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Li Y, Dong L, Yin X, Wang X, Zhu X, Zheng P, Tang Y. CD47, a novel YAP target gene, contributes to hepatic stellate cell activation and liver fibrosis induced by high-fat diet. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31621. [PMID: 38831842 PMCID: PMC11145538 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) have been widely recognized as a primary source of pathological myofibroblasts, leading to the accumulation of extracellular matrix and liver fibrosis. CD47, a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on the surface of various cell types, has been implicated in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. However, the precise role of CD47 in HSC activation and the underlying regulatory mechanisms governing CD47 expression remain poorly understood. In this study, we employed single-cell RNA sequencing analysis to investigate CD47 expression in HSCs from mice subjected to a high-fat diet. CD47 silencing in HSCs markedly inhibited the expression of fibrotic genes and promoted apoptosis. Mechanistically, we found that Yes-associated protein (YAP) collaborates with TEAD4 to augment the transcriptional activation of CD47 by binding to its promoter region. Notably, disruption of the interaction between YAP and TEAD4 caused a substantial decrease in CD47 expression in HSCs and reduced the development of high-fat diet-induced liver fibrosis. Our findings highlight CD47 as a critical transcriptional target of YAP in promoting HSC activation in response to a high-fat diet. Targeting the YAP/TEAD4/CD47 signaling axis may hold promise as a therapeutic strategy for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Henan Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Chronic Liver Injury and Outstanding Foreign Scientists Studio for Chronic Liver Injury, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lin Dong
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuecui Yin
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaohan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pengyuan Zheng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Helicobacter Pylori and Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Cancer, Marshall B. J. Medical Research Center of Zhengzhou University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Youcai Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, Henan Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Chronic Liver Injury and Outstanding Foreign Scientists Studio for Chronic Liver Injury, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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2
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Yang Z, Li C, Wang Y, Dong W, Yang M, Jin J. A single-chain antibody construct with specificity of a natural IgM antibody reduces hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury in mice. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18291. [PMID: 38597412 PMCID: PMC11005456 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies have been shown to recognize post-ischemic neoepitopes following reperfusion of tissues and to activate complement. Specifically, IgM antibodies and complement have been shown to drive hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI). Herein, we investigate the therapeutic effect of C2 scFv (single-chain antibody construct with specificity of a natural IgM antibody) on hepatic IRI in C57BL/6 mice. Compared with PBS-treated mice, C2 scFv-treated mice displayed almost no necrotic areas, significant reduction in serum ALT, AST and LDH levels, and significantly reduced in the number of TUNEL positive cells. Moreover, C2 scFv-treated mice exhibited a notable reduction in inflammatory cells after hepatic IRI than PBS-treated mice. The serum IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and MPC-1 levels were also severely suppressed by C2 scFv. Interestingly, C2 scFv reconstituted hepatic inflammation and IRI in Rag1-/- mice. We found that C2 scFv promoted hepatic cell death and increased inflammatory cytokines and infiltration of inflammatory cells after hepatic IRI in Rag1-/- mice. In addition, IgM and complement 3d (C3d) were deposited in WT mice and in Rag1-/- mice reconstituted with C2 scFv, indicating that C2 scFv can affect IgM binding and complement activation and reconstitute hepatic IRI. C3d expression was significantly lower in C57BL/6 mice treated with C2 scFv compared to PBS, indicating that excessive exogenous C2 scFv inhibited complement activation. These data suggest that C2 scFv alleviates hepatic IRI by blocking complement activation, and treatment with C2 scFv may be a promising therapy for hepatic IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury and Repairthe Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical UniversityGuilinGuangxiChina
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Sphingolipid Metabolism Related Diseasesthe Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical UniversityGuilinGuangxiChina
- China–USA Lipids in Health and Disease Research CenterGuilin Medical UniversityGuilinGuangxiChina
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgerythe Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical UniversityGuilinGuangxiChina
| | - Chunmei Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury and Repairthe Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical UniversityGuilinGuangxiChina
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Sphingolipid Metabolism Related Diseasesthe Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical UniversityGuilinGuangxiChina
- China–USA Lipids in Health and Disease Research CenterGuilin Medical UniversityGuilinGuangxiChina
