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Gao S, Zhang S, Sun J, He X, Xue S, Zhang W, Li P, Lin L, Qu Y, Ward-Fear G, Chen L, Li H. Nanoplastic pollution changes the intestinal microbiome but not the morphology or behavior of a freshwater turtle. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 934:173178. [PMID: 38750733 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Humans produce 350 million metric tons of plastic waste per year, leading to microplastic pollution and widespread environmental contamination, particularly in aquatic environments. This subsequently impacts aquatic organisms in myriad ways, yet the vast majority of research is conducted in marine, rather than freshwater systems. In this study, we exposed eggs and hatchlings of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis) to 80-nm polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) and monitored the impacts on development, behavior and the gut microbiome. We demonstrate that 80-nm PS-NPs can penetrate the eggshell and move into developing embryos. This led to metabolic impairments, as evidenced by bradycardia (a decreased heart rate), which persisted until hatching. We found no evidence that nanoplastic exposure affected hatchling morphology, growth rates, or levels of boldness and exploration, yet we discuss some potential caveats here. Exposure to nanoplastics reduced the diversity and homogeneity of gut microbiota in P. sinensis, with the level of disruption correlating to the length of environmental exposure (during incubation only or post-hatching also). Thirteen core genera (with an initial abundance >1 %) shifted after nanoplastic treatment: pathogenic bacteria increased, beneficial probiotic bacteria decreased, and there was an increase in the proportion of negative correlations between bacterial genera. These changes could have profound impacts on the viability of turtles throughout their lives. Our study highlights the toxicity of environmental NPs to the embryonic development and survival of freshwater turtles. We provide insights about population trends of P. sinensis in the wild, and future directions for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Gao
- Herpetological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shufang Zhang
- Herpetological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jiahui Sun
- Herpetological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xinni He
- Herpetological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shaoshuai Xue
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Herpetological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Peng Li
- Herpetological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Longhui Lin
- Herpetological Research Center, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yanfu Qu
- Herpetological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Georgia Ward-Fear
- School of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Lian Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Hong Li
- Herpetological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Sjodin BMF, Schmidt DA, Galbreath KE, Russello MA. Putative climate adaptation in American pikas (Ochotona princeps) is associated with copy number variation across environmental gradients. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8568. [PMID: 38609461 PMCID: PMC11014952 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59157-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Improved understanding of the genetic basis of adaptation to climate change is necessary for maintaining global biodiversity moving forward. Studies to date have largely focused on sequence variation, yet there is growing evidence that suggests that changes in genome structure may be an even more significant source of adaptive potential. The American pika (Ochotona princeps) is an alpine specialist that shows some evidence of adaptation to climate along elevational gradients, but previous work has been limited to single nucleotide polymorphism based analyses within a fraction of the species range. Here, we investigated the role of copy number variation underlying patterns of local adaptation in the American pika using genome-wide data previously collected across the entire species range. We identified 37-193 putative copy number variants (CNVs) associated with environmental variation (temperature, precipitation, solar radiation) within each of the six major American pika lineages, with patterns of divergence largely following elevational and latitudinal gradients. Genes associated (n = 158) with independent annotations across lineages, variables, and/or CNVs had functions related to mitochondrial structure/function, immune response, hypoxia, olfaction, and DNA repair. Some of these genes have been previously linked to putative high elevation and/or climate adaptation in other species, suggesting they may serve as important targets in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryson M F Sjodin
- Department of Biology, The University of British Columbia, 3247 University Way, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Danielle A Schmidt
- Department of Biology, The University of British Columbia, 3247 University Way, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Kurt E Galbreath
- Department of Biology, Northern Michigan University, 1401 Presque Isle Ave, Marquette, MI, 49855, USA
| | - Michael A Russello
- Department of Biology, The University of British Columbia, 3247 University Way, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada.
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Klein JD, Maduna SN, Dicken ML, da Silva C, Soekoe M, McCord ME, Potts WM, Hagen SB, Bester‐van der Merwe AE. Local adaptation with gene flow in a highly dispersive shark. Evol Appl 2024; 17:e13628. [PMID: 38283610 PMCID: PMC10810256 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Adaptive divergence in response to environmental clines are expected to be common in species occupying heterogeneous environments. Despite numerous advances in techniques appropriate for non-model species, gene-environment association studies in elasmobranchs are still scarce. The bronze whaler or copper shark (Carcharhinus brachyurus) is a large coastal shark with a wide distribution and one of the most exploited elasmobranchs in southern Africa. Here, we assessed the distribution of neutral and adaptive genomic diversity in C. brachyurus across a highly heterogeneous environment in southern Africa based on genome-wide SNPs obtained through a restriction site-associated DNA method (3RAD). A combination of differentiation-based genome-scan (outflank) and genotype-environment analyses (redundancy analysis, latent factor mixed models) identified a total of 234 differentiation-based outlier and candidate SNPs associated with bioclimatic variables. Analysis of 26,299 putatively neutral SNPs revealed moderate and evenly distributed levels of genomic diversity across sites from the east coast of South Africa to Angola. Multivariate and clustering analyses demonstrated a high degree of gene flow with no significant population structuring among or within ocean basins. In contrast, the putatively adaptive SNPs demonstrated the presence of two clusters and deep divergence between Angola and all other individuals from Namibia and South Africa. These results provide evidence for adaptive divergence in response to a heterogeneous seascape in a large, mobile shark despite high levels of gene flow. These results are expected to inform management strategies and policy at the national and regional level for conservation of C. brachyurus populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana D. Klein
- Molecular Breeding and Biodiversity Research Group, Department of GeneticsStellenbosch UniversityStellenboschSouth Africa
| | - Simo N. Maduna
- Department of Ecosystems in the Barents Region, Svanhovd Research StationNorwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research—NIBIOSvanvikNorway
| | - Matthew L. Dicken
- KwaZulu‐Natal Sharks BoardUmhlanga RocksSouth Africa
- Institute for Coastal and Marine Research (CMR), Ocean Sciences CampusNelson Mandela UniversityGqeberhaSouth Africa
| | - Charlene da Silva
- Department of Forestry, Fisheries and EnvironmentRogge BaySouth Africa
| | - Michelle Soekoe
- Division of Marine ScienceReel Science CoalitionCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Meaghen E. McCord
- South African Shark ConservancyHermanusSouth Africa
- Canadian Parks and Wilderness SocietyVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Warren M. Potts
- Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries ScienceRhodes UniversityMakhandaSouth Africa
- South African Institute for Aquatic BiodiversityMakhandaSouth Africa
| | - Snorre B. Hagen
- Department of Ecosystems in the Barents Region, Svanhovd Research StationNorwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research—NIBIOSvanvikNorway
| | - Aletta E. Bester‐van der Merwe
- Molecular Breeding and Biodiversity Research Group, Department of GeneticsStellenbosch UniversityStellenboschSouth Africa
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Zhang L, Chen J, Zhao R, Zhong J, Lin L, Li H, Ji X, Qu Y. Genomic insights into local adaptation in the Asiatic toad Bufo gargarizans, and its genomic offset to climate warming. Evol Appl 2023; 16:1071-1083. [PMID: 37216027 PMCID: PMC10197391 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic signatures of local adaptation have been identified in many species but remain sparsely studied in amphibians. Here, we explored genome-wide divergence within the Asiatic toad, Bufo gargarizans, to study local adaptation and genomic offset (i.e., the mismatch between current and future genotype-environment relationships) under climate warming scenarios. We obtained high-quality SNP data for 94 Asiatic toads from 21 populations in China to study spatial patterns of genomic variation, local adaptation, and genomic offset to warming in this wide-ranging species. Population structure and genetic diversity analysis based on high-quality SNPs revealed three clusters of B. gargarizans in the western, central-eastern, and northeastern portions of the species' range in China. Populations generally dispersed along two migration routes, one from the west to the central-east and one from the central-east to the northeast. Both genetic diversity and pairwise F ST were climatically correlated, and pairwise F ST was also correlated with geographic distance. Spatial genomic patterns in B. gargarizans were determined by the local environment and geographic distance. Global warming will increase the extirpation risk of B. gargarizans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu‐Wen Zhang
- College of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jun‐Qiong Chen
- College of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Ru‐Meng Zhao
- College of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jun Zhong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental SciencesWenzhou UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Long‐Hui Lin
- College of Life and Environmental SciencesHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Hong Li
- College of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xiang Ji
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental SciencesWenzhou UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Yan‐Fu Qu
- College of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityNanjingChina
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5
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Evans A, de Kort H, Brys R, Duffy KJ, Jersáková J, Kull T, Selosse MA, Tsiftsis S, Minasiewicz J, Jacquemyn H. Historical biogeography and local adaptation explain population genetic structure in a widespread terrestrial orchid. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 131:623-634. [PMID: 36680796 PMCID: PMC10147325 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Historical changes in environmental conditions and colonization-extinction dynamics have a direct impact on the genetic structure of plant populations. However, understanding how past environmental conditions influenced the evolution of species with high gene flow is challenging when signals for genetic isolation and adaptation are swamped by gene flow. We investigated the spatial distribution and genetic structure of the widespread terrestrial orchid Epipactis helleborine to identify glacial refugia, characterize postglacial population dynamics and assess its adaptive potential. METHODS Ecological niche modelling was used to locate possible glacial refugia and postglacial recolonization opportunities of E. helleborine. A large single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) dataset obtained through genotyping by sequencing was used to define population genetic diversity and structure and to identify sources of postglacial gene flow. Outlier analyses were used to elucidate how adaptation to the local environment contributed to population divergence. KEY RESULTS The distribution of climatically suitable areas was restricted during the Last Glacial Maximum to the Mediterranean, south-western Europe and small areas in the Alps and Carpathians. Within-population genetic diversity was high in E. helleborine (mean expected heterozygosity, 0.373 ± 0.006; observed heterozygosity, 0.571 ± 0.012; allelic richness, 1.387 ± 0.007). Italy and central Europe are likely to have acted as important genetic sources during postglacial recolonization. Adaptive SNPs were associated with temperature, elevation and precipitation. CONCLUSIONS Forests in the Mediterranean and Carpathians are likely to have acted as glacial refugia for Epipactis helleborine. Postglacial migration northwards and to higher elevations resulted in the dispersal and diversification of E. helleborine in central Europe and Italy, and to geographical isolation and divergent adaptation in Greek and Italian populations. Distinguishing adaptive from neutral genetic diversity allowed us to conclude that E. helleborine has a high adaptive potential to climate change and demonstrates that signals of adaptation and historical isolation can be identified even in species with high gene flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Evans
