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Salazar JK, Fay ML, Khouja BA, Mate M, Zhou X, Lingareddygari P, Liggans G. Dynamics of Listeriamonocytogenes and Salmonella enterica on Cooked Vegetables During Storage. J Food Prot 2024; 87:100259. [PMID: 38447927 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Fresh vegetables have been linked to multiple foodborne outbreaks in the U.S., with Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enterica identified as leading causes. Beyond raw vegetables, cooked vegetables can also pose food safety concerns due to improper cooking temperature and time combinations or postcooking contamination. Cooked vegetables, having had their native microbiota reduced through heat inactivation, might provide an environment that favors the growth of pathogens due to diminished microbial competition. While the risks associated with raw vegetables are recognized, the survival and growth of pathogens on cooked vegetables remain inadequately studied. This study investigated the growth kinetics of both L. monocytogenes and S. enterica on various cooked vegetables (carrot, corn, onions, green bell pepper, and potato). Vegetables were cooked at 177°C until the internal temperature reached 90°C and then cooled to 5°C. Cooled vegetables were inoculated with a four-strain cocktail of either L. monocytogenes or S. enterica at 3 log CFU/g, then stored at different temperatures (5, 10, or 25°C) for up to 7 days. Both pathogens survived on all vegetables when stored at 5°C. At 10°C, both pathogens proliferated on all vegetables, with the exception of L. monocytogenes on pepper. At 25°C, the highest growth rates were observed by both pathogens on carrot (5.55 ± 0.22 and 6.42 ± 0.23 log CFU/g/d for L. monocytogenes and S. enterica, respectively). S. enterica displayed higher growth rates at 25°C compared to L. monocytogenes on all vegetables. Overall, these results bridge the knowledge gap concerning the growth kinetics of both S. enterica and L. monocytogenes on various cooked vegetables, offering insights to further enhance food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joelle K Salazar
- Division of Food Processing Science and Technology, U. S. Food and Drug Administration, Bedford Park, Illinois, USA.
| | - Megan L Fay
- Division of Food Processing Science and Technology, U. S. Food and Drug Administration, Bedford Park, Illinois, USA
| | - Bashayer A Khouja
- Division of Food Processing Science and Technology, U. S. Food and Drug Administration, Bedford Park, Illinois, USA
| | - Madhuri Mate
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Bedford Park, Illinois, USA
| | - Xinyi Zhou
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Bedford Park, Illinois, USA
| | - Pravalika Lingareddygari
- Division of Food Processing Science and Technology, U. S. Food and Drug Administration, Bedford Park, Illinois, USA
| | - Girvin Liggans
- Office of Food Safety, U. S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA
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2
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Urzúa-Encina C, Fernández-Sanhueza B, Pavez-Muñoz E, Ramírez-Toloza G, Lujan-Tomazic M, Rodríguez AE, Alegría-Morán R. Epidemiological Characterization of Isolates of Salmonella enterica and Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli from Backyard Production System Animals in the Valparaíso and Metropolitana Regions. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2444. [PMID: 37570253 PMCID: PMC10417532 DOI: 10.3390/ani13152444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Backyard production systems (BPS) are distributed worldwide, rearing animals recognized as reservoirs of Salmonella enterica and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), both zoonotic pathogens. The aim of this study was to characterize isolates of both pathogens obtained from animals raised in BPS from two central Chile regions. The presence of pathogens was determined by bacterial culture and confirmatory PCR for each sampled BPS, calculating positivity rates. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine risk factors. Additionally, phenotypic antimicrobial resistance was determined. A positivity rate of 2.88% for S. enterica and 14.39% for STEC was determined for the complete study region (Valparaíso and Metropolitana regions). Risk factor analysis suggests that the presence of ruminants (OR = 1.03; 95% CI = 1.002-1.075) increases the risk of STEC-positive BPS, and the presence of ruminants (OR = 1.05; 95% CI = 1.002-1.075) and the animal handlers being exclusively women (OR = 3.54; 95% CI = 1.029-12.193) increase the risk for S. enterica/STEC positivity. Eighty percent of S. enterica isolates were multidrug resistant, and all STEC were resistant to Cephalexin. This study evidences the circulation of multidrug-resistant zoonotic bacterial strains in animals kept in BPS and the presence of factors that modify the risk of BPS positivity for both pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanza Urzúa-Encina
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (C.U.-E.); (B.F.-S.); (E.P.-M.); (G.R.-T.)
- Laboratorio Centralizado de Investigación Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago 8820808, Chile
| | - Bastián Fernández-Sanhueza
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (C.U.-E.); (B.F.-S.); (E.P.-M.); (G.R.-T.)
- Laboratorio Centralizado de Investigación Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago 8820808, Chile
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Sede Santiago, Facultad de Recursos Naturales y Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Santo Tomás, Ejercito Libertador 146, Santiago 8370003, Chile
| | - Erika Pavez-Muñoz
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (C.U.-E.); (B.F.-S.); (E.P.-M.); (G.R.-T.)
- Laboratorio Centralizado de Investigación Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago 8820808, Chile
| | - Galia Ramírez-Toloza
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (C.U.-E.); (B.F.-S.); (E.P.-M.); (G.R.-T.)
- Laboratorio Centralizado de Investigación Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago 8820808, Chile
| | - Mariela Lujan-Tomazic
- Instituto de Patobiología Veterinaria, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologías Agropecuarias, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Av. de los Reseros y Nicolás Repetto s/n, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires 1686, Argentina; (M.L.-T.); (A.E.R.)
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Junín 954, Buenos Aires C1113 AAD, Argentina
| | - Anabel Elisa Rodríguez
- Instituto de Patobiología Veterinaria, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologías Agropecuarias, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Av. de los Reseros y Nicolás Repetto s/n, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires 1686, Argentina; (M.L.-T.); (A.E.R.)
| | - Raúl Alegría-Morán
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Sede Santiago, Facultad de Recursos Naturales y Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Santo Tomás, Ejercito Libertador 146, Santiago 8370003, Chile
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3
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Osaili TM, Hasan F, Al-Nabulsi AA, Olaimat AN, Ayyash M, Obaid RS, Holley R. A worldwide review of illness outbreaks involving mixed salads/dressings and factors influencing product safety and shelf life. Food Microbiol 2023; 112:104238. [PMID: 36906321 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2023.104238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
The trends toward healthy living, vegetarianism, and busy schedules have increased salad popularity. Salads are usually consumed raw without any thermal treatment, and therefore, without proper care they can become major vehicles for foodborne illness outbreaks. This review examines the microbial quality of 'dressed' salads which contain two or more vegetables/fruits and salad dressings. The possible sources of ingredient contamination, recorded illnesses/outbreaks, and overall microbial quality observed worldwide, besides the antimicrobial treatments available are discussed in detail. Noroviruses were most frequently implicated in outbreaks. Salad dressings usually play a positive role in influencing microbial quality. However, this depends on several factors like the type of contaminating microorganism, storage temperature, dressing pH and ingredients, plus the type of salad vegetable. Very limited literature exists on antimicrobial treatments that can be used successfully with salad dressings and 'dressed' salads. The challenge with antimicrobial treatments is to find ones sufficiently broad in spectrum, compatible with produce flavour which can be applied at competitive cost. It is evident that renewed emphasis on prevention of produce contamination at the producer, processor, wholesale and retail levels plus enhanced hygiene vigilance at foodservice will have a major impact on reducing the risk of foodborne illnesses from salads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tareq M Osaili
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, The University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, P. O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan.
