1
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Zichello JM, DeLiberto ST, Holmes P, Pierwola AA, Werner SJ. Recent beak evolution in North American starlings after invasion. Sci Rep 2024; 14:140. [PMID: 38167426 PMCID: PMC10761893 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49623-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
European starlings are one of the most abundant and problematic avian invaders in the world. From their native range across Eurasia and North Africa, they have been introduced to every continent except Antarctica. In 160 years, starlings have expanded into different environments throughout the world, making them a powerful model for understanding rapid evolutionary change and adaptive plasticity. Here, we investigate their spatiotemporal morphological variation in North America and the native range. Our dataset includes 1217 specimens; a combination of historical museum skins and modern birds. Beak length in the native range has remained unchanged during the past 206 years, but we find beak length in North American birds is now 8% longer than birds from the native range. We discuss potential drivers of this pattern including dietary adaptation or climatic pressures. Additionally, body size in North American starlings is smaller than those from the native range, which suggests a role for selection or founder effect. Taken together, our results indicate rapid recent evolutionary change in starling morphology coincident with invasion into novel environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Zichello
- Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.
- Division of Anthropology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Shelagh T DeLiberto
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Paul Holmes
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Shrewsbury Veterinary Investigation Centre, Shrewsbury, SY1 4HD, UK
| | - Agnieszka A Pierwola
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA
| | - Scott J Werner
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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2
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Sappington TW, Spencer JL. Movement Ecology of Adult Western Corn Rootworm: Implications for Management. INSECTS 2023; 14:922. [PMID: 38132596 PMCID: PMC10744206 DOI: 10.3390/insects14120922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Movement of adult western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, is of fundamental importance to this species' population dynamics, ecology, evolution, and interactions with its environment, including cultivated cornfields. Realistic parameterization of dispersal components of models is needed to predict rates of range expansion, development, and spread of resistance to control measures and improve pest and resistance management strategies. However, a coherent understanding of western corn rootworm movement ecology has remained elusive because of conflicting evidence for both short- and long-distance lifetime dispersal, a type of dilemma observed in many species called Reid's paradox. Attempts to resolve this paradox using population genetic strategies to estimate rates of gene flow over space likewise imply greater dispersal distances than direct observations of short-range movement suggest, a dilemma called Slatkin's paradox. Based on the wide-array of available evidence, we present a conceptual model of adult western corn rootworm movement ecology under the premise it is a partially migratory species. We propose that rootworm populations consist of two behavioral phenotypes, resident and migrant. Both engage in local, appetitive flights, but only the migrant phenotype also makes non-appetitive migratory flights, resulting in observed patterns of bimodal dispersal distances and resolution of Reid's and Slatkin's paradoxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W. Sappington
- Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Joseph L. Spencer
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
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3
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Hofmeister NR, Stuart KC, Warren WC, Werner SJ, Bateson M, Ball GF, Buchanan KL, Burt DW, Cardilini APA, Cassey P, De Meyer T, George J, Meddle SL, Rowland HM, Sherman CDH, Sherwin WB, Vanden Berghe W, Rollins LA, Clayton DF. Concurrent invasions of European starlings in Australia and North America reveal population-specific differentiation in shared genomic regions. Mol Ecol 2023. [PMID: 37933429 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
A species' success during the invasion of new areas hinges on an interplay between the demographic processes common to invasions and the specific ecological context of the novel environment. Evolutionary genetic studies of invasive species can investigate how genetic bottlenecks and ecological conditions shape genetic variation in invasions, and our study pairs two invasive populations that are hypothesized to be from the same source population to compare how each population evolved during and after introduction. Invasive European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) established populations in both Australia and North America in the 19th century. Here, we compare whole-genome sequences among native and independently introduced European starling populations to determine how demographic processes interact with rapid evolution to generate similar genetic patterns in these recent and replicated invasions. Demographic models indicate that both invasive populations experienced genetic bottlenecks as expected based on invasion history, and we find that specific genomic regions have differentiated even on this short evolutionary timescale. Despite genetic bottlenecks, we suggest that genetic drift alone cannot explain differentiation in at least two of these regions. The demographic boom intrinsic to many invasions as well as potential inversions may have led to high population-specific differentiation, although the patterns of genetic variation are also consistent with the hypothesis that this infamous and highly mobile invader adapted to novel selection (e.g., extrinsic factors). We use targeted sampling of replicated invasions to identify and evaluate support for multiple, interacting evolutionary mechanisms that lead to differentiation during the invasion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie R Hofmeister
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
- Fuller Evolutionary Biology Program, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Katarina C Stuart
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Wesley C Warren
- Department of Animal Sciences and Surgery, Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Scott J Werner
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Melissa Bateson
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Gregory F Ball
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | | | - David W Burt
- Office of the Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Research and Innovation), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- The Roslin Institute, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | - Adam P A Cardilini
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Phillip Cassey
- Invasion Science & Wildlife Ecology Lab, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Tim De Meyer
- Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Julia George
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Simone L Meddle
- The Roslin Institute, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | - Hannah M Rowland
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Craig D H Sherman
- The Roslin Institute, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | - William B Sherwin
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Wim Vanden Berghe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Lee Ann Rollins
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David F Clayton
- Department of Genetics & Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
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4
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Temporal decline of genetic differentiation among populations of western flower thrips across an invaded range. Biol Invasions 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-023-03024-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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5
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Global invasion history and native decline of the common starling: insights through genetics. Biol Invasions 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-022-02982-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
AbstractFew invasive birds are as globally successful as the Common or European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris). Native to the Palearctic, the starling has been intentionally introduced to North and South America, South Africa, Australia, and the Pacific Islands, enabling us to explore species traits that may contribute to its invasion success. Coupling the rich studies of life history and more recent explorations of genomic variation among invasions, we illustrate how eco-evolutionary dynamics shape the invasion success of this long-studied and widely distributed species. Especially informative is the comparison between Australian and North American invasions, because these populations colonized novel ranges concurrently and exhibit shared signals of selection despite distinct population histories. In this review, we describe population dynamics across the native and invasive ranges, identify putatively selected traits that may influence the starling’s spread, and suggest possible determinants of starling success world-wide. We also identify future opportunities to utilize this species as a model for avian invasion research, which will inform our understanding of species’ rapid evolution in response to environmental change.
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6
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Addis BR, Lowe WH. Environmentally associated variation in dispersal distance affects inbreeding risk in a stream salamander. Am Nat 2022; 200:802-814. [DOI: 10.1086/721763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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7
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Consistency of mobile and sedentary movement extremes exhibited by an invasive fish, Silver Carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix. Biol Invasions 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-022-02795-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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8
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Guzmán S, Giudicelli GC, Turchetto C, Bombarely A, Freitas LB. Neutral and outlier single nucleotide polymorphisms disentangle the evolutionary history of a coastal Solanaceae species. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:2847-2864. [PMID: 35332594 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Speciation begins with the isolation of some individuals or subpopulations due to drivers promoting a diverging genetic distribution. Such isolation may occur, followed by different processes and pressures. Isolation-by-distance (IBD), isolation-by-adaptation (IBA), and isolation-by-colonization (IBC) have been recognized as the main divergence patterns. Still, it is not easy to distinguish which one is the main pattern as each one may act at different points in time or even simultaneously. Using an extensive genome coverage from a Petunia species complex with coastal and inland distribution and multiple analytical approaches on population genomics and phylogeography, we showed a complex interplay between neutral and selective forces acting on the divergence process. We found 18,887 SNPs potentially neutral and 924 potentially under selection (outlier) loci. All analyses pointed that each subspecies displays its own genetic component and evolutionary history. We suggested plausible ecologic drivers for such divergence in a southernmost South Atlantic coastal plain in Brazil and Uruguay and identified a connection between adaptation and environment heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Guzmán
- Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Giovanna C Giudicelli
- Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Caroline Turchetto
- Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Botany, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Loreta B Freitas
- Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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9
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Heckwolf MJ, Morim T, Riccioli F, Baltazar-Soares M. Fresh start after rough rides: understanding patterns of genetic differentiation upon human-mediated translocations. Biol Invasions 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-021-02605-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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A recent invasive population of the European starling sturnus vulgaris has lower genetic diversity and higher fluctuating asymmetry than primary invasive and native populations. Biol Invasions 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-021-02653-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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11
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D'Aloia CC, Bogdanowicz SM, Andrés JA, Buston PM. Population assignment tests uncover rare long-distance marine larval dispersal events. Ecology 2021; 103:e03559. [PMID: 34653260 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Long-distance dispersal (LDD) is consequential to metapopulation ecology and evolution. In systems where dispersal is undertaken by small propagules, such as larvae in the ocean, documenting LDD is especially challenging. Genetic parentage analysis has gained traction as a method for measuring larval dispersal, but such studies are generally spatially limited, leaving LDD understudied in marine species. We addressed this knowledge gap by uncovering LDD with population assignment tests in the coral reef fish Elacatinus lori, a species whose short-distance dispersal has been well-characterized by parentage analysis. When adults (n = 931) collected throughout the species' range were categorized into three source populations, assignment accuracy exceeded 99%, demonstrating low rates of gene flow between populations in the adult generation. After establishing high assignment confidence, we assigned settlers (n = 3,828) to source populations. Within the settler cohort, <0.1% of individuals were identified as long-distance dispersers from other populations. These results demonstrate an exceptionally low level of connectivity between E. lori populations, despite the potential for ocean currents to facilitate LDD. More broadly, these findings illustrate the value of combining genetic parentage analysis and population assignment tests to uncover short- and long-distance dispersal, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C D'Aloia
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, E2L 4L5, Canada
| | - S M Bogdanowicz
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - J A Andrés
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - P M Buston
- Department of Biology & Marine Program, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215, USA
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12
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Prentice MB, Vye SR, Jenkins SR, Shaw PW, Ironside JE. Genetic diversity and relatedness in aquaculture and marina populations of the invasive tunicate Didemnum vexillum in the British Isles. Biol Invasions 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-021-02615-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIntroductions of invasive, non-native species in the marine environment are increasing as human activity within coastal areas rises. Genetic datasets are useful tools to identify source populations, track routes of invasions, and illuminate the role of genetic variation in the establishment and subsequent spread of novel introductions. Here, a microsatellite dataset is used to estimate the genetic diversity and population structure of 7 introduced Didemnum vexillum populations in Britain and Ireland, 4 of which are associated with aquaculture and 3 with marinas. Genetic differentiation observed between these populations indicates human-mediated transport as the main mechanism underlying the population structure of D. vexillum in Britain and Ireland. In addition to elucidating patterns of population structure we found that aquaculture sites showed significantly higher genetic diversity (measured as allelic richness) in comparison to the marina sites. We discuss these findings in relation to the history of each invasion, the complex life history of D. vexillum, and available evidence of the relative invasiveness of these populations. Our results show numerous interesting patterns which highlight further research avenues to elucidate the complex factors underlying the global spread of this successful invader.