- Department of Biology, Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hanne de Kort
- Department of Biology, Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rein Brys
- Research Institute for Forest and Nature, Geraardsbergen, Belgium
| | - Karl J Duffy
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Monte Sant’Angelo, Naples 80126, Italy
| | - Jana Jersáková
- Department of Biology of Ecosystems, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Tiiu Kull
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 5 Kreutzwaldi, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Marc-André Selosse
- Institut Systématique Evolution Biodiversité, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Conservation, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Spyros Tsiftsis
- Department of Forest and Natural Environment Sciences, International Hellenic University, GR-66132, Drama, Greece
| | - Julita Minasiewicz
- Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Conservation, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Hans Jacquemyn
- Department of Biology, Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Zamora-Camacho FJ, Burraco P, Zambrano-Fernández S, Aragón P. Ammonium effects on oxidative stress, telomere length, and locomotion across life stages of an anuran from habitats with contrasting land-use histories. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 862:160924. [PMID: 36526187 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanistic implications behind wildlife responses to global changes is a central topic in eco-evolutionary research. In particular, anthropic pollution is known to impact wild populations across the globe, which may have even stronger consequences for species with complex life cycles. Among vertebrates, amphibians represent a paradigmatic example of metamorphosis, and their characteristics make them highly vulnerable to pollution. Here, we tested for differences in the redox status, telomere length, and locomotor performance across life stages of green frogs (Pelophylax perezi) from agrosystem and natural habitats, both constitutively and in response to an experimental ammonium exposure (10 mg/L). We found that larvae from the agrosystem constitutively showed an enhanced redox status (better antioxidant balance against H2O2, lower lipid peroxidation) but shorter telomeres as compared to larvae from the natural environment. The larval redox response to ammonium was, overall, similar in both habitats. In contrast, after metamorphosis, the redox status of individuals from the natural habitat seemed to cope better with ammonium exposure (denoted by lower lipid peroxidation), and differences between habitats in telomere length were no longer present. Intriguingly, while the swimming performance of larvae did not correlate with individual's physiology, metamorphs with lower glutathione reductase activity and longer telomeres had a better jumping performance. This may suggest that locomotor performance is both traded off with the production of reactive oxygen species and potentiated directly by longer telomeres or indirectly by the mechanisms that buffer their shortening. Overall, our study suggests that contrasting land-use histories can drive divergence in physiological pathways linked to individual health and lifespan. Since this pattern was life-stage dependent, divergent habitat conditions can have contrasting implications across the ontogenetic development of species with complex life cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier Zamora-Camacho
- Department of Biogeography and Global Change, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), C/José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Pablo Burraco
- Department of Wetland Ecology, Doñana Biological Station, Avda. Américo Vespucio 26, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | | | - Pedro Aragón
- Department of Biogeography and Global Change, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), C/José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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Geographical Variation in Body Size and the Bergmann's Rule in Andrew's Toad ( Bufo andrewsi). BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11121766. [PMID: 36552274 PMCID: PMC9775554 DOI: 10.3390/biology11121766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Environmental variation likely modifies the life-history traits of vertebrates. As ectothermic vertebrates, it is possible that the body size of amphibians is impacted by environmental conditions. Here, we firstly quantified age and body size variation in the Andrew's toad (Bufo andrewsi) across the Hengduan Mountains. Then, we examined the environmental correlates of this variation based on the literature and our unpublished data on the age and body size of the Andrew's toad from 31 populations distributed in southwestern China. Although our analysis revealed significant variations in age and body size across B. andrewsi populations, neither latitude nor altitude correlated with this variability in age and body size. We found that age at sexual maturity, mean age, and longevity increased with decreasing annual mean temperature, whereas age at sexual maturity increased with decreasing temperature seasonality, implying that temperature was a crucial habitat characteristic that modulated age structure traits. Moreover, we revealed positive associations between age structure and UV-B seasonality, and negative relationships between both mean age and longevity and precipitation seasonality. We also found that body size increased with increasing precipitation in the driest month and UV-B seasonality. However, body size did not covary with temperature, signifying no support for Bergmann's rule. These findings help us to understand amphibians' abilities to adapt to environmental variation, which is particularly important in order to provide a theorical basis for their conservation.
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Gutiérrez‐Pesquera LM, Tejedo M, Camacho A, Enriquez‐Urzelai U, Katzenberger M, Choda M, Pintanel P, Nicieza AG. Phenology and plasticity can prevent adaptive clines in thermal tolerance across temperate mountains: The importance of the elevation-time axis. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9349. [PMID: 36225839 PMCID: PMC9534760 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Critical thermal limits (CTmax and CTmin) decrease with elevation, with greater change in CTmin, and the risk to suffer heat and cold stress increasing at the gradient ends. A central prediction is that populations will adapt to the prevailing climatic conditions. Yet, reliable support for such expectation is scant because of the complexity of integrating phenotypic, molecular divergence and organism exposure. We examined intraspecific variation of CTmax and CTmin, neutral variation for 11 microsatellite loci, and micro- and macro-temperatures in larvae from 11 populations of the Galician common frog (Rana parvipalmata) across an elevational gradient, to assess (1) the existence of local adaptation through a PST-FST comparison, (2) the acclimation scope in both thermal limits, and (3) the vulnerability to suffer acute heat and cold thermal stress, measured at both macro- and microclimatic scales. Our study revealed significant microgeographic variation in CTmax and CTmin, and unexpected elevation gradients in pond temperatures. However, variation in CTmax and CTmin could not be attributed to selection because critical thermal limits were not correlated to elevation or temperatures. Differences in breeding phenology among populations resulted in exposure to higher and more variable temperatures at mid and high elevations. Accordingly, mid- and high-elevation populations had higher CTmax and CTmin plasticities than lowland populations, but not more extreme CTmax and CTmin. Thus, our results support the prediction that plasticity and phenological shifts may hinder local adaptation, promoting thermal niche conservatism. This may simply be a consequence of a coupled variation of reproductive timing with elevation (the "elevation-time axis" for temperature variation). Mid and high mountain populations of R. parvipalmata are more vulnerable to heat and cool impacts than lowland populations during the aquatic phase. All of this contradicts some of the existing predictions on adaptive thermal clines and vulnerability to climate change in elevational gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miguel Tejedo
- Department of Evolutionary EcologyEstación Biológica de Doñana, CSICSevillaSpain
| | - Agustín Camacho
- Department of Evolutionary EcologyEstación Biológica de Doñana, CSICSevillaSpain
| | | | - Marco Katzenberger
- Department of Evolutionary EcologyEstación Biológica de Doñana, CSICSevillaSpain,Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Biology, Department of GeneticsUniversidade Federal de PernambucoRecifePrince Edward IslandBrazil
| | - Magdalena Choda
- Department of Organisms and Systems BiologyUniversity of OviedoOviedoSpain
| | - Pol Pintanel
- Department of Evolutionary EcologyEstación Biológica de Doñana, CSICSevillaSpain,Laboratorio de Ecofisiología and Museo de Zoología (QCAZ), Escuela de Ciencias BiológicasPontificia Universidad Católica del EcuadorQuitoEcuador
| | - Alfredo G. Nicieza
- Department of Organisms and Systems BiologyUniversity of OviedoOviedoSpain,Biodiversity Research Institute (IMIB)University of Oviedo‐Principality of Asturias‐CSICMieresSpain
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de la Fuente A, Krockenberger A, Hirsch B, Cernusak L, Williams SE. Predicted alteration of vertebrate communities in response to climate‐induced elevational shifts. DIVERS DISTRIB 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro de la Fuente
- College of Science & Engineering Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, James Cook University Townsville Queensland Australia
| | - Andrew Krockenberger
- Division of Research and Innovation James Cook University Cairns Queensland Australia
| | - Ben Hirsch
- College of Science & Engineering Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, James Cook University Townsville Queensland Australia
| | - Lucas Cernusak
- College of Science and Engineering Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, James Cook University Cairns Queensland Australia
| | - Stephen E. Williams
- College of Science & Engineering Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, James Cook University Townsville Queensland Australia
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10
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Yao Z, Huang K, Qi Y. Post-exercise Hypothermia Varies Between High- and Low-Altitude Populations in the Asiatic Toad (Bufo gargarizans). Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.846663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether and how poikilothermic animals change their thermal performance to cope with global warming are crucial questions to predict the future of biodiversity. Intraspecific comparison among populations that occur in different climatic zones can provide insight into how poikilotherms may alter their thermal performance under a particular climatic event. We compared populations of the Asiatic toad (Bufo gargarizans) from two altitudinal zones (3239 and 926 m above sea level) to explore variations of post-exercise hypothermia, which can lead to lower temperature preference than normal conditions. Common garden experiment was also employed to test plasticity of hypothermic performance in adult toads. As results, exhaustive exercise induced measurable reduction in body temperature for both populations. Furthermore, high-altitude population experienced larger reduction in body temperature than low-altitude conspecifics in both original habitat and common garden conditions. Therefore, low-altitude toads may to enhance their hypothermic reaction if they shift their ranges to higher altitudes to survive warming climate; However, the relatively limited plasticity of hypothermic performance may constraint their adaptative process.