| | - Fayeza Hasan
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, P. O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anas A Al-Nabulsi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Amin N Olaimat
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Mutamed Ayyash
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture & Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), United Arab Emirates
| | - Reyad S Obaid
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, The University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, P. O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Richard Holley
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
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Baran A, Adigüzel MC, Aydin H. Microbiological quality of ready–to–eat vegetables salads served at meat restaurants under the COVID-19 in Turkey. REVISTA CIENTÍFICA DE LA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS VETERINARIAS 2022. [DOI: 10.52973/rcfcv-e32171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In Turkish cuisine, ready–to–eat vegetable salads (REVS) served with pide/lahmacun, kebab types, and tantuni from animal source in meat restaurants were evaluated since they have the potential to carry risks in terms of Public Health. The microbiological properties of REVS were investigated using agar plate method. Antimicrobial resistance of foodborne pathogens including Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was tested using Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method. Moreover, the presence of important enteric viruses was detected by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The number of total aerobic bacteria, coliform bacteria, yeast and molds and, Staphylococcus and Micrococcus spp. ranged from less than 1 to 6.40, 1 to 6.26, less than 1–5.82 and less than 1–5.66 log10 colony forming units·grams-1 (CFU·g–1) in REVS samples, respectively. None of the REVS tested in this study contained Salmonella spp., whereas E. coli and S. aureus were isolated in 38.1% (16/42) and 2.4% (1/42), respectively. S. aureus was resistant to gentamicin, kanamycin, aztreonam, and ciprofloxacin in the disc diffusion assay, however, it was not harboring the mecA gene. E. coli strains (n=16) were resistant (100%) to aminoglycoside antibiotics and 35.7% (6/16) of the isolates were extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producing. blaTEM and blaCTXM8/25 were detected in two isolates, whereas one isolate carried blaCTXM–1 and blaTEM together by PCR. Of the REVS, two were evaluated as positive for rotavirus (4.8%), six for hepatitis A (14%), and hepatitis E virus (14%). These results indicate the high microorganism load, presence of ESBL E. coli, and viral enteric pathogens in REVS, hence it is important to perform routine hygiene practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alper Baran
- Atatürk University, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Department of Food Quality Control and Analysis. Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Cemal Adigüzel
- Atatürk University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Microbiology. Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Hakan Aydin
- Atatürk University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology. Erzurum, Turkey
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5
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Microbial and Parasitic Contamination of Vegetables in Developing Countries and Their Food Safety Guidelines. J FOOD QUALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/4141914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The safety of humans is of paramount importance in the vegetable production chain. Evidence of microbial and parasitic contamination of these products poses a great threat to consumers. This is an emerging issue the world is battling, and it is still in the process of unravelling. However, one of the contributing factors responsible for the rapid spread of these pathogens to millions of people among other factors is the distribution of food in our food systems. The purpose of this study was to draw the attention of producers, retailers, consumers, and various stakeholders to the occurrence and potential hazard of these organisms, their contamination origin, and food safety protocols. Among the food system, vegetables play a major role, and their consumption has increased as they form a larger portion of daily diets. This urge for healthy diets coupled with changing dietary habits and human population explosion has therefore accelerated their production. This has resulted in parasitic and microbial contamination gaining grounds in salad vegetables, and as such, a wide range of microbes such as Escherichia coli O157: H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., Shigella, and Staphylococcus, and parasites such as Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba coli, Entamoeba histolytica, Cystoisospora belli, Toxoplasma gondii, Trichuris trichiura, and Ascaris lumbricoides have been isolated from them. Therefore, major routes for salad vegetable contamination and prevention methods have been pointed out in this review article. The topic of protective countermeasures will also be covered here in this review. Notwithstanding, several control measures have been reported to be effective and efficient in removing or eliminating pathogens, including treatment of irrigation water and fertilizers, use of disinfectants like vinegar and saltwater, irradiation, ozone, and bacteriophages. Though consumption of vegetables and salads is encouraged due to their nutritional advantage, appropriate systems should be put in place to ensure their safety.
