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Jeanne F, Pilet S, Klett D, Combarnous Y, Bernay B, Dufour S, Favrel P, Sourdaine P. Characterization of gonadotropins and their receptors in a chondrichthyan, Scyliorhinus canicula, fills a gap in the understanding of their coevolution. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2024; 358:114614. [PMID: 39326529 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 09/18/2024] [Accepted: 09/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
In Gnathostomes, reproduction is mainly controlled by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, with the involvement of the pituitary gonadotropic hormones (GTH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), which activate their cognate receptors, FSHR and LHR, expressed in gonads. Each GTH consists of a common α subunit and of a specific FSHβ or LHβ subunit. Chondrichthyes (holocephalans and elasmobranchs) is a sister group of bony vertebrates. This position is highly favorable for the understanding of the evolution of endocrine regulations of reproduction among gnathostomes. Surprisingly, the characterization of gonadotropins and their receptors is still limited in chondrichthyes. In the present study, GTH and GTHR sequences have been identified from several chondrichthyan genomes, and their primary structures were analyzed relative to human orthologs. 3D models of GTH/GTHR interaction were built, highlighting the importance of the receptor hinge region for ligand recognition. Functional hormone-receptor interactions have been studied in HEK cells using the small-spotted catshark (Scyliorhinus canicula) recombinant proteins and showed that LHR was specifically activated by LH whereas FSHR was activated by both FSH and LH. Expression profiles of GTHs and their receptors were explored by real-time PCR, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry during spermatogenesis, along the male genital tract and other tissues, as well as in some female tissues for comparison. Tissue-expression analyses showed that the highest levels were observed for fshr transcripts in testis and ovary and for lhr in specific extragonadal tissues. The two receptors were expressed at all stages of spermatogenesis by both germ cells and somatic cells, including undifferentiated spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids, somatic precursors and Sertoli cells; differentiated Leydig cells being absent in the testis of S. canicula. Receptors were also expressed by the lymphomyeloid epigonal tissue and the testicular tubules. These results, suggest a wide range of gonadotropin-regulated functions in Elasmobranchs, as well as functional redundancy during spermatogenesis. These extended functions are discussed in an evolutionary context in which the specificity of gonadotropin signaling must have contributed to the evolution of gonadal cells' morphology and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Jeanne
- Université de Caen Normandie, MNHN, SU, UA, CNRS, IRD, Laboratoire de Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), UMR 8067, 14032 Caen cedex 5, France
| | - Stanislas Pilet
- Université de Caen Normandie, MNHN, SU, UA, CNRS, IRD, Laboratoire de Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), UMR 8067, 14032 Caen cedex 5, France
| | - Danièle Klett
- INRAE, CNRS, UMR Physiologie de la Reproduction & des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Yves Combarnous
- INRAE, CNRS, UMR Physiologie de la Reproduction & des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Benoît Bernay
- Université de Caen Normandie - Plateforme PROTEOGEN, US EMerode, 14032 Caen cedex 5, France
| | - Sylvie Dufour
- Université de Caen Normandie, MNHN, SU, UA, CNRS, IRD, Laboratoire de Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), UMR 8067, 14032 Caen cedex 5, France
| | - Pascal Favrel
- Université de Caen Normandie, MNHN, SU, UA, CNRS, IRD, Laboratoire de Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), UMR 8067, 14032 Caen cedex 5, France
| | - Pascal Sourdaine
- Université de Caen Normandie, MNHN, SU, UA, CNRS, IRD, Laboratoire de Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), UMR 8067, 14032 Caen cedex 5, France.
