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Brozat JF, Harbalioğlu N, Hohlstein P, Abu Jhaisha S, Pollmanns MR, Adams JK, Wirtz TH, Hamesch K, Yagmur E, Weiskirchen R, Tacke F, Trautwein C, Koch A. Elevated Serum KIM-1 in Sepsis Correlates with Kidney Dysfunction and the Severity of Multi-Organ Critical Illness. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5819. [PMID: 38892009 PMCID: PMC11172102 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The kidney injury molecule (KIM)-1 is shed from proximal tubular cells in acute kidney injury (AKI), relaying tubular epithelial proliferation. Additionally, KIM-1 portends complex immunoregulation and is elevated after exposure to lipopolysaccharides. It thus may represent a biomarker in critical illness, sepsis, and sepsis-associated AKI (SA-AKI). To characterise and compare KIM-1 in these settings, we analysed KIM-1 serum concentrations in 192 critically ill patients admitted to the intensive care unit. Irrespective of kidney dysfunction, KIM-1 serum levels were significantly higher in patients with sepsis compared with other critical illnesses (191.6 vs. 132.2 pg/mL, p = 0.019) and were highest in patients with urogenital sepsis, followed by liver failure. Furthermore, KIM-1 levels were significantly elevated in critically ill patients who developed AKI within 48 h (273.3 vs. 125.8 pg/mL, p = 0.026) or later received renal replacement therapy (RRT) (299.7 vs. 146.3 pg/mL, p < 0.001). KIM-1 correlated with markers of renal function, inflammatory parameters, hematopoietic function, and cholangiocellular injury. Among subcomponents of the SOFA score, KIM-1 was elevated in patients with hyperbilirubinaemia (>2 mg/dL, p < 0.001) and thrombocytopenia (<150/nL, p = 0.018). In univariate and multivariate regression analyses, KIM-1 predicted sepsis, the need for RRT, and multi-organ dysfunction (MOD, SOFA > 12 and APACHE II ≥ 20) on the day of admission, adjusting for relevant comorbidities, bilirubin, and platelet count. Additionally, KIM-1 in multivariate regression was able to predict sepsis in patients without prior (CKD) or present (AKI) kidney injury. Our study suggests that next to its established role as a biomarker in kidney dysfunction, KIM-1 is associated with sepsis, biliary injury, and critical illness severity. It thus may offer aid for risk stratification in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Frederik Brozat
- Department for Gastroenterology, Metabolic Disorders and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.F.B.); (N.H.); (P.H.); (S.A.J.); (M.R.P.); (J.K.A.); (T.H.W.); (K.H.); (C.T.)
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum (CVK) and Campus Charité Mitte (CCM), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Neval Harbalioğlu
- Department for Gastroenterology, Metabolic Disorders and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.F.B.); (N.H.); (P.H.); (S.A.J.); (M.R.P.); (J.K.A.); (T.H.W.); (K.H.); (C.T.)
| | - Philipp Hohlstein
- Department for Gastroenterology, Metabolic Disorders and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.F.B.); (N.H.); (P.H.); (S.A.J.); (M.R.P.); (J.K.A.); (T.H.W.); (K.H.); (C.T.)
| | - Samira Abu Jhaisha
- Department for Gastroenterology, Metabolic Disorders and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.F.B.); (N.H.); (P.H.); (S.A.J.); (M.R.P.); (J.K.A.); (T.H.W.); (K.H.); (C.T.)
| | - Maike Rebecca Pollmanns
- Department for Gastroenterology, Metabolic Disorders and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.F.B.); (N.H.); (P.H.); (S.A.J.); (M.R.P.); (J.K.A.); (T.H.W.); (K.H.); (C.T.)
| | - Jule Katharina Adams
- Department for Gastroenterology, Metabolic Disorders and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.F.B.); (N.H.); (P.H.); (S.A.J.); (M.R.P.); (J.K.A.); (T.H.W.); (K.H.); (C.T.)
