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Di Bitetti MS, Iezzi ME, Cruz P, Cirignoli S, Varela D, De Angelo C. Enemies or good neighbors? No indication of spatial or temporal avoidance between two sympatric South
American canids. J Zool (1987) 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. S. Di Bitetti
- Instituto de Biología Subtropical (IBS) Universidad Nacional de Misiones (UNaM) ‐ CONICET Puerto Iguazú Argentina
- Asociación Civil Centro de Investigaciones del Bosque Atlántico Puerto Iguazú Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Forestales UNaM Eldorado Argentina
| | - M. E. Iezzi
- Instituto de Biología Subtropical (IBS) Universidad Nacional de Misiones (UNaM) ‐ CONICET Puerto Iguazú Argentina
- Asociación Civil Centro de Investigaciones del Bosque Atlántico Puerto Iguazú Argentina
| | - P. Cruz
- Instituto de Biología Subtropical (IBS) Universidad Nacional de Misiones (UNaM) ‐ CONICET Puerto Iguazú Argentina
- Asociación Civil Centro de Investigaciones del Bosque Atlántico Puerto Iguazú Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Forestales UNaM Eldorado Argentina
| | - S. Cirignoli
- Asociación Civil Centro de Investigaciones del Bosque Atlántico Puerto Iguazú Argentina
| | - D. Varela
- Instituto de Biología Subtropical (IBS) Universidad Nacional de Misiones (UNaM) ‐ CONICET Puerto Iguazú Argentina
- Asociación Civil Centro de Investigaciones del Bosque Atlántico Puerto Iguazú Argentina
| | - C. De Angelo
- Asociación Civil Centro de Investigaciones del Bosque Atlántico Puerto Iguazú Argentina
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra Biodiversidad y Ambiente (ICBIA) Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC) – CONICET Río Cuarto Argentina
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Dutra-Vieira FM, Silva MS, Vieira GS, Carvalho AS, Schimming BC. Diet of crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) in two conservation units of the Amazon rainforest, Brazil. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 84:e252093. [PMID: 34932633 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.252093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the diet of the free-living crab-eating fox by identifying the stomach contents of the 17 crab-eating foxes (Cerdocyon thous) roadkilled in two conservation units, both located in the Amazon rainforest. The food items were quantified by frequency of occurrence (FO) and percentage of occurrence (PO). The stomach contents were analysed for dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fibre (CF), ether extract (EE), and mineral matter (MM). Nitrogen-free extractives (NFE), metabolisable energy (ME) values, as well as the energy need for maintenance were estimated. The composition of the diet for the crab-eating fox presented 29 food items from the different taxonomic groups, with a greater diversity of items of animal origin (n=22), although the highest frequency of occurrence was gramineae (Poaceae) (41.18%). Among the items of animal origin, 21% were mammals, 18% reptiles, 10% amphibians, 9% invertebrates and 3% birds. A high content of CF (62.76%) were determined. Nitrogen-free extractive and dry matter averages were 5.91% and 141.82 kcal/100g, respectively. The average maintenance energy was 447.01 kcal/day. These findings suggesting that the crab-eating foxes have a generalist diet with an omnivorous diet in the Amazon basin, feeding on gramineae, fruits, insects, snakes, amphibians, birds and small mammals and have the same feeding habit that present in other Brazilian biomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Dutra-Vieira
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho - UNESP, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Animais Selvagens, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - M S Silva
- Instituto Evandro Chagas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Epidemiologia e Vigilância em Saúde, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | - G S Vieira
- Instituto Federal do Pará, Marabá, PA, Brasil
| | - A S Carvalho
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Instituto de Geociências, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - B C Schimming
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho - UNESP, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Animais Selvagens, Botucatu, SP, Brasil.,Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho - UNESP, Laboratório de Anatomia de Animais Selvagens, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
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Marques Dracxler C, Kissling WD. The mutualism-antagonism continuum in Neotropical palm-frugivore interactions: from interaction outcomes to ecosystem dynamics. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 97:527-553. [PMID: 34725900 PMCID: PMC9297963 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Frugivory, that is feeding on fruits, pulp or seeds by animals, is usually considered a mutualism when interactions involve seed dispersal, and an antagonism when it results in the predation and destruction of seeds. Nevertheless, most frugivory interactions involve both benefits and disadvantages for plants, and the net interaction outcomes thus tend to vary along a continuum from mutualism to antagonism. Quantifying outcome variation is challenging and the ecological contribution of frugivorous animals to plant demography thus remains little explored. This is particularly true for interactions in which animals do not ingest entire fruits, that is in seed‐eating and pulp‐eating. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of Neotropical palm–frugivore interactions, with a focus on how frugivore consumption behaviour (i.e. digestive processing, fruit‐handling ability and caching behaviour) and feeding types (fruit‐eating, pulp‐eating and seed‐eating) influence interaction outcomes at different demographic stages of palms. We compiled a total of 1043 species‐level palm–frugivore interaction records that explicitly captured information on which parts of palm fruits are eaten by animals. These records showed consumption of fruits of 106 Neotropical palm species by 273 vertebrate species, especially birds (50%) and mammals (45%), but also fish (3%) and reptiles (2%). Fruit‐eating involved all four taxonomic vertebrate classes whereas seed‐eating and pulp‐eating were only recorded among birds and mammals. Most fruit‐eating interactions (77%) resulted in positive interaction outcomes for plants (e.g. gut‐passed seeds are viable or seeds are successfully dispersed), regardless of the digestive processing type of vertebrate consumers (seed defecation versus regurgitation). The majority of pulp‐eating interactions (91%) also resulted in positive interaction outcomes, for instance via pulp removal that promoted seed germination or via dispersal of intact palm seeds by external transport, especially if animals have