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13
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Tang Q, Shingate P, Wardiatno Y, John A, Tay BH, Tay YC, Yap L, Lim J, Tong HY, Tun K, Venkatesh B, Rheindt FE. The different fates of two Asian horseshoe crab species with different dispersal abilities. Evol Appl 2021; 14:2124-2133. [PMID: 34429753 PMCID: PMC8372080 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Impending anthropogenic climate change will severely impact coastal organisms at unprecedented speed. Knowledge on organisms' evolutionary responses to past sea-level fluctuations and estimation of their evolutionary potential is therefore indispensable in efforts to mitigate the effects of future climate change. We sampled tens of thousands of genomic markers of ~300 individuals in two of the four extant horseshoe crab species across the complex archipelagic Singapore Straits. Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda Latreille, a less mobile mangrove species, has finer population structure and lower genetic diversity compared with the dispersive deep-sea Tachypleus gigas Müller. Even though the source populations of both species during the last glacial maximum exhibited comparable effective population sizes, the less dispersive C. rotundicauda seems to lose genetic diversity much more quickly because of population fragmentation. Contra previous studies' results, we predict that the more commonly sighted C. rotundicauda faces a more uncertain conservation plight, with a continuing loss in evolutionary potential and higher vulnerability to future climate change. Our study provides important genomic baseline data for the redirection of conservation measures in the face of climate change and can be used as a blueprint for assessment and mitigation of the adverse effects of impending sea-level rise in other systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Tang
- Department of Biological SciencesNational University of SingaporeSingapore CitySingapore
| | - Prashant Shingate
- Institute of Molecular and Cell BiologyA*STARBiopolisSingapore CitySingapore
| | | | - Akbar John
- Institute of Oceanography and Maritime Studies (INOCEM)Kulliyyah of ScienceInternational Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM)KuantanPahangMalaysia
| | - Boon Hui Tay
- Institute of Molecular and Cell BiologyA*STARBiopolisSingapore CitySingapore
| | | | - Laura‐Marie Yap
- School of Applied SciencesRepublic PolytechnicSingapore CitySingapore
| | - Jasmin Lim
- School of Applied SciencesRepublic PolytechnicSingapore CitySingapore
| | | | | | - Byrappa Venkatesh
- Institute of Molecular and Cell BiologyA*STARBiopolisSingapore CitySingapore
| | - Frank E. Rheindt
- Department of Biological SciencesNational University of SingaporeSingapore CitySingapore
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14
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Mairal M, Chown SL, Shaw J, Chala D, Chau JH, Hui C, Kalwij JM, Münzbergová Z, Jansen van Vuuren B, Le Roux JJ. Human activity strongly influences genetic dynamics of the most widespread invasive plant in the sub-Antarctic. Mol Ecol 2021; 31:1649-1665. [PMID: 34181792 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The link between the successful establishment of alien species and propagule pressure is well-documented. Less known is how humans influence the post-introduction dynamics of invasive alien populations. The latter requires studying parallel invasions by the same species in habitats that are differently impacted by humans. We analysed microsatellite and genome size variation, and then compared the genetic diversity and structure of invasive Poa annua L. on two sub-Antarctic islands: human-occupied Marion Island and unoccupied Prince Edward Island. We also carried out niche modelling to map the potential distribution of the species on both islands. We found high levels of genetic diversity and evidence for extensive admixture between genetically distinct lineages of P. annua on Marion Island. By contrast, the Prince Edward Island populations showed low genetic diversity, no apparent admixture, and had smaller genomes. On both islands, high genetic diversity was apparent at human landing sites, and on Marion Island, also around human settlements, suggesting that these areas received multiple introductions and/or acted as initial introduction sites and secondary sources (bridgeheads) for invasive populations. More than 70 years of continuous human activity associated with a meteorological station on Marion Island led to a distribution of this species around human settlements and along footpaths, which facilitates ongoing gene flow among geographically separated populations. By contrast, this was not the case for Prince Edward Island, where P. annua populations showed high genetic structure. The high levels of genetic variation and admixture in P. annua facilitated by human activity, coupled with high habitat suitability on both islands, suggest that P. annua is likely to increase its distribution and abundance in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Mairal
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.,Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Steven L Chown
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Justine Shaw
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Desalegn Chala
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - John H Chau
- Centre for Ecological Genomics and Wildlife Conservation, Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, South Africa
| | - Cang Hui
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.,Biodiversity Informatics Unit, African Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jesse M Kalwij
- Centre for Ecological Genomics and Wildlife Conservation, Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, South Africa.,Institute of Geography and Geoecology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Zuzana Münzbergová
- Department of Botany, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Population Ecology, Czech Academy of Science, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Bettine Jansen van Vuuren
- Centre for Ecological Genomics and Wildlife Conservation, Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, South Africa
| | - Johannes J Le Roux
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.,Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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15
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Magory Cohen T, Major RE, Kumar RS, Nair M, Ewart KM, Hauber ME, Dor R. Rapid morphological changes as agents of adaptation in introduced populations of the common myna (Acridotheres tristis). Evol Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-021-10107-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Latombe G, Richardson DM, McGeoch MA, Altwegg R, Catford JA, Chase JM, Courchamp F, Esler KJ, Jeschke JM, Landi P, Measey J, Midgley GF, Minoarivelo HO, Rodger JG, Hui C. Mechanistic reconciliation of community and invasion ecology. Ecosphere 2021; 12:e03359. [PMID: 34938590 PMCID: PMC8647914 DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Community and invasion ecology have mostly grown independently. There is substantial overlap in the processes captured by different models in the two fields, and various frameworks have been developed to reduce this redundancy and synthesize information content. Despite broad recognition that community and invasion ecology are interconnected, a process-based framework synthesizing models across these two fields is lacking. Here we review 65 representative community and invasion models and propose a common framework articulated around six processes (dispersal, drift, abiotic interactions, within-guild interactions, cross-guild interactions, and genetic changes). The framework is designed to synthesize the content of the two fields, provide a general perspective on their development, and enable their comparison. The application of this framework and of a novel method based on network theory reveals some lack of coherence between the two fields, despite some historical similarities. Community ecology models are characterized by combinations of multiple processes, likely reflecting the search for an overarching theory to explain community assembly and structure, drawing predominantly on interaction processes, but also accounting largely for the other processes. In contrast, most models in invasion ecology invoke fewer processes and focus more on interactions between introduced species and their novel biotic and abiotic environment. The historical dominance of interaction processes and their independent developments in the two fields is also reflected in the lower level of coherence for models involving interactions, compared to models involving dispersal, drift, and genetic changes. It appears that community ecology, with a longer history than invasion ecology, has transitioned from the search for single explanations for patterns observed in nature to investigate how processes may interact mechanistically, thereby generating and testing hypotheses. Our framework paves the way for a similar transition in invasion ecology, to better capture the dynamics of multiple alien species introduced in complex communities. Reciprocally, applying insights from invasion to community ecology will help us understand and predict the future of ecological communities in the Anthropocene, in which human activities are weakening species' natural boundaries. Ultimately, the successful integration of the two fields could advance a predictive ecology that is urgently required in a rapidly changing world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Latombe
- BioInvasions, Global ChangeMacroecology‐GroupDepartment of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity ViennaRennweg 14Vienna1030Austria
- Centre for Invasion BiologyDepartment of Botany and ZoologyStellenbosch UniversityStellenbosch7600South Africa
| | - David M. Richardson
- Centre for Invasion BiologyDepartment of Botany and ZoologyStellenbosch UniversityStellenbosch7600South Africa
| | - Melodie A. McGeoch
- School of Biological SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVictoria3800Australia
| | - Res Altwegg
- Statistics in Ecology, Environment and ConservationDepartment of Statistical SciencesUniversity of Cape TownRondebosch7701South Africa
| | - Jane A. Catford
- Department of GeographyKing’s College LondonWC2B 4BGLondonUK
| | - Jonathan M. Chase
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigDeutscherplatz 5eLeipzigGermany
- Department of Computer SciencesMartin Luther UniversityHalle (Saale)Germany
| | - Franck Courchamp
- Université Paris‐SaclayEcologie Systématique et EvolutionCNRSAgroParisTechOrsay91405France
| | - Karen J. Esler
- Department of Conservation Ecology & Entomology and Centre for Invasion BiologyStellenbosch UniversityPrivate Bag x1Matieland7602South Africa
| | - Jonathan M. Jeschke
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB)Müggelseedamm 310Berlin12587Germany
- Freie Universität BerlinDepartment of Biology, Chemistry, PharmacyInstitute of BiologyKönigin‐Luise‐Str. 1‐3Berlin14195Germany
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB)Königin‐Luise‐Str. 2‐4Berlin14195Germany
| | - Pietro Landi
- Centre for Invasion BiologyDepartment of Mathematical SciencesStellenbosch UniversityStellenbosch7600South Africa
| | - John Measey
- Centre for Invasion BiologyDepartment of Botany and ZoologyStellenbosch UniversityStellenbosch7600South Africa
| | - Guy F. Midgley
- Global Change Biology GroupDepartment of Botany and ZoologyStellenbosch UniversityStellenbosch7600South Africa
| | - Henintsoa O. Minoarivelo
- Centre for Invasion BiologyDepartment of Mathematical SciencesStellenbosch UniversityStellenbosch7600South Africa
| | - James G. Rodger
- Centre for Invasion BiologyDepartment of Mathematical SciencesStellenbosch UniversityStellenbosch7600South Africa
| | - Cang Hui
- Centre for Invasion BiologyDepartment of Mathematical SciencesStellenbosch UniversityStellenbosch7600South Africa
- Biodiversity Informatics UnitAfrican Institute for Mathematical SciencesCape Town7945South Africa
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17