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11
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Landscape Genetics and Species Delimitation in the Andean Palm Rocket Frog (Aromobatidae, Rheobates). J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/6774225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The complex topography of the species-rich northern Andes creates heterogeneous environmental landscapes that are hypothesized to have promoted population fragmentation and diversification by processes such as vicariance or local adaptation. Previous phylogenetic work on the palm rocket frog (Anura: Aromobatidae: Rheobates spp.), endemic to midelevation forests of Colombia, suggested that valleys were important in promoting divergence between lineages. In this study, we first evaluated previous hypotheses of species-level diversity, then fitted an isolation-with-migration (IM) historical demographic model, and tested two landscape genetic models to explain genetic divergence within Rheobates: isolation by distance and isolation by environment. The data consisted of two mitochondrial and four nuclear genes from 24 samples covering most of the geographic range of the genus. Species delimitation by Bayesian Phylogenetics and Phylogeography recovered five highly divergent genetic lineages within Rheobates, among which few to no migrants are exchanged according to IM. We found that isolation by environment provided the only variable significantly correlated with genetic distances for both mitochondrial and nuclear genes, suggesting that local adaptation may have a role in driving the genetic divergence within this frog genus. Thus, genetic divergence in Rheobates may be driven more by variation among the local environments where these frogs live rather than by geographic distance.
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12
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Contrasting environmental drivers of genetic and phenotypic divergence in an Andean poison frog (Epipedobates anthonyi). Heredity (Edinb) 2022; 128:33-44. [PMID: 34718332 PMCID: PMC8733028 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-021-00481-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic and genetic divergence are shaped by the homogenizing effects of gene flow and the differentiating processes of genetic drift and local adaptation. Herein, we examined the mechanisms that underlie phenotypic (size and color) and genetic divergence in 35 populations (535 individuals) of the poison frog Epipedobates anthonyi along four elevational gradients (0-1800 m asl) in the Ecuadorian Andes. We found phenotypic divergence in size and color despite relatively low genetic divergence at neutral microsatellite loci. Genetic and phenotypic divergence were both explained by landscape resistance between sites (isolation-by-resistance, IBR), likely due to a cold and dry mountain ridge between the northern and southern elevational transects that limits dispersal and separates two color morphs. Moreover, environmental differences among sites also explained genetic and phenotypic divergence, suggesting isolation-by-environment (IBE). When northern and southern transects were analyzed separately, genetic divergence was predicted either by distance (isolation-by-distance, IBD; northern) or environmental resistance between sites (IBR; southern). In contrast, phenotypic divergence was primarily explained by environmental differences among sites, supporting the IBE hypothesis. These results indicate that although distance and geographic barriers are important drivers of population divergence, environmental variation has a two-fold effect on population divergence. On the one hand, landscape resistance between sites reduces gene flow (IBR), while on the other hand, environmental differences among sites exert divergent selective pressures on phenotypic traits (IBE). Our work highlights the importance of studying both genetic and phenotypic divergence to better understand the processes of population divergence and speciation along ecological gradients.
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13
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Arietta AZA, Skelly DK. Rapid microgeographic evolution in response to climate change. Evolution 2021; 75:2930-2943. [PMID: 34519355 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Environmental change is predicted to accelerate into the future and will exert strong selection pressure on biota. Although many species may be fated to extinction, others may survive through their capacity to evolve rapidly at highly localized (i.e., microgeographic) scales. Yet, even as new examples have been discovered, the limits to such evolutionary responses have not often been evaluated. One of the first examples of microgeographic variation involved pond populations of wood frogs (Rana sylvatica). Although separated by just tens to hundreds of meters, these populations exhibited countergradient variation in intrinsic embryonic development rates when reared in a common garden. We repeated this experiment 17 years (approximately six to nine generations) later and found that microgeographic variation persists in contemporary populations. Furthermore, we found that contemporary embryos have evolved to develop 14-19% faster than those in 2001. Structural equation models indicate that the predominant cause for this response is likely due to changes in climate over the intervening 17 years. Despite potential for rapid and fine-scale evolution, demographic declines in populations experiencing the greatest changes in climate and habitat imply a limit to the species' ability to mitigate extreme environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Z Andis Arietta
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520
| | - David K Skelly
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520
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14
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Ecological adaptation drives wood frog population divergence in life history traits. Heredity (Edinb) 2021; 126:790-804. [PMID: 33536638 PMCID: PMC8102587 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-021-00409-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic variation among populations is thought to be generated from spatial heterogeneity in environments that exert selection pressures that overcome the effects of gene flow and genetic drift. Here, we tested for evidence of isolation by distance or by ecology (i.e., ecological adaptation) to generate variation in early life history traits and phenotypic plasticity among 13 wood frog populations spanning 1200 km and 7° latitude. We conducted a common garden experiment and related trait variation to an ecological gradient derived from an ecological niche model (ENM) validated to account for population density variation. Shorter larval periods, smaller body weight, and relative leg lengths were exhibited by populations with colder mean annual temperatures, greater precipitation, and less seasonality in precipitation and higher population density (high-suitability ENM values). After accounting for neutral genetic variation, the QST-FST analysis supported ecological selection as the key process generating population divergence. Further, the relationship between ecology and traits was dependent upon larval density. Specifically, high-suitability/high-density populations in the northern part of the range were better at coping with greater conspecific competition, evidenced by greater postmetamorphic survival and no difference in body weight when reared under stressful conditions of high larval density. Our results support that both climate and competition selection pressures drive clinal variation in larval and metamorphic traits in this species. Range-wide studies like this one are essential for accurate predictions of population's responses to ongoing ecological change.
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15
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Yao Z, Qi Y, Yue B, Fu J. Brain size variation along altitudinal gradients in the Asiatic Toad ( Bufo gargarizans). Ecol Evol 2021; 11:3015-3027. [PMID: 33841763 PMCID: PMC8019028 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Size changes in brain and brain regions along altitudinal gradients provide insight into the trade-off between energetic expenditure and cognitive capacity. We investigated the brain size variations of the Asiatic Toad (Bufo gargarizans) across altitudes from 700 m to 3,200 m. A total of 325 individuals from 11 sites and two transects were sampled. To reduce confounding factors, all sampling sites within each transect were within a maximum distance of 85 km and an altitudinal difference close to 2,000 m. Brains were dissected, and five regions were both measured directly and with 3D CT scan. There is a significant negative correlation between the relative whole-brain volume (to snout-vent length) and altitude. Furthermore, the relative volumes (to whole-brain volume) of optic tectum and cerebellum also decrease along the altitudinal gradients, while the telencephalon increases its relative volume along the gradients. Therefore, our results are mostly consistent with the expensive brain hypothesis and the functional constraint hypothesis. We suggest that most current hypotheses are not mutually exclusive and data supporting one hypothesis are often partially consistent with others. More studies on mechanisms are needed to explain the brain size evolution in natural populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyi Yao
- Chengdu Institute of BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesChengduChina
- College of Life SciencesSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yin Qi
- Chengdu Institute of BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesChengduChina
| | - Bisong Yue
- College of Life SciencesSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jinzhong Fu
- Chengdu Institute of BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesChengduChina
- Department of Integrative BiologyUniversity of GuelphGuelphONCanada
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16
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Dufresnes C, Rodrigues N, Savary R. Slow and steady wins the race: contrasted phylogeographic signatures in two Alpine amphibians. Integr Zool 2021; 17:181-190. [PMID: 33433936 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A deeper phylogeographic structure is expected for slow-dispersing habitat specialists compared to widespread adaptable species, especially in topographically complex regions. We tested this classic assumption by comparing the genomic (RAD-sequencing) phylogeographies of two amphibians inhabiting the Swiss Alps: the mobile, cosmopolitan common frog (Rana temporaria) against the stationary, mountain endemic Alpine salamander (Salamandra atra). Our results ran opposite of predictions: the frog displayed significantly higher genetic divergences and lower within-population variation compared to the salamander. This implies a prominent role for their distinctive glacial histories in shaping intraspecific diversity and structure: diversification and recolonization from several circum-Alpine micro-refugia for the frog versus a single refugium for the salamander, potentially combined with better population connectivity and stability. These striking differences emphasize the great variability of phylogeographic responses to the Quaternary glaciations, hence the complexity to predict general patterns of genetic diversity at the regional scale, and the forces that underlie them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Dufresnes
- LASER, College of Biology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nicolas Rodrigues
- Department of Ecology & Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Romain Savary
- Laboratory for Biological Geochemistry, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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17
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Muir AP, Dubois SF, Ross RE, Firth LB, Knights AM, Lima FP, Seabra R, Corre E, Le Corguillé G, Nunes FLD. Seascape genomics reveals population isolation in the reef-building honeycomb worm, Sabellaria alveolata (L.). BMC Evol Biol 2020; 20:100. [PMID: 32778052 PMCID: PMC7418442 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-020-01658-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Under the threat of climate change populations can disperse, acclimatise or evolve in order to avoid fitness loss. In light of this, it is important to understand neutral gene flow patterns as a measure of dispersal potential, but also adaptive genetic variation as a measure of evolutionary potential. In order to assess genetic variation and how this relates to environment in the honeycomb worm (Sabellaria alveolata (L.)), a reef-building polychaete that supports high biodiversity, we carried out RAD sequencing using individuals from along its complete latitudinal range. Patterns of neutral population genetic structure were compared to larval dispersal as predicted by ocean circulation modelling, and outlier analyses and genotype-environment association tests were used to attempt to identify loci under selection in relation to local temperature data. RESULTS We genotyped 482 filtered SNPs, from 68 individuals across nine sites, 27 of which were identified as outliers using BAYESCAN and ARLEQUIN. All outlier loci were potentially under balancing selection, despite previous evidence of local adaptation in the system. Limited gene flow was observed among reef-sites (FST = 0.28 ± 0.10), in line with the low dispersal potential identified by the larval dispersal models. The North Atlantic reef emerged as a distinct population and this was linked to high local larval retention and the effect of the North Atlantic Current on dispersal. CONCLUSIONS As an isolated population, with limited potential for natural genetic or demographic augmentation from other reefs, the North Atlantic site warrants conservation attention in order to preserve not only this species, but above all the crucial functional ecological roles that are associated with their bioconstructions. Our study highlights the utility of using seascape genomics to identify populations of conservation concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna P Muir
- Conservation Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Chester, Parkgate Road, Chester, CH1 4BJ, UK.
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin, LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, Université de Brest (UBO), Université Européenne de Bretagne (UEB), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), 29280, Plouzané, France.
| | - Stanislas F Dubois
- Ifremer, DYNECO, Laboratory of Coastal Benthic Ecology, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Rebecca E Ross
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
- Institute of Marine Research, 1870 Nordnes, 5817, Bergen, Norway
| | - Louise B Firth
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Antony M Knights
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Fernando P Lima
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Rui Seabra
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Erwan Corre
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, FR2424, ABiMS, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Gildas Le Corguillé
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, FR2424, ABiMS, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Flavia L D Nunes
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin, LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, Université de Brest (UBO), Université Européenne de Bretagne (UEB), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), 29280, Plouzané, France
- Ifremer, DYNECO, Laboratory of Coastal Benthic Ecology, F-29280, Plouzané, France
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18
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Ruthsatz K, Dausmann KH, Drees C, Becker LI, Hartmann L, Reese J, Reinhardt S, Robinson T, Sabatino NM, Peck MA, Glos J. Altered thyroid hormone levels affect the capacity for temperature-induced developmental plasticity in larvae of Rana temporaria and Xenopus laevis. J Therm Biol 2020; 90:102599. [PMID: 32479394 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Anuran larvae show phenotypic plasticity in age and size at metamorphosis as a response to temperature variation. The capacity for temperature-induced developmental plasticity is determined by the thermal adaptation of a population. Multiple factors such as physiological responses to changing environmental conditions, however, might influence this capacity as well. In anuran larvae, thyroid hormone (TH) levels control growth and developmental rate and changes in TH status are a well-known stress response to sub-optimal environmental conditions. We investigated how chemically altered TH levels affect the capacity to exhibit temperature-induced developmental plasticity in larvae of the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) and the common frog (Rana temporaria). In both species, TH level influenced growth and developmental rate and modified the capacity for temperature-induced developmental plasticity. High TH levels reduced thermal sensitivity of metamorphic traits up to 57% (R. temporaria) and 36% (X. laevis). Rates of growth and development were more plastic in response to temperature in X. laevis (+30%) than in R. temporaria (+6%). Plasticity in rates of growth and development is beneficial to larvae in heterogeneous habitats as it allows a more rapid transition into the juvenile stage where rates of mortality are lower. Therefore, environmental stressors that increase endogenous TH levels and reduce temperature-dependent plasticity may increase risks and the vulnerability of anuran larvae. As TH status also influences metabolism, future studies should investigate whether reductions in physiological plasticity also increases the vulnerability of tadpoles to global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Ruthsatz
- Institute of Zoology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Kathrin H Dausmann
- Institute of Zoology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Claudia Drees
- Institute of Zoology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Laura I Becker
- Institute of Zoology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Lisa Hartmann
- Institute of Zoology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Janica Reese
- Institute of Zoology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Steffen Reinhardt
- Institute of Zoology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Tom Robinson
- Institute of Zoology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Nikita M Sabatino
- Department of Life Sciences, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Ulmenliet 20, 21033 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Myron A Peck
- Institute of Marine Ecosystems and Fisheries Science, University of Hamburg, Große Elbstrasse 133, 22767 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Julian Glos
- Institute of Zoology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
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19
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Van Buskirk J, Jansen van Rensburg A. Relative importance of isolation‐by‐environment and other determinants of gene flow in an alpine amphibian. Evolution 2020; 74:962-978. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Josh Van Buskirk
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental StudiesUniversity of Zurich Zurich 8057 Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Jansen van Rensburg
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental StudiesUniversity of Zurich Zurich 8057 Switzerland
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Bristol Bristol BS8 1TQ United Kingdom
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20
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Ruthsatz K, Dausmann KH, Reinhardt S, Robinson T, Sabatino NM, Peck MA, Glos J. Post-metamorphic carry-over effects of altered thyroid hormone level and developmental temperature: physiological plasticity and body condition at two life stages in Rana temporaria. J Comp Physiol B 2020; 190:297-315. [PMID: 32144506 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-020-01271-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Environmental stress induced by natural and anthropogenic processes including climate change may threaten the productivity of species and persistence of populations. Ectotherms can potentially cope with stressful conditions such as extremes in temperature by exhibiting physiological plasticity. Amphibian larvae experiencing stressful environments display altered thyroid hormone (TH) status with potential implications for physiological traits and acclimation capacity. We investigated how developmental temperature (Tdev) and altered TH levels (simulating proximate effects of environmental stress) influence the standard metabolic rate (SMR), body condition (BC), and thermal tolerance in metamorphic and post-metamorphic anuran larvae of the common frog (Rana temporaria) reared at five constant temperatures (14-28 °C). At metamorphosis, larvae that developed at higher temperatures had higher maximum thermal limits but narrower ranges in thermal tolerance. Mean CTmax was 37.63 °C ± 0.14 (low TH), 36.49 °C ± 0.31 (control), and 36.43 °C ± 0.68 (high TH) in larvae acclimated to different temperatures. Larvae were able to acclimate to higher Tdev by adjusting their thermal tolerance, but not their SMR, and this effect was not impaired by altered TH levels. BC was reduced by 80% (metamorphic) and by 85% (post-metamorphic) at highest Tdev. The effect of stressful larval conditions (i.e., different developmental temperatures and, to some extent, altered TH levels) on SMR and particularly on BC at the onset of metamorphosis was carried over to froglets at the end of metamorphic climax. This has far reaching consequences, since body condition at metamorphosis is known to determine metamorphic success and, thus, is indirectly linked to individual fitness in later life stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Ruthsatz
- Institute for Zoology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Kathrin H Dausmann
- Institute for Zoology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Steffen Reinhardt
- Institute for Zoology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tom Robinson
- Institute for Zoology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nikita M Sabatino
- Department of Life Sciences, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Ulmenliet 20, 21033, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Myron A Peck
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Fisheries Science, University of Hamburg, Olbersweg 24, 22767, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julian Glos
- Institute for Zoology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
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21
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Bachmann JC, Jansen van Rensburg A, Cortazar-Chinarro M, Laurila A, Van Buskirk J. Gene Flow Limits Adaptation along Steep Environmental Gradients. Am Nat 2020; 195:E67-E86. [DOI: 10.1086/707209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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22
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Dufresnes C, Nicieza AG, Litvinchuk SN, Rodrigues N, Jeffries DL, Vences M, Perrin N, Martínez-Solano Í. Are glacial refugia hotspots of speciation and cytonuclear discordances? Answers from the genomic phylogeography of Spanish common frogs. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:986-1000. [PMID: 32012388 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Subdivided Pleistocene glacial refugia, best known as "refugia within refugia", provided opportunities for diverging populations to evolve into incipient species and/or to hybridize and merge following range shifts tracking the climatic fluctuations, potentially promoting extensive cytonuclear discordances and "ghost" mtDNA lineages. Here, we tested which of these opposing evolutionary outcomes prevails in northern Iberian areas hosting multiple historical refugia of common frogs (Rana cf. temporaria), based on a genomic phylogeography approach (mtDNA barcoding and RAD-sequencing). We found evidence for both incipient speciation events and massive cytonuclear discordances. On the one hand, populations from northwestern Spain (Galicia and Asturias, assigned to the regional endemic R. parvipalmata), are deeply-diverged at mitochondrial and nuclear genomes (~4 My of independent evolution), and barely admix with northeastern populations (assigned to R. temporaria sensu stricto) across a narrow hybrid zone (~25 km) located in the Cantabrian Mountains, suggesting that they represent distinct species. On the other hand, the most divergent mtDNA clade, widespread in Cantabria and the Basque country, shares its nuclear genome with other R. temporaria s. s. lineages. Patterns of population expansions and isolation-by-distance among these populations are consistent with past mitochondrial capture and/or drift in generating and maintaining this ghost mitochondrial lineage. This remarkable case study emphasizes the complex evolutionary history that shaped the present genetic diversity of refugial populations, and stresses the need to revisit their phylogeography by genomic approaches, in order to make informed taxonomic inferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Dufresnes
- LASER, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Alfredo G Nicieza
- Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Research Unit of Biodiversity (UMIB, CSIC-UO-PA), Mieres, Spain