| | - Theresa Hildegard Wirtz
- Department for Gastroenterology, Metabolic Disorders and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.F.B.); (N.H.); (P.H.); (S.A.J.); (M.R.P.); (J.K.A.); (T.H.W.); (K.H.); (C.T.)
| | - Karim Hamesch
- Department for Gastroenterology, Metabolic Disorders and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.F.B.); (N.H.); (P.H.); (S.A.J.); (M.R.P.); (J.K.A.); (T.H.W.); (K.H.); (C.T.)
| | - Eray Yagmur
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Western Palatine Hospital, Hellmut-Hartert-Straße 1, 67655 Kaiserslautern, Germany;
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum (CVK) and Campus Charité Mitte (CCM), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department for Gastroenterology, Metabolic Disorders and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.F.B.); (N.H.); (P.H.); (S.A.J.); (M.R.P.); (J.K.A.); (T.H.W.); (K.H.); (C.T.)
| | - Alexander Koch
- Department for Gastroenterology, Metabolic Disorders and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.F.B.); (N.H.); (P.H.); (S.A.J.); (M.R.P.); (J.K.A.); (T.H.W.); (K.H.); (C.T.)
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Gao J, Lan T, Kostallari E, Guo Y, Lai E, Guillot A, Ding B, Tacke F, Tang C, Shah VH. Angiocrine signaling in sinusoidal homeostasis and liver diseases. J Hepatol 2024:S0168-8278(24)00349-0. [PMID: 38763358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2024.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
The hepatic sinusoids are composed of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), which are surrounded by hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and contain liver-resident macrophages called Kupffer cells, and other patrolling immune cells. All these cells communicate with each other and with hepatocytes to maintain sinusoidal homeostasis and a spectrum of hepatic functions under healthy conditions. Sinusoidal homeostasis is disrupted by metabolites, toxins, viruses, and other pathological factors, leading to liver injury, chronic liver diseases, and cirrhosis. Alterations in hepatic sinusoids are linked to fibrosis progression and portal hypertension. LSECs are crucial regulators of cellular crosstalk within their microenvironment via angiocrine signaling. This review discusses the mechanisms by which angiocrine signaling orchestrates sinusoidal homeostasis, as well as the development of liver diseases. Here, we summarise the crosstalk between LSECs, HSCs, hepatocytes, cholangiocytes, and immune cells in health and disease and comment on potential novel therapeutic methods for treating liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhang Gao
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tian Lan
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Enis Kostallari
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Yangkun Guo
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Enjiang Lai
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Adrien Guillot
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bisen Ding
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Chengwei Tang
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Vijay H Shah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Saviano A, Roehlen N, Baumert TF. Tight Junction Proteins as Therapeutic Targets to Treat Liver Fibrosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Semin Liver Dis 2024. [PMID: 38648796 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1785646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
In the last decade tight junction proteins exposed at the surface of liver or cancer cells have been uncovered as mediators of liver disease biology: Claudin-1 and Occludin are host factors for hepatitis C virus entry and Claudin-1 has been identified as a driver for liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Moreover, Claudins have emerged as therapeutic targets for liver disease and HCC. CLDN1 expression is upregulated in liver fibrosis and HCC. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting Claudin-1 have completed preclinical proof-of-concept studies for treatment of liver fibrosis and HCC and are currently in clinical development for advanced liver fibrosis. Claudin-6 overexpression is associated with an HCC aggressive phenotype and treatment resistance. Claudin-6 mAbs or chimeric antigen receptor-T cells therapies are currently being clinically investigated for Claudin-6 overexpressing tumors. In conclusion, targeting Claudin proteins offers a novel clinical opportunity for the treatment of patients with advanced liver fibrosis and HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Saviano
- Inserm, U1110, Institute of Translational Medicine and Liver Disease, Strasbourg, France
- University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Service d'hépato-gastroentérologie, Pôle Hépato-digestif, Institut-Hospitalo-Universitaire, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Natascha Roehlen
- Department of Medicine II, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Infectious Diseases, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Berta-Ottenstein-Programme, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas F Baumert