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Karamanlidis AA, Kopatz A, de Gabriel Hernando M. Dispersal patterns of a recovering brown bear (Ursus arctos) population in a human-dominated landscape. J Mammal 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyaa173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Despite increasing habitat fragmentation, large carnivore populations in parts of Europe have been recovering and expanding into human-dominated areas. Knowledge of animal dispersal patterns in such areas is important for their conservation, management, and coexistence with humans. We used genetic data based on 15 microsatellite markers from 312 individuals (98 females, 214 males) to assess kinship and dispersal patterns during the recovery and spatial expansion of a wild brown bear (Ursus arctos) population (2003–2010) in the human-dominated landscape of Greece. We hypothesized that bear dispersal in Greece was sex-biased, with females being more philopatric and males dispersing more frequently and over greater distances. Dispersal indeed was sex-biased, with males dispersing more frequently and farther than females. Overall, females were found to be philopatric; males also appeared to be philopatric, but to a lesser degree. However, a high proportion of females displayed dispersal behavior, which may be indicative of a pre-saturation stage of the population in that part of the country. Our results indicate that dispersal may be due to evading competition and avoiding inbreeding. We also documented long-distance dispersal of bears, which is considered to be indicative of a spatially expanding population. Our results highlight the value of using noninvasive genetic monitoring data to assess kinship among individuals and study dispersal patterns in human-dominated landscapes. Brown bears remain threatened in Greece; we therefore recommend systematic genetic monitoring of the species in combination with careful habitat management to protect suitable habitat (i.e., dispersal corridors) and ultimately ensure co-existence with humans and survival of brown bears in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros A Karamanlidis
- ARCTUROS, Civil Society for the Protection and Management of Wildlife and the Natural Environment, Aetos, Florina, Greece
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Alexander Kopatz
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Miguel de Gabriel Hernando
- ARCTUROS, Civil Society for the Protection and Management of Wildlife and the Natural Environment, Aetos, Florina, Greece
- Department of Biodiversity and Environmental Management, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Universidad de León, León, Spain
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18
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Bodt LH, Rollins LA, Zichello JM. Contrasting mitochondrial diversity of European starlings ( Sturnus vulgaris) across three invasive continental distributions. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:10186-10195. [PMID: 33005374 PMCID: PMC7520211 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) represent one of the most widespread and problematic avian invasive species in the world. Understanding their unique population history and current population dynamics can contribute to conservation efforts and clarify evolutionary processes over short timescales. European starlings were introduced to Central Park, New York in 1890, and from a founding group of about 100 birds, they have expanded across North America with a current population of approximately 200 million. There were also multiple introductions in Australia in the mid-19th century and at least one introduction in South Africa in the late 19th century. Independent introductions on these three continents provide a robust system to investigate invasion genetics. In this study, we compare mitochondrial diversity in European starlings from North America, Australia, and South Africa, and a portion of the native range in the United Kingdom. Of the three invasive ranges, the North American population shows the highest haplotype diversity and evidence of both sudden demographic and spatial expansion. Comparatively, the Australian population shows the lowest haplotype diversity, but also shows evidence for sudden demographic and spatial expansion. South Africa is intermediate to the other invasive populations in genetic diversity but does not show evidence of demographic expansion. In previous studies, population genetic structure was found in Australia, but not in South Africa. Here we find no evidence of population structure in North America. Although all invasive populations share haplotypes with the native range, only one haplotype is shared between invasive populations. This suggests these three invasive populations represent independent subsamples of the native range. The structure of the haplotype network implies that the native-range sampling does not comprehensively characterize the genetic diversity there. This study represents the most geographically widespread analysis of European starling population genetics to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Hart Bodt
- Educational Laboratory for Comparative Genomics and Human OriginsAmerican Museum of Natural HistoryNew YorkNYUSA
- Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryDNA Learning CenterCold Spring HarborNYUSA
- Department of BiologyNew York UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Lee Ann Rollins
- Evolution & Ecology Research CentreSchool of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesUNSW SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Julia M. Zichello
- Educational Laboratory for Comparative Genomics and Human OriginsAmerican Museum of Natural HistoryNew YorkNYUSA
- Division of AnthropologyAmerican Museum of Natural HistoryNew YorkNYUSA
- Division of Natural SciencesCollege of Mt. St. VincentBronxNYUSA
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19
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Latombe G, Canavan S, Hirsch H, Hui C, Kumschick S, Nsikani MM, Potgieter LJ, Robinson TB, Saul W, Turner SC, Wilson JRU, Yannelli FA, Richardson DM. A four‐component classification of uncertainties in biological invasions: implications for management. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G. Latombe
- Department of Botany and Zoology Centre for Invasion Biology Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch 7602 South Africa
- Department of Mathematical Sciences Centre for Invasion Biology Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch 7602 South Africa
| | - S. Canavan
- Department of Botany and Zoology Centre for Invasion Biology Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch 7602 South Africa
- Kirstenbosch Research Centre South African National Biodiversity Institute Private Bag X7 Claremont 7735 South Africa
| | - H. Hirsch
- Department of Botany and Zoology Centre for Invasion Biology Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch 7602 South Africa
| | - C. Hui
- Department of Mathematical Sciences Centre for Invasion Biology Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch 7602 South Africa
- Mathematical and Physical Biosciences African Institute for Mathematical Sciences Cape Town 7945 South Africa
| | - S. Kumschick
- Department of Botany and Zoology Centre for Invasion Biology Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch 7602 South Africa
- Kirstenbosch Research Centre South African National Biodiversity Institute Private Bag X7 Claremont 7735 South Africa
| | - M. M. Nsikani
- Department of Botany and Zoology Centre for Invasion Biology Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch 7602 South Africa
| | - L. J. Potgieter
- Department of Botany and Zoology Centre for Invasion Biology Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch 7602 South Africa
| | - T. B. Robinson
- Department of Botany and Zoology Centre for Invasion Biology Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch 7602 South Africa
| | - W.‐C. Saul
- Department of Botany and Zoology Centre for Invasion Biology Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch 7602 South Africa
- Department of Mathematical Sciences Centre for Invasion Biology Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch 7602 South Africa
| | - S. C. Turner
- Department of Botany and Zoology Centre for Invasion Biology Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch 7602 South Africa
| | - J. R. U. Wilson
- Department of Botany and Zoology Centre for Invasion Biology Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch 7602 South Africa
- Kirstenbosch Research Centre South African National Biodiversity Institute Private Bag X7 Claremont 7735 South Africa
| | - F. A. Yannelli
- Department of Botany and Zoology Centre for Invasion Biology Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch 7602 South Africa
| | - D. M. Richardson
- Department of Botany and Zoology Centre for Invasion Biology Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch 7602 South Africa
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20
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Ogden NH, Wilson JRU, Richardson DM, Hui C, Davies SJ, Kumschick S, Le Roux JJ, Measey J, Saul WC, Pulliam JRC. Emerging infectious diseases and biological invasions: a call for a One Health collaboration in science and management. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:181577. [PMID: 31032015 PMCID: PMC6458372 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.181577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The study and management of emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) and of biological invasions both address the ecology of human-associated biological phenomena in a rapidly changing world. However, the two fields work mostly in parallel rather than in concert. This review explores how the general phenomenon of an organism rapidly increasing in range or abundance is caused, highlights the similarities and differences between research on EIDs and invasions, and discusses shared management insights and approaches. EIDs can arise by: (i) crossing geographical barriers due to human-mediated dispersal, (ii) crossing compatibility barriers due to evolution, and (iii) lifting of environmental barriers due to environmental change. All these processes can be implicated in biological invasions, but only the first defines them. Research on EIDs is embedded within the One Health concept-the notion that human, animal and ecosystem health are interrelated and that holistic approaches encompassing all three components are needed to respond to threats to human well-being. We argue that for sustainable development, biological invasions should be explicitly considered within One Health. Management goals for the fields are the same, and direct collaborations between invasion scientists, disease ecologists and epidemiologists on modelling, risk assessment, monitoring and management would be mutually beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick H. Ogden
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Canada
- South African DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis (SACEMA), Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - John R. U. Wilson
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Claremont, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - David M. Richardson
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - Cang Hui
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa
- Mathematical and Physical Biosciences, African Institute for Mathematical Sciences (AIMS), Muizenberg 7945, South Africa
| | - Sarah J. Davies
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - Sabrina Kumschick
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Claremont, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Johannes J. Le Roux
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia
| | - John Measey
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - Wolf-Christian Saul
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Juliet R. C. Pulliam
- South African DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis (SACEMA), Stellenbosch University, South Africa
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21
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Demastes JW, Hafner DJ, Hafner MS, Light JE, Spradling TA. Loss of genetic diversity, recovery and allele surfing in a colonizing parasite, Geomydoecus aurei. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:703-720. [PMID: 30589151 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the genetic consequences of changes in species distributions has wide-ranging implications for predicting future outcomes of climate change, for protecting threatened or endangered populations and for understanding the history that has led to current genetic patterns within species. Herein, we examine the genetic consequences of range expansion over a 25-year period in a parasite (Geomydoecus aurei) that is in the process of expanding its geographic range via invasion of a novel host. By sampling the genetics of 1,935 G. aurei lice taken from 64 host individuals collected over this time period using 12 microsatellite markers, we test hypotheses concerning linear spatial expansion, genetic recovery time and allele surfing. We find evidence of decreasing allelic richness (AR) with increasing distance from the source population, supporting a linear, stepping stone model of spatial expansion that emphasizes the effects of repeated bottleneck events during colonization. We provide evidence of post-bottleneck genetic recovery, with average AR of infrapopulations increasing about 30% over the 225-generation span of time observed directly in this study. Our estimates of recovery rate suggest, however, that recovery has plateaued and that this population may not reach genetic diversity levels of the source population without further immigration from the source population. Finally, we employ a grid-based sampling scheme in the region of ongoing population expansion and provide empirical evidence for the power of allele surfing to impart genetic structure on a population, even under conditions of selective neutrality and in a place that lacks strong barriers to gene flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Demastes
- Department of Biology, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, Iowa
| | - David J Hafner
- Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Mark S Hafner
- Museum of Natural Science and Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Jessica E Light
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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22
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Low population genetic differentiation in two Tamarix species (Tamarix austromongolica and Tamarix chinensis) along the Yellow River. Genetica 2018; 147:13-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s10709-018-0047-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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23
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Diedericks G, Henriques R, von der Heyden S, Weyl OLF, Hui C. The ghost of introduction past: Spatial and temporal variability in the genetic diversity of invasive smallmouth bass. Evol Appl 2018; 11:1609-1629. [PMID: 30344631 PMCID: PMC6183467 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the demographic history of introduced populations is essential for unravelling their invasive potential and adaptability to a novel environment. To this end, levels of genetic diversity within the native and invasive range of a species are often compared. Most studies, however, focus solely on contemporary samples, relying heavily on the premise that the historic population structure within the native range has been maintained over time. Here, we assess this assumption by conducting a three-way comparison of the genetic diversity of native (historic and contemporary) and invasive (contemporary) smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) populations. Analyses of a total of 572 M. dolomieu samples, representing the contemporary invasive South African range, contemporary and historical native USA range (dating back to the 1930s when these fish were first introduced into South Africa), revealed that the historical native range had higher genetic diversity levels when compared to both contemporary native and invasive ranges. These results suggest that both contemporary populations experienced a recent genetic bottleneck. Furthermore, the invasive range displayed significant population structure, whereas both historical and contemporary native US populations revealed higher levels of admixture. Comparison of contemporary and historical samples showed both a historic introduction of M. dolomieu and a more recent introduction, thereby demonstrating that undocumented introductions of this species have occurred. Although multiple introductions might have contributed to the high levels of genetic diversity in the invaded range, we discuss alternative factors that may have been responsible for the elevated levels of genetic diversity and highlight the importance of incorporating historic specimens into demographic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve Diedericks
- Centre for Invasion BiologyDepartment of Botany and ZoologyStellenbosch UniversityMatielandStellenboschSouth Africa
- Evolutionary Genomics GroupDepartment of Botany and ZoologyStellenbosch UniversityMatielandStellenboschSouth Africa
| | - Romina Henriques
- Section for Marine Living ResourcesNational Institute of Aquatic ResourcesTechnical University of DenmarkLyngbyDenmark
| | - Sophie von der Heyden
- Evolutionary Genomics GroupDepartment of Botany and ZoologyStellenbosch UniversityMatielandStellenboschSouth Africa
| | - Olaf L. F. Weyl
- DST/NRF Research Chair in Inland Fisheries and Freshwater EcologySouth African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB)GrahamstownSouth Africa
- Centre for Invasion BiologySouth African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB)GrahamstownSouth Africa
| | - Cang Hui
- Centre for Invasion BiologyDepartment of Mathematical SciencesStellenbosch UniversityMatielandStellenboschSouth Africa
- Mathematical Biosciences GroupAfrican Institute for Mathematical SciencesCape TownSouth Africa
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24
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Rodger JG, Landi P, Hui C. Heterogeneity in local density allows a positive evolutionary relationship between self-fertilisation and dispersal. Evolution 2018; 72:1784-1800. [PMID: 30039639 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite empirical evidence for a positive relationship between dispersal and self-fertilization (selfing), theoretical work predicts that these traits should always be negatively correlated, and the Good Coloniser Syndrome of high dispersal and selfing (Cf. Baker's Law) should not evolve. Critically, previous work assumes that adult density is spatiotemporally homogeneous, so selfing results in identical offspring production for all patches, eliminating the benefit of dispersal for escaping from local resource competition. We investigate the joint evolution of dispersal and selfing in a demographically structured metapopulation model where local density is spatiotemporally heterogeneous due to extinction-recolonization dynamics. Selfing alleviates outcrossing failure due to low local density (an Allee effect) while dispersal alleviates competition through dispersal of propagules from high- to low-density patches. Because local density is spatiotemporally heterogeneous in our model, selfing does not eliminate heterogeneity in competition, so dispersal remains beneficial even under full selfing. Hence the Good Coloniser Syndrome is evolutionarily stable under a broad range of conditions, and both negative and positive relationships between dispersal and selfing are possible, depending on the environment. Our model thus accommodates positive empirical relationships between dispersal and selfing not predicted by previous theoretical work and provides additional explanations for negative relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- James G Rodger
- Theoretical Ecology Group, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, 7602, South Africa.,Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Pietro Landi
- Theoretical Ecology Group, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, 7602, South Africa.,Evolution and Ecology Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, 2361, Austria
| | - Cang Hui
- Theoretical Ecology Group, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, 7602, South Africa.,Mathematical and Physical Biosciences, African Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Muizenberg, 7945, South Africa
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25
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Arredondo TM, Marchini GL, Cruzan MB. Evidence for human-mediated range expansion and gene flow in an invasive grass. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 285:20181125. [PMID: 30051826 PMCID: PMC6053927 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.1125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cities and adjacent regions represent foci of intense human activity and provide unique opportunities for studying human-mediated dispersal and gene flow. We examined the effect of landscape features on gene flow in the invasive grass Brachypodium sylvaticum across an urban-rural interface at the edge of its expanding range. We used genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism surveys of individuals from 22 locations. Resistance surfaces were created for each landscape feature, using ResistanceGA to optimize resistance parameters. Our Structure analysis identified three distinct clusters, and diversity analyses support the existence of at least three local introductions. Multiple regression on distance matrices showed no evidence that development, roads, canopy cover or agriculture had a significant influence on genetic distance in B. sylvaticum Geographical distance was a mediocre predictor of genetic distance and reflected geographical clustering. The model of rivers acting as a conduit explained a large portion of variation in genetic distance, but the lack of evidence of directional gene flow eliminated hydrochory as a dispersal mechanism. These results and observations of the distribution of populations in disturbed sites indicate that the influence of rivers on patterns of dispersal of B. sylvaticum probably reflects seed dispersal due to human recreational activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina M Arredondo
- Department of Biology, Portland State University, PO Box 751, Portland, OR 97207, USA
| | - Gina L Marchini
- Department of Biology, Portland State University, PO Box 751, Portland, OR 97207, USA
| | - Mitchell B Cruzan
- Department of Biology, Portland State University, PO Box 751, Portland, OR 97207, USA
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26
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Heppenheimer E, Cosio DS, Brzeski KE, Caudill D, Van Why K, Chamberlain MJ, Hinton JW, vonHoldt B. Demographic history influences spatial patterns of genetic diversityin recently expanded coyote (Canis latrans) populations. Heredity (Edinb) 2018; 120:183-195. [PMID: 29269931 PMCID: PMC5836586 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-017-0014-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Human-mediated range expansions have increased in recent decades and represent unique opportunities to evaluate genetic outcomes of establishing peripheral populations across broad expansion fronts. Over the past century, coyotes (Canis latrans) have undergone a pervasive range expansion and now inhabit every state in the continental United States. Coyote expansion into eastern North America was facilitated by anthropogenic landscape changes and followed two broad expansion fronts. The northern expansion extended through the Great Lakes region and southern Canada, where hybridization with remnant wolf populations was common. The southern and more recent expansion front occurred approximately 40 years later and across territory where gray wolves have been historically absent and remnant red wolves were extirpated in the 1970s. We conducted a genetic survey at 10 microsatellite loci of 482 coyotes originating from 11 eastern U.S. states to address how divergent demographic histories influence geographic patterns of genetic diversity. We found that population structure corresponded to a north-south divide, which is consistent with the two known expansion routes. Additionally, we observed extremely high genetic diversity, which is atypical of recently expanded populations and is likely the result of multiple complex demographic processes, in addition to hybridization with other Canis species. Finally, we considered the transition of allele frequencies across geographic space and suggest the mid-Atlantic states of North Carolina and Virginia as an emerging contact zone between these two distinct coyote expansion fronts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Heppenheimer
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, 106 A Guyot Hall, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA.
| | - Daniela S Cosio
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, 106 A Guyot Hall, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Kristin E Brzeski
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, 106 A Guyot Hall, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Danny Caudill
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, 1105 SW Williston Road, Gainesville, FL, 32601, USA
- Alaska Department of Fish Game, 1300 College Road, Fairbanks, AK, 99701, USA
| | - Kyle Van Why
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, PO Box 60827, Harrisburg, PA, 17106, USA
| | - Michael J Chamberlain
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, 180 E Green Street, Athens, GA, 30621, USA
| | - Joseph W Hinton
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, 180 E Green Street, Athens, GA, 30621, USA
| | - Bridgett vonHoldt
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, 106 A Guyot Hall, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
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27
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Pfennig KS, Kelly AL, Pierce AA. Hybridization as a facilitator of species range expansion. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 283:rspb.2016.1329. [PMID: 27683368 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.1329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Explaining the evolution of species geographical ranges is fundamental to understanding how biodiversity is distributed and maintained. The solution to this classic problem in ecology and evolution remains elusive: we still do not fully know how species geographical ranges evolve and what factors fuel range expansions. Resolving this problem is now more crucial than ever with increasing biodiversity loss, global change and movement of species by humans. Here, we describe and evaluate the hypothesis that hybridization between species can contribute to species range expansion. We discuss how such a process can occur and the empirical data that are needed to test this hypothesis. We also examine how species can expand into new environments via hybridization with a resident species, and yet remain distinct species. Generally, hybridization may play an underappreciated role in influencing the evolution of species ranges. Whether-and to what extent-hybridization has such an effect requires further study across more diverse taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin S Pfennig
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA
| | - Audrey L Kelly
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA
| | - Amanda A Pierce
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA
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28
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Pierce AA, Gutierrez R, Rice AM, Pfennig KS. Genetic variation during range expansion: effects of habitat novelty and hybridization. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 284:rspb.2017.0007. [PMID: 28381622 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
How species' ranges evolve remains an enduring problem in ecology and evolutionary biology. Species' range limits are potentially set by the inability of peripheral populations to adapt to range-edge habitat. Indeed, peripheral populations are often assumed to have reduced genetic diversity and population sizes, which limit evolvability. However, support for this assumption is mixed, possibly because the genetic effects of range expansion depend on two factors: the extent that habitat into which expansion occurs is novel and sources of gene flow. Here, we used spadefoot toads, Spea bombifrons, to contrast the population genetic effects of expansion into novel versus non-novel habitat. We further evaluated gene flow from conspecifics and from heterospecifics via hybridization with a resident species. We found that range expansion into novel habitat, relative to non-novel habitat, resulted in higher genetic differentiation, lower conspecific gene flow and bottlenecks. Moreover, we found that hybridizing with a resident species introduced genetic diversity in the novel habitat. Our results suggest the evolution of species' ranges can depend on the extent of differences in habitat between ancestral and newly occupied ranges. Furthermore, our results highlight the potential for hybridization with a resident species to enhance genetic diversity during expansions into novel habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda A Pierce
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Rafael Gutierrez
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Amber M Rice
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Karin S Pfennig
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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29
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Liang HY, Feng ZP, Pei B, Li Y, Yang XT. Demographic expansion of two Tamarix species along the Yellow River caused by geological events and climate change in the Pleistocene. Sci Rep 2018; 8:60. [PMID: 29311687 PMCID: PMC5758526 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-19034-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The geological events and climatic fluctuations during the Pleistocene played important roles in shaping patterns of species distribution. However, few studies have evaluated the patterns of species distribution that were influenced by the Yellow River. The present work analyzed the demography of two endemic tree species that are widely distributed along the Yellow River, Tamarix austromongolica and Tamarix chinensis, to understand the role of the Yellow River and Pleistocene climate in shaping their distribution patterns. The most common chlorotype, chlorotype 1, was found in all populations, and its divergence time could be dated back to 0.19 million years ago (Ma). This dating coincides well with the formation of the modern Yellow River and the timing of Marine Isotope Stages 5e-6 (MIS 5e-6). Bayesian reconstructions along with models of paleodistribution revealed that these two species experienced a demographic expansion in population size during the Quaternary period. Approximate Bayesian computation analyses supported a scenario of expansion approximately from the upper to lower reaches of the Yellow River. Our results provide support for the roles of the Yellow River and the Pleistocene climate in driving demographic expansion of the populations of T. austromongolica and T. chinensis. These findings are useful for understanding the effects of geological events and past climatic fluctuations on species distribution patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yan Liang
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.,Sanmenxia Polytechnic, Sanmenxia, 472000, China
| | - Zhi-Pei Feng
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Bing Pei
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yong Li
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xi-Tian Yang
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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30
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Karamanlidis AA, Skrbinšek T, de Gabriel Hernando M, Krambokoukis L, Munoz-Fuentes V, Bailey Z, Nowak C, Stronen AV. History-driven population structure and asymmetric gene flow in a recovering large carnivore at the rear-edge of its European range. Heredity (Edinb) 2018; 120:168-182. [PMID: 29225354 PMCID: PMC5837125 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-017-0031-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms and patterns involved in population recoveries is challenging and important in shaping conservation strategies. We used a recovering rear-edge population of brown bears at their southernmost European range in Greece as a case study (2007-2010) to explore the recovery genetics at a species' distribution edge. We used 17 microsatellite and a mitochondrial markers to evaluate genetic structure, estimate effective population size and genetic diversity, and infer gene flow between the identified subpopulations. To understand the larger picture, we also compared the observed genetic diversity of each subpopulation with other brown bear populations in the region. The results indicate that the levels of genetic diversity for bears in western Greece are the lowest recorded in southeastern Europe, but still higher than those of other genetically depauperate bear populations. Apart from a complete separation of bear populations in eastern and western Greece, our results also indicate a considerable genetic sub-structuring in the West. As bear populations in Greece are now recovering, this structure is dissolving through a "recovery cascade" of asymmetric gene flow from South to North between neighboring subpopulations, mediated mainly by males. Our study outlines the importance of small, persisting populations, which can act as "stepping stones" that enable a rapid population expansion and recovery. This in turn makes their importance much greater than their numeric or genetic contribution to a species as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Karamanlidis
- ARCTUROS-Civil Society for the Protection and Management of Wildlife and the Natural Environment, Aetos, 53075, Florina, Greece.
- Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, NO-1432, Ås, Norway.
| | - T Skrbinšek
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - L Krambokoukis
- ARCTUROS-Civil Society for the Protection and Management of Wildlife and the Natural Environment, Aetos, 53075, Florina, Greece
| | - V Munoz-Fuentes
- Conservation Genetics Section, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Clamecystrasse 12, 63571, Gelnhausen, Germany
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Z Bailey
- Conservation Genetics Section, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Clamecystrasse 12, 63571, Gelnhausen, Germany
| | - C Nowak
- Conservation Genetics Section, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Clamecystrasse 12, 63571, Gelnhausen, Germany
| | - A V Stronen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Frederik Bajers Vej 7H, DK-9220, Aalborg Øst, Denmark
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31
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Richardson MF, Sherwin WB, Rollins LA. De Novo Assembly of the Liver Transcriptome of the European Starling, Sturnus vulgaris. J Genomics 2017; 5:54-57. [PMID: 28529652 PMCID: PMC5436464 DOI: 10.7150/jgen.19504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The European starling, Sturnus vulgaris, is a prolific and worldwide invasive species that also has served as an important model for avian ecological and invasion research. Although the genome sequence recently has become available, no transcriptome data have been published for this species. Here, we have sequenced and assembled the S. vulgaris liver transcriptome, which will provide a foundational resource for further annotation and validation of the draft genome. Moreover, it will be important for ecological and evolutionary studies investigating the genetic factors underlying rapid evolution and invasion success in this global invader.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark F Richardson
- Deakin University, Bioinformatics Core Research Group, 75 Pigdons Road, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia.,Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, 75 Pigdons Road, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - William B Sherwin
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Cetacean Research Unit, Murdoch University, South Road, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Lee A Rollins
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, 75 Pigdons Road, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
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32
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Measey J, Davies SJ, Vimercati G, Rebelo A, Schmidt W, Turner A. Invasive amphibians in southern Africa: A review of invasion pathways. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.4102/abc.v47i2.2117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Background: Globally, invasive amphibians are known for their environmental and social impacts that range from poisoning of local fauna and human populations to direct predation on other amphibians. Although several countries on most continents have had multiple introductions of many species, southern Africa appears to have escaped allochthonous introductions. Instead, it has a small number of domestic exotic species that have rapidly expanded their ranges and established invasive populations within South Africa. Objectives methods: We used the literature to provide a historical overview of dispersal by some of the world’s major invasive amphibians, give examples of species that are commonly moved as stowaways and discuss historical and current amphibian trade in the region. In addition, we give an overview of new South African legislation and how this is applied to amphibian invasions, as well as providing updates on the introduced populations of three domestic exotics: Hyperolius marmoratus, Sclerophrys gutturalis and Xenopus laevis. Results: We show that frogs are mainly moved around southern Africa through ‘jump’ dispersal, although there are a number of records of ‘cultivation’, ‘leading-edge’ and ‘extreme long-distance’ dispersal types. Important pathways include trade in fruit and vegetables, horticultural products and shipping containers. Conclusion: We suggest that southern Africa is becoming more vulnerable to amphibian invasions because of an increase in trade, agricultural and domestic impoundments as well as global climate change. Increasing propagule pressure suggests that preventing new introductions will become a key challenge for the future. Currently, trade in amphibians in the region is practically non-existent, suggesting potential for best practice to prevent importation of species with high invasion potential and to stop the spread of disease.
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33
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Vandepitte K, Helsen K, Van Acker K, Mergeay J, Honnay O. Retention of gene diversity during the spread of a non-native plant species. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:3141-3150. [PMID: 28345193 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Spatial expansion, which is a crucial stage in the process to successful biological invasion, is anticipated to profoundly affect the magnitude and spatial distribution of genetic diversity in novel colonized areas. Here, we show that, contrasting common expectations, Pyrenean rocket (Sisymbrium austriacum), retained SNP diversity as this introduced plant species descended in the Meuse River Basin. Allele frequencies did not mirror between-population distances along the predominant expansion axis. Reconstruction of invasion history based on the genotypes of historical herbarium specimens indicated no influence of additional introductions or multiple points of entry on this nongradual pattern. Assignment analysis suggested the admixture of distant upstream sources in recently founded downstream populations. River dynamics seem to have facilitated occasional long-distance dispersal which brought diversity to the expansion front and so maintained evolutionary potential. Our findings highlight the merit of a historical framework in interpreting extant patterns of genetic diversity in introduced species and underscore the need to integrate long-distance dispersal events in theoretical work on the genetic consequences of range expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrien Vandepitte
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Biology Department, University of Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Kenny Helsen
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Biology Department, University of Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium.,Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kasper Van Acker
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Biology Department, University of Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Joachim Mergeay
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Geraardsbergen, Belgium
| | - Olivier Honnay
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Biology Department, University of Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
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Jermakowicz E, Brzosko E, Kotowicz J, Wróblewska A. Genetic Diversity of OrchidMalaxis monophyllosOver European Range as an Effect of Population Properties and Postglacial Colonization. POLISH JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.3161/15052249pje2017.65.1.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Jermakowicz
- Institute of Biology, University of Bialystok, K. Ciołkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Emilia Brzosko
- Institute of Biology, University of Bialystok, K. Ciołkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jarosław Kotowicz
- Faculty of Mathematics and Informatics, University of Bialystok, Ciołkowskiego 1M, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ada Wróblewska
- Institute of Biology, University of Bialystok, K. Ciołkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
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35
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Cao LJ, Wang ZH, Gong YJ, Zhu L, Hoffmann AA, Wei SJ. Low genetic diversity but strong population structure reflects multiple introductions of western flower thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) into China followed by human-mediated spread. Evol Appl 2017; 10:391-401. [PMID: 28352298 PMCID: PMC5367077 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Historical invasion scenarios based on observational records are usually incomplete and biased, but these can be supplemented by population genetic data. The western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis, invaded China in the last 13 years and has rapidly become one of the most serious pests in the country. To assess whether this invasion involved a single event or multiple events, we examined patterns of genetic diversity and population structure of WFT across 12 Chinese populations and a native US population based on mitochondrial DNA and/or 18 microsatellite loci. The average allelic richness and haplotype diversity in Chinese populations were significantly lower than in a population from its native range. The distribution of mitochondrial haplotypes suggested multiple independent invasions of WFT into China, including two invasions into the Beijing region. Based on microsatellite data, two distinct clusters were identified, with both of them splitting further into two clusters; in the Beijing region, the microsatellite data also provided evidence for two introductions. Both the absence of isolation by distance and the fact that distant populations were similar genetically suggest patterns of WFT movement linked to human activities. Our study therefore suggests multiple introductions of WFT into China and human-assisted spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Cao
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Beijing China
| | - Ze-Hua Wang
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Beijing China
| | - Ya-Jun Gong
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Beijing China
| | - Liang Zhu
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Beijing China
| | - Ary Anthony Hoffmann
- School of BioSciences Bio21 Institute The University of Melbourne Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - Shu-Jun Wei
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Beijing China
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36
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Amorim CEG, Hofer T, Ray N, Foll M, Ruiz-Linares A, Excoffier L. Long-distance dispersal suppresses introgression of local alleles during range expansions. Heredity (Edinb) 2017; 118:135-142. [PMID: 27577693 PMCID: PMC5234476 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2016.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
During range expansions, even low levels of interbreeding can lead to massive introgression of local alleles into an invader's genome. Nonetheless, this pattern is not always observed in human populations. For instance, European Americans in North America are barely introgressed by Amerindian genes in spite of known contact and admixture. With coalescent spatially explicit simulations, we examined the impact of long-distance dispersal (LDD) events on introgression of local alleles into the invading population using a set of different demographic scenarios applicable to a diverse range of natural populations and species. More specifically, we consider two distinct LDD models: one where LDD events originate in the range core and targets only the expansion front and a second one where LDD events can occur from any area to any other. We find that LDD generally prevents introgression, but that LDD events specifically targeting the expansion front are most efficient in suppressing introgression. This is likely due to the fact that LDD allows for the presence of a larger number of invader alleles at the wave front, where effective population size is thus increased and local introgressed alleles are rapidly outnumbered. We postulate that the documented settlement of pioneers directly on the wave front in North America has contributed to low levels of Amerindian admixture observed in European Americans and that this phenomenon may well explain the lack of introgression after a range expansion in natural populations without the need to evoke other mechanisms such as natural selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E G Amorim
- Department of Biological Sciences,
Columbia University, New York, NY,
USA
- CAPES Foundation, Ministry of
Education of Brazil, Brasília, Distrito
Federal, Brazil
| | - T Hofer
- Computational and Molecular
Population Genetics Lab, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of
Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of
Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - N Ray
- EnviroSPACE Laboratory, Institute for
Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva,
Switzerland
| | - M Foll
- Genetic Cancer Susceptibility Group,
International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon,
France
| | - A Ruiz-Linares
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and
Environment, University College London, London,
UK
| | - L Excoffier
- Computational and Molecular
Population Genetics Lab, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of
Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of
Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
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37
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Cao LJ, Wei SJ, Hoffmann AA, Wen JB, Chen M. Rapid genetic structuring of populations of the invasive fall webworm in relation to spatial expansion and control campaigns. DIVERS DISTRIB 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control; College of Forestry; Beijing Forestry University; Beijing 100083 China
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection; Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences; Beijing 100097 China
| | - Shu-Jun Wei
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection; Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences; Beijing 100097 China
| | - Ary Anthony Hoffmann
- School of BioSciences; Bio21 Institute; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Vic 3010 Australia
| | - Jun-Bao Wen
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control; College of Forestry; Beijing Forestry University; Beijing 100083 China
| | - Min Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control; College of Forestry; Beijing Forestry University; Beijing 100083 China
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38
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Richardson MF, Sherman CDH, Lee RS, Bott NJ, Hirst AJ. Multiple dispersal vectors drive range expansion in an invasive marine species. Mol Ecol 2016; 25:5001-5014. [PMID: 27552100 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The establishment and subsequent spread of invasive species is widely recognized as one of the most threatening processes contributing to global biodiversity loss. This is especially true for marine and estuarine ecosystems, which have experienced significant increases in the number of invasive species with the increase in global maritime trade. Understanding the rate and mechanisms of range expansion is therefore of significant interest to ecologists and conservation managers alike. Using a combination of population genetic surveys, environmental DNA (eDNA) plankton sampling and hydrodynamic modelling, we examined the patterns of introduction of the predatory Northern Pacific seastar (Asterias amurensis) and pathways of secondary spread within southeast Australia. Genetic surveys across the invasive range reveal some genetic divergence between the two main invasive regions and no evidence of ongoing gene flow, a pattern that is consistent with the establishment of the second invasive region via a human-mediated translocation event. In contrast, hydrodynamic modelling combined with eDNA plankton sampling demonstrated that the establishment of range expansion populations within a region is consistent with natural larval dispersal and recruitment. Our results suggest that both anthropogenic and natural dispersal vectors have played an important role in the range expansion of this species in Australia. The multiple modes of spread combined with high levels of fecundity and a long larval duration in A. amurensis suggests it is likely to continue its range expansion and significantly impact Australian marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark F Richardson
- Bioinformatics Core Research Group, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, Vic., 3220, Australia. .,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, 75 Pigdons Road, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, Vic., 3220, Australia.