| | - Spartak N Litvinchuk
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia.,Dagestan State University, Makhachkala, Russia
| | - Nicolas Rodrigues
- Department of Ecology & Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniel L Jeffries
- Department of Ecology & Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Miguel Vences
- Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Nicolas Perrin
- Department of Ecology & Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Íñigo Martínez-Solano
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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23
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Mulero S, Rey O, Arancibia N, Mas-Coma S, Boissier J. Persistent establishment of a tropical disease in Europe: the preadaptation of schistosomes to overwinter. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:379. [PMID: 31358021 PMCID: PMC6664521 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3635-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Global changes promote the spread of infectious diseases worldwide. In this context, tropical urogenital schistosomiasis is now permanently established in Corsica since its first emergence in 2013. The local persistence of the tropical pathogens (schistosomes) responsible for urogenital schistosomiasis at such latitudes might be explained by (i) the presence of its intermediate host, the snail Bulinus truncatus, (ii) the recurrent local reseeding of schistosomes by their vertebrate hosts (either human or animal) every summer, and/or (iii) the maintenance and survival of schistosomes within their snail hosts over winter. Methods In this study we conducted an ecological experiment to assess the ability of temperate and tropical schistosome strains to survive in classical winter temperatures in Corsican rivers when infecting temperate (local) snail strains. We also quantified the ability of the schistosomes to complete their life-cycle post-overwintering when returned to classical summer water temperatures. Results Our results show that Mediterranean molluscs are locally adapted to winter conditions compared to tropical molluscs. Moreover, temperate and tropical schistosome strains equally survived the cold and produced viable offspring when returned to optimal temperatures. These results indicate that schistosomes can overwinter under temperate climates when infecting locally adapted snails and might partly explain the establishment and maintenance of schistosomes in Corsica from year to year. Conclusions The observed broader thermal range of schistosomes compared to that of their snail hosts was unexpected and clearly indicates that the spread and establishment of schistosomiasis in temperate countries relies primarily on the presence of the locally adapted snail host lineages, currently known to be present in France, Italy, Portugal, Spain and Greece.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Mulero
- IHPE, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, University of Perpignan Via Domitia, 66860, Perpignan, France
| | - Olivier Rey
- IHPE, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, University of Perpignan Via Domitia, 66860, Perpignan, France
| | - Nathalie Arancibia
- IHPE, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, University of Perpignan Via Domitia, 66860, Perpignan, France
| | - Santiago Mas-Coma
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jérôme Boissier
- IHPE, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, University of Perpignan Via Domitia, 66860, Perpignan, France.
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24
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Yadav S, Stow AJ, Dudaniec RY. Detection of environmental and morphological adaptation despite high landscape genetic connectivity in a pest grasshopper (Phaulacridium vittatum). Mol Ecol 2019; 28:3395-3412. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.15146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonu Yadav
- Department of Biological Sciences Macquarie University North Ryde NSW Australia
| | - Adam J. Stow
- Department of Biological Sciences Macquarie University North Ryde NSW Australia
| | - Rachael Y. Dudaniec
- Department of Biological Sciences Macquarie University North Ryde NSW Australia
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25
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Rödin‐Mörch P, Luquet E, Meyer‐Lucht Y, Richter‐Boix A, Höglund J, Laurila A. Latitudinal divergence in a widespread amphibian: Contrasting patterns of neutral and adaptive genomic variation. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:2996-3011. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.15132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Rödin‐Mörch
- Animal Ecology/Department of Ecology and Genetics Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Emilien Luquet
- CNRS, ENTPE, UMR5023 LEHNA Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Villeurbanne France
| | - Yvonne Meyer‐Lucht
- Animal Ecology/Department of Ecology and Genetics Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Alex Richter‐Boix
- Animal Ecology/Department of Ecology and Genetics Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Jacob Höglund
- Animal Ecology/Department of Ecology and Genetics Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Anssi Laurila
- Animal Ecology/Department of Ecology and Genetics Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
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26
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Margres MJ, Patton A, Wray KP, Hassinger ATB, Ward MJ, Lemmon EM, Lemmon AR, Rokyta DR. Tipping the Scales: The Migration-Selection Balance Leans toward Selection in Snake Venoms. Mol Biol Evol 2019; 36:271-282. [PMID: 30395254 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msy207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The migration-selection interaction is the strongest determinant of whether a beneficial allele increases in frequency within a population. Results of empirical studies examining the role of gene flow in an adaptive context, however, have largely been equivocal, with examples of opposing outcomes being repeatedly documented (e.g., local adaptation with high levels of gene flow vs. gene swamping). We compared neutral genomic and venom expression divergence for three sympatric pit vipers with differing ecologies to determine if and how migration-selection disequilibria result in local adaptation. We specifically tested whether neutral differentiation predicted phenotypic differentiation within an isolation-by-distance framework. The decoupling of neutral and phenotypic differentiation would indicate selection led to adaptive divergence irrespective of migration, whereas a significant relationship between neutral and venom expression differentiation would provide evidence in favor of the constraining force of gene flow. Neutral differentiation and geographic distance predicted phenotypic differentiation only in the generalist species, indicating that selection was the predominant mechanism in the migration-selection balance underlying adaptive venom evolution in both specialists. Dispersal is thought to be a stronger influence on genetic differentiation than specialization, but our results suggest the opposite. Greater specialization may lead to greater diversification rates, and extreme spatial and temporal variation in selective pressures can favor generalist phenotypes evolving under strong stabilizing selection. Our results are consistent with these expectations, suggesting that the equivocal findings of studies examining the role of gene flow in an adaptive context may be explained by ecological specialization theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Margres
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL.,School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC
| | - Austin Patton
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - Kenneth P Wray
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL
| | - Alyssa T B Hassinger
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL.,Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Micaiah J Ward
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL
| | | | - Alan R Lemmon
- Department of Scientific Computing, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL
| | - Darin R Rokyta
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL
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Marshall MM, Batten LC, Remington DL, Lacey EP. Natural selection contributes to geographic patterns of thermal plasticity in Plantago lanceolata. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:2945-2963. [PMID: 30891228 PMCID: PMC6405498 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A long-standing debate in evolutionary biology concerns the relative importance of different evolutionary forces in explaining phenotypic diversification at large geographic scales. For example, natural selection is typically assumed to underlie divergence along environmental gradients. However, neutral evolutionary processes can produce similar patterns. We collected molecular genetic data from 14 European populations of Plantago lanceolata to test the contributions of natural selection versus neutral evolution to population divergence in temperature-sensitive phenotypic plasticity of floral reflectance. In P. lanceolata, reflectance plasticity is positively correlated with latitude/altitude. We used population pairwise comparisons between neutral genetic differentiation (F ST and Jost's D) and phenotypic differentiation (P ST) to assess the contributions of geographic distance and environmental parameters of the reproductive season in driving population divergence. Data are consistent with selection having shaped large-scale geographic patterns in thermal plasticity. The aggregate pattern of P ST versus F ST was consistent with divergent selection. F ST explained thermal plasticity differences only when geographic distance was not included in the model. Differences in the extent of cool reproductive season temperatures, and not overall temperature variation, explained plasticity differences independent of distance. Results are consistent with the hypothesis that thermal plasticity is adaptive where growing seasons are shorter and cooler, that is, at high latitude/altitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M. Marshall
- Department of BiologyUniversity of North Carolina at GreensboroGreensboroNorth Carolina
| | - Leslie C. Batten
- Department of BiologyUniversity of North Carolina at GreensboroGreensboroNorth Carolina
| | - David L. Remington
- Department of BiologyUniversity of North Carolina at GreensboroGreensboroNorth Carolina
| | - Elizabeth P. Lacey
- Department of BiologyUniversity of North Carolina at GreensboroGreensboroNorth Carolina