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6
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Beshiru A, Okoh AI, Igbinosa EO. Processed ready-to-eat (RTE) foods sold in Yenagoa Nigeria were colonized by diarrheagenic Escherichia coli which constitute a probable hazard to human health. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266059. [PMID: 35381048 PMCID: PMC8982850 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to recover diarrheagenic Escherichia coli strains from processed ready-to-eat (RTE) foods in Yenagoa, Nigeria and characterize them using culture-based and molecular methods. Three hundred RTE food samples were collected randomly from different food outlets between February 2021 and August 2021 and assessed for the occurrence of E. coli using standard bacteriological procedures. The virulence factor formation and antibiotic susceptibility profile of the isolates was carried out using standard microbiological procedures. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to confirm the identity of the isolates via specific primers and further used to assay the diarrheagenic determinants of the E. coli isolates. The prevalence of E. coli positive samples based on the proliferation of E. coli on Chromocult coliform agar forming purple to violet colonies was 80(26.7%). The population density of E. coli from the RTE foods ranged from 0–4.3 × 104 ± 1.47 CFU/g. The recovered E. coli isolates (n = 62) were resistant to antibiotics in different proportions such as ampicillin 62(100%), aztreonam 47(75.81%) and chloramphenicol 43(69.35%). All the recovered E. coli isolates were resistant to ≥ 2 antibiotics. The multiple antibiotic-resistant index (MARI) ranged from 0.13–0.94 with 47(75.8%) of isolates having MARI >2. A total of 48(77.4%) of the isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR). The proportion of extracellular virulence factor formation is as follows: protease 12(19.35%), curli 39(62.9%), cellulose 21(33.89%), ornithine decarboxylase 19(30.65%) and aesculin hydrolysis 14(22.58%). The overall proportion of diarrheagenic E. coli was 33/62(53.2%). The distributions of typical diarrheagenic E. coli includes: tETEC 9(14.5%), tEPEC 13(20.9%), tEAEC 6(9.7%), tEIEC 2(3.2%) and tEHEC 3(4.8%). The proportions of atypical strains include aETEC 10(16.1%), aEAEC 5(8.1%), aEPEC 1(1.6%) and aEIEC 3(4.8%). This study demonstrated that some RTE foods sold in Yenagoa, Nigeria, are contaminated and constitute a probable human health hazard. Thus, there is a need for intensive surveillance of this isolate in RTE foods variety to spot evolving AMR phenotypes and avert food-borne infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeni Beshiru
- Applied Microbial Processes & Environmental Health Research Group, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
- Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study (STIAS), Wallenberg Research Centre at Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Anthony I. Okoh
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
| | - Etinosa O. Igbinosa
- Applied Microbial Processes & Environmental Health Research Group, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
- Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study (STIAS), Wallenberg Research Centre at Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
- * E-mail:
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7
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Occurrence, pathotypes, and antimicrobial resistance profiles of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli strains in animal source food products from public markets in Mashhad, Iran. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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8
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Finger JAFF, Maffei DF, Dias M, Mendes MA, Pinto UM. Microbiological quality and safety of minimally processed parsley (Petroselinum crispum) sold in food markets, southeastern Brazil. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 131:272-280. [PMID: 33211380 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study evaluated the microbiological quality and safety of minimally processed parsley sold in southeastern Brazilian food markets. METHODS AND RESULTS One hundred samples were submitted to the enumeration of Enterobacteriaceae by plating on MacConkey agar. Colonies of Enterobacteriaceae were randomly selected and identified by MALDI-TOF MS. Samples were also tested for Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella sp. The mean count of Enterobacteriaceae was 6·0 ± 1·0 log CFU per gram, while 18 genera (including 30 species) of bacteria belonging to this family were identified. Salmonella and L. monocytogenes were not detected, while L. innocua was found in two samples and L. fleischmannii was found in one sample. Moreover generic Escherichia coli was found in three samples, all from different brands of minimally processed parsley. CONCLUSIONS Even though microbial pathogens were not isolated, a variety of indicator micro-organisms were identified, including vegetable spoilers and species capable of causing human opportunistic infections. These results suggest hygienic failures and/or lack of temperature control during processing and storage of these ready-to-eat products. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY This study highlights the need for control measures during the production chain of minimally processed parsley in order to reduce microbial contamination and the risks of foodborne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A F F Finger
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Food Research Center (FoRC-CEPID), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - D F Maffei
- Food Research Center (FoRC-CEPID), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Department of Agri-food Industry, Food and Nutrition, Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - M Dias
- Dempster MS Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - M A Mendes
- Dempster MS Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - U M Pinto
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Food Research Center (FoRC-CEPID), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Sant'Anna PB, de Melo Franco BD, Maffei DF. Microbiological safety of ready-to-eat minimally processed vegetables in Brazil: an overview. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:4664-4670. [PMID: 32329100 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The market of ready-to-eat minimally processed vegetables (RTE-MPV) is increasing in Brazil and many other countries. During processing, these vegetables go through several steps that modify their natural structure while maintaining the same nutritional and sensory attributes as the fresh produce. One of the most important steps is washing-disinfection, which aims to reduce the microbial load, prevent cross-contamination and inactivate pathogenic microorganisms that may be present. Nonetheless, the presence of pathogens and occurrence of foodborne illnesses associated with consumption of RTE-MPV concern consumers, governments and the food industry. This review brings an overview on the microbiological safety of RTE-MPV, focusing on Brazilian findings. Most of the published data are on detection of Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes, indicating that their prevalence may range from 0.4% to 12.5% and from 0.6% to 3.1%, respectively. The presence of these pathogens in fresh produce is unacceptable and risky, mainly in RTE-MPV, because consumers expect them to be clean and sanitized and consequently safe for consumption without any additional care. Therefore, proper control during the production of RTE-MPV is mandatory to guarantee products with quality and safety to consumers. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro B Sant'Anna
- Department of Biological Sciences, 'Luiz de Queiroz' College of Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Bernadette Dg de Melo Franco
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Food Research Center (FoRC-CEPID), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniele F Maffei
- Food Research Center (FoRC-CEPID), Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Agri-food Industry, Food and Nutrition, 'Luiz de Queiroz' College of Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
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10
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Santos T, Campos F, Padovani N, Dias M, Mendes M, Maffei D. Assessment of the microbiological quality and safety of minimally processed vegetables sold in Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. Lett Appl Microbiol 2020; 71:187-194. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.13305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T.S. Santos
- Department of Agri‐food Industry, Food and Nutrition, “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture University of Sao Paulo Piracicaba SP Brazil
| | - F.B. Campos
- Department of Agri‐food Industry, Food and Nutrition, “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture University of Sao Paulo Piracicaba SP Brazil
| | - N.F.A. Padovani
- Department of Agri‐food Industry, Food and Nutrition, “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture University of Sao Paulo Piracicaba SP Brazil
| | - M. Dias
- Dempster MS Lab Department of Chemical Engineering Polytechnic School University of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo SP Brazil
| | - M.A. Mendes
- Dempster MS Lab Department of Chemical Engineering Polytechnic School University of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo SP Brazil
