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Safaei-Mahroo B, Ghaffari H, Niamir A. A synoptic review of the Amphibians of Iran: bibliography, taxonomy, synonymy, distribution, conservation status, and identification key to the eggs, larvae, and adults. Zootaxa 2023; 5279:1-112. [PMID: 37518755 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5279.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
This study provides an illustrated account, a comprehensive update of the systematics, and a bibliography of the 15 species of anurans in five families, eight genera; and of the six species of urodeles in two families, four genera in Iran. Bufonidae, with eight species, is the most diverse family; Salamandridae has five species and Ranidae has four species. This study also presents updated identification keys for the eggs, larvae, and metamorphosed amphibians of Iran. We designated specimen NMW 19855.1 as neotype of Pelophylax persicus (Schneider, 1799) comb. nov.. Along with distribution maps obtained from all the reliable localities and museum specimens known at this time, the modelled habitat of species, and for the first time, the National Red List of amphibians based on the IUCN red list categories and criteria. Based on our evaluation we propose to categorize Bufo eichwaldi, Paradactylodon persicus, Neurergus derjugini, and N. kaiseri as Vulnerable at National Red List, and to move Bufotes (Calliopersa) luristanicus, B. (C.) surdus, Firouzophrynus olivaceus, and Rana pseudodalmatina from the category of Least Concern (LC) to Near Threatened (NT). The National Red List of amphibians that we propose has significant implications for endangered species management and conservation. Forty-one percent of amphibian species in Iran are endemic to the country, and more than forty percent of the Iranian amphibians are at risk of extinction. Zagros Mountain forest and Hyrcaniain forests have more than 80% (i.e. 18 species) of the diversity of Iranian amphibians. A considerable amount of scientific literature published on Iranian amphibians in Persian language is not easily accessible to researchers outside Iran. This monograph attempts to remedy the situation and provides broader access to international herpetology. We recognize that taxonomy is always in a state of flux, and the names and synonymies used here reflect our current view.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanyeh Ghaffari
- Department of Environmental Sciences; Faculty of Natural Resources; University of Kurdistan; Sanandaj; Iran.
| | - Aidin Niamir
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre; Frankfurt am Main; Germany.
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Amiri N, Vaissi S, Aghamir F, Saberi‐Pirooz R, Rödder D, Ebrahimi E, Ahmadzadeh F. Tracking climate change in the spatial distribution pattern and the phylogeographic structure of Hyrcanian wood frog,
Rana pseudodalmatina
(Anura: Ranidae). J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Negar Amiri
- Department of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Management Environmental Sciences Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University Tehran Iran
| | - Somaye Vaissi
- Department of Biology Faculty of Science Razi University Kermanshah Iran
| | - Fateme Aghamir
- Department of Agroecology Environmental Sciences Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University Tehran Iran
| | - Reihaneh Saberi‐Pirooz
- Department of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Management Environmental Sciences Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University Tehran Iran
| | - Dennis Rödder
- Herpetology Section Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig (ZFMK) Bonn Germany
| | - Elham Ebrahimi
- Department of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Management Environmental Sciences Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University Tehran Iran
| | - Faraham Ahmadzadeh
- Department of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Management Environmental Sciences Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University Tehran Iran
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Promnun P, Tandavanitj N, Kongrit C, Kongsatree K, Kongpraphan P, Dongkumfu W, Kumsuan D, Khudamrongsawat J. Phylogeography and ecological niche modeling reveal evolutionary history of Leiolepis ocellata (Squamata, Leiolepidae). Ecol Evol 2021; 11:2221-2233. [PMID: 33717450 PMCID: PMC7920770 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Leiolepis ocellata is a lizard species distributing in topographically diverse habitats in northern Thailand. To explore its evolutionary history, 113 samples of L. ocellata were collected from 11 localities covering its distributional range in northern Thailand, and sequenced for mtDNA fragments (Cyt b and ND2). Pairwise comparisons across sampling localities yielded significant genetic differentiation (F ST and Jost's D) but no clear pattern of isolation by distance could be demonstrated based on the Mantel test. Phylogenetic and network analyses highlighted six haplogroups. Their divergence times were estimated to occur during the Pleistocene, much more recent than major orogenic events affecting northern Thailand. Instead, the results suggested that lineage divergences, of particularly eastern and western haplogroups of the region, coincided with the major rivers in the region (Yom river and Ping river, respectively), indicating vicariance in response to riverine barriers. Furthermore, ecological niche modeling suggested an expansion of suitable habitats of L. ocellata, when LGM-liked conditions. This expansion potentially facilitated their dispersal among adjacent localities leading to lineage diversification and genetic admixture, after the riverine divergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattarapon Promnun