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2
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Muñoz-Baquero M, Lorenzo-Rebenaque L, García-Domínguez X, Valdés-Hernández J, García-Párraga D, Marin C, García-Vázquez FA, Marco-Jiménez F. Proteomic Insights into Seminal Plasma and Spermatozoa Proteins of Small-Spotted Catsharks, Scyliorhinus canicula: Implications for Reproductive Conservation in Aquariums. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1281. [PMID: 38731285 PMCID: PMC11083954 DOI: 10.3390/ani14091281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In the ex situ conservation of chondrichthyan species, successful reproduction in aquaria is essential. However, these species often exhibit reduced reproductive success under human care. A key aspect is that conventional sperm analyses do not provide insights into the functional competence of sperm. However, proteomics analysis enables a better understanding of male physiology, gaining relevance as a powerful tool for discovering protein biomarkers related to fertility. The present work aims to build the first proteome database for shark semen and to investigate the proteomic profiles of seminal plasma and spermatozoa from small-spotted catsharks (Scyliorhinus canicula) related to the underlying adaptations to both natural and aquarium environments, thereby identifying the reproductive impact in aquarium specimens. A total of 305 seminal plasma and 535 spermatozoa proteins were identified. Among these, 89 proteins (29.2% of the seminal plasma set) were common to both spermatozoa and seminal plasma. In the seminal plasma, only adenosylhomocysteinase protein showed differential abundance (DAP) between wild and aquarium animals. With respect to the spermatozoa proteins, a total of 107 DAPs were found between groups. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis highlighted the primary functional roles of these DAPs involved in oxidoreductase activity. Additionally, KEGG analysis indicated that these DAPs were primarily associated with metabolic pathways and carbon metabolism. In conclusion, we have successfully generated an initial proteome database for S. canicula seminal plasma and spermatozoa. Furthermore, we have identified protein variations, predominantly within spermatozoa, between aquarium and wild populations of S. canicula. These findings provide a foundation for future biomarker discovery in shark reproduction studies. However, additional research is required to determine whether these protein variations correlate with reproductive declines in captive sharks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Muñoz-Baquero
- Department of Animal Production and Health, Veterinary Public Health and Food Science and Technology, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cardenal Herrera-CEU University, CEU Universities, Calle Santiago Ramón y Cajal 20, 45115 Alfara del Patriarca, Spain; (M.M.-B.); (C.M.)
- Fundación Oceanogràfic de la Comunidad Valenciana, 46005 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Laura Lorenzo-Rebenaque
- Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (L.L.-R.); (X.G.-D.); (J.V.-H.)
| | - Ximo García-Domínguez
- Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (L.L.-R.); (X.G.-D.); (J.V.-H.)
| | - Jesús Valdés-Hernández
- Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (L.L.-R.); (X.G.-D.); (J.V.-H.)
| | - Daniel García-Párraga
- Fundación Oceanogràfic de la Comunidad Valenciana, 46005 Valencia, Spain;
- Veterinary Services, Avanqua-Oceanogràfic S.L., Ciudad de las Artes y las Ciencias, 46013 Valencia, Spain
| | - Clara Marin
- Department of Animal Production and Health, Veterinary Public Health and Food Science and Technology, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cardenal Herrera-CEU University, CEU Universities, Calle Santiago Ramón y Cajal 20, 45115 Alfara del Patriarca, Spain; (M.M.-B.); (C.M.)
| | - Francisco Alberto García-Vázquez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Mare Nostrum, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Francisco Marco-Jiménez
- Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (L.L.-R.); (X.G.-D.); (J.V.-H.)