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Enriquez-Urzelai U, Sacco M, Palacio AS, Pintanel P, Tejedo M, Nicieza AG. Ontogenetic reduction in thermal tolerance is not alleviated by earlier developmental acclimation in Rana temporaria. Oecologia 2019; 189:385-394. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04342-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Marchesini A, Vernesi C, Battisti A, Ficetola GF. Deciphering the drivers of negative species-genetic diversity correlation in Alpine amphibians. Mol Ecol 2018; 27:4916-4930. [PMID: 30346071 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The evolutionary and ecological importance of neutral and adaptive genetic diversity is widely recognized. Nevertheless, genetic diversity is rarely assessed for conservation planning, which often implicitly assumes a positive correlation between species and genetic diversity. Multiple drivers can cause the co-variation between the genetic diversity of one species and the richness of the whole communities, and explicit tests are needed to identify the processes that can determine species-genetic diversity correlations (SGDCs). Here, we tested whether intrapopulation genetic diversity (at neutral loci) and species richness co-vary in the amphibian communities of a southern Alpine region (Trentino, Italy), using the common frog (Rana temporaria) as focal species for the study of genetic diversity. We also analysed ecological similarity, niche overlap and interspecific interactions between the species, to unravel the processes determining SGDC. The neutral genetic diversity of common frogs was negatively related to species richness. The negative SGDC was probably due to an opposite influence of environmental gradients on the two levels of biodiversity, since the focal species and the other amphibians differ in ecological preferences, particularly in terms of thermal optimum. Conversely, we did not find evidence for a role of interspecific interactions in the negative SGDC. Our findings stress that species richness cannot be used as a universal proxy for genetic diversity, and only combining SGDC with analyses on the determinants of biodiversity can allow to identify the processes determining the relationships between genetic and species diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Marchesini
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Trento, Italy.,Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals, & Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padua, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Cristiano Vernesi
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Trento, Italy
| | - Andrea Battisti
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals, & Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padua, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Gentile Francesco Ficetola
- Departement of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.,Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
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30
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Ruthsatz K, Dausmann KH, Peck MA, Drees C, Sabatino NM, Becker LI, Reese J, Hartmann L, Glos J. Thyroid hormone levels and temperature during development alter thermal tolerance and energetics of Xenopus laevis larvae. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 6:coy059. [PMID: 30464840 PMCID: PMC6240330 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coy059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Environmental variation induced by natural and anthropogenic processes including climate change may threaten species by causing environmental stress. Anuran larvae experiencing environmental stress may display altered thyroid hormone (TH) status with potential implications for physiological traits. Therefore, any capacity to adapt to environmental changes through plastic responses provides a key to determining species vulnerability to environmental variation. We investigated whether developmental temperature (T dev), altered TH levels and whether the interactive effect of both affect standard metabolic rate (SMR), body condition (BC), survival and thermal tolerance in larvae of the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) reared at five temperatures with experimentally altered TH levels. At metamorphosis, SMR, BC and survival were significantly affected by T dev, TH status and their interaction with the latter often intensified impacts. Larvae developing at warmer temperatures exhibited significantly higher SMRs and BC was reduced at warm T dev and high TH levels suggesting decreased ability to acclimate to variation in temperature. Accordingly, tadpoles that developed at warm temperatures had higher maximum thermal limits but more narrow thermal tolerance windows. High and low TH levels decreased and increased upper thermal limits, respectively. Thus, when experiencing both warmer temperatures and environmental stress, larvae may be less able to compensate for changes in T dev. Our results demonstrate that physiological traits in larvae of X. laevis are strongly affected by increased TH levels and warmer temperatures. Altered TH levels and increasing T dev due to global change may result in a reduced capacity for physiological plasticity. This has far reaching consequences since the energetic requirement at the onset of metamorphosis is known to determine metamorphic success and thus, is indirectly linked to individual fitness in later life stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Ruthsatz
- Institute for Zoology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin H Dausmann
- Institute for Zoology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Myron A Peck
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Fisheries Science, University of Hamburg, Olbersweg 24, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Drees
- Institute for Zoology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nikita M Sabatino
- Department of Life Sciences, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Ulmenliet 20, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Laura I Becker
- Institute for Zoology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Janica Reese
- Institute for Zoology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Hartmann
- Institute for Zoology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julian Glos
- Institute for Zoology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, Hamburg, Germany
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31
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Enriquez-Urzelai U, Palacio AS, Merino NM, Sacco M, Nicieza AG. Hindered and constrained: limited potential for thermal adaptation in post-metamorphic and adultRana temporariaalong elevational gradients. J Evol Biol 2018; 31:1852-1862. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Urtzi Enriquez-Urzelai
- Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas; Universidad de Oviedo UO; Oviedo Spain
- UMIB: Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Biodiversidad (UO-CSIC-PA); Mieres Spain
| | - Antonio S. Palacio
- Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas; Universidad de Oviedo UO; Oviedo Spain
- UMIB: Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Biodiversidad (UO-CSIC-PA); Mieres Spain
| | - Natalia M. Merino
- Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas; Universidad de Oviedo UO; Oviedo Spain
- UMIB: Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Biodiversidad (UO-CSIC-PA); Mieres Spain
| | - Martina Sacco
- Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas; Universidad de Oviedo UO; Oviedo Spain
- UMIB: Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Biodiversidad (UO-CSIC-PA); Mieres Spain
| | - Alfredo G. Nicieza
- Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas; Universidad de Oviedo UO; Oviedo Spain
- UMIB: Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Biodiversidad (UO-CSIC-PA); Mieres Spain
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32
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Iglesias PP, Soto IM, Soto EM, Calderón L, Hurtado J, Hasson E. Rapid divergence of courtship song in the face of neutral genetic homogeneity in the cactophilic fly Drosophila buzzatii. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/bly108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia P Iglesias
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ignacio M Soto
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eduardo M Soto
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciano Calderón
- CONICET-Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza (IBAM), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Juan Hurtado
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Esteban Hasson
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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33
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Waterhouse MD, Erb LP, Beever EA, Russello MA. Adaptive population divergence and directional gene flow across steep elevational gradients in a climate-sensitive mammal. Mol Ecol 2018; 27:2512-2528. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D. Waterhouse
- Department of Biology; University of British Columbia; Kelowna British Columbia Canada
| | - Liesl P. Erb
- Departments of Biology and Environmental Studies; Warren Wilson College; Asheville North Carolina
| | - Erik A. Beever
- U.S. Geological Survey; Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center; Bozeman Montana
- Department of Ecology; Montana State University; Bozeman Montana
| | - Michael A. Russello
- Department of Biology; University of British Columbia; Kelowna British Columbia Canada
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34
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Perotti MG, Bonino MF, Ferraro D, Cruz FB. How sensitive are temperate tadpoles to climate change? The use of thermal physiology and niche model tools to assess vulnerability. ZOOLOGY 2018; 127:95-105. [PMID: 29496379 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Ectotherms are vulnerable to climate change, given their dependence on temperature, and amphibians are particularly interesting because of their complex life cycle. Tadpoles may regulate their body temperature by using suitable thermal microhabitats. Thus, their physiological responses are the result of adjustment to the local thermal limits experienced in their ponds. We studied three anuran tadpole species present in Argentina and Chile: Pleurodema thaul and Pleurodema bufoninum that are seasonal and have broad geographic ranges, and Batrachyla taeniata, a geographically restricted species with overwintering tadpoles. Species with restricted distribution are more susceptible to climate change than species with broader distribution that may cope with potential climatic changes in the environments in which they occur. We aim to test whether these species can buffer the potential effects of climate warming. We used ecological niche models and the outcomes of their thermal attributes (critical thermal limits, optimal temperature, and locomotor performance breadth) as empirical evidence of their capacity. We found that Pleurodema species show broader performance curves, related to their occurrence, while the geographically restricted B. taeniata shows a narrower thermal breadth, but is faster in warmer conditions. The modeled distributions and empirical physiological results suggest no severe threats for these three anurans. However, the risk level is increasing and a retraction of their distribution range might be possible for Pleurodema species, and some local population extinctions may happen, particularly for the narrowly distributed B. taeniata.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Gabriela Perotti
- Laboratorio de Fotobiología, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (INIBIOMA), CONICET-UNCOMA, Quintral 1250, Bariloche, Río Negro 8400, Argentina.