- Animal Systematics and Molecular Ecology LaboratoryDepartment of BiologyFaculty of ScienceMahidol UniversityRatchathewi, BangkokThailand
| | - Nontivich Tandavanitj
- Department of BiologyFaculty of ScienceChulalongkorn UniversityPathumwan, BangkokThailand
| | - Chalita Kongrit
- Animal Systematics and Molecular Ecology LaboratoryDepartment of BiologyFaculty of ScienceMahidol UniversityRatchathewi, BangkokThailand
| | - Kritsayam Kongsatree
- Doi Suthep‐Pui National ParkSuthep, Mueang Chiang Mai District, Chiang MaiThailand
| | | | | | | | - Jenjit Khudamrongsawat
- Animal Systematics and Molecular Ecology LaboratoryDepartment of BiologyFaculty of ScienceMahidol UniversityRatchathewi, BangkokThailand
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Hofmeyr MD, Ihlow F, Fouche P, Daniels SR. Niche divergence corresponds to genetic differentiation within the parrot-beaked tortoise Homopus areolatus (Reptilia: Testudinidae), endemic to South Africa. Zool J Linn Soc 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
AbstractWe assessed genetic differentiation and habitat suitability for Homopus areolatus during current and Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) conditions. The ND4 locus retrieved two monophyletic mtDNA clades with lower diversity in clade 1, in the west, than in clade 2, in the south-east. Clade 1 showed a north–south and clade 2 a west-to-east genetic divergence, and the clades co-occur in the syntaxis zone of the Cape Fold Mountains. The clades occupy distinct niches with limited overlap. Rainfall seasonality contributed most to habitat suitability, with clade 1 being restricted to winter rainfall and clade 2 to all-year rainfall regions. Precipitation variables contributed 90% and 60%, respectively, to habitat suitability of clades 1 and 2, with temperature, particularly mean temperature of the driest quarter, being of greater importance for clade 2 than clade 1. Suitable habitat shrank from the LGM to current conditions, probably due to reduced rainfall in the west and higher temperatures in most regions. We conclude that patterns of genetic divergence are strongly associated with ecological niche divergence of H. areolatus clades. More studies are needed to assess the taxonomic status of clade 1, particularly in view of its shrinking habitat due to climate change and anthropogenic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaretha D Hofmeyr
- Chelonian Biodiversity and Conservation, Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Flora Ihlow
- Museum of Zoology, Senckenberg Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Pierre Fouche
- Chelonian Biodiversity and Conservation, Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Savel R Daniels
- Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa
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Dufresnes C, Beddek M, Skorinov DV, Fumagalli L, Perrin N, Crochet PA, Litvinchuk SN. Diversification and speciation in tree frogs from the Maghreb (Hyla meridionalis sensu lato), with description of a new African endemic. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019; 134:291-299. [PMID: 30776435 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Comparative molecular studies emphasized a new biogeographic paradigm for the terrestrial fauna of North Africa, one of the last uncharted ecoregions of the Western Palearctic: two independent east-west divisions across the Maghreb. Through a comprehensive phylogeography, we assessed how this model suits the genetic diversification documented for the tree frog Hyla meridionalis sensu lato. Analyses of mtDNA variation and thousands of nuclear loci confirmed the old split (low-Pliocene) between Tunisian and Algerian populations. These lineages meet but barely admix in the eastern Maghreb (Algerian-Tunisian border), a sign of putatively advanced reproductive isolation. In the western Maghreb, we report a Pleistocene divergence between Moroccan and Algerian populations. Tree frogs thus follow both predictions: a double east-west break that gave rise to two suture zones characteristic of North-African phylogeography. Moreover, some intraspecific mtDNA variation is not mirrored by the nuclear data, emphasizing that evolutionary units should always be designated by multilocus approaches. Last but not least, we describe the Tunisian lineage as a new species endemic to Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Dufresnes
- Hintermann & Weber SA, Montreux, Switzerland; Laboratory for Conservation Biology, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Alfred Denny Building, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom.