| | - Craig D H Sherman
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, 75 Pigdons Road, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, Vic., 3220, Australia
| | - Randall S Lee
- Applied Sciences Group, Environmental Protection Authority, Vic., 3085, Australia
| | - Nathan J Bott
- School of Science and Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Remediation, RMIT University, PO Box 71, Bundoora, Vic., 3083, Australia
| | - Alastair J Hirst
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, 75 Pigdons Road, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, Vic., 3220, Australia
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Becheler R, Xhaard C, Klein EK, Hayden KJ, Frey P, De Mita S, Halkett F. Genetic signatures of a range expansion in natura: when clones play leapfrog. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:6625-6632. [PMID: 27777735 PMCID: PMC5058533 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic consequences of range expansions have generally been investigated at wide geographical and temporal scales, long after the colonization event. A unique ecological system enabled us to both monitor the colonization dynamics and decipher the genetic footprints of expansion over a very short time period. Each year an epidemic of the poplar rust (Melampsora larici‐populina) expands clonally and linearly along the Durance River, in the Alps. The colonization dynamics observed in 2004 showed two phases with different genetic outcomes. Upstream, fast colonization maintained high genetic diversity. Downstream, the colonization wave progressively faltered, diversity eroded, and differentiation increased, as expected under recurrent founder events. In line with the high dispersal abilities of rust pathogens, we provide evidence for leapfrog dispersal of clones. Our results thus emphasize the importance of colonization dynamics in shaping spatial genetic structure in the face of high gene flow.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Constance Xhaard
- UMR IAMINRA Université de Lorraine54000 Nancy France; Present address: INSERM U1018, CESP, Univ. Paris-Sud UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay Institut Gustave Roussy Villejuif France
| | - Etienne K Klein
- UR Biostatistique et Processus Spatiaux INRA 84914 Avignon France
| | - Katherine J Hayden
- UMR IAMINRA Université de Lorraine 54000 Nancy France; Present address: Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh 20a Inverleith Row Edinburgh EH3 5LR UK
| | - Pascal Frey
- UMR IAM INRA Université de Lorraine 54000 Nancy France
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40
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Dudeque Zenni R, Lacerda da Cunha W, Sena G. Rapid increase in growth and productivity can aid invasions by a non-native tree. AOB PLANTS 2016; 8:plw048. [PMID: 27339051 PMCID: PMC4972472 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plw048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Research on biological invasions has produced detailed theories describing range expansions of introduced populations. However, current knowledge of evolutionary factors associated with invasive range expansions, especially those related to rapid evolution of long-lived organisms, is still rudimentary. Here, we used a system of six 40-year-old invasive pine populations that originated from replicated introduction events to study evolution in productivity, growth, and chemical defence traits. We tested the hypotheses that invasive populations were undergoing rapid phenotypic change as populations spread, that populations exhibit trade-offs between evolution in growth and chemical defences, and that rates of rapid evolution in plant growth and productivity effect rates of invasion. Although all invasions started from replicated pools of genetic material and equal propagule pressure, we found divergence in mean values for the six invasive populations in the six traits measured. Not only were there between-population variations but also invasive populations were also rapidly changing along each invasive population expansion. Two populations displayed greater leaf areas (LAs) and smaller specific LAs (SLAs) during range expansion. Four populations had faster growth rates at the leading edge of the invasion front in comparison with plants at the rear edge. In terms of total plant defences, non-volatile resin increased in plants along one invasion gradient and decreased in a second, total needle phenolics increased in plants along one invasion gradient and total wood phenolics increased in plants along the one invasion gradient and decreased in a second. We found no trade-offs between investments in growth and chemical defence. Also, faster rates of change in growth rate and LA were positively associated with greater dispersal distances of invasive populations, suggesting rapid evolution may increase invasiveness. Understanding the roles of both natural and human-mediated ecological and evolutionary processes in population-level dynamics is key to understanding the ability of non-native species to invade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Dudeque Zenni
- Department of Ecology, University of Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília CEP 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Wanderson Lacerda da Cunha
- Department of Ecology, University of Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília CEP 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Sena
- Department of Ecology, University of Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília CEP 70910-900, Brazil
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41
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Ramos R, Song G, Navarro J, Zhang R, Symes CT, Forero MG, Lei F. Population genetic structure and long-distance dispersal of a recently expanding migratory bird. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2016; 99:194-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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42
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Karsten M, Addison P, Jansen van Vuuren B, Terblanche JS. Investigating population differentiation in a major African agricultural pest: evidence from geometric morphometrics and connectivity suggests high invasion potential. Mol Ecol 2016; 25:3019-32. [PMID: 27085997 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The distribution, spatial pattern and population dynamics of a species can be influenced by differences in the environment across its range. Spatial variation in climatic conditions can cause local populations to undergo disruptive selection and ultimately result in local adaptation. However, local adaptation can be constrained by gene flow and may favour resident individuals over migrants-both are factors critical to the assessment of invasion potential. The Natal fruit fly (Ceratitis rosa) is a major agricultural pest in Africa with a history of island invasions, although its range is largely restricted to south east Africa. Across Africa, C. rosa is genetically structured into two clusters (R1 and R2), with these clusters occurring sympatrically in the north of South Africa. The spatial distribution of these genotypic clusters remains unexamined despite their importance for understanding the pest's invasion potential. Here, C. rosa, sampled from 22 South African locations, were genotyped at 11 polymorphic microsatellite loci and assessed morphologically using geometric morphometric wing shape analyses to investigate patterns of population structure and determine connectedness of pest-occupied sites. Our results show little to no intraspecific (population) differentiation, high population connectivity, high effective population sizes and only one morphological type (R2) within South Africa. The absence of the R1 morphotype at sites where it was previously found may be a consequence of differences in thermal niches of the two morphotypes. Overall, our results suggest high invasion potential of this species, that area-wide pest management should be undertaken on a country-wide scale, and that border control is critical to preventing further invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Karsten
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - P Addison
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - B Jansen van Vuuren
- Department of Zoology, Molecular Zoology Laboratory, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa
| | - J S Terblanche
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
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Hagen SB, Kopatz A, Aspi J, Kojola I, Eiken HG. Evidence of rapid change in genetic structure and diversity during range expansion in a recovering large terrestrial carnivore. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 282:20150092. [PMID: 25904665 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recovery of natural populations occurs often with simultaneous or subsequent range expansions. According to population genetic theory, genetic structuring emerges at the expansion front together with decreasing genetic diversity, owing to multiple founder events. Thereupon, as the expansion proceeds and connectivity among populations is established, homogenization and a resurgence of genetic diversity are to be expected. Few studies have used a fine temporal scale combined with genetic sampling to track range expansions as they proceed in wild animal populations. As a natural experiment, the historical eradication of large terrestrial carnivores followed by their recovery and recolonization may facilitate empirical tests of these ideas. Here, using brown bear (Ursus arctos) as model species, we tested predictions from genetic theory of range expansion. Individuals from all over Finland were genotyped for every year between 1996 and 2010 using 12 validated autosomal microsatellite markers. A latitudinal shift of about 110 km was observed in the distribution and delineation of genetic clusters during this period. As the range expansion proceeded, we found, as theory predicts, that the degree of genetic structure decreased, and that both genetic variation and admixture increased. The genetic consequences of range expansions may first be detected after multiple generations, but we found major changes in genetic composition after just 1.5 generations, accompanied by population growth and increased migration. These rapid genetic changes suggest an ongoing concerted action of geographical and demographic expansion combined with substantial immigration of bears from Russia during the recovery of brown bears within the large ecosystem of northern Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snorre B Hagen
- Bioforsk-Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research, 9925 Svanvik, Norway
| | - Alexander Kopatz
- Bioforsk-Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research, 9925 Svanvik, Norway
| | - Jouni Aspi
- Department of Biology, University of Oulu, PO Box 3000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Ilpo Kojola
- Luke-Natural Resources Institute, Viikinkaari 4, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hans Geir Eiken
- Bioforsk-Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research, 9925 Svanvik, Norway