a good fruit‐handling ability (e.g. primates, and some parrots). By contrast, seed‐eating interactions mostly resulted in dual outcomes (60%), where interactions had both negative effects on seed survival and positive outcomes through seed caching and external (non‐digestive) seed dispersal. A detailed synthesis of available field studies with qualitative and quantitative information provided evidence that 12 families and 27 species of mammals and birds are predominantly on the mutualistic side of the continuum whereas five mammalian families, six mammal and one reptile species are on the antagonistic side. The synthesis also revealed that most species can act as partial mutualists, even if they are typically considered antagonists. Our review demonstrates how different consumption behaviours and feeding types of vertebrate fruit consumers can influence seed dispersal and regeneration of palms, and thus ultimately affect the structure and functioning of tropical ecosystems. Variation in feeding types of animal consumers will influence ecosystem dynamics via effects on plant population dynamics and differences in long‐distance seed dispersal, and may subsequently affect ecosystem functions such as carbon storage. The quantification of intra‐ and inter‐specific variation in outcomes of plant–frugivore interactions – and their positive and negative effects on the seed‐to‐seedling transition of animal‐dispersed plants – should be a key research focus to understand better the mutualism–antagonism continuum and its importance for ecosystem dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Marques Dracxler
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94240, Amsterdam, 1090 GE, The Netherlands
| | - W Daniel Kissling
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94240, Amsterdam, 1090 GE, The Netherlands
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Santo Domingo AD, Caruso NC, Guerisoli MDLM, Lucherini M, Luengos Vidal EM. Limited influence of hunting on the activity patterns and habitat use of Pampas fox (Lycalopex gymnocercus) in agroecosystems of central Argentina. Behav Processes 2021; 192:104476. [PMID: 34418481 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2021.104476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The Pampas fox (Lycalopex gymnocercus) has suffered from hunting and human persecution for decades, both for fur trade or due to conflicts with livestock. However, studies assessing the effects of hunting pressure on this canid population ecology are lacking. In this work, we assessed the influence of several hunting-related variables on the daily activity patterns and habitat use of the Pampas fox. In private farms of central Argentina, we performed two camera-trapping surveys: one during the non-hunting season and other during the hunting season, distinguishing between sites with or without access by hunters. The habitat use of Pampas foxes did not vary between seasons, but their detectability was lower during the hunting season in habitats that allow humans to see foxes easily (i.e., habitats with high visibility). Pampas foxes selected dusk and night-time, increasing their activity at dusk hours on sites with hunting and showed differences in activity patterns related with the level of visibility of the habitat and to season. Hunting pressure may interact with anthropogenic habitat modifications and create ecological traps for the Pampas fox in agroecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Daniel Santo Domingo
- Grupo de Ecología Comportamental de Mamíferos (GECM), Depto. de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), San Juan 670, Bahía Blanca (8000), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Carmelo Caruso
- Grupo de Ecología Comportamental de Mamíferos (GECM), Depto. de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), San Juan 670, Bahía Blanca (8000), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS) - CONICET. San Juan 671, Bahía Blanca (8000), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - María de Las Mercedes Guerisoli
- Grupo de Ecología Comportamental de Mamíferos (GECM), Depto. de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), San Juan 670, Bahía Blanca (8000), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS) - CONICET. San Juan 671, Bahía Blanca (8000), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mauro Lucherini
- Grupo de Ecología Comportamental de Mamíferos (GECM), Depto. de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), San Juan 670, Bahía Blanca (8000), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS) - CONICET. San Juan 671, Bahía Blanca (8000), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Estela Maris Luengos Vidal
- Grupo de Ecología Comportamental de Mamíferos (GECM), Depto. de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), San Juan 670, Bahía Blanca (8000), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS) - CONICET. San Juan 671, Bahía Blanca (8000), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Weiler A, Núñez K, Silla F. Forest matters: Use of water reservoirs by mammal communities in cattle ranch landscapes in the Paraguayan Dry Chaco. Glob Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Martins FP, Souza EC, Bernardes FCS, Abidu-Figueiredo M, Kasper CB, de Souza-Junior P. Anatomical variations in cervical vertebrae in two species of neotropical canids: What is the meaning? Anat Histol Embryol 2020; 50:212-217. [PMID: 32857880 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Anatomical variation in wild canids is rarely described. Altered shapes, uni- or bilaterally situated, were observed in ventral laminae of C6 and/or in C7 vertebral body of two fox species: Lycalopex gymnocercus and Cerdocyon thous. The specimens were young adults, collected dead on highways in southern Brazil. Deformities were considered anatomical variations because apparently there was no interference in function. The occurrence of such variations in two related species from the same area can suggest an environmental common cause rather than genetic issues. Future studies may deepen the understanding between cause and effect of these vertebral deformities in wild canids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Pratalli Martins
- Laboratory of Animal Anatomy, Federal University of Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Erick Candiota Souza
- Laboratory of Animal Anatomy, Federal University of Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Abidu-Figueiredo
- Department of Animal and Human Anatomy, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica, RJ
| | - Carlos Benhur Kasper
- Birds and Mammals Laboratory, Federal University of Pampa (UNIPAMPA), São Gabriel, RS, Brazil
| | - Paulo de Souza-Junior
- Laboratory of Animal Anatomy, Federal University of Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
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