- Inserm, U1110, Institute of Translational Medicine and Liver Disease, Strasbourg, France
- University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Service d'hépato-gastroentérologie, Pôle Hépato-digestif, Institut-Hospitalo-Universitaire, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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Sun D, Du X, Cao X, Wu B, Li S, Zhao Y, Liu T, Xu L, Huang H. Neutrophil-Based Bionic Delivery System Breaks Through the Capillary Barrier of Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells and Inhibits the Activation of Hepatic Stellate Cells. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:2043-2057. [PMID: 38471114 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The capillarization of hepatic sinusoids resulting from the activation of hepatic stellate cells poses a significant challenge, impeding the effective delivery of therapeutic agents to the Disse space for liver fibrosis treatment. Therefore, overcoming these barriers and achieving efficient drug delivery to activated hepatic stellate cells (aHSCs) are pressing challenge. In this study, we developed a synergistic sequential drug delivery approach utilizing neutrophil membrane hybrid liposome@atorvastatin/amlisentan (NCM@AtAm) and vitamin A-neutrophil membrane hybrid liposome @albumin (VNCM@Bai) nanoparticles (NPs) to breach the capillary barrier for targeted HSC cell delivery. Initially, NCM@AtAm NPs were successfully directed to the site of hepatic fibrosis through neutrophil-mediated inflammatory targeting, resulting in the normalization of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) and restoration of fenestrations under the combined influence of At and Am. Elevated tissue levels of the p-Akt protein and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) indicated the normalization of LSECs following treatment with At and Am. Subsequently, VNCM@Bai NPs traversed the restored LSEC fenestrations to access the Disse space, facilitating the delivery of Bai into aHSCs under vitamin A guidance. Lastly, both in vitro and in vivo results demonstrated the efficacy of Bai in inhibiting HSC cell activation by modulating the PPAR γ/TGF-β1 and STAT1/Smad7 signaling pathways, thereby effectively treating liver fibrosis. Overall, our designed synergistic sequential delivery system effectively overcomes the barrier imposed by LSECs, offering a promising therapeutic strategy for liver fibrosis treatment in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xiao Du
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing Medical Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xinyu Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Bingyu Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui Province 233030,China
| | - Yongmei Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Tianqing Liu
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Lixing Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Haiqin Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
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Jiang R, Zhou Y, Gao Q, Han L, Hong Z. ZC3H4 governs epithelial cell migration through ROCK/p-PYK2/p-MLC2 pathway in silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 104:104301. [PMID: 37866415 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased epithelial migration capacity is a key step accompanying epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Our lab has described that ZC3H4 mediated EMT in silicosis. Here, we aimed to explore the mechanisms of ZC3H4 by which to stimulate epithelial cell migration. METHODS Silicon dioxide (SiO2)-induced pulmonary fibrosis (PF) animal models were administered by intratracheal instillation in C57BL/6 J mice. Pathological analysis and 2D migration assay were established to uncover the pulmonary fibrotic lesions and epithelial cell migration, respectively. Inhibitors targeting ROCK/p-PYK2/p-MLC2 and CRISPR/Cas9 plasmids targeting ZC3H4 were administrated to explore the signaling pathways. RESULTS 1) SiO2 upregulated epithelial migration in pulmonary fibrotic lesions. 2) ZC3H4 modulated SiO2-induced epithelial migration. 3) ZC3H4 governed epithelial migration through ROCK/p-PYK2/p-MLC2 signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS ZC3H4 regulates epithelial migration through the ROCK/p-PYK2/p-MLC2 signaling pathway, providing the possibility that molecular drugs targeting ZC3H4-overexpression may exert effects on pulmonary fibrosis induced by silica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Jiang
- Jiangsu Health Vocational College, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yichao Zhou
- Department of Occupation Disease Prevention and Cure, Changzhou Wujin District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qianqian Gao
- Department of Occupation Disease Prevention and Cure, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lei Han
- Department of Occupation Disease Prevention and Cure, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Zhen Hong