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3
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Morales-Gamba RD, Araújo MLG, Barcellos JFM, Rêgo MG, Dias LC, Marcon JL. Progesterone receptors in extratesticular ducts of the Amazonian stingray Potamotrygon wallacei: A potential role in sperm maturation and aggregate formation. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2023; 344:114375. [PMID: 37696482 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2023.114375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
In cururu stingray (Potamotrygon wallacei Carvalho, Rosa and Araújo 2016) males, plasma progesterone (P4) levels appear to be associated with spermiation events. However, the specific contribution of P4 in sperm maturation via extratesticular ducts in this stingray species is unknown. With the aim of filling this knowledge gap, this study examined the morphology and the presence of progesterone receptors (PR) in the ducts, and analyzed the relationship of progesterone (P4) with sperm maturation and formation of aggregates. Morphological analysis showed that a columnar pseudostratified epithelium with stereocilia lined all the attached ducts. In active males, the secretory cells of the epididymis and the Leydig glands presented PR; however, these receptors were not found in the distal region of the epididymis (essential for nurturing and capacitation events) of regressing males. In the seminal vesicles of active males, the spermatozoa are parallelly aligned and embedded in a matrix to form the spermatozeugmata. The matrixes are formed by proteins secreted by the ducts and Sertoli cell cytoplasts. These structures presented PR, which suggests that P4 engages in sperm metabolism during storage. Our findings allude to the potential role of P4 in regulating the development and function of the attached ducts in different reproductive phases. Furthermore, P4 seems to be an essential component for regulating sperm progress, protein secretion, aggregate formation, and maintenance of sperm during storage in this freshwater stingray.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Dario Morales-Gamba
- Graduate Program in Zoology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas, Av. General Rodrigo Octávio 6200, Coroado I, Manaus, Amazonas 69080-900, Brazil.
| | - Maria Lúcia Góes Araújo
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros - s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco 52171-900, Brazil.
| | - José Fernando Marques Barcellos
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas, Av. General Rodrigo Octávio 6200, Coroado I, Manaus, Amazonas 69080-900, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Gomes Rêgo
- Department of Morphology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros - s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco 52171-900, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Castanhola Dias
- National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Avenida André Araújo 2936, Coroado I, Manaus, Amazonas 69067-375, Brazil.
| | - Jaydione Luiz Marcon
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas, Av. General Rodrigo Octávio 6200, Coroado I, Manaus, Amazonas 69080-900, Brazil.
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Sailler A, Laidebeure S, Lécu A. EFFECTS OF A GNRH VACCINE AND DESLORELIN ACETATE IMPLANTS IN MALE FRESHWATER STINGRAYS ( POTAMOTRYGON SP.). J Zoo Wildl Med 2023; 54:40-48. [PMID: 36971627 DOI: 10.1638/2022-0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Very little information is available in veterinary literature concerning chemical contraception in elasmobranchs. To decrease breeding and adverse reproductive behaviors, male Potamotrygon sp., housed in two zoologic institutions, were treated using methods used in other elasmobranchs. Four animals received deslorelin acetate implants (Suprelorin 4.7 mg and 9.4 mg), four animals received a gonadotropin-releasing hormone vaccine (Improvac 50-100 µg) twice separated by 1 mon, and two animals were not treated to serve as controls. Health checks, including blood sampling, coelomic ultrasound, and sperm analysis, were performed bimonthly and then monthly over almost 2 yr. Microscopic examination of sperm never revealed any significant change in concentration or motility. Size of testes and seminal vesicles glands did not change significantly after treatment. Plasma testosterone concentrations were stable (∼1 ng/ml) in intact and vaccinated animals throughout the study period. Plasma testosterone level increased significantly after deslorelin implantation and remained very high for at least 13 mon, never returning to initial values. Peak concentration varied according to the deslorelin acetate concentration used. Aggression toward females continued despite the use of contraception. Histopathologic examination on dead stingrays revealed active testicular tissue. These results suggest that deslorelin acetate implants and GnRH vaccine are ineffective at dosages used in our cases. Implants caused a continuous stimulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis that could be harmful for the animals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexis Lécu
- Parc Zoologique de Paris, 75012 Paris, France
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5