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Barriball K, McNutt EJ, Gorchov DL, Rocha OJ. Inferring invasion patterns of Lonicera maackii (Rupr) Herder (Caprifoliaceae) from the genetic structure of 41 naturalized populations in a recently invaded area. Biol Invasions 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-015-0882-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Pierce AA, Zalucki MP, Bangura M, Udawatta M, Kronforst MR, Altizer S, Haeger JF, de Roode JC. Serial founder effects and genetic differentiation during worldwide range expansion of monarch butterflies. Proc Biol Sci 2015; 281:rspb.2014.2230. [PMID: 25377462 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.2230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Range expansions can result in founder effects, increasing genetic differentiation between expanding populations and reducing genetic diversity along the expansion front. However, few studies have addressed these effects in long-distance migratory species, for which high dispersal ability might counter the effects of genetic drift. Monarchs (Danaus plexippus) are best known for undertaking a long-distance annual migration in North America, but have also dispersed around the world to form populations that do not migrate or travel only short distances. Here, we used microsatellite markers to assess genetic differentiation among 18 monarch populations and to determine worldwide colonization routes. Our results indicate that North American monarch populations connected by land show limited differentiation, probably because of the monarch's ability to migrate long distances. Conversely, we found high genetic differentiation between populations separated by large bodies of water. Moreover, we show evidence for serial founder effects across the Pacific, suggesting stepwise dispersal from a North American origin. These findings demonstrate that genetic drift played a major role in shaping allele frequencies and created genetic differentiation among newly formed populations. Thus, range expansion can give rise to genetic differentiation and declines in genetic diversity, even in highly mobile species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda A Pierce
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Myron P Zalucki
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Marie Bangura
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Milan Udawatta
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Marcus R Kronforst
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Sonia Altizer
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Biogeographic history and cryptic diversity of saxicolous Tropiduridae lizards endemic to the semiarid Caatinga. BMC Evol Biol 2015; 15:94. [PMID: 26001787 PMCID: PMC4494643 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-015-0368-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Phylogeographic research has advanced in South America, with increasing efforts on taxa from the dry diagonal biomes. However, the diversification of endemic fauna from the semiarid Caatinga biome in northeastern Brazil is still poorly known. Here we targeted saxicolous lizards of the Tropidurus semitaeniatus species group to better understand the evolutionary history of these endemic taxa and the Caatinga. We estimated a time-calibrated phylogeny for the species group based on two mitochondrial and two nuclear genes and jointly estimated the species limits and species tree within the group. We also devoted a denser phylogeographic sampling of the T. semitaeniatus complex to explore migration patterns, and the spatiotemporal diffusion history to verify a possible role of the São Francisco River as a promoter of differentiation in this saxicolous group of lizards. Results Phylogenetic analysis detected high cryptic genetic diversity, occurrence of unique microendemic lineages associated with older highlands, and a speciation history that took place during the Pliocene-Pleistocene transition. Species delimitation detected five evolutionary entities within the T. semitaeniatus species group, albeit with low support. Thus, additional data are needed for a more accurate definition of species limits and interspecific relationships within this group. Spatiotemporal analyses reconstructed the geographic origin of the T. semitaeniatus species complex to be located north of the present-day course of the São Francisco River, followed by dispersal that expanded its distribution towards the northwest and south. Gene flow estimates showed higher migration rates into the lineages located north of the São Francisco River. Conclusions The phylogenetic and population structures are intrinsically associated with stable rock surfaces and landscape rearrangements, such as the establishment of drainage basins located to the northern and southern distribution ranges. The T. semitaeniatus complex preserved high genetic diversity during range expansion, possibly as a result of frequent long-distance dispersal events. Our results indicate that both the current course of the São Francisco River and its paleo-courses had an important role in promoting diversification of the Caatinga endemic T. semitaeniatus species group. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-015-0368-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Karsten M, Jansen van Vuuren B, Addison P, Terblanche JS. Deconstructing intercontinental invasion pathway hypotheses of the Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata) using a Bayesian inference approach: are port interceptions and quarantine protocols successfully preventing new invasions? DIVERS DISTRIB 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Minette Karsten
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology; Stellenbosch University; Stellenbosch South Africa
| | - Bettine Jansen van Vuuren
- Centre for Invasion Biology; Department of Zoology; University of Johannesburg; Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Pia Addison
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology; Stellenbosch University; Stellenbosch South Africa
| | - John S. Terblanche
- Centre for Invasion Biology; Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology; Stellenbosch University; Stellenbosch South Africa
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Blackburn TM, Lockwood JL, Cassey P. The influence of numbers on invasion success. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:1942-53. [PMID: 25641210 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The process by which a species becomes a biological invader, at a location where it does not naturally occur, can be divided into a series of sequential stages (transport, introduction, establishment and spread). A species' success at passing through each of these stages depends, in a large part, on the number of individuals available to assist making each transition. Here, we review the evidence that numbers determine success at each stage of the invasion process and then discuss the likely mechanisms by which numbers affect success. We conclude that numbers of individuals affect transport and introduction by moderating the likelihood that abundant (and widespread) species are deliberately or accidentally translocated; affect establishment success by moderating the stochastic processes (demographic, environmental, genetic or Allee) to which small, introduced populations will be vulnerable; and affect invasive spread most likely because of persistent genetic effects determined by the numbers of individuals involved in the establishment phase. We finish by suggesting some further steps to advance our understanding of the influence of numbers on invasion success, particularly as they relate to the genetics of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim M Blackburn
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK; Institute of Zoology, ZSL, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, UK; Distinguished Scientist Fellowship Program, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 1145, Saudi Arabia; School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
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Chown SL, Hodgins KA, Griffin PC, Oakeshott JG, Byrne M, Hoffmann AA. Biological invasions, climate change and genomics. Evol Appl 2015; 8:23-46. [PMID: 25667601 PMCID: PMC4310580 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The rate of biological invasions is expected to increase as the effects of climate change on biological communities become widespread. Climate change enhances habitat disturbance which facilitates the establishment of invasive species, which in turn provides opportunities for hybridization and introgression. These effects influence local biodiversity that can be tracked through genetic and genomic approaches. Metabarcoding and metagenomic approaches provide a way of monitoring some types of communities under climate change for the appearance of invasives. Introgression and hybridization can be followed by the analysis of entire genomes so that rapidly changing areas of the genome are identified and instances of genetic pollution monitored. Genomic markers enable accurate tracking of invasive species' geographic origin well beyond what was previously possible. New genomic tools are promoting fresh insights into classic questions about invading organisms under climate change, such as the role of genetic variation, local adaptation and climate pre-adaptation in successful invasions. These tools are providing managers with often more effective means to identify potential threats, improve surveillance and assess impacts on communities. We provide a framework for the application of genomic techniques within a management context and also indicate some important limitations in what can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven L Chown
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash UniversityClayton, Vic., Australia
| | - Kathryn A Hodgins
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash UniversityClayton, Vic., Australia
| | - Philippa C Griffin
- Department of Genetics, Bio21 Institute, The University of MelbourneParkville, Vic., Australia
| | - John G Oakeshott
- CSIRO Land and Water Flagship, Black Mountain LaboratoriesCanberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Margaret Byrne
- Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, Bentley Delivery CentreBentley, WA, Australia
| | - Ary A Hoffmann
- Departments of Zoology and Genetics, Bio21 Institute, The University of MelbourneParkville, Vic., Australia
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50
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Abstract
The spreading of evolutionary novelties across populations is the central element of adaptation. Unless populations are well mixed (like bacteria in a shaken test tube), the spreading dynamics depend not only on fitness differences but also on the dispersal behavior of the species. Spreading at a constant speed is generally predicted when dispersal is sufficiently short ranged, specifically when the dispersal kernel falls off exponentially or faster. However, the case of long-range dispersal is unresolved: Although it is clear that even rare long-range jumps can lead to a drastic speedup--as air-traffic-mediated epidemics show--it has been difficult to quantify the ensuing stochastic dynamical process. However, such knowledge is indispensable for a predictive understanding of many spreading processes in natural populations. We present a simple iterative scaling approximation supported by simulations and rigorous bounds that accurately predicts evolutionary spread, which is determined by a trade-off between frequency and potential effectiveness of long-distance jumps. In contrast to the exponential laws predicted by deterministic "mean-field" approximations, we show that the asymptotic spatial growth is according to either a power law or a stretched exponential, depending on the tails of the dispersal kernel. More importantly, we provide a full time-dependent description of the convergence to the asymptotic behavior, which can be anomalously slow and is relevant even for long times. Our results also apply to spreading dynamics on networks with a spectrum of long-range links under certain conditions on the probabilities of long-distance travel: These are relevant for the spread of epidemics.
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