| | - D.F. Maffei
- Department of Agri‐food Industry, Food and Nutrition, “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture University of Sao Paulo Piracicaba SP Brazil
- Food Research Center (FoRC‐CEPID) Sao Paulo SP Brazil
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11
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Godínez-Oviedo A, Tamplin ML, Bowman JP, Hernández-Iturriaga M. Salmonella entericain Mexico 2000–2017: Epidemiology, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Prevalence in Food. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2020; 17:98-118. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2019.2627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Godínez-Oviedo
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado de Alimentos (DIPA), Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, México
| | - Mark L. Tamplin
- Food Safety and Innovation Centre, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - John P. Bowman
- Food Safety and Innovation Centre, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Montserrat Hernández-Iturriaga
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado de Alimentos (DIPA), Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, México
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12
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Corzo-Ariyama HA, García-Heredia A, Heredia N, García S, León J, Jaykus L, Solís-Soto L. Phylogroups, pathotypes, biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli isolates in farms and packing facilities of tomato, jalapeño pepper and cantaloupe from Northern Mexico. Int J Food Microbiol 2019; 290:96-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Zhang S, Yang G, Huang Y, Zhang J, Cui L, Wu Q. Prevalence and Characterization of Atypical Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Isolated from Retail Foods in China. J Food Prot 2018; 81:1761-1767. [PMID: 30277802 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (aEPEC) is an emerging pathogen that has been implicated in outbreaks of diarrhea worldwide. The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence of aEPEC in retail foods at markets in the People's Republic of China and to characterize the isolates for virulence genes, intimin gene ( eae) subtypes, multilocus sequence types (STs), and antimicrobial susceptibility. From May 2014 to April 2015, 1,200 food samples were collected from retail markets in China, and 41 aEPEC isolates were detected in 2.75% (33 of 1,200) of the food samples. The virulence genes tir, katP, etpD, efa/lifA, ent, nleB, and nleE were commonly detected in these isolates. Nine eae subtypes were detected in the isolates, among which θ (23 isolates) and β1 (6 isolates) were the most prevalent. The 41 isolates were divided into 27 STs by multilocus sequence typing. ST752 and ST10 were the most prevalent. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed high resistance among isolates to streptomycin (87.80%), cephalothin (73.16%), ampicillin (51.22%), tetracycline (63.42%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (43.90%), and kanamycin (43.90%). Thirty isolates (73.17%) were resistant to at least three antibiotics, and 20 (53.66 %) were resistant to five or more antibiotics. Our results suggest that retail foods in markets are important sources of aEPEC. The presence of virulent and multidrug-resistant aEPEC in retail foods poses a potential threat to consumers. Surveillance of aEPEC contamination and prudent use of antibiotics is strongly recommended in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhong Zhang
- 1 College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road No. 483, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China.,2 Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Xianlie Middle Road No. 100, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510070, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangzhu Yang
- 2 Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Xianlie Middle Road No. 100, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanbin Huang
- 2 Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Xianlie Middle Road No. 100, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- 2 Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Xianlie Middle Road No. 100, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510070, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihua Cui
- 1 College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road No. 483, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingping Wu
- 2 Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Xianlie Middle Road No. 100, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510070, People's Republic of China
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Rangel-Vargas E, Luna-Rojo AM, Cadena-Ramírez A, Torres-Vitela R, Gómez-Aldapa CA, Villarruel-López A, Téllez-Jurado A, Villagómez-Ibarra JR, Reynoso-Camacho R, Castro-Rosas J. Behavior of 11 Foodborne Bacteria on Whole and Cut Mangoes var. Ataulfo and Kent and Antibacterial Activities of Hibiscus sabdariffa Extracts and Chemical Sanitizers Directly onto Mangoes Contaminated with Foodborne Bacteria. J Food Prot 2018; 81:743-753. [PMID: 29620488 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-17-258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The behavior of foodborne bacteria on whole and cut mangoes and the antibacterial effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx extracts and chemical sanitizers against foodborne bacteria on contaminated mangoes were investigated. Mangoes var. Ataulfo and Kent were used in the study. Mangoes were inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes, Shigella flexneri, Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Typhi, Salmonella Montevideo, Escherichia coli strains (O157:H7, non-O157:H7 Shiga toxin-producing, enteropathogenic, enterotoxigenic, enteroinvasive, and enteroaggregative). The antibacterial effect of five roselle calyx extracts (water, ethanol, methanol, acetone, and ethyl acetate), sodium hypochlorite, colloidal silver, and acetic acid against foodborne bacteria were evaluated on contaminated mangoes. The dry extracts obtained with ethanol, methanol, acetone, and ethyl acetate were analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to determine solvent residues. Separately, contaminated whole mangoes were immersed in five hibiscus extracts and in sanitizers for 5 min. All foodborne bacteria attached to mangoes. After 20 days at 25 ± 2°C, all foodborne bacterial strains on whole Ataulfo mangoes had decreased by approximately 2.5 log, and on Kent mangoes by approximately 2 log; at 3 ± 2°C, they had decreased to approximately 1.9 and 1.5 log, respectively, on Ataulfo and Kent. All foodborne bacterial strains grew on cut mangoes at 25 ± 2°C; however, at 3 ± 2°C, bacterial growth was inhibited. Residual solvents were not detected in any of the dry extracts by nuclear magnetic resonance. Acetonic, ethanolic, and methanolic roselle calyx extracts caused a greater reduction in concentration (2 to 2.6 log CFU/g) of all foodborne bacteria on contaminated whole mangoes than the sodium hypochlorite, colloidal silver, and acetic acid. Dry roselle calyx extracts may be a potentially useful addition to disinfection procedures of mangoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmeralda Rangel-Vargas
- 1 Área Académica de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, C.P. 42184, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Anais M Luna-Rojo
- 1 Área Académica de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, C.P. 42184, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Arturo Cadena-Ramírez
- 2 Universidad Politécnica de Pachuca, Carretera Pachuca-Ciudad Sahagún Km. 20, Ex-Hacienda de Santa Bárbara, C.P. 43830, Zempoala, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Refugio Torres-Vitela
- 3 Laboratorio de Microbiología Sanitaria, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Marcelino García Barragán No. 1421, 44430, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Carlos A Gómez-Aldapa
- 1 Área Académica de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, C.P. 42184, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Angélica Villarruel-López
- 3 Laboratorio de Microbiología Sanitaria, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Marcelino García Barragán No. 1421, 44430, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Téllez-Jurado
- 2 Universidad Politécnica de Pachuca, Carretera Pachuca-Ciudad Sahagún Km. 20, Ex-Hacienda de Santa Bárbara, C.P. 43830, Zempoala, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - José R Villagómez-Ibarra
- 1 Área Académica de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, C.P. 42184, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | | | - Javier Castro-Rosas
- 1 Área Académica de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, C.P. 42184, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, Mexico
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15
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Gómez-Aldapa C, Torres-Vitela M, Rangel-Vargas E, Villaruel-López A, Santiesteban-López N, Cruz-Gálvez A, Castro-Rosas J. Comparison of the antimicrobial activities of roselle calyx extracts and chemical sanitizers directly onto contaminated cucumbers. QUALITY ASSURANCE AND SAFETY OF CROPS & FOODS 2018. [DOI: 10.3920/qas2016.1006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C.A. Gómez-Aldapa
- Área Académica de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, C.P. 42184, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - M.R. Torres-Vitela