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgerythe Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical UniversityGuilinGuangxiChina
| | - Yongqin Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury and Repairthe Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical UniversityGuilinGuangxiChina
| | - Wei Dong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury and Repairthe Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical UniversityGuilinGuangxiChina
| | - Moujie Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury and Repairthe Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical UniversityGuilinGuangxiChina
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Sphingolipid Metabolism Related Diseasesthe Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical UniversityGuilinGuangxiChina
| | - Junfei Jin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury and Repairthe Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical UniversityGuilinGuangxiChina
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Sphingolipid Metabolism Related Diseasesthe Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical UniversityGuilinGuangxiChina
- China–USA Lipids in Health and Disease Research CenterGuilin Medical UniversityGuilinGuangxiChina
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgerythe Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical UniversityGuilinGuangxiChina
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Gwag T, Lee S, Li Z, Newcomb A, Otuagomah J, Weinman SA, Liang Y, Zhou C, Wang S. Platelet-derived thrombospondin 1 promotes immune cell liver infiltration and exacerbates diet-induced steatohepatitis. JHEP Rep 2024; 6:101019. [PMID: 38455470 PMCID: PMC10918562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2024.101019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Recent studies have implicated platelets, particularly α-granules, in the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, the specific mechanisms involved have yet to be determined. Notably, thrombospondin 1 (TSP1) is a major component of the platelet α-granules released during platelet activation. Hence, we aimed to determine the role of platelet-derived TSP1 in NASH. Methods Platelet-specific Tsp1 knockout mice (TSP1Δpf4) and their wild-type littermates (TSP1F/F) were used. NASH was induced by feeding the mice with a diet enriched in fat, sucrose, fructose, and cholesterol (AMLN diet). A human liver NASH organoid model was also employed. Results Although TSP1 deletion in platelets did not affect diet-induced steatosis, TSP1Δpf4 mice exhibited attenuated NASH and liver fibrosis, accompanied by improvements in plasma glucose and lipid homeostasis. Furthermore, TSP1Δpf4 mice showed reduced intrahepatic platelet accumulation, activation, and chemokine production, correlating with decreased immune cell infiltration into the liver. Consequently, this diminished proinflammatory signaling in the liver, thereby mitigating the progression of NAFLD. Moreover, in vitro data revealed that co-culturing TSP1-deficient platelets in a human liver NASH organoid model attenuated hepatic stellate cell activation and NASH progression. Additionally, TSP1-deficient platelets play a role in regulating brown fat endocrine function, specifically affecting Nrg4 (neuregulin 4) production. Crosstalk between brown fat and the liver may also influence the progression of NAFLD. Conclusions These data suggest that platelet α-granule-derived TSP1 is a significant contributor to diet-induced NASH and fibrosis, potentially serving as a new therapeutic target for this severe liver disease. Impact and implications Recent studies have implicated platelets, specifically α-granules, in the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, yet the precise mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, through the utilization of a tissue-specific knockout mouse model and human 3D liver organoid, we demonstrated that platelet α-granule-derived TSP1 significantly contributes to diet-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and fibrosis. This contribution is, in part, attributed to the regulation of intrahepatic immune cell infiltration and potential crosstalk between fat and the liver. These findings suggest that platelet-derived TSP1 may represent a novel therapeutic target in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taesik Gwag
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
- Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY 40502, United States
| | - Sangderk Lee
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Irma Lerma Rangel School of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, United States
| | - Alana Newcomb
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
| | - Josephine Otuagomah
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
| | - Steven A. Weinman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States
- Research Service, Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, United States
| | - Ying Liang
- New York Blood Center, 310 East 72 Street, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Changcheng Zhou
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA92521, United States
| | - Shuxia Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
- Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY 40502, United States
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Hu Y, Cai Y, Ma W, Hu H, Gu H, Jin Y, Li F. The prognostic nutritional index and tumor pathological characteristics predict the prognosis of elderly patients with early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma after surgery. Biosci Trends 2023; 17:369-380. [PMID: 37813644 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2023.01212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