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Rowlison T, Comizzoli P. The Knowns and Unknowns about Epididymal Extracellular Vesicles in Different Animal Species. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2021; 6:e2101066. [PMID: 34816626 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202101066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Sperm maturation during epididymal transit is a long and complex process. Although the roles of epididymal extracellular vesicles (EVs) on sperm quality have been extensively studied in recent years, there are still a lot of unexplored areas and too few species that are studied. The objective of this review is to focus on the contribution of epididymal EVs through the apocrine secretion of key factors, including proteins and small RNAs. Furthermore, the authors explore the alterations in the content of these vesicles related to male fertility and the effects of environmental stressors, and how these factors vary across taxa. Last, potential applications are covered, and the next steps in that field of research are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tricia Rowlison
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, 3001 Connecticut Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20008, USA
| | - Pierre Comizzoli
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, 3001 Connecticut Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20008, USA
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6
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Comizzoli P, Holt WV. Recent Progress in Spermatology Contributing to the Knowledge and Conservation of Rare and Endangered Species. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2021; 10:469-490. [PMID: 34758275 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-020420-040600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
There is a remarkable diversity in the animal kingdom regarding mechanisms underlying the production, maturation, structure, and function of sperm cells. Spermatology studies contribute to the knowledge of species diversity and also provide information about individual or population fitness. Furthermore, this fundamental research is required before collected spermatozoa can be used for conservation breeding, including assisted reproduction and cryobanking. This article aims to (a) review the most recent knowledge on sperm morphology and function in wild animal species, (b) analyze how this knowledge can be used to save species in their natural habitat or ex situ, and (c) propose future scientific directions in wildlife spermatology that could positively impact animal conservation. Variations in sperm structure and performance within and between species have multiple origins and significance. This collective body of knowledge enables the design and implementation of conservation strategies and action plans that integrate several disciplines. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Animal Biosciences, Volume 10 is February 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Comizzoli
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC, USA;
| | - William V Holt
- Academic Unit of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom;
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Initial Characterization of Male Southern Stingray ( Hypanus americanus) Reproductive Parameters and Preliminary Investigation of Sperm Cryopreservation. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11092716. [PMID: 34573681 PMCID: PMC8468634 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Understanding the reproductive biology of a species is critical for the development of biobanks and assisted reproductive techniques to aid in the genetic management of isolated populations. Male southern stingray (Hypanus americanus) reproductive examinations were opportunistically conducted in March and June. Semen and plasma were collected to characterize ejaculate parameters and to investigate the effect of plasma total testosterone on semen quality. Semen was used for preliminary sperm cryopreservation studies. Changes in semen quality were observed with changes in plasma testosterone concentrations and body conditions. Southern stingray spermatozoa were highly sensitive to cooling rates with slower rates, producing a higher post-thaw survival. Abstract This study investigated the reproductive biology and sperm cryopreservation of ex situ southern stingrays (Hypanus americanus) by semen collection and characterization and the development and validation of an enzyme-linked immunoassay for plasma total testosterone. Semen was collected in March and June using a manual massage technique, and the ejaculates were assessed for volume, pH, osmolarity, motility, status (0–5 scale: 0 = no forward progression, 5 = rapid linear progression) and total sperm count. Semen was extended in Hank’s elasmobranch ringer solution containing 10% DMSO, 10% glycerol or 5% glycerol with 5% N-methylformamide and cryopreserved using a conventional freezing method (~−50 °C/min) or a modified slow freezing method (~−3 °C/min). Body condition was scored from 1–5 and was noted to be low in March (1.93 ± 0.07) due to feeding practices and increased by June (2.93 ± 0.05) after dietary corrections were made. A concomitant increase (p < 0.05) in plasma total testosterone concentration and sperm motility was noted between March (8.0 ± 7.2 ng/mL, 5.71 ± 2.77%) and June (97.3 ± 11.3 ng/mL, 51.4 ± 14.3%). Samples cryopreserved using a modified slow freeze method (~−3 °C/min) had higher post-thaw motility and plasma membrane integrity than conventionally cryopreserved samples. Data indicate that southern stingray sperm morphometrics adheres to those of other elasmobranch species and that a slow cooling rate may be an avenue of research to improve southern stingray sperm survival during cryopreservation.
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Marcon JL, Morales-Gamba RD, Barcellos JFM, Araújo MLGD. Sex steroid hormones and the associated morphological changes in the reproductive tract of free-living males of the cururu stingray Potamotrygon wallacei. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2021; 309:113786. [PMID: 33862050 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2021.113786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study analyzed sex steroid hormones and morphology of the reproductive tract in free-living adult males of the cururu stingray (Potamotrygon wallacei). These stingrays were captured during the transition between drought and rising waters in the middle Rio Negro basin, which coincides with the reproductive period (spermatogenesis and copulation) of this endemic species. Levels of the plasma steroid hormones testosterone (T), 17 β-estradiol (E2), and progesterone (P4), the gonadosomatic and hepatosomatic indices, as well as histological characteristics of the testis and epididymis were evaluated. Three reproductive maturational stages were observed: regression males, capable to reproduce males, and active males. Plasma T levels were increasing and parallel with the rising water period in the middle Rio Negro basin and were associated with the progress of spermatogenesis. This was not observed for E2, which did not vary significantly among the different reproductive stages. The high P4 concentrations in males in regression and males capable of reproducing appeared to regulate the progression of spermatogenesis. Increases in this hormone in the plasma of active males was associated with spermiogenesis and spermiation events. These findings have not been previously observed in Amazonian freshwater stingrays and demonstrate that the reproductive activity of P. wallacei males is concomitant to the period of rising waters in the middle Rio Negro basin, and is regulated by the action of gonadal steroids, mainly testosterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaydione Luiz Marcon
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM), Av. General Rodrigo Octávio 6200, 69080-900, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.; Graduate Program in Zoology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM), Av. General Rodrigo Octávio 6200, 69080-900, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil..
| | - Ruben Dario Morales-Gamba
- Graduate Program in Zoology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM), Av. General Rodrigo Octávio 6200, 69080-900, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - José Fernando Marques Barcellos
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM), Av. General Rodrigo Octávio 6200, 69080-900, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Maria Lúcia Góes de Araújo
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture - Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Av. Marechal Rondon, s/n - Jardim Rosa Elze, 49100-000, São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil
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9
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García-Salinas P, Gallego V, Asturiano JF. Reproductive Anatomy of Chondrichthyans: Notes on Specimen Handling and Sperm Extraction. I. Rays and Skates. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11071888. [PMID: 34202036 PMCID: PMC8300314 DOI: 10.3390/ani11071888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Many species of rays and skates are endangered, and ex situ conservation programs developed by research centers and public aquaria could improve this situation. To reproduce these species in captivity, scientists need to know how to extract their sperm and how to conduct their artificial insemination; however, the anatomical diversity of the reproductive organs of this group of animals is a handicap. A comparison of the reproductive anatomies of 11 distinct species is presented here, emphasizing the important differences between the species when performing sperm extraction or artificial insemination. In addition, the process of obtaining sperm samples from both live and dead males is described in detail, using both cannulation and abdominal massage. Abstract The superorder Batoidea (rays, skates, and relatives), constitutes one of the most threatened group of vertebrates. Strengthening ex situ conservation programs developed in research centers and public aquaria could be a way of addressing this situation. However, captive breeding programs must be improved to prevent the capture of wild animals and to develop proper in situ reintroduction strategies. Sperm extraction and artificial insemination are two techniques commonly used in other threatened species, which could also be used in rays and the like. However, the different reproductive morphologies present within this group of animals may hamper both processes. Here, we present a comparison of the reproductive anatomies of 11 distinct batoid species, emphasizing the important differences between the species when performing sperm extraction or artificial insemination. Both male and female animals, belonging to the Rajidae, Dasyatidae, Torpedinidae and Myliobatidae families, from the Mediterranean Sea were studied. In addition, we describe the procedure to extract sperm using both cannulation and abdominal massage, either from live or dead batoids Finally, the obtention of motile sperm recovered from the oviducal gland of females is described. These techniques generate a new range of possibilities for the conservation of these threatened species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo García-Salinas
- Grupo de Acuicultura y Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (P.G.-S.); (V.G.)
- Associació LAMNA per a l’estudi dels elasmobranquis a la Comunitat Valenciana, Fraules 10, 46020 Valencia, Spain
| | - Victor Gallego
- Grupo de Acuicultura y Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (P.G.-S.); (V.G.)
| | - Juan F. Asturiano
- Grupo de Acuicultura y Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (P.G.-S.); (V.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-96-3879385
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10
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Wang P, Al Azad MAR, Yang X, Martelli PR, Cheung KY, Shi J, Shen Y. Self-adaptive and efficient propulsion of Ray sperms at different viscosities enabled by heterogeneous dual helixes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2024329118. [PMID: 34088836 PMCID: PMC8201849 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2024329118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We disclose a peculiar rotational propulsion mechanism of Ray sperms enabled by its unusual heterogeneous dual helixes with a rigid spiral head and a soft tail, named Heterogeneous Dual Helixes (HDH) model for short. Different from the conventional beating propulsion of sperm, the propulsion of Ray sperms is from both the rotational motion of the soft helical tail and the rigid spiral head. Such heterogeneous dual helical propulsion style provides the Ray sperm with high adaptability in viscous solutions along with advantages in linearity, straightness, and bidirectional motion. This HDH model is further corroborated by a miniature swimming robot actuated via a rigid spiral head and a soft tail, which demonstrates similar superiorities over conventional ones in terms of adaptability and efficiency under the same power input. Such findings expand our knowledge on microorganisms' motion, motivate further studies on natural fertilization, and inspire engineering designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panbing Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - M A R Al Azad
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiong Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Kam Yan Cheung
- Veterinary Department, Ocean Park Corporation, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiahai Shi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
- Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shen Zhen, China
- Tung Biomedical Sciences Center, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yajing Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
- Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shen Zhen, China
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11
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Artificial insemination and parthenogenesis in the whitespotted bamboo shark Chiloscyllium plagiosum. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9966. [PMID: 33980873 PMCID: PMC8116330 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88568-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-lethal methods for semen collection from elasmobranchs to better understand species reproduction has accompanied the development of artificial insemination. Ejaculates (n = 82) collected from whitespotted bamboo sharks Chiloscyllium plagiosum (n = 19) were assessed and cold-stored raw or extended at 4 °C. Females (n = 20) were inseminated with fresh or 24–48 h cold-stored raw or extended semen and paternity of offspring determined with microsatellite markers. Insemination of females with fresh semen (n = 10) resulted in 80 hatchlings and 27.6% fertility. Insemination of females with semen cold-stored 24 h (n = 4) and 48 h (n = 1) semen resulted in 17 hatchlings and fertilization rates of 28.1% and 7.1% respectively. Two females inseminated with fresh or cold-stored semen laid eggs that hatched from fertilization and parthenogenesis within the same clutch. Parthenogenesis rate for inseminated females was 0.71%. Results demonstrate artificial insemination with cold-stored semen can provide a strategy for transport of male genetics nationally and internationally, precluding the need to transport sharks. Production of parthenotes in the same clutch as sexually fertilized eggs highlights the prevalence of parthenogenesis in whitespotted bamboo sharks and poses important considerations for population management.