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Sanitaria, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Marcelino García Barragán No. 1421, 44430, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - E. Rangel-Vargas
- Área Académica de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, C.P. 42184, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - A. Villaruel-López
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Sanitaria, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Marcelino García Barragán No. 1421, 44430, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - N.A. Santiesteban-López
- Facultad de Administración. Benemérita, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla. Edificio ‘J’ Av. San Claudio y 20 Sur Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla, Mexico
| | - A.M. Cruz-Gálvez
- Área Académica de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, C.P. 42184, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - J. Castro-Rosas
- Área Académica de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, C.P. 42184, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, Mexico
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16
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Gómez-Aldapa CA, Rangel-Vargas E, Torres-Vitela MR, Villarruel-López A, Acevedo-Sandoval OA, Gordillo-Martínez AJ, Godínez-Oviedo A, Castro-Rosas J. Antibacterial Activities of Hibiscus sabdariffa Extracts and Chemical Sanitizers Directly on Green Leaves Contaminated with Foodborne Pathogens. J Food Prot 2018; 81:209-217. [PMID: 29320233 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-17-053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Leafy greens have been associated with foodborne disease outbreaks in different countries. To decrease microbial contamination of leafy greens, chemical agents are commonly used; however, a number of studies have shown these agents to have limited antimicrobial effect against pathogenic bacteria on vegetables. The objective of this study was to compare the antibacterial effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx extracts (water, methanol, acetone, and ethyl acetate), sodium hypochlorite, acetic acid, and colloidal silver against foodborne bacteria on leafy greens. Thirteen foodborne bacteria were used in the study: Listeria monocytogenes, Shigella flexneri, Salmonella serotypes Typhimurium Typhi, and Montevideo, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli O157:H7, five E. coli pathotypes (Shiga toxin-producing, enteropathogenic, enterotoxigenic, enteroinvasive, and enteroaggregative), and Vibrio cholerae O1. Each foodborne bacterium was separately inoculated on romaine lettuce, spinach, and coriander leaves. Separately, contaminated leafy greens were immersed in four hibiscus extracts and in sanitizers for 5 min. Next, green leaves were washed with sterile tap water. Separately, each green leaf was placed in a bag that contained 0.1% sterile peptone water and was rubbed for 2 min. Counts were done by plate count using appropriate dilutions (in sterile peptone water) of the bacterial suspensions spread on Trypticase soy agar plates and incubated at 35 ± 2°C for 48 h. Statistically significant differences ( P < 0.05) were calculated with an analysis of variance and Duncan's test. All 13 foodborne bacteria attached to leafy greens. Roselle calyx extracts caused a significantly greater reduction ( P < 0.05) in concentration of all foodborne bacteria on contaminated romaine lettuce, spinach, and coriander than did the sodium hypochlorite, colloidal silver, and acetic acid. Dry roselle calyx extracts may potentially be a useful addition to disinfection procedures for romaine lettuce, spinach, and coriander.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Gómez-Aldapa
- 1 Área Académica de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo (UAEH), Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo kilometro 4.5, 42183 Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, México
| | - Esmeralda Rangel-Vargas
- 1 Área Académica de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo (UAEH), Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo kilometro 4.5, 42183 Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, México
| | - Ma Refugio Torres-Vitela
- 2 Laboratorio de Microbiología Sanitaria, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Marcelino García Barragán no. 1421, 44430, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México; and
| | - Angélica Villarruel-López
- 2 Laboratorio de Microbiología Sanitaria, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Marcelino García Barragán no. 1421, 44430, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México; and
| | - Otilio A Acevedo-Sandoval
- 3 Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Rancho Universitario, UAEH, Avenida Universidad kilometro 1, Ex Hacienda Aquetzalpa, Apartado Postal no. 32, Tulancingo, Hidalgo, México
| | - Alberto J Gordillo-Martínez
- 1 Área Académica de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo (UAEH), Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo kilometro 4.5, 42183 Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, México
| | - Angélica Godínez-Oviedo
- 3 Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Rancho Universitario, UAEH, Avenida Universidad kilometro 1, Ex Hacienda Aquetzalpa, Apartado Postal no. 32, Tulancingo, Hidalgo, México
| | - Javier Castro-Rosas
- 1 Área Académica de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo (UAEH), Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo kilometro 4.5, 42183 Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, México
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Correia LBN, Possebon FS, Yamatogi RS, Pantoja JCDF, Martins OA, Amaral GP, Biondi GF. Microbiological profile of different types of salads from hospital kitchens. ARQUIVOS DO INSTITUTO BIOLÓGICO 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1808-1657000792015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT: The objective of this work was to verify the microbiological profile of different types of salads from hospital kitchens. During the period from 2010 to 2014, the Public Food Guidance Service (SOAP) received 641 samples of salads from two public hospitals in the Central West region of the São Paulo state, where they were submitted to microbiological analysis in order to determine the most probable number (MPN) of coliforms at 35 and 45ºC, carry out Salmonella spp. study and coagulase-positive staphylococci count. The results showed that in 30.56% of samples the coliform count at 35ºC was above 1,100 MPN/g and 12.17% of samples presented coliforms at 45ºC above 100 MPN/g, which is the maximum limit established by Brazilian law. The prevalence of contaminated samples among those without heat treatment was at 97.44%, and for samples with heat treatment the prevalence was at 2.56% for both cooked and braised foods. All samples were negative for Salmonella spp. presence and showed coagulase-positive staphylococci count at < 1.0 × 102 UFC/g. Although no pathogenic agents were found, the high count for indicator microorganisms in a large number of samples suggests that the practices of obtaining and manipulating these foods are inadequate, facilitating the risk of contamination with pathogens, including other agents not included in this research. Thus, food and nutrition units must pay attention to food preparation procedures, especially since these meals are served to indoor patients.
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Antimicrobial resistance in diarrheagenic Escherichia coli from ready-to-eat foods. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2017; 54:3612-3619. [PMID: 29051656 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-017-2820-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Certain subgroups of Escherichia coli have congenital or acquired virulence properties that allow them to cause a wide spectrum of disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of diarrheagenic E. coli strains in ready-to-eat (RTE) foods produced in institutional, commercial and hotel restaurants in Salvador, Brazil. The presence of virulent isolates and antimicrobial resistance were evaluated. Four hundred forty-six samples were collected and grouped into cereals and vegetables, meat-based preparations, cooked salads, raw salads, garnishes, soups and sauces, desserts and juices. E. coli were detected using the most probable number method, the presence of virulence factors in isolates was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, and antibiotic resistance was analyzed using the disc diffusion method. In total, 15 isolates (3.1%) of E. coli were recovered; raw salads had the highest detection rate, 1.4%, followed by cooked salads, 0.8%; meat-based preparations, 0.4%; and cereals and vegetables, 0.4%. PCR assays showed that none of the isolates had the virulence genes cnf1, cnf2, eae, sta, lt1, stx1, stx2 or cdtB. The isolates showed resistance to nine antibiotics of the 15 tested, and the highest levels of resistance were found for sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, tetracycline, ampicillin, and chloramphenicol (13.3% of isolates for each antibiotic). One isolate from cooked salad had plasmid-mediated multidrug resistance to tetracycline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, ampicillin and chloramphenicol. These results suggest that RTE foods, especially raw salads, can be reservoirs of E. coli and facilitate the spread of antibiotic resistance genes to the gastrointestinal microbiota of humans.
