine, Clinical Pathology and Clinical Pathophysiology), Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Katarina Hazuchova
- Clinic for Small Animals (Internal Medicine, Clinical Pathology and Clinical Pathophysiology), Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Del Chicca F, Richter H, Müller HP, Kassubek J. MRI-based quantification of adipose tissue distribution in healthy adult cats during body weight gain. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1150085. [PMID: 37215477 PMCID: PMC10196178 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1150085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of obesity in pet population increased over the last decades. Cats have been suggested as model for human obesity because of similar co-morbidities as diabetes and dyslipidaemia. Aim of this study were to quantify the distribution of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue (VAT, SAT respectively) in healthy adult cats during feeding-induced body weight (BW) gain by MRI, and to correlate it to the increased hepatic fat fraction (HFF). Cats received a commercial dry food ad libitum for 40 weeks and were longitudinally scanned three times. VAT and SAT were determined from Dixon MRI data by a dedicated software solution (ATLAS, established in human and rodents). HFF was quantified from a commercially available sequence. At both individual and group level, normalized adipose tissue volumes significantly increased longitudinally, with median VAT/SAT ratio always < 1. With increased BW, more than proportional increased total adipose tissue was observed together with more than proportional increased HFF. HFF is disproportionately high in overweight cats compared to SAT and VAT accumulation in the 40 weeks observation period. Quantitative unbiased MRI examination of different body fat components is useful in longitudinal monitoring of obesity in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Del Chicca
- Clinic for Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Services, Vetsuisse Faculty Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Henning Richter
- Clinic for Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Services, Vetsuisse Faculty Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Jan Kassubek
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Opetz DL, Oba PM, Swanson KS. Effects of overfeeding on the digestive efficiency, voluntary physical activity levels, and fecal characteristics and microbiota of adult cats. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad338. [PMID: 37772600 PMCID: PMC10590176 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of feline obesity continues to rise despite it being a preventable disease. There are many risks and health perturbations associated with obesity, with several of those impacting a pet's quality of life, wellness, and longevity. Feline obesity is commonly studied, but most research has been focused on weight loss rather than weight gain. To our knowledge, feline studies have not examined the implications of overfeeding and weight gain on gastrointestinal transit time (GTT) nor the association it has with the fecal microbiota. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of overfeeding and weight gain on apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD), GTT, blood hormones, serum metabolites, hematology, fecal microbiota populations, and voluntary physical activity of cats. Eleven lean adult spayed female cats [body weight (BW) = 4.11 ± 0.43 kg; body condition score = 5.41 ± 0.3; age = 5.22 ± 0.03 y] were used in a longitudinal weight gain study. After a 2-wk baseline phase, cats were allowed to overeat for 18 wk. A commercially available complete and balanced diet was fed during the baseline phase to identify the intake needed to maintain BW. Cats were then fed the same diet ad libitum to induce weight gain. Fecal samples, blood samples, and voluntary physical activity data were collected at baseline (week 0) and 6, 12, and 18 wk after weight gain. Fecal samples were collected for microbiota analysis, determination of ATTD, and GTT measurement while blood samples were collected for serum chemistry, hematology, and insulin and leptin measurements. Microbiota data were evaluated using QIIME2. All other measures were evaluated statistically using the mixed models procedure of SAS using repeated measures analysis, with time effects being the focus. A P < 0.05 was considered significant. The ATTD of dry matter (P = 0.0061), organic matter (P = 0.0130), crude protein (P < 0.0001), fat (P = 0.0002), and gross energy (P = 0.0002), and GTT (P = 0.0418) decreased with overfeeding and weight gain. Fecal bacterial alpha diversity measures were unchanged, but fecal bacterial beta diversity was impacted (P < 0.05) with overfeeding and weight gain. The relative abundances of 16 bacterial genera, including Bifidobacterium, Collinsella, Erysipelatoclostridium were affected (P < 0.05) by overfeeding and weight gain. In conclusion, overfeeding and subsequent weight gain reduced ATTD, reduced GTT, and caused changes to the fecal microbial community of adult cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle L Opetz
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Patricia M Oba
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Kelly S Swanson
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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Zini E, Salesov E, Willing A, Palizzotto C, Lutz TA, Reusch CE. Serum insulin-like growth factor-1 concentrations in healthy cats before and after weight gain and weight loss. J Vet Intern Med 2021; 35:1274-1278. [PMID: 33830548 PMCID: PMC8163131 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Measurement of serum concentrations of insulin‐like growth factor (IGF)‐1 is used to diagnose acromegaly in cats. Hypothesis Changes of body weight do not affect serum concentrations of IGF‐1 in cats. Animals Ten healthy purpose‐bred cats. Methods Prospective study. In lean cats, food availability was stepwise increased during the first week and given ad libitum for a total of 40 weeks to increase their body weight. From week 41 to week 60, food access was limited to reach a weight loss of 1% to 2% each week. Measurement of IGF‐1 was performed at week 0, 16, 40, and 60. Insulin‐like growth factor‐1 was measured by radioimmunoassay. Body weight and IGF‐1 were compared among the 4 time points. Results Body weight increased by 44% from week 0 (4.5 ± 0.4 kg) to week 40 (6.5 ± 1.2 kg) (P < .001) and decreased by 25% from week 40 to week 60 (4.9 ± 0.7 kg) (P < .001). Serum IGF‐1 concentrations did not differ during the study period (week 0, 16, 40, 60: 500 ± 188, 479 ± 247, 470 ± 184, 435 ± 154 ng/mL, respectively; P = .38). Correlations with body weight were not observed. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Insulin‐like growth factor‐1 might not be influenced by changes of body weight in healthy cats, possibly suggesting that the latter is unimportant when interpreting IGF‐1 results in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Zini
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro (PD), Italy.,AniCura Istituto Veterinario Novara, Granozzo con Monticello (NO), Italy
| | - Elena Salesov
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anke Willing
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carlo Palizzotto
- AniCura Istituto Veterinario Novara, Granozzo con Monticello (NO), Italy
| | - Thomas A Lutz
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia E Reusch
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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