- Jiangsu Health Vocational College, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
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An MH, Lee PH, Choi SM, Hwang D, Kim JH, Park MC, Park S, Baek AR, Jang AS. Impact of the Junction Adhesion Molecule-A on Asthma. Yonsei Med J 2023; 64:375-383. [PMID: 37226564 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2022.0503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Junctional adhesion molecule (JAM)-A is an immunoglobulin-like molecule that colocalizes with tight junctions (TJs) in the endothelium and epithelium. It is also found in blood leukocytes and platelets. The biological significance of JAM-A in asthma, as well as its clinical potential as a therapeutic target, are not well understood. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of JAM-A in a mouse model of asthma, and to determine blood levels of JAM-A in asthmatic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) or saline were used to investigate the role of JAM-A in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma. In addition, JAM-A levels were measured in the plasma of asthmatic patients and healthy controls. The relationships between JAM-A and clinical variables in patients with asthma were also examined. RESULTS Plasma JAM-A levels were higher in asthma patients (n=19) than in healthy controls (n=12). In asthma patients, the JAM-A levels correlated with forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1%), FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC), and the blood lymphocyte proportion. JAM-A, phospho-JNK, and phospho-ERK protein expressions in lung tissue were significantly higher in OVA/OVA mice than in control mice. In human bronchial epithelial cells treated with house dust mite extracts for 4 h, 8 h, and 24 h, the JAM-A, phospho-JNK, and phospho-ERK expressions were increased, as shown by Western blotting, while the transepithelial electrical resistance was reduced. CONCLUSION These results suggest that JAM-A is involved in the pathogenesis of asthma, and may be a marker for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hyeok An
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Pureun-Haneul Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Seon-Muk Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - DaYeon Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korean Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Meung Chul Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Shinhee Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Ae-Rin Baek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - An-Soo Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea.
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Li Y, Zhang X, Li Y, Yang P, Zhang Z, Wu H, Zhu L, Liu Y. Preparation methods, structural characteristics, and biological activity of polysaccharides from Salvia miltiorrhiza: A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 305:116090. [PMID: 36587878 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Salvia miltiorrhiza is a traditional Chinese medicine with the application of more than a two-thousand-year history. It is a common medicine used in the clinical treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and is listed as the top grade in Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica. Polysaccharide is an important chemical component of Salvia miltiorrhiza and has a variety of biological activities. AIM OF THE STUDY In this review, we summarized the preparation methods, structural characteristics, and biological activities of Salvia miltiorrhiza polysaccharides, as well as discussed current research problems, providing support for further research, development, and utilization. MATERIALS AND METHODS By inputting the search term "Salvia miltiorrhiza polysaccharides", relevant research information was obtained from databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, VIP, Web of Science, and China Knowledge Network (CNKI). RESULTS It has been found that the monosaccharide composition of Salvia miltiorrhiza polysaccharides containing glucose (Glc), galactose (Gal), mannose (Man), and arabinose (Ara) has antioxidant, anti-tumor, liver protection, and other activities. CONCLUSIONS We summarized the preparation methods, structural information, and biological activities of Salvia miltiorrhiza polysaccharides in this review and discussed the issues that are currently being researched. Although this product has a wide range of biological activities and has high development and utilization potential, its structure information and structure-activity relationship require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Yining Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Pei Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Hang Wu
- Youth League Committee, Fu'an Sub-district Office of Shandong Jiaozhou District, Qingdao, 266300, China
| | - Lihao Zhu
- Sishui Siheyuan Culture and Tourism Development Company, Ltd, Sishui, 273200, China
| | - Yuhong Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
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