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Gómez-Aldapa CA, Gutiérrez-Alcántara EJ, Torres-Vitela MR, Rangel-Vargas E, Villarruel-López A, Castro-Rosas J. Prevalence and behavior of multidrug-resistant Salmonella strains on raw whole and cut nopalitos (Opuntia ficus-indica L.) and on nopalitos salads. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:4117-4123. [PMID: 28220491 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella in vegetables is a significant public health concern. Nopalito is a cactaceous that is commonly consumed either raw or cooked in Mexico and other countries. The presence of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella strains on raw whole nopalitos (RWN, without prickles), raw nopalitos cut into squares (RNCS) and in cooked nopalitos salads (CNS) samples was determined. In addition, the behavior of multidrug-resistant Salmonella isolates on RWN, RNCS and CNS at 25° ± 2 °C and 3° ± 2 °C was investigated. RESULTS One hundred samples of RWN, 100 of RNCS and 100 more of CNS were collected from public markets. Salmonella strains were isolated and identified in 30, 30 and 10% of the samples, respectively. Seventy multidrug-resistant Salmonella strains were isolated from all the nopalitos samples. Multidrug-resistant Salmonella isolates survived at least 15 days on RWN at 25° ± 2 °C or 3° ± 2 °C. Multidrug-resistant Salmonella isolates grew in the RNCS and CNS samples at 25° ± 2 °C. However, at 3° ± 2 °C the bacterial growth was inhibited. CONCLUSION This is the first report about multidrug-resistant Salmonella isolation from raw nopalitos and nopalitos salads. Nopalitos from markets are very likely to be an important factor contributing to the endemicity of multidrug-resistant Salmonella-related gastroenteritis in Mexico. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Gómez-Aldapa
- Área Académica de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Hidalgo, México
| | - Eduardo J Gutiérrez-Alcántara
- Área Académica de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Hidalgo, México
| | - M Refugio Torres-Vitela
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Sanitaria, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Esmeralda Rangel-Vargas
- Área Académica de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Hidalgo, México
| | - Angelica Villarruel-López
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Sanitaria, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Javier Castro-Rosas
- Área Académica de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Hidalgo, México
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Gómez‐Aldapa CA, Portillo‐Torres LA, Villagómez‐Ibarra JR, Rangel‐Vargas E, Téllez‐Jurado A, Cruz‐Gálvez AM, Castro‐Rosas J. Survival of foodborne bacteria on strawberries and antibacterial activities of
Hibiscus sabdariffa
extracts and chemical sanitizers on strawberries. J Food Saf 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A. Gómez‐Aldapa
- Área Académica de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo (UAEH)Carretera Pachuca‐Tulancingo Km. 4.5, C.P. 42183 Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo México
| | - Lizbeth A. Portillo‐Torres
- Área Académica de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo (UAEH)Carretera Pachuca‐Tulancingo Km. 4.5, C.P. 42183 Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo México
| | - José R. Villagómez‐Ibarra
- Área Académica de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo (UAEH)Carretera Pachuca‐Tulancingo Km. 4.5, C.P. 42183 Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo México
| | - Esmeralda Rangel‐Vargas
- Área Académica de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo (UAEH)Carretera Pachuca‐Tulancingo Km. 4.5, C.P. 42183 Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo México
| | - Alejandro Téllez‐Jurado
- Universidad Politécnica de PachucaCarretera Pachuca–Cd. Sahagún Km. 20, C.P. 43830, Rancho Luna, Ex‐Hacienda Santa Barbara, Zempoala, Hidalgo Mexico
| | - Andrés M. Cruz‐Gálvez
- Área Académica de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo (UAEH)Carretera Pachuca‐Tulancingo Km. 4.5, C.P. 42183 Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo México
- Universidad Politécnica de PachucaCarretera Pachuca–Cd. Sahagún Km. 20, C.P. 43830, Rancho Luna, Ex‐Hacienda Santa Barbara, Zempoala, Hidalgo Mexico
| | - Javier Castro‐Rosas
- Área Académica de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo (UAEH)Carretera Pachuca‐Tulancingo Km. 4.5, C.P. 42183 Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo México
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Rangel-Vargas E, Gómez-Aldapa CA, Falfan-Cortes RN, Rodríguez-Marín ML, Godínez-Oviedo A, Acevedo-Sandoval OA, Castro-Rosas J. Attachment of 13 Types of Foodborne Bacteria to Jalapeño and Serrano Peppers and Antibacterial Effect of Roselle Calyx Extracts, Sodium Hypochlorite, Colloidal Silver, and Acetic Acid against These Foodborne Bacteria on Peppers. J Food Prot 2017; 80:406-413. [PMID: 28199144 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Chili peppers are a very important crop in Mexico. However, these peppers have been associated with Salmonella infection outbreaks in the United States, and Salmonella and diarrheagenic Escherichia coli pathotypes have been isolated from jalapeño and serrano peppers in Mexico. To decrease microbial contamination of fruits and vegetables, chemical agents are commonly used; however, chemical agents used to eliminate pathogenic bacteria on vegetables have a limited antimicrobial effect. Roselle ( Hibiscus sabdariffa ) calyces have been reported to have an antimicrobial effect on pathogenic bacteria. In the present study, the antibacterial effect of four roselle calyx extracts (water, methanol, acetone, and ethyl acetate), sodium hypochlorite, colloidal silver, and acetic acid against foodborne bacteria was evaluated on contaminated jalapeño and serrano peppers. The 13 types of foodborne bacteria evaluated were Listeria monocytogenes , Shigella flexneri , Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Typhi, Salmonella Montevideo, Staphylococcus aureus , E. coli O157:H7, five E. coli pathotypes (Shiga toxin producing, enteropathogenic, enterotoxigenic, enteroinvasive, and enteroaggregative), and Vibrio cholerae O1. All 13 types attached to both pepper types, with no significant differences in attachment between jalapeño and serrano peppers. Roselle calyx extract treatment resulted in a greater reduction in levels of all foodborne bacteria than did treatment with sodium hypochlorite, colloidal silver, and acetic acid on both pepper types. Roselle calyx extracts may be a useful for disinfection of chili peppers in the field, processing plants, restaurants, and homes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmeralda Rangel-Vargas
- Área Académica de Químicas, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo km 4.5, 42183 Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, México
| | - Carlos A Gómez-Aldapa
- Área Académica de Químicas, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo km 4.5, 42183 Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, México
| | - Reyna N Falfan-Cortes
- Área Académica de Químicas, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo km 4.5, 42183 Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, México.,Catedrática CONACyT, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Av. Insurgentes Sur 1582, Col. Crédito Constructor, Del. Benito Juárez C.P. 03940, México, D.F. México
| | - María L Rodríguez-Marín
- Área Académica de Químicas, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo km 4.5, 42183 Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, México.,Catedrática CONACyT, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Av. Insurgentes Sur 1582, Col. Crédito Constructor, Del. Benito Juárez C.P. 03940, México, D.F. México
| | - Angélica Godínez-Oviedo
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Rancho Universitario, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Avenida Universidad km 1, Ex Hacienda Aquetzalpa, Apartado Postal 32, Tulancingo, Hidalgo, México
| | - Otilio A Acevedo-Sandoval
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Rancho Universitario, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Avenida Universidad km 1, Ex Hacienda Aquetzalpa, Apartado Postal 32, Tulancingo, Hidalgo, México
| | - Javier Castro-Rosas
- Área Académica de Químicas, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo km 4.5, 42183 Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, México
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22