The elderly comprises over one-third of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, however, they are not adequately represented in prognostic studies. The study aims to determine the prognostic significance of the preoperative prognostic nutritional index (PNI) and develop nomograms for predicting their recurrence-free and overall survival (RFS and OS). The study consisted of 282 elderly patients (aged ≥ 65 years) with early-stage HCC (China Liver Cancer Staging System: I-IIA) after curative resection (R0). They were randomly divided into a training (n = 197) and a test cohort (n = 85). The patients were stratified into two groups: PNI-low (PNI ≤ 49.05) and PNI-high (PNI > 49.05) based on a cut-off value. Most patients' demographics and perioperative outcomes were comparable, while patients in the PNI-high group were younger (P = 0.002), heavier (P < 0.001), and had lower comorbidity rates (P = 0.003). Although the tumor stages were earlier in the PNI-low group (P < 0.001), patients' OS (5-year OS: 48.9% vs. 93.1%) and RFS (5-year RFS: 27.3% vs. 75.7%) were significantly worse compared to the PNI-high group (both P < 0.0001). Patients' OS and RFS nomograms were developed by incorporating independent survival predictors including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), age ≥ 75 years, PNI-low, tumor presence of satellite nodules, capsule, and microvascular invasion. The nomograms showed good calibration and discrimination, with all C-indexes ≥ 0.75 and calibration plots essentially coinciding with the diagonal. In conclusion, for elderly HCC patients, COPD, age ≥ 75 years, PNI-low, and tumor presence of satellite nodules, capsule, and microvascular invasion were independent prognostic factors. The nomogram could accurately predict the prognosis of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Hu
- Department of Biliary Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Yulong Cai
- Department of Biliary Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenjie Ma
- Department of Biliary Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Haijie Hu
- Department of Biliary Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Hanfei Gu
- Department of Biliary Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanwen Jin
- Department of Biliary Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Fuyu Li
- Department of Biliary Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
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Liu Y, Xie B, Chen Q. RAS signaling and immune cells: a sinister crosstalk in the tumor microenvironment. J Transl Med 2023; 21:595. [PMID: 37670322 PMCID: PMC10481548 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04486-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The rat sarcoma virus (RAS) gene is the most commonly mutated oncogene in cancer, with about 19% of cancer patients carrying RAS mutations. Studies on the interaction between RAS mutation and tumor immune microenvironment (TIM) have been flourishing in recent years. More and more evidence has proved that RAS signals regulate immune cells' recruitment, activation, and differentiation while assisting tumor cells to evade immune surveillance. This review concluded the direct and indirect treatment strategies for RAS mutations. In addition, we updated the underlying mechanisms by which RAS signaling modulated immune infiltration and immune escape. Finally, we discussed advances in RAS-targeted immunotherapies, including cancer vaccines and adoptive cell therapies, with a particular focus on combination strategies with personalized therapy and great potential to achieve lasting clinical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongting Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Bin Xie
- Department of Geriatrics, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Qiong Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Xiangya Lung Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
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Emerging phagocytosis checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:104. [PMID: 36882399 PMCID: PMC9990587 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01365-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy, mainly including immune checkpoints-targeted therapy and the adoptive transfer of engineered immune cells, has revolutionized the oncology landscape as it utilizes patients' own immune systems in combating the cancer cells. Cancer cells escape immune surveillance by hijacking the corresponding inhibitory pathways via overexpressing checkpoint genes. Phagocytosis checkpoints, such as CD47, CD24, MHC-I, PD-L1, STC-1 and GD2, have emerged as essential checkpoints for cancer immunotherapy by functioning as "don't eat me" signals or interacting with "eat me" signals to suppress immune responses. Phagocytosis checkpoints link innate immunity and adaptive immunity in cancer immunotherapy. Genetic ablation of these phagocytosis checkpoints, as well as blockade of their signaling pathways, robustly augments phagocytosis and reduces tumor size. Among all phagocytosis checkpoints, CD47 is the most thoroughly studied and has emerged as a rising star among targets for cancer treatment. CD47-targeting antibodies and inhibitors have been investigated in various preclinical and clinical trials. However, anemia and thrombocytopenia appear to be formidable challenges since CD47 is ubiquitously expressed on erythrocytes. Here, we review the reported phagocytosis checkpoints by discussing their mechanisms and functions in cancer immunotherapy, highlight clinical progress in targeting these checkpoints and discuss challenges and potential solutions to smooth the way for combination immunotherapeutic strategies that involve both innate and adaptive immune responses.