| | - Menad Beddek
- CEFE, CNRS, University Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, EPHE, Montpellier, France; Naturalia Environnement, Site Agroparc, Avignon, France
| | - Dmitriy V Skorinov
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Luca Fumagalli
- Laboratory for Conservation Biology, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Perrin
- Department of Ecology & Evolution, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Spartak N Litvinchuk
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia; Dagestan State University, Makhachkala, Russia
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Brusquetti F, Netto F, Baldo D, Haddad CFB. The influence of Pleistocene glaciations on Chacoan fauna: genetic structure and historical demography of an endemic frog of the South American Gran Chaco. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/bly203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Brusquetti
- Instituto de Investigación Biológica del Paraguay, Del Escudo, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Flavia Netto
- Instituto de Investigación Biológica del Paraguay, Del Escudo, Asunción, Paraguay
- Itaipu Binacional, División de Áreas Protegidas, Dirección de Coordinación Ejecutiva, Ciudad del Este, Alto Paraná, Paraguay
| | - Diego Baldo
- Instituto de Biología Subtropical (IBS, CONICET-UNaM), Laboratorio de Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Félix de Azara, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Célio F B Haddad
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências e Centro de Aquicultura (CAUNESP), UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Caixa Postal, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
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Barrasso DA, Basso NG. Low genetic divergence but many names in the endemic Patagonian frogs of the genus
Atelognathus
(Anura, Batrachylidae): A molecular genetic and morphological perspective. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Andrés Barrasso
- Instituto de Diversidad y Evolución Austral (IDEAus‐CONICET) Puerto Madryn Chubut Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Nacional de la Patagonia “San Juan Bosco” (UNPSJB) Puerto Madryn Chubut Argentina
| | - Néstor Guillermo Basso
- Instituto de Diversidad y Evolución Austral (IDEAus‐CONICET) Puerto Madryn Chubut Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Nacional de la Patagonia “San Juan Bosco” (UNPSJB) Puerto Madryn Chubut Argentina
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Cherairia M, Adler PH. Genetic variation in a colonization specialist, Simulium ruficorne (Diptera: Simuliidae), the world's most widely distributed black fly. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205137. [PMID: 30281665 PMCID: PMC6169971 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of aquatic insects to colonize Earth's most remote freshwater habitats, such as those of islands and deserts, is limited to select taxa. Among black flies, the premiere colonization specialist is Simulium ruficorne Macquart, the only species known from both the Afrotropical and Palearctic regions. We investigated the cytogenetics of S. ruficorne to gain insight into its wide geographic distribution and ability to colonize oceanic islands and deserts. On the basis of larval polytene chromosomes from 14 locations, we documented 17 novel and previously known chromosomal rearrangements and established five cytoforms (A1, A2, B, C, and D), of which probably four (A1/A2, B, C, and D) are distinct species and two (A1 and A2) represent sex-chromosome polymorphism involving a heteroband in the long arm of chromosome III. The chromosome restructuring phenomena associated with the five cytoforms are consistent with the trend in the Simuliidae that one and the same rearrangement can assume different functions in the various descendants of a common ancestor in which the rearrangement was polymorphic. The most widely distributed cytoforms are A1 and A2, which are found in North Africa, the Canary Islands, and Majorca. Simulium ruficorne, the only known black fly in the Hoggar Mountains of the central Sahara Desert, represents a cohesive population of cytoform A1 little differentiated from other North African populations of A1 and A2. Cytoform B inhabits the West African mainland, cytoform C is on Tenerife, and cytoform D is on Cape Verde. We suggest that dispersal and colonization specialists, such as S. ruficorne, are multivoltine inhabitants of temporary streams, and must relocate as their habitats deteriorate. Simulium ruficorne, therefore, should have adaptations that contribute to successful dispersal and colonization, perhaps largely physiological in nature, such as tolerance of high temperatures and droughts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouna Cherairia
- Laboratoire de Recherche et de Conservation des Zones Humides, Université 8 Mai 1945 de Guelma, Guelma, Algeria
| | - Peter H. Adler
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