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Gómez-Aldapa CA, Refugio Torres-Viela M, Amaya-Acosta MA, Rangel-Vargas E, Villaruel-López A, Castro-Rosas J. Behavior of thirteen foodborne bacteria on whole Hass avocado and potential of roselle calyx extracts as alternative disinfectant agents of avocado. J Food Saf 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A. Gómez-Aldapa
- Área Académica de Química; Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, C.P. 42184, Mineral de la Reforma; Hidalgo México
| | - Ma. Refugio Torres-Viela
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Sanitaria; Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Marcelino García Barragán No. 1421; Guadalajara Jalisco 44430 México
| | - Mariel A. Amaya-Acosta
- Área Académica de Química; Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, C.P. 42184, Mineral de la Reforma; Hidalgo México
| | - Esmeralda Rangel-Vargas
- Área Académica de Química; Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, C.P. 42184, Mineral de la Reforma; Hidalgo México
| | - Angélica Villaruel-López
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Sanitaria; Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Marcelino García Barragán No. 1421; Guadalajara Jalisco 44430 México
| | - Javier Castro-Rosas
- Área Académica de Química; Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, C.P. 42184, Mineral de la Reforma; Hidalgo México
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Microbiology of organic and conventionally grown fresh produce. Braz J Microbiol 2016; 47 Suppl 1:99-105. [PMID: 27825766 PMCID: PMC5156503 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fresh produce is a generalized term for a group of farm-produced crops, including fruits and vegetables. Organic agriculture has been on the rise and attracting the attention of the food production sector, since it uses eco-agricultural principles that are ostensibly environmentally-friendly and provides products potentially free from the residues of agrochemicals. Organic farming practices such as the use of animal manure can however increase the risk of contamination by enteric pathogenic microorganisms and may consequently pose health risks. A number of scientific studies conducted in different countries have compared the microbiological quality of produce samples from organic and conventional production and results are contradictory. While some have reported greater microbial counts in fresh produce from organic production, other studies do not. This manuscript provides a brief review of the current knowledge and summarizes data on the occurrence of pathogenic microorganisms in vegetables from organic production.
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Rangel-Vargas E, Gutiérrez-Alcántara EJ, Gómez-Aldapa CA, Falfán-Cortés RN, Segovia-Cruz JA, Salas-Rangel LP, Castro-Rosas J. Antibacterial activity of roselle calyx extracts, sodium hypochlorite, colloidal silver and acetic acid against multidrug-resistant salmonella
serotypes isolated from coriander. J Food Saf 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esmeralda Rangel-Vargas
- Área Académica de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo; Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, C.P. 42183 Mineral de la Reforma Hidalgo México
| | - Eduardo J. Gutiérrez-Alcántara
- Área Académica de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo; Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, C.P. 42183 Mineral de la Reforma Hidalgo México
| | - Carlos A. Gómez-Aldapa
- Área Académica de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo; Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, C.P. 42183 Mineral de la Reforma Hidalgo México
| | - Reyna N. Falfán-Cortés
- Área Académica de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo; Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, C.P. 42183 Mineral de la Reforma Hidalgo México
- Catedrática CONACyT, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología; Av. Insurgentes Sur 1582, Col. Crédito Constructor, Del. Benito Juárez C.P. 03940 México, D.F México
| | - Jesús A. Segovia-Cruz
- Área Académica de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo; Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, C.P. 42183 Mineral de la Reforma Hidalgo México
| | - Laura P. Salas-Rangel
- Departamento de Microbiología; Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas-IPN; Prolongación Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas México D.F 11340 México
| | - Javier Castro-Rosas
- Área Académica de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo; Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, C.P. 42183 Mineral de la Reforma Hidalgo México
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25
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Dhaka P, Vijay D, Vergis J, Negi M, Kumar M, Mohan V, Doijad S, Poharkar KV, Malik SS, Barbuddhe SB, Rawool DB. Genetic diversity and antibiogram profile of diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli pathotypes isolated from human, animal, foods and associated environmental sources. Infect Ecol Epidemiol 2016; 6:31055. [PMID: 27197617 PMCID: PMC4873563 DOI: 10.3402/iee.v6.31055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Infectious diarrhoea particularly due to pathogenic bacteria is a major health problem in developing countries, including India. Despite significant reports of diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) pathotypes around the globe, studies which address genetic relatedness, antibiogram profile and their correlation with respect to their isolation from different sources are sparse. The present study determines isolation and identification of DEC pathotypes from different sources, their genetic characterisation, antibiogram profile and their correlation if any. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 336 samples comprising diarrhoeic stool samples from infants (n=103), young animal (n=106), foods (n=68) and associated environmental sources (n=59) were collected from Bareilly region of India. All the samples were screened by using standard microbiological methods for the detection of E. coli. The identified E. coli were then confirmed as DEC pathotypes using polymerase chain reaction-based assays. Those DEC pathotypes identified as Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) were further confirmed using HEp-2 adherence assay. All the isolated DEC pathotypes were studied for their genetic diversity using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by using disc diffusion method as per Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Of the four DEC pathotypes investigated, EAEC was found to be the predominant pathogen with an isolation rate of 16.5% from infants, 17.9% from young animals, 16.2% from foods and 3.4% from the associated environmental sources. These EAEC isolates, on further characterisation, revealed predominance of 'atypical' EAEC, with an isolation rate of 10.7% from infants, 15.1% from young animals, 16.2% from foods, and 3.4% from the associated environmental sources. On PFGE analysis, discrimination was evident within DEC pathotypes as 52 unique pulsotypes were observed for 59 recovered DEC pathotypes. However, a few EAEC isolates were found to be clonal (clusters A, B, C, D, F, G, and H) irrespective of their source of isolation, suggests sharing and/or circulation among different sources. Further, a high antibiotic resistance pattern was observed among isolated DEC pathotypes as almost 86.4% of isolates were found to be resistant against ≥3 tested drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Dhaka
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Deepthi Vijay
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jess Vergis
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mamta Negi
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manesh Kumar
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vysakh Mohan
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | | | - Satyaveer Singh Malik
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Deepak B Rawool
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India;
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26
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Gutiérrez-Alcántara EJ, Gómez-Aldapa CA, Román-Gutiérrez AD, Rangel-Vargas E, González-Olivares LG, Castro-Rosas J. Antimicrobial Activity of Roselle Hibiscus Sabdariffa
Calyx Extracts on Culture Media and Carrots Against Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella
Strains Isolated from Raw Carrots. J Food Saf 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo J. Gutiérrez-Alcántara
- Área Académica de Químicas, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo (UAEH); Hidalgo Mexico
- Student in Environmental Science Program, Área Académica de Química; Instituto de Ciencias Básica e Ingeniería, UAEH; Hidalgo México
| | - Carlos A. Gómez-Aldapa