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Jiao J, Sanchez JI, Saldarriaga OA, Solis LM, Tweardy DJ, Maru DM, Stevenson HL, Beretta L. Spatial molecular and cellular determinants of STAT3 activation in liver fibrosis progression in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. JHEP Rep 2023; 5:100628. [PMID: 36687470 PMCID: PMC9850198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2022.100628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its severe form, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), is increasing. Individuals with NASH often develop liver fibrosis and advanced liver fibrosis is the main determinant of mortality in individuals with NASH. We and others have reported that STAT3 contributes to liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in mice. Methods Here, we explored whether STAT3 activation in hepatocyte and non-hepatocyte areas, measured by phospho-STAT3 (pSTAT3), is associated with liver fibrosis progression in 133 patients with NAFLD. We further characterized the molecular and cellular determinants of STAT3 activation by integrating spatial distribution and transcriptomic changes in fibrotic NAFLD livers.Results: pSTAT3 scores in non-hepatocyte areas progressively increased with fibrosis severity (r = 0.53, p <0.001). Correlation analyses between pSTAT3 scores and expression of 1,540 immune- and cancer-associated genes revealed a large effect of STAT3 activation on gene expression changes in non-hepatocyte areas and confirmed a major role for STAT3 activation in fibrogenesis. Digital spatial transcriptomic profiling was also performed on 13 regions selected in hepatocyte and non-hepatocyte areas from four NAFLD liver biopsies with advanced fibrosis, using a customized panel of markers including pSTAT3, PanCK+CK8/18, and CD45. The regions were further segmented based on positive or negative pSTAT3 staining. Cell deconvolution analysis revealed that activated STAT3 was enriched in hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) and sinusoidal endothelial cells. Regression of liver fibrosis upon STAT3 inhibition in mice with NASH resulted in a reduction of HPCs, demonstrating a direct role for STAT3 in HPC expansion. Conclusion Increased understanding of the spatial dependence of STAT3 signaling in NASH and liver fibrosis progression could lead to novel targeted treatment approaches. Impact and implications Advanced liver fibrosis is the main determinant of mortality in patients with NASH. This study showed using liver biopsies from 133 patients with NAFLD, that STAT3 activation in non-hepatocyte areas is strongly associated with fibrosis severity, inflammation, and progression to NASH. STAT3 activation was enriched in hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) and sinusoidal endothelial cells (SECs), as determined by innovative technologies interrogating the spatial distribution of pSTAT3. Finally, STAT3 inhibition in mice resulted in reduced liver fibrosis and depletion of HPCs, suggesting that STAT3 activation in HPCs contributes to their expansion and fibrogenesis in NAFLD.
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Key Words
- DSP, digital spatial profiler
- FC, fold change
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HFD, high-fat diet
- HPCs, hepatic progenitor cells
- HSCs, hepatic stellate cells
- IPA, Ingenuity® Pathway Analysis
- LSECs, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells
- NAFLD
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NAS, NAFLD activity score
- NASH
- NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
- SECs, sinusoidal endothelial cells
- STAT, signal transducer and activator of transcription
- STAT3
- cirrhosis
- fibrosis
- liver cancer
- pSTAT3, phospho-STAT3
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Jiao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jessica I. Sanchez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Omar A. Saldarriaga
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston TX, USA
| | - Luisa M. Solis
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David J. Tweardy
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control, and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dipen M. Maru
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Heather L. Stevenson
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston TX, USA
| | - Laura Beretta
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Liver Organoids, Novel and Promising Modalities for Exploring and Repairing Liver Injury. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:345-357. [PMID: 36199007 PMCID: PMC9534590 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10456-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The past decades have witnessed great advances in organoid technology. Liver is the biggest solid organ, performing multifaceted physiological functions. Nowadays, liver organoids have been applied in many fields including pharmaceutical research, precision medicine and disease models. Compared to traditional 2-dimensional cell line cultures and animal models, liver organoids showed the unique advantages. More importantly, liver organoids can well model the features of the liver and tend to be novel and promising modalities for exploring liver injury, thus finding potential treatment targets and repairing liver injury. In this review, we reviewed the history of the development of liver organoids and summarized the application of liver organoids and recent studies using organoids to explore and further repair the liver injury. These novel modalities could provide new insights about the process of liver injury.