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Somsap N, Srakaew N, Chatchavalvanich K. Microanatomy of the female reproductive system of the viviparous freshwater whipray Fluvitrygon signifer (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae). II. The genital duct. BMC ZOOL 2021; 6:11. [PMID: 37170322 PMCID: PMC10127299 DOI: 10.1186/s40850-021-00070-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fundamental knowledge on microscopic structures of the whole female chondrichthyan genital ducts from a single species remains unavailable. The present study describes microanatomy of the entire female genital duct (anterior oviduct, oviducal gland, uterus and vagina) of the freshwater dasyatid Fluvitrygon signifer. RESULTS The females have only the left genital duct. The genital ducts reveal histological variation among individuals in terms of tissue organization, histochemical profiles and secretory activities. The anterior oviducts of mature females possess branched mucosal folds and exhibit dynamic relationship between production and secretion of secretory substances, while those of immature/regenerating females have short, unbranched mucosal folds and inactive secretory activities. The oviducal gland comprises glandular tubules, which show histological and histochemical heterogeneity and, thus, can be classified into three types. The uterus is categorized into five patterns principally based on histological features of the trophonematal and uterine mucosa. The vagina displays different histochemical reactions, likely reflecting various degrees of glycosylation of secretory granules. CONCLUSIONS The genital ducts of the females of F. signifer show differential microscopic and histochemical characteristics, indicating their different reproductive statuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nittaya Somsap
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Nopparat Srakaew
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
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Dzyuba V, Ninhaus-Silveira A, Veríssimo-Silveira R, Rodina M, Dzyuba B. Sperm antioxidant system in ocellate river stingray Potamotrygon motoro at transition from seminal vesicle to cloaca. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2020; 46:1975-1980. [PMID: 32676985 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-020-00848-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The importance of reactive oxygen species and the antioxidant system in sperm biology has been recognized for different bony fishes but nothing is known in this regard for chondrichthyans. For the first time for cartilaginous fishes, the enzymatic antioxidant system was shown herein to be present in both fractions of sperm (spermatozoa and seminal fluid) collected from two different places (seminal vesicle and cloaca). In internally fertilizing freshwater ocellate river stingray, Potamotrygon motoro, the activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase was not changed upon sperm transition from the seminal vesicle to the cloaca. The activity of catalase was significantly increased for both sperm fractions at transition from the seminal vesicle to the cloaca (1.6 times for spermatozoa and 1.9 times for seminal fluid). The role of the sperm antioxidant system for different aspects of internal fertilization is discussed. The presented results are the initiatory step in uncovering the biochemical events of internal reproduction in Chondrichthyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriya Dzyuba
- Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic.
| | - Alexandre Ninhaus-Silveira
- Neotropical Ichthyology Laboratory (LINEO), Department of Biology and Zootechny, Ilha Solteira School of Engineering, São Paulo State University, Monção Street, 226, Ilha Solteira, SP, 15385-000, Brazil
| | - Rosicleire Veríssimo-Silveira
- Neotropical Ichthyology Laboratory (LINEO), Department of Biology and Zootechny, Ilha Solteira School of Engineering, São Paulo State University, Monção Street, 226, Ilha Solteira, SP, 15385-000, Brazil
| | - Marek Rodina
- Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Borys Dzyuba
- Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
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Engel KM, Dzyuba V, Ninhaus-Silveira A, Veríssimo-Silveira R, Dannenberger D, Schiller J, Steinbach C, Dzyuba B. Sperm Lipid Composition in Early Diverged Fish Species: Internal vs. External Mode of Fertilization. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020172. [PMID: 31979037 PMCID: PMC7072473 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The lipid composition of sperm membranes is crucial for fertilization and differs among species. As the evolution of internal fertilization modes in fishes is not understood, a comparative study of the sperm lipid composition in freshwater representatives of externally and internally fertilizing fishes is needed for a better understanding of taxa-specific relationships between the lipid composition of the sperm membrane and the sperm physiology. The lipidomes of spermatozoa from stingray, a representative of cartilaginous fishes possessing internal fertilization, and sterlet, a representative of chondrostean fishes with external fertilization, have been studied by means of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), electrospray MS, gas chromatography-(GC) MS, and thin-layer chromatography (TLC). NMR experiments revealed higher cholesterol content and the presence of phosphatidylserine in stingray compared to sterlet sperm. Unknown MS signals could be assigned to different glycosphingolipids in sterlet (neutral glycosphingolipid Gal-Cer(d18:1/16:0)) and stingray (acidic glycosphingolipid sulpho-Gal-Cer(d18:1/16:0)). Free fatty acids in sterlet sperm indicate internal energy storage. GC-MS experiments indicated a significant amount of adrenic acid, but only a low amount of docosahexaenoic acid in stingray sperm. In a nutshell, this study provides novel data on sperm lipid composition for freshwater stingray and sterlet possessing different modes of fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin M. Engel
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16–18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-341-97-15708
| | - Viktoriya Dzyuba
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, South Bohemian Research Centre for Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší, 728/II, 38925 Vodňany, Czech Republic; (V.D.); (C.S.); (B.D.)
