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Dubey S, Diep DB, Evensen Ø, Munang’andu HM. Garvicin KS, a Broad-Spectrum Bacteriocin Protects Zebrafish Larvae against Lactococcus garvieae Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052833. [PMID: 35269976 PMCID: PMC8910950 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriocins are emerging as a viable alternative to antibiotics due to their ability to inhibit growth or kill antibiotic resistant pathogens. Herein, we evaluated the ability of the bacteriocin Garvicin KS (GarKS) produced by Lactococcus garvieae KS1546 isolated from cow milk to inhibit the growth of fish and foodborne bacterial pathogens. We found that GarKS inhibited the growth of five fish L. garvieae strains isolated from infected trout and eels. Among fish pathogens, GarKS inhibited the growth of Streptococcus agalactiae serotypes Ia and Ib, and Aeromonas hydrophila but did not inhibit the growth of Edwardsiella tarda. In addition, it inhibited the growth of A. salmonicida strain 6421 but not A. salmonicida strain 6422 and Yersinia ruckeri. There was no inhibition of three foodborne bacterial species, namely Salmonella enterica, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli. In vitro cytotoxicity tests using different GarKS concentrations showed that the highest concentration of 33 µg/mL exhibited low cytotoxicity, while concentrations ≤3.3 µg/mL had no cytotoxicity on CHSE-214 and RTG-2 cells. In vivo tests showed that zebrafish larvae treated with 33 µg/mL and 3.3 µg/mL GarKS prior to challenge had 53% and 48% survival, respectively, while concentrations ≤0.33 µg/mL were nonprotective. Altogether, these data show that GarKS has a broad inhibitory spectrum against Gram positive and negative bacteria and that it has potential applications as a therapeutic agent for a wide range of bacterial pathogens. Thus, future studies should include clinical trials to test the efficacy of GarKS against various bacterial pathogens in farmed fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Dubey
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1433 Ås, Norway; (S.D.); (Ø.E.)
- Department of Production Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Dzung B. Diep
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1433 Ås, Norway;
| | - Øystein Evensen
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1433 Ås, Norway; (S.D.); (Ø.E.)
| | - Hetron M. Munang’andu
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1433 Ås, Norway; (S.D.); (Ø.E.)
- Department of Production Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1433 Ås, Norway
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8049 Bodø, Norway
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +47-98-86-86-83
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Feng Y, Li M, Duan H, Li L, Ouyang P, Chen D, Geng Y, Huang X, Yang S, Yin L, Jiang J, Zhang X. Microbial analysis reveals the potential colonization of pathogens in the intestine of crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) in traditional aquaculture environments. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 224:112705. [PMID: 34454354 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The microbiota of the intestine produces a wide array of biologically active molecules and together act as a composite endocrine organ. Due to our limited understanding of bacterial communities in aquaculture ecosystems, it is necessary to evaluate the interactions between environmental and intestinal microbiota and the potential consequences of disease. This study taken the traditional P. clarkii culture in the Sichuan Basin as an example, and analyzed the relationships between the microbiota of the environment and host through microbial analysis and microbiological diagnosis. Our results showed that the bacterial abundance in sediment was greater than in water, followed by the intestine, and some of bacteria from the environment successfully selected to colonize the intestine. The bacterial composition in the intestines of diseased and healthy crayfish was significantly different. The bacteria that colonized and proliferated in the intestine had very low abundances in sediment and water. Two potential pathogens, Aeromonas veronii, and Citrobacter freundii, and two potential probiotics, Lactococcus garvieae and Exiguobacterium undae, were identified. Using multiple, real, and traditional P. clarkii aquaculture sites in the Sichuan Basin, this study revealed that the microbial communities of the environment and animal host did indeed interact. Furthermore, these results indicated that P. clarkii in a healthy status are capable of regulating which bacteria colonize their intestines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Minghao Li
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Huimin Duan
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Liangyu Li
- Institute of Fisheries Research, Chengdu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Ping Ouyang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Defang Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yi Geng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Shiyong Yang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Lizi Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Institute of Fisheries Research, Chengdu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China.
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