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Wang YY, Lu SJ, Gui R, Wu JP, Li J, He XA, Zhang W, Deng GM, Wang WX, Long HP, Wei XF, Zeng GY, Zhang N, Zang SM, Yao Y, Chen ZH, Fei C, Wang YK, Xu KP. Hepatic lipidomics and proteomics analysis reveals the mechanism of Cyclocarya paliurus flavonoids in preventing non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in mice. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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10
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Shi H, Wang X, Li F, Gerlach BD, Yurdagul A, Moore MP, Zeldin S, Zhang H, Cai B, Zheng Z, Valenti L, Tabas I. CD47-SIRPα axis blockade in NASH promotes necroptotic hepatocyte clearance by liver macrophages and decreases hepatic fibrosis. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabp8309. [PMID: 36417485 PMCID: PMC10199725 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abp8309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Necroptosis contributes to hepatocyte death in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), but the fate and roles of necroptotic hepatocytes (necHCs) in NASH remain unknown. We show here that the accumulation of necHCs in human and mouse NASH liver is associated with an up-regulation of the "don't-eat-me" ligand CD47 on necHCs, but not on apoptotic hepatocytes, and an increase in the CD47 receptor SIRPα on liver macrophages, consistent with impaired macrophage-mediated clearance of necHCs. In vitro, necHC clearance by primary liver macrophages was enhanced by treatment with either anti-CD47 or anti-SIRPα. In a proof-of-concept mouse model of inducible hepatocyte necroptosis, anti-CD47 antibody treatment increased necHC uptake by liver macrophages and inhibited markers of hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation, which is responsible for liver fibrogenesis. Treatment of two mouse models of diet-induced NASH with anti-CD47, anti-SIRPα, or AAV8-H1-shCD47 to silence CD47 in hepatocytes increased the uptake of necHC by liver macrophages and decreased markers of HSC activation and liver fibrosis. Anti-SIRPα treatment avoided the adverse effect of anemia found in anti-CD47-treated mice. These findings provide evidence that impaired clearance of necHCs by liver macrophages due to CD47-SIRPα up-regulation contributes to fibrotic NASH, and suggest therapeutic blockade of the CD47-SIRPα axis as a strategy to decrease the accumulation of necHCs in NASH liver and dampen the progression of hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxue Shi
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Fang Li
- Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Brennan D. Gerlach
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Arif Yurdagul
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Mary P. Moore
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sharon Zeldin
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Hanrui Zhang
- Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Bishuang Cai
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ze Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Luca Valenti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano and Fondazione Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, Milano 20122, Italy
| | - Ira Tabas
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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11
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Applications of human organoids in the personalized treatment for digestive diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:336. [PMID: 36167824 PMCID: PMC9513303 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01194-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Digestive system diseases arise primarily through the interplay of genetic and environmental influences; there is an urgent need in elucidating the pathogenic mechanisms of these diseases and deploy personalized treatments. Traditional and long-established model systems rarely reproduce either tissue complexity or human physiology faithfully; these shortcomings underscore the need for better models. Organoids represent a promising research model, helping us gain a more profound understanding of the digestive organs; this model can also be used to provide patients with precise and individualized treatment and to build rapid in vitro test models for drug screening or gene/cell therapy, linking basic research with clinical treatment. Over the past few decades, the use of organoids has led to an advanced understanding of the composition of each digestive organ and has facilitated disease modeling, chemotherapy dose prediction, CRISPR-Cas9 genetic intervention, high-throughput drug screening, and identification of SARS-CoV-2 targets, pathogenic infection. However, the existing organoids of the digestive system mainly include the epithelial system. In order to reveal the pathogenic mechanism of digestive diseases, it is necessary to establish a completer and more physiological organoid model. Combining organoids and advanced techniques to test individualized treatments of different formulations is a promising approach that requires further exploration. This review highlights the advancements in the field of organoid technology from the perspectives of disease modeling and personalized therapy.
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