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Beddek M, Zenboudji-Beddek S, Geniez P, Fathalla R, Sourouille P, Arnal V, Dellaoui B, Koudache F, Telailia S, Peyre O, Crochet PA. Comparative phylogeography of amphibians and reptiles in Algeria suggests common causes for the east-west phylogeographic breaks in the Maghreb. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201218. [PMID: 30157236 PMCID: PMC6114291 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of phylogeographic studies in the Maghreb identified a repeated pattern of deep genetic divergence between an eastern (Tunisia) and western (Morocco) lineage for several taxa but lack of sampling in Algeria made it difficult to know if the range limits between the eastern and western lineages were shared among taxa or not. To address this question, we designed a comparative phylogeographic study using 8 reptile and 3 amphibian species with wide distribution in the Maghreb as models. We selected species where previous studies had identified an East-West phylogeographic divide and collected sampled in Algeria to 1) examine whether the simple East-West divergence pattern still holds after filling the sampling gap in Algeria or if more complex diversity patterns emerge; 2) if the E-W pattern still holds, test whether the limits between the E and W clades are shared between species, suggesting that common historical process caused the E-W divergences; 3) if E-W limits are shared between species, use information on the age of the divergence to identify possible geological or climatic events that could have triggered these E-W differentiations. We found that the E-W pattern was generally maintained after additional sampling in Algeria and identified two common disjunction areas, one around the Algeria-Morocco border, the other one in Kabylia (central Algeria), suggesting that common historical mechanisms caused the E-W divergences in the Maghreb. Our estimates for the times to most common recent ancestors to the E and W clades span a wide range between the Messinian salinity crisis and the Plio-Pleistocene limit (except for one older split), suggesting different origins for the initial divergences and subsequent preservation of the E and W lineages in common climatic refugia in the west and the east of the Maghreb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menad Beddek
- CEFE, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, INRA, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
- Naturalia Environnement, Site Agroparc, Avignon, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Saliha Zenboudji-Beddek
- CEFE, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, INRA, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Geniez
- CEFE, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, INRA, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Raouaa Fathalla
- CEFE, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, INRA, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
- Unité de recherche de biodiversité et biologie des populations, Faculté des sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis Elmanar, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Patricia Sourouille
- CEFE, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, INRA, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Véronique Arnal
- CEFE, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, INRA, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Boualem Dellaoui
- Département de l’Environnement, Faculté des Sciences, Université Djillali Liabes, Sidi Bel Abbes, Algérie
| | - Fatiha Koudache
- Département de l’Environnement, Faculté des Sciences, Université Djillali Liabes, Sidi Bel Abbes, Algérie
| | - Salah Telailia
- Département des Sciences Agronomiques, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université Chadli Bendjedid, El Tarf, Algérie
| | - Olivier Peyre
- Naturalia Environnement, Site Agroparc, Avignon, France
| | - Pierre-André Crochet
- CEFE, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, INRA, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
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GonÇalves DV, Pereira P, Velo-AntÓn G, Harris DJ, Carranza S, Brito JC. Assessing the role of aridity-induced vicariance and ecological divergence in species diversification in North-West Africa using Agama lizards. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/bly055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Duarte V GonÇalves
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua Campo Alegre, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paulo Pereira
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua Campo Alegre, Porto, Portugal
| | - Guillermo Velo-AntÓn
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
| | - D James Harris
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua Campo Alegre, Porto, Portugal
| | - Salvador Carranza
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, Barcelona, Spain
| | - JosÉ C Brito
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua Campo Alegre, Porto, Portugal
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