| | - Marcelo Fabián Bonino
- Laboratorio de Fotobiología, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (INIBIOMA), CONICET-UNCOMA, Quintral 1250, Bariloche, Río Negro 8400, Argentina
| | - Daiana Ferraro
- Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Conservación de Tetrápodos, Instituto Nacional de Limnología (INALI-CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Félix Benjamín Cruz
- Laboratorio de Fotobiología, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (INIBIOMA), CONICET-UNCOMA, Quintral 1250, Bariloche, Río Negro 8400, Argentina
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35
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Small-scale spatial and temporal variation of life-history traits of common frogs (Rana temporaria) in sub-Arctic Finland. Polar Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-017-2081-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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36
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Leys M, Keller I, Robinson CT, Räsänen K. Cryptic lineages of a common alpine mayfly show strong life-history divergence. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:1670-1686. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Leys
- Department of Aquatic Ecology; EAWAG; Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology; Ueberlandstrasse 133 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
- Institute of Integrative Biology; ETH-Zurich; 8092 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Irene Keller
- Department of Clinical Research; University of Bern and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics; 3010 Bern Switzerland
| | - Christopher T. Robinson
- Department of Aquatic Ecology; EAWAG; Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology; Ueberlandstrasse 133 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
- Institute of Integrative Biology; ETH-Zurich; 8092 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Katja Räsänen
- Department of Aquatic Ecology; EAWAG; Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology; Ueberlandstrasse 133 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
- Institute of Integrative Biology; ETH-Zurich; 8092 Zurich Switzerland
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37
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Life-History Responses to the Altitudinal Gradient. HIGH MOUNTAIN CONSERVATION IN A CHANGING WORLD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-55982-7_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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38
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Guo B, Lu D, Liao WB, Merilä J. Genomewide scan for adaptive differentiation along altitudinal gradient in the Andrew's toadBufo andrewsi. Mol Ecol 2016; 25:3884-900. [PMID: 27289071 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baocheng Guo
- Ecological Genetics Research Unit; Department of Biosciences; University of Helsinki; P.O. Box 65 Helsinki FI-00014 Finland
| | - Di Lu
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education); China West Normal University; Nanchong 637009 China
| | - Wen Bo Liao
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education); China West Normal University; Nanchong 637009 China
| | - Juha Merilä
- Ecological Genetics Research Unit; Department of Biosciences; University of Helsinki; P.O. Box 65 Helsinki FI-00014 Finland
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39
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Drakulić S, Feldhaar H, Lisičić D, Mioč M, Cizelj I, Seiler M, Spatz T, Rödel MO. Population-specific effects of developmental temperature on body condition and jumping performance of a widespread European frog. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:3115-28. [PMID: 27092238 PMCID: PMC4823144 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
All physiological processes of ectotherms depend on environmental temperature. Thus, adaptation of physiological mechanisms to the thermal environments is important for achieving optimal performance and fitness. The European Common Frog, Rana temporaria, is widely distributed across different thermal habitats. This makes it an exceptional model for studying the adaptations to different thermal conditions. We raised tadpoles from Germany and Croatia at two constant temperature treatments (15°C, 20°C), and under natural temperature fluctuations (in outdoor treatments), and tested how different developmental temperatures affected developmental traits, that is, length of larval development, morphometrics, and body condition, as well as jumping performance of metamorphs. Our results revealed population‐specific differences in developmental time, body condition, and jumping performance. Croatian frogs developed faster in all treatments, were heavier, in better body condition, and had longer hind limbs and better jumping abilities than German metamorphs. The populations further differed in thermal sensitivity of jumping performance. While metamorphs from Croatia increased their jumping performance with higher temperatures, German metamorphs reached their performance maximum at lower temperatures. These population‐specific differences in common environments indicate local genetic adaptation, with southern populations being better adapted to higher temperatures than those from north of the Alps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Drakulić
- Museum für Naturkunde Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science Berlin Germany
| | - Heike Feldhaar
- Department of Animal Ecology I Bayreuth Centre of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER) University of Bayreuth Bayreuth Germany
| | - Duje Lisičić
- Department of Animal Physiology Faculty of Science University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
| | - Mia Mioč
- Department of Animal Physiology Faculty of Science University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
| | | | - Michael Seiler
- Department of Animal Ecology I Bayreuth Centre of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER) University of Bayreuth Bayreuth Germany
| | - Theresa Spatz
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Mark-Oliver Rödel
- Museum für Naturkunde Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science Berlin Germany
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40
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Dowell SA, Wood JP, Campbell TS, Kolokotronis SO, Hekkala ER. Combining genetic and distributional approaches to sourcing introduced species: a case study on the Nile monitor (Varanus niloticus) in Florida. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2016; 3:150619. [PMID: 27152204 PMCID: PMC4852627 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.150619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Three separate breeding populations of the Nile monitor (Varanus niloticus) have been identified in Florida, USA, located in Cape Coral, West Palm Beach and Homestead Air Reserve Base. This large, predatory lizard could have negative effects on Florida's native wildlife. Here, we infer the source of the introduced populations using genetic and statistical approaches, as well as estimate the potential non-native distribution of V. niloticus in North America. We collected genetic data from 25 Florida individuals as well as utilized genetic datasets from reference individuals spanning the full native distribution throughout sub-Saharan Africa. Using occurrence data from the inferred source population and the full species range, we built ecological niche models (ENMs) and projected them onto North America to determine regions with suitable climate. Our results indicated that the introduced populations resulted from three separate introduction events, and all originated from the southern coastal region of West Africa. The ENM built from the West African source population predicted only the southernmost portions of North America to be suitable. Conversely, the model derived from the full species' range predicted suitable climates across a large portion of the United States. This information can be used to focus management and eradication efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A. Dowell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, 441 East Fordham Road, Bronx, NY 10458, USA
| | - Jared P. Wood
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, 2301 South 3rd Street, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Todd S. Campbell
- Department of Biology, University of Tampa, 401 West Kennedy Boulevard, Tampa, FL 33606, USA
| | | | - Evon R. Hekkala
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, 441 East Fordham Road, Bronx, NY 10458, USA
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41
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Liao WB, Luo Y, Lou SL, Lu D, Jehle R. Geographic variation in life-history traits: growth season affects age structure, egg size and clutch size in Andrew's toad (Bufo andrewsi). Front Zool 2016; 13:6. [PMID: 26865855 PMCID: PMC4748633 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-016-0138-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Environmental variation associated with season length is likely to promote differentiation in life-history traits, but has been little studied in natural populations of ectotherms. We investigated patterns of variation in egg size, clutch size, age at sexual maturity, maximum age, mean age, growth rate and adult body size in relation to growth season length among 17 populations of Andrew’s toad (Bufo andrewsi) at different latitudes and altitudes in the Hengduan Mountains, western China. Results We found that egg size, age at sexual maturity, and mean age increased with decreasing length of the growth season, whereas clutch size showed a converse cline. Body size did not increase with decreasing length of the growth season, but was tightly linked to lifetime activity (i.e. the estimated number of active days during lifetime). Males and females differed in their patterns of geographic variation in growth rates, which may be the result of forces shaping the trade-off between growth and reproduction in different environments. Conclusions Our findings suggest that growth season plays an important role in shaping variation in life-history traits in B. andrewsi across geographical gradients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12983-016-0138-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Bo Liao
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637009 Sichuan China
| | - Yi Luo
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637009 Sichuan China
| | - Shang Ling Lou
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637009 Sichuan China
| | - Di Lu
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637009 Sichuan China
| | - Robert Jehle
- School of Environment & Life Sciences, University of Salford, M5 4WT Salford, UK
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42
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Bertrand JAM, Delahaie B, Bourgeois YXC, Duval T, García-Jiménez R, Cornuault J, Pujol B, Thébaud C, Milá B. The role of selection and historical factors in driving population differentiation along an elevational gradient in an island bird. J Evol Biol 2016; 29:824-36. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. A. M. Bertrand
- Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique; UMR 5174; Université Paul Sabatier; Toulouse 3 - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) - École Nationale de Formation Agronomique (ENFA); Toulouse Cedex 9 France
| | - B. Delahaie
- Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique; UMR 5174; Université Paul Sabatier; Toulouse 3 - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) - École Nationale de Formation Agronomique (ENFA); Toulouse Cedex 9 France
| | - Y. X. C. Bourgeois
- Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique; UMR 5174; Université Paul Sabatier; Toulouse 3 - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) - École Nationale de Formation Agronomique (ENFA); Toulouse Cedex 9 France
| | - T. Duval
- Hémisphères; Poindimié New Caledonia
| | - R. García-Jiménez
- National Museum of Natural Sciences; Spanish National Research Council (CSIC); Madrid Spain
| | - J. Cornuault
- Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique; UMR 5174; Université Paul Sabatier; Toulouse 3 - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) - École Nationale de Formation Agronomique (ENFA); Toulouse Cedex 9 France
| | - B. Pujol
- Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique; UMR 5174; Université Paul Sabatier; Toulouse 3 - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) - École Nationale de Formation Agronomique (ENFA); Toulouse Cedex 9 France
| | - C. Thébaud
- Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique; UMR 5174; Université Paul Sabatier; Toulouse 3 - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) - École Nationale de Formation Agronomique (ENFA); Toulouse Cedex 9 France
| | - B. Milá
- National Museum of Natural Sciences; Spanish National Research Council (CSIC); Madrid Spain
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43
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MacPherson A, Hohenlohe PA, Nuismer SL. Trait dimensionality explains widespread variation in local adaptation. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 282:rspb.2014.1570. [PMID: 25631990 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.1570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
All species are locked in a continual struggle to adapt to local ecological conditions. In cases where species fail to locally adapt, they face reduced population growth rates, or even local extinction. Traditional explanations for limited local adaptation focus on maladaptive gene flow or homogeneous environmental conditions. These classical explanations have, however, failed to explain variation in the magnitude of local adaptation observed across taxa. Here we show that variable levels of local adaptation are better explained by trait dimensionality. First, we develop and analyse mathematical models that predict levels of local adaptation will increase with the number of traits experiencing spatially variable selection. Next, we test this prediction by estimating the relationship between dimensionality and local adaptation using data from 35 published reciprocal transplant studies. This analysis reveals a strong correlation between dimensionality and degree of local adaptation, and thus provides empirical support for the predictions of our model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailene MacPherson
- Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
| | - Paul A Hohenlohe
- Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
| | - Scott L Nuismer
- Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
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44
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Charmantier A, Doutrelant C, Dubuc-Messier G, Fargevieille A, Szulkin M. Mediterranean blue tits as a case study of local adaptation. Evol Appl 2015; 9:135-52. [PMID: 27087844 PMCID: PMC4780380 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
While the study of the origins of biological diversity across species has provided numerous examples of adaptive divergence, the realization that it can occur at microgeographic scales despite gene flow is recent, and scarcely illustrated. We review here evidence suggesting that the striking phenotypic differentiation in ecologically relevant traits exhibited by blue tits Cyanistes caeruleus in their southern range‐edge putatively reflects adaptation to the heterogeneity of the Mediterranean habitats. We first summarize the phenotypic divergence for a series of life history, morphological, behavioural, acoustic and colour ornament traits in blue tit populations of evergreen and deciduous forests. For each divergent trait, we review the evidence obtained from common garden experiments regarding a possible genetic origin of the observed phenotypic differentiation as well as evidence for heterogeneous selection. Second, we argue that most phenotypically differentiated traits display heritable variation, a fundamental requirement for evolution to occur. Third, we discuss nonrandom dispersal, selective barriers and assortative mating as processes that could reinforce local adaptation. Finally, we show how population genomics supports isolation – by – environment across landscapes. Overall, the combination of approaches converges to the conclusion that the strong phenotypic differentiation observed in Mediterranean blue tits is a fascinating case of local adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Charmantier
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive Campus CNRS Montpellier France
| | - Claire Doutrelant
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive Campus CNRS Montpellier France
| | - Gabrielle Dubuc-Messier
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive Campus CNRS Montpellier France; Département des sciences biologiques Université du Québec à Montréal Succursalle centre-ville QC Canada
| | | | - Marta Szulkin
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive Campus CNRS Montpellier France
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45
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Walsh PT, Downie JR, Monaghan P. Factors affecting the overwintering of tadpoles in a temperate amphibian. J Zool (1987) 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. T. Walsh
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology; School of Biological Sciences; University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh UK
| | - J. R. Downie
- School of Life Sciences; College of Medical; Veterinary & Life Sciences; University of Glasgow; Glasgow UK
| | - P. Monaghan
- Institute of Biodiversity; Animal Health and Comparative Medicine; College of Medical; Veterinary & Life Sciences; University of Glasgow; Glasgow UK
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46
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Roulin AC, Mariadassou M, Hall MD, Walser JC, Haag C, Ebert D. High genetic variation in resting-stage production in a metapopulation: Is there evidence for local adaptation? Evolution 2015; 69:2747-56. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.12770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne C. Roulin
- Zoological Institute; Basel University; Vesalgasse 1 4051 Basel Switzerland
- Institute of Plant Biology; University of Zurich; Zollikerstrasse 107 8008 Zurich Switzerland
| | | | - Matthew D. Hall
- Zoological Institute; Basel University; Vesalgasse 1 4051 Basel Switzerland
- School of Biological Sciences; Monash University; Melbourne 3800 Australia
| | - Jean-Claude Walser
- Zoological Institute; Basel University; Vesalgasse 1 4051 Basel Switzerland
- Genetic Diversity Centre; Universitätstrasse 16, CHN E 55 8092 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Christoph Haag
- CNRS-UMR5175 CEFE; 1919, Route de Mende 34293 Montpellier France
| | - Dieter Ebert
- Zoological Institute; Basel University; Vesalgasse 1 4051 Basel Switzerland
- Tvärminne Zoological Station; Helsinki University; Hanko Finland
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47
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Richter-Boix A, Katzenberger M, Duarte H, Quintela M, Tejedo M, Laurila A. Local divergence of thermal reaction norms among amphibian populations is affected by pond temperature variation. Evolution 2015; 69:2210-26. [PMID: 26118477 DOI: 10.1111/evo.12711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Although temperature variation is known to cause large-scale adaptive divergence, its potential role as a selective factor over microgeographic scales is less well-understood. Here, we investigated how variation in breeding pond temperature affects divergence in multiple physiological (thermal performance curve and critical thermal maximum [CTmax]) and life-history (thermal developmental reaction norms) traits in a network of Rana arvalis populations. The results supported adaptive responses to face two main constraints limiting the evolution of thermal adaptation. First, we found support for the faster-slower model, indicating an adaptive response to compensate for the thermodynamic constraint of low temperatures in colder environments. Second, we found evidence for the generalist-specialist trade-off with populations from colder and less thermally variable environments exhibiting a specialist phenotype performing at higher rates but over a narrower range of temperatures. By contrast, the local optimal temperature for locomotor performance and CTmax did not match either mean or maximum pond temperatures. These results highlight the complexity of the adaptive multiple-trait thermal responses in natural populations, and the role of local thermal variation as a selective force driving diversity in life-history and physiological traits in the presence of gene flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Richter-Boix
- Animal Ecology/Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, SE-75236, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Marco Katzenberger
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, Avda. Américo Vespucio s/n, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Helder Duarte
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, Avda. Américo Vespucio s/n, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - María Quintela
- Grupo de Investigación BIOCOST, University of Coruña, 15071, Coruña, Spain.,Current Address: Population Genetics, Institute of Marine Research, 5817, Bergen, Norway
| | - Miguel Tejedo
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, Avda. Américo Vespucio s/n, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Anssi Laurila
- Animal Ecology/Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, SE-75236, Uppsala, Sweden
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48
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Ludwig G, Sinsch U, Pelster B. Behavioural adaptations of Rana temporaria to cold climates. J Therm Biol 2015; 49-50:82-90. [PMID: 25774030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Environmental conditions at the edge of a species' ecological optimum can exert great ecological or evolutionary pressure at local populations. For ectotherms like amphibians temperature is one of the most important abiotic factors of their environment as it influences directly their metabolism and sets limits to their distribution. Amphibians have evolved three ways to cope with sub-zero temperatures: freeze tolerance, freeze protection, freeze avoidance. The aim of this study was to assess which strategy common frogs at mid and high elevation use to survive and thrive in cold climates. In particular we (1) tested for the presence of physiological freeze protection, (2) evaluated autumnal activity and overwintering behaviour with respect to freeze avoidance and (3) assessed the importance of different high-elevation microhabitats for behavioural thermoregulation. Common frogs did not exhibit any signs of freeze protection when experiencing temperatures around 0 °C. Instead they retreated to open water for protection and overwintering. High elevation common frogs remained active for around the same period of time than their conspecifics at lower elevation. Our results suggest that at mid and high elevation common frogs use freeze avoidance alone to survive temperatures below 0 °C. The availability of warm microhabitats, such as rock or pasture, provides high elevation frogs with the opportunity of behavioural thermoregulation and thus allows them to remain active at temperatures at which common frogs at lower elevation cease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerda Ludwig
- Institute of Zoology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Ulrich Sinsch
- Institute of Sciences, Department of Biology, University of Koblenz-Landau, Universitätsstraße 1, D-56070 Koblenz, Germany.
| | - Bernd Pelster
- Institute of Zoology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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49
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Williams CM, Chick WD, Sinclair BJ. A cross‐seasonal perspective on local adaptation: metabolic plasticity mediates responses to winter in a thermal‐generalist moth. Funct Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M. Williams
- Department of Integrative Biology University of California 3040 Valley Life Sciences Building #3140 Berkeley CA 94720‐3140 USA
| | - Wesley D. Chick
- Department of Biology, Biological and Geological Sciences Building University of Western Ontario 1151 Richmond St London ON N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Brent J. Sinclair
- Department of Biology, Biological and Geological Sciences Building University of Western Ontario 1151 Richmond St London ON N6A 5B7 Canada
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50
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Kahilainen KK, Patterson WP, Sonninen E, Harrod C, Kiljunen M. Adaptive radiation along a thermal gradient: preliminary results of habitat use and respiration rate divergence among whitefish morphs. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112085. [PMID: 25405979 PMCID: PMC4236043 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive radiation is considered an important mechanism for the development of new species, but very little is known about the role of thermal adaptation during this process. Such adaptation should be especially important in poikilothermic animals that are often subjected to pronounced seasonal temperature variation that directly affects metabolic function. We conducted a preliminary study of individual lifetime thermal habitat use and respiration rates of four whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus (L.)) morphs (two pelagic, one littoral and one profundal) using stable carbon and oxygen isotope values of otolith carbonate. These morphs, two of which utilized pelagic habitats, one littoral and one profundal recently diverged via adaptive radiation to exploit different major niches in a deep and thermally stratified subarctic lake. We found evidence that the morphs used different thermal niches. The profundal morph had the most distinct thermal niche and consistently occupied the coldest thermal habitat of the lake, whereas differences were less pronounced among the shallow water pelagic and littoral morphs. Our results indicated ontogenetic shifts in thermal niches: juveniles of all whitefish morphs inhabited warmer ambient temperatures than adults. According to sampling of the otolith nucleus, hatching temperatures were higher for benthic compared to pelagic morphs. Estimated respiration rate was the lowest for benthivorous profundal morph, contrasting with the higher values estimated for the other morphs that inhabited shallower and warmer water. These preliminary results suggest that physiological adaptation to different thermal habitats shown by the sympatric morphs may play a significant role in maintaining or strengthening niche segregation and divergence in life-history traits, potentially contributing to reproductive isolation and incipient speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimmo Kalevi Kahilainen
- Kilpisjärvi Biological Station, University of Helsinki, Kilpisjärvi, Finland
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - William Paul Patterson
- Department of Geological Sciences, Saskatchewan, Isotope Laboratory, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Eloni Sonninen
- Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Chris Harrod
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales Alexander Von Humboldt, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Mikko Kiljunen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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