- Área Académica de Químicas, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo (UAEH); Hidalgo Mexico
| | - Alma D. Román-Gutiérrez
- Área Académica de Químicas, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo (UAEH); Hidalgo Mexico
| | - Esmeralda Rangel-Vargas
- Área Académica de Químicas, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo (UAEH); Hidalgo Mexico
| | - Luis G. González-Olivares
- Área Académica de Químicas, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo (UAEH); Hidalgo Mexico
| | - Javier Castro-Rosas
- Área Académica de Químicas, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo (UAEH); Hidalgo Mexico
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Fusco V, Besten HMWD, Logrieco AF, Rodriguez FP, Skandamis PN, Stessl B, Teixeira P. Food safety aspects on ethnic foods: toxicological and microbial risks. Curr Opin Food Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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28
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Zhang S, Wu Q, Zhang J, Zhu X. Occurrence and Characterization of Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) in Retail Ready-to-Eat Foods in China. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2015; 13:49-55. [PMID: 26575469 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2015.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is an important foodborne pathogen that potentially causes infant and adult diarrhea. The occurrence and characteristics of EPEC in retail ready-to-eat (RTE) foods have not been thoroughly investigated in China. This study aimed to investigate EPEC occurrence in retail RTE foods sold in the markets of China and to characterize the isolated EPEC by serotyping, virulence gene analyses, antibiotic susceptibility test, and molecular typing based on enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR). From May 2012 to April 2013, 459 RTE food samples were collected from retail markets in 24 cities of China. E. coli in general, and EPEC specifically, were detected in 144 (31.4%) and 39 (8.5%) samples, respectively. Cold vegetable in sauce was the food type most frequently contaminated with EPEC (18.6%). Of 39 EPEC isolates, 38 were atypical EPEC (eae+) and 1 was typical EPEC (eae+bfpA+) by multiplex PCR assays. The virulence genes espA, espB, tir, and iha were detected in 12, 9, 2, and 1 of 39 isolates, respectively, while genes toxB, etpD, katP, and saa were not detected. O-antigen serotyping results showed that among 28 typeable isolates, the most common serotype was O119, followed by O26, O111, and O128. Many isolates were resistant to tetracycline (64.1%; 25/39), ampicillin (48.7%; 19/39), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (48.7%; 19/39). ERIC-PCR indicated high genetic diversity in EPEC strains, which classified 42 strains (39 isolates and 3 reference strains) into 32 different profiles with a discrimination index of 0.981. The findings of this study highlight the need for close surveillance of the RTE foods at the level of production, packaging, and storage to minimize risks of foodborne disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhong Zhang
- 1 Guangdong Institute of Microbiology , Guangzhou, China .,2 State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology , Guangzhou, South China.,3 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application , Guangzhou, China .,4 Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology , Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- 1 Guangdong Institute of Microbiology , Guangzhou, China .,2 State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology , Guangzhou, South China.,3 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application , Guangzhou, China .,4 Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology , Guangzhou, China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- 1 Guangdong Institute of Microbiology , Guangzhou, China .,2 State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology , Guangzhou, South China.,3 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application , Guangzhou, China .,4 Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology , Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuemei Zhu
- 1 Guangdong Institute of Microbiology , Guangzhou, China
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Gómez-Aldapa CA, Rangel-Vargas E, Gordillo-Martínez AJ, Castro-Rosas J. Behavior of shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, enteroinvasive E. coli, enteropathogenic E. coli and enterotoxigenic E. coli strains on whole and sliced jalapeño and serrano peppers. Food Microbiol 2014; 40:75-80. [PMID: 24549200 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The behavior of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) and non-O157 shiga toxin-producing E. coli (non-O157-STEC) on whole and slices of jalapeño and serrano peppers as well as in blended sauce at 25 ± 2 °C and 3 ± 2 °C was investigated. Chili peppers were collected from markets of Pachuca city, Hidalgo, Mexico. On whole serrano and jalapeño stored at 25 ± 2 °C or 3 ± 2 °C, no growth was observed for EPEC, ETEC, EIEC and non-O157-STEC rifampicin resistant strains. After twelve days at 25 ± 2 °C, on serrano peppers all diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes (DEP) strains had decreased by a total of approximately 3.7 log, whereas on jalapeño peppers the strains had decreased by approximately 2.8 log, and at 3 ± 2 °C they decreased to approximately 2.5 and 2.2 log respectively, on serrano and jalapeño. All E. coli pathotypes grew onto sliced chili peppers and in blended sauce: after 24 h at 25 ± 2 °C, all pathotypes had grown to approximately 3 and 4 log CFU on pepper slices and sauce, respectively. At 3 ± 2 °C the bacterial growth was inhibited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Gómez-Aldapa
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma, Hgo. C.P. 42183, Mexico
| | - Esmeralda Rangel-Vargas
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma, Hgo. C.P. 42183, Mexico
| | - Alberto J Gordillo-Martínez
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma, Hgo. C.P. 42183, Mexico
| | - Javier Castro-Rosas
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma, Hgo. C.P. 42183, Mexico.
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30
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Flow cytometry immunodetection and membrane integrity assessment of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ready-to-eat pasta salad during refrigerated storage. Int J Food Microbiol 2014; 168-169:47-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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31
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Behavior of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli, non-O157-shiga toxin-producing E. coli, enteroinvasive E. coli, enteropathogenic E. coli and enterotoxigenic E. coli strains on mung bean seeds and sprout. Int J Food Microbiol 2013; 166:364-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Gómez-Aldapa C, Torres-Vitela MDR, Acevedo-Sandoval O, Rangel-Vargas E, Villarruel-López A, Castro-Rosas J. Behaviour of four diarrheagenic Escherichia coli
pathotypes on carrots and in unpasteurized carrot juice. Lett Appl Microbiol 2013; 57:540-6. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.12145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C.A. Gómez-Aldapa
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas; Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería; Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo; Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo México
| | - M. del R. Torres-Vitela
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Sanitaria; Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías; Universidad de Guadalajara; Guadalajara, Jalisco México
| | - O.A. Acevedo-Sandoval
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias; Rancho Universitario; Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo; Tulancingo, Hidalgo México
| | - E. Rangel-Vargas
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas; Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería; Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo; Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo México
| | - A. Villarruel-López
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Sanitaria; Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías; Universidad de Guadalajara; Guadalajara, Jalisco México
| | - J. Castro-Rosas
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas; Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería; Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo; Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo México
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