| | - Alexandre Ninhaus-Silveira
- Department of Biology and Zootechny, Ilha Solteira, Faculty of Engineering, São Paulo State University, Neotropical Ichthyology Laboratory—LINEO, Monção Street, 226, 15385-000, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil; (A.N.-S.); (R.V.-S.)
| | - Rosicleire Veríssimo-Silveira
- Department of Biology and Zootechny, Ilha Solteira, Faculty of Engineering, São Paulo State University, Neotropical Ichthyology Laboratory—LINEO, Monção Street, 226, 15385-000, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil; (A.N.-S.); (R.V.-S.)
| | - Dirk Dannenberger
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Lipid Metabolism and Muscular Adaptation Workgroup, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany;
| | - Jürgen Schiller
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16–18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Christoph Steinbach
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, South Bohemian Research Centre for Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší, 728/II, 38925 Vodňany, Czech Republic; (V.D.); (C.S.); (B.D.)
| | - Borys Dzyuba
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, South Bohemian Research Centre for Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší, 728/II, 38925 Vodňany, Czech Republic; (V.D.); (C.S.); (B.D.)
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Sperm characterization of the Amazonian freshwater cururu stingray Potamotrygon wallacei (Potamotryogonidae): basic knowledge for reproduction and conservation plans. ZYGOTE 2019; 27:259-261. [PMID: 31397257 DOI: 10.1017/s096719941900039x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to describe the morphology and sperm quality of free-living adult males of cururu stingray Potamotrygon wallacei, endemic from the Rio Negro basin, Brazilian Amazon. The sperm was collected in loco from the seminal vesicle region and fixed in buffered saline formaldehyde solution for further evaluation of morphometry, sperm plasma membrane integrity and sperm concentration. The spermatozoa presented a total length of 138.25 ± 1.82 μm with a helical shape and a long head. A high percentage of cells with intact membrane (98 ± 2%) and normal spermatozoa (92 ± 1%) were observed. The cell concentration was 0.34 ± 0.05 × 1010 spermatozoa/ml of semen. These observations are unprecedented for potamotrygonid species and will serve as a basis for future management and conservation strategies.
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Penfold LM, Wyffels JT. Reproductive Science in Sharks and Rays. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1200:465-488. [PMID: 31471806 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-23633-5_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sharks and rays make up 96% of the class Chondrichthyes. They are among the most endangered of any taxa, threatened through habitat loss, overfishing and hunting for shark fin soup, traditional medicines or sport, and because many species are slow to mature and produce low numbers of offspring. Sharks and rays are ecologically and reproductively diverse, though basic knowledge of their reproductive physiology is lacking for many species. There has been a move towards non-lethal approaches of data collection in sharks and rays, especially with reproductive technologies such as ultrasound and hormone analysis. Additionally, technologies such as semen collection and artificial insemination are lending themselves to develop tools to manage small or closed populations, with cold-stored sperm being shipped between institutions to maximize genetic diversity in managed populations. The role of steroid hormones in elasmobranch reproduction appears broadly conserved, though heavily influenced by environmental cues, especially temperature. For this reason elasmobranchs are likely at risk of reproductive perturbations due to environmental changes such as ocean warming. Current reproductive technologies including computer assisted sperm assessments to study warming effects on sperm motility and intra-uterine satellite tags to determine birthing grounds will serve to generate data to mitigate anthropogenic changes that threaten the future of this vulnerable groups of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda M Penfold
- South-East Zoo Alliance for Reproduction & Conservation, Yulee, FL, USA.
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