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Wos G, Palomar G, Marszałek M, Sniegula S. Comparative Transcriptomic Reveals Greater Similarities in Response to Temperature Than to Invasive Alien Predator in the Damselfly Ischnura elegans Across Different Geographic Scales. Evol Appl 2024; 17:e70002. [PMID: 39247089 PMCID: PMC11377989 DOI: 10.1111/eva.70002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The impact of global changes on populations may not be necessarily uniform across a species' range. Here, we aim at comparing the phenotypic and transcriptomic response to warming and an invasive predator cue in populations across different geographic scales in the damselfly Ischnura elegans. We collected adult females in two ponds in southern Poland (central latitude) and two ponds in southern Sweden (high latitude). We raised their larvae in growth chambers and exposed them to combination of temperature and a predator cue released by the crayfish Orconectes limosus. When larvae reached the prefinal larval stage, they were phenotyped for traits related to growth and size and collected for a gene expression analysis. High-latitude populations exhibited greater phenotypic and transcriptomic variation than central-latitude populations. Across latitudes and ponds, temperature generally increased growth rate and the predator cue decreased mass, but the effects of temperature were also pond-specific. Comparison of the transcriptomic profiles revealed a greater overlap in the response to temperature across latitudes and ponds, especially for pathway-related oxidative stress and sugar and lipid metabolism. The transcriptomic response to a predator cue and to the interaction temperature × predator cue was more pond-specific and overlapped only for few genes and pathways related to cuticle, development and signal transduction. We demonstrated that central- and high-latitude populations may partially respond through similar mechanisms to warming and, to a lower extent to a predator cue and to the interaction temperature × predator cue. For the predator cue and the interaction, the large fraction of ponds-specific genes suggests local adaptation. We show that high-latitude populations were generally more plastic at the phenotypic and transcriptomic level and may be more capable to cope with environmental changes than their central-latitude counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Wos
- Institute of Nature Conservation Polish Academy of Sciences Krakow Poland
| | - Gemma Palomar
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences Complutense University of Madrid Madrid Spain
- Institute of Environmental Sciences Jagiellonian University Kraków Poland
| | - Marzena Marszałek
- Institute of Environmental Sciences Jagiellonian University Kraków Poland
| | - Szymon Sniegula
- Institute of Nature Conservation Polish Academy of Sciences Krakow Poland
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2
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Aagaard A, Bechsgaard J, Sørensen JG, Sandfeld T, Settepani V, Bird TL, Lund MB, Malmos KG, Falck-Rasmussen K, Darolti I, Nielsen KL, Johannsen M, Vosegaard T, Tregenza T, Verhoeven KJF, Mank JE, Schramm A, Bilde T. Molecular Mechanisms of Temperature Tolerance Plasticity in an Arthropod. Genome Biol Evol 2024; 16:evae165. [PMID: 39058286 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evae165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
How species thrive in a wide range of environments is a major focus of evolutionary biology. For many species, limited genetic diversity or gene flow among habitats means that phenotypic plasticity must play an important role in their capacity to tolerate environmental heterogeneity and to colonize new habitats. However, we have a limited understanding of the molecular components that govern plasticity in ecologically relevant phenotypes. We examined this hypothesis in a spider species (Stegodyphus dumicola) with extremely low species-wide genetic diversity that nevertheless occupies a broad range of thermal environments. We determined phenotypic responses to temperature stress in individuals from four climatic zones using common garden acclimation experiments to disentangle phenotypic plasticity from genetic adaptations. Simultaneously, we created data sets on multiple molecular modalities: the genome, the transcriptome, the methylome, the metabolome, and the bacterial microbiome to determine associations with phenotypic responses. Analyses of phenotypic and molecular associations reveal that acclimation responses in the transcriptome and metabolome correlate with patterns of phenotypic plasticity in temperature tolerance. Surprisingly, genes whose expression seemed to be involved in plasticity in temperature tolerance were generally highly methylated contradicting the idea that DNA methylation stabilizes gene expression. This suggests that the function of DNA methylation in invertebrates varies not only among species but also among genes. The bacterial microbiome was stable across the acclimation period; combined with our previous demonstrations that the microbiome is temporally stable in wild populations, this is convincing evidence that the microbiome does not facilitate plasticity in temperature tolerance. Our results suggest that population-specific variation in temperature tolerance among acclimation temperatures appears to result from the evolution of plasticity in mainly gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Aagaard
- Section for Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Centre for EcoGenetics, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jesper Bechsgaard
- Section for Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Centre for EcoGenetics, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jesper Givskov Sørensen
- Section for Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Centre for EcoGenetics, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Tobias Sandfeld
- Section for Microbiology, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Virginia Settepani
- Section for Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Centre for EcoGenetics, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Tharina L Bird
- General Entomology, DITSONG: National Museum of Natural History, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Arachnology and Myriapodology, National Museum of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Marie Braad Lund
- Section for Microbiology, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Kirsten Gade Malmos
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Kasper Falck-Rasmussen
- Section for Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Centre for EcoGenetics, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Iulia Darolti
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Mogens Johannsen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Thomas Vosegaard
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Tom Tregenza
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn TR109FE, UK
| | - Koen J F Verhoeven
- Terrestrial Ecology Department, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Judith E Mank
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andreas Schramm
- Section for Microbiology, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Trine Bilde
- Section for Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Centre for EcoGenetics, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn TR109FE, UK
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3
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Li YY, Deligeer, Liu J, Shi K. Genome-wide identification and coexpression network analysis of heat shock protein superfamily in Apolygus lucorum. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 116:e22145. [PMID: 39183528 DOI: 10.1002/arch.22145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (Hsp) function as crucial molecular chaperones, playing pivotal roles in insects' response to stress stimuli. Apolygus lucorum, known for its broad spectrum of host plants and significant crop damage potential, presents a compelling subject for understanding stress response mechanisms. Hsp is important for A. lucorum to tolerate temperature and insecticide stress and may be involved in the formation of resistance to the interactive effects of temperature and insecticide. Here, we employed comprehensive genomic approaches to identify Hsp superfamily members in its genome. In total, we identified 42 Hsp genes, including 3 Hsp90, 16 Hsp70, 13 Hsp60, and 10 Hsp20. Notably, we conducted motif analysis and gene structures for Hsp members, which suggested the same families are relatively conserved. Furthermore, leveraging the weighted gene coexpression network analysis, we observed diverse expression patterns of different Hsp types across various tissues, with certain Hsp70 showing tissue-specific bias. Noteworthy among the highly expressed Hsp genes was testis-specific, which may serve as a pivotal hub gene regulating the gene network. Our findings shed light on the molecular evolutionary dynamics and temperature stress response mechanisms of Hsp genes in A. lucorum, offering insights into its adaptive strategies and potential targets for pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Li
- College of Grassland Science, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
| | - Deligeer
- College of Grassland Science, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
| | - Jing Liu
- College of Grassland Science, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
| | - Kai Shi
- College of Grassland Science, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
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4
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Guo Y, Hu M, Peng H, Zhang Y, Kuang R, Han Z, Wang D, Liao Y, Ma R, Xu Z, Sun J, Shen Y, Zhao C, Ma H, Liu D, Zhao S, Zhao Y. Epigenomic features associated with body temperature stabilize tissues during cold exposure in cold-resistant pigs. J Genet Genomics 2024:S1673-8527(24)00159-0. [PMID: 38969257 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2024.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Cold stress in low-temperature environments can trigger changes in gene expression, but epigenomics regulation of temperature stability in vital tissues, including the fat and diencephalon, is still unclear. Here, we explore the cold-induced changes in epigenomic features in the diencephalon and fat tissues of two cold-resistant Chinese pig breeds, Min and Enshi black (ES) pigs, utilizing H3K27ac CUT&Tag, RNA-seq, and selective signature analysis. Our results show significant alterations in H3K27ac modifications in the diencephalon of Min pigs and the fat of ES pigs after cold exposure. Dramatic changes in H3K27ac modifications in the diencephalon of Min pig are primarily associated with genes involved in energy metabolism and hormone regulation, whereas those in the fat of ES pig are primarily associated with immunity-related genes. Moreover, transcription factors PRDM1 and HSF1, which show evidence of selection, are enriched in genomic regions presenting cold-responsive alterations in H3K27ac modification in the Min pig diencephalon and ES pig fat, respectively. Our results indicate the diversity of epigenomic response mechanisms to cold exposure between Min and ES pigs, providing unique epigenetic resources for studies of low-temperature adaptation in large mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Guo
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei, China
| | - Mingyang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei, China; Yazhouwan National Laboratory, Sanya, 572000 Hainan, China
| | - Hao Peng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei, China
| | - Renzhuo Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei, China
| | - Zheyu Han
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei, China
| | - Daoyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei, China
| | - Yinlong Liao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei, China; Yazhouwan National Laboratory, Sanya, 572000 Hainan, China
| | - Ruixian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei, China
| | - Zhixiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei, China
| | - Jiahao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei, China
| | - Yu Shen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei, China
| | - Changzhi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei, China; Yazhouwan National Laboratory, Sanya, 572000 Hainan, China
| | - Hong Ma
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086 Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Di Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086 Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Shuhong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei, China; Yazhouwan National Laboratory, Sanya, 572000 Hainan, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yunxia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei, China; Yazhouwan National Laboratory, Sanya, 572000 Hainan, China.
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5
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Li W, Bashir NH, Naeem M, Tian R, Tian X, Chen H. Age-Stage, Two-Sex Life Table of Atractomorpha lata (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae) at Different Temperatures. INSECTS 2024; 15:493. [PMID: 39057226 PMCID: PMC11277524 DOI: 10.3390/insects15070493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Atractomorpha lata Motschoulsky (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae) has recently emerged as an important agricultural pest in China. Understanding the impact of temperature on its developmental period is crucial for predicting its population dynamics. This study systematically observed the biological characteristics of A. lata at five temperatures (16, 20, 24, 28, and 32 °C) using the age-stage, two-sex life table method. The effects of temperature on the developmental period, survival rate, and fecundity of A. lata were studied using fresh bean leaves as host. The results demonstrated that as temperature increased from 16 °C to 32 °C, the developmental period, preadult time, adult longevity, adult preoviposition period (APOP), and total preoviposition period (TPOP) significantly decreased. The developmental threshold temperatures for various stages were calculated, ranging from 10.47 °C to 13.01 °C, using the linear optimal method. As temperature increased, both the intrinsic rate of increase (r) and the finite rate of increase (λ) also increased, while the mean generation time (T) decreased. The optimal values of the net reproductive rate (R0 = 54.26 offspring), gross reproductive rate (GRR = 185.53 ± 16.94 offspring), and fecundity (169.56 ± 9.93 eggs) were observed at 24 °C. Similarly, the population trend index (I) for A. lata peaked at 24 °C (61.64). Our findings indicate that A. lata exhibits its highest population growth rate at 24 °C, providing a scientific basis for predicting its population dynamics in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Li
- College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China; (W.L.); (N.H.B.); (M.N.)
| | - Nawaz Haider Bashir
- College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China; (W.L.); (N.H.B.); (M.N.)
| | - Muhammad Naeem
- College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China; (W.L.); (N.H.B.); (M.N.)
| | - Ruilin Tian
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservationand Sustainable Utilization for College and University of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, College of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China
| | - Xinyue Tian
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100091, China;
| | - Huanhuan Chen
- College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China; (W.L.); (N.H.B.); (M.N.)
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6
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Swaegers J, De Cupere S, Gaens N, Lancaster LT, Carbonell JA, Sánchez Guillén RA, Stoks R. Plasticity and associated epigenetic mechanisms play a role in thermal evolution during range expansion. Evol Lett 2024; 8:76-88. [PMID: 38370551 PMCID: PMC10872138 DOI: 10.1093/evlett/qrac007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to global change, many species are shifting their distribution and are thereby confronted with novel thermal conditions at the moving range edges. Especially during the initial phases of exposure to a new environment, it has been hypothesized that plasticity and associated epigenetic mechanisms enable species to cope with environmental change. We tested this idea by capitalizing on the well-documented southward range expansion of the damselfly Ischnura elegans from France into Spain where the species invaded warmer regions in the 1950s in eastern Spain (old edge region) and in the 2010s in central Spain (new edge region). Using a common garden experiment at rearing temperatures matching the ancestral and invaded thermal regimes, we tested for evolutionary changes in (thermal plasticity in) larval life history and heat tolerance in these expansion zones. Through the use of de- and hypermethylating agents, we tested whether epigenetic mechanisms play a role in enabling heat tolerance during expansion. We used the phenotype of the native sister species in Spain, I. graellsii, as proxy for the locally adapted phenotype. New edge populations converged toward the phenotype of the native species through plastic thermal responses in life history and heat tolerance while old edge populations (partly) constitutively evolved a faster life history and higher heat tolerance than the core populations, thereby matching the native species. Only the heat tolerance of new edge populations increased significantly when exposed to the hypermethylating agent. This suggests that the DNA methylation machinery is more amenable to perturbation at the new edge and shows it is able to play a role in achieving a higher heat tolerance. Our results show that both (evolved) plasticity as well as associated epigenetic mechanisms are initially important when facing new thermal regimes but that their importance diminishes with time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janne Swaegers
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Simon De Cupere
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Noah Gaens
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lesley T Lancaster
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - José A Carbonell
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Robby Stoks
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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7
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Babik W, Dudek K, Marszałek M, Palomar G, Antunes B, Sniegula S. The genomic response to urbanization in the damselfly Ischnura elegans. Evol Appl 2023; 16:1805-1818. [PMID: 38029064 PMCID: PMC10681423 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The complex and rapid environmental changes brought about by urbanization pose significant challenges to organisms. The multifaceted effects of urbanization often make it difficult to define and pinpoint the very nature of adaptive urban phenotypes. In such situations, scanning genomes for regions differentiated between urban and non-urban populations may be an attractive approach. Here, we investigated the genomic signatures of adaptation to urbanization in the damselfly Ischnura elegans sampled from 31 rural and urban localities in three geographic regions: southern and northern Poland, and southern Sweden. Genome-wide variation was assessed using more than 370,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genotyped by ddRADseq. Associations between SNPs and the level of urbanization were tested using two genetic environment association methods: Latent Factors Mixed Models and BayPass. While we found numerous candidate SNPs and a highly significant overlap between candidates identified by the two methods within the geographic regions, there was a distinctive lack of repeatability between the geographic regions both at the level of individual SNPs and of genomic regions. However, we found "synapse organization" at the top of the functional categories enriched among the genes located in the proximity of the candidate urbanization SNPs. Interestingly, the overall significance of "synapse organization" was built up by the accretion of different genes associated with candidate SNPs in different geographic regions. This finding is consistent with the highly polygenic nature of adaptation, where the response may be achieved through a subtle adjustment of allele frequencies in different genes that contribute to adaptive phenotypes. Taken together, our results point to a polygenic adaptive response in the nervous system, specifically implicating genes involved in synapse organization, which mirrors the findings from several genomic and behavioral studies of adaptation to urbanization in other taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Babik
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Environmental SciencesJagiellonian UniversityKrakówPoland
| | - K. Dudek
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Environmental SciencesJagiellonian UniversityKrakówPoland
| | - M. Marszałek
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Environmental SciencesJagiellonian UniversityKrakówPoland
| | - G. Palomar
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Environmental SciencesJagiellonian UniversityKrakówPoland
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological SciencesComplutense University of MadridMadridSpain
| | - B. Antunes
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Environmental SciencesJagiellonian UniversityKrakówPoland
| | - S. Sniegula
- Department of Ecosystem Conservation, Institute of Nature ConservationPolish Academy of SciencesKrakówPoland
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8
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Yang C, Cao C, Liu J, Zhao Y, Pan J, Tao C, Wang Y. Distinct Transcriptional Responses of Skeletal Muscle to Short-Term Cold Exposure in Tibetan Pigs and Bama Pigs. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087431. [PMID: 37108597 PMCID: PMC10139196 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Piglets are susceptible to cold, and piglet death caused by cold stress leads to economic losses in the pig industry in cold areas. Skeletal muscle plays a key role in adaptive thermogenesis in mammals, but the related mechanism in pigs is unclear. In this study, cold-tolerant Tibetan pigs and cold-sensitive Bama pigs were subjected to either a cold environment (4 °C) or a room temperature environment (25 °C) for 3 days. The biceps femoris (BF) and longissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) were collected for phenotypic analysis, and the BF was used for genome-wide transcriptional profiling. Our results showed that Tibetan pigs had a higher body temperature than Bama pigs upon cold stimulation. RNA-seq data indicated a stronger transcriptional response in the skeletal muscle of Tibetan pigs upon cold stimulation, as more differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified with the same criteria (p < 0.05 and fold change > 2). In addition, distinct pathway signaling patterns in skeletal muscle upon cold exposure were found between the breeds of pigs. Mitochondrial beta-oxidation-related genes and pathways were significantly upregulated in Tibetan pigs, indicating that Tibetan pigs may use fatty acids as the primary fuel source to protect against cold. However, the significant upregulation of inflammatory response- and glycolysis-related genes and pathways in the skeletal muscle of Bama pigs suggested that these pigs may use glucose as the primary fuel source in cold environments. Together, our study revealed the distinct transcriptional responses of skeletal muscle to cold stimulation in Tibetan pigs and Bama pigs and provided novel insights for future investigation of the cold adaptation mechanism in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhuai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chunwei Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jiali Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianfei Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Cong Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanfang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
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9
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McCulloch GA, Waters JM. Rapid adaptation in a fast-changing world: Emerging insights from insect genomics. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:943-954. [PMID: 36333958 PMCID: PMC10100130 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Many researchers have questioned the ability of biota to adapt to rapid anthropogenic environmental shifts. Here, we synthesize emerging genomic evidence for rapid insect evolution in response to human pressure. These new data reveal diverse genomic mechanisms (single locus, polygenic, structural shifts; introgression) underpinning rapid adaptive responses to a variety of anthropogenic selective pressures. While the effects of some human impacts (e.g. pollution; pesticides) have been previously documented, here we highlight startling new evidence for rapid evolutionary responses to additional anthropogenic processes such as deforestation. These recent findings indicate that diverse insect assemblages can indeed respond dynamically to major anthropogenic evolutionary challenges. Our synthesis also emphasizes the critical roles of genomic architecture, standing variation and gene flow in maintaining future adaptive potential. Broadly, it is clear that genomic approaches are essential for predicting, monitoring and responding to ongoing anthropogenic biodiversity shifts in a fast-changing world.
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10
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Li H, Li S, Chen J, Dai L, Chen R, Ye J, Hao D. A heat shock 70kDa protein MaltHSP70-2 contributes to thermal resistance in Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae): quantification, localization, and functional analysis. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:646. [PMID: 36088287 PMCID: PMC9464376 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08858-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heat Shock Proteins 70 (HSP70s) in insects act on a diverse range of substrates to assist with overcoming extreme high temperatures. MaltHSP70-2, a member of HSP70s, has been characterized to involve in the thermotolerance of Monochamus alternatus in vitro, while quantification and localization of MaltHSP70-2 in various tissues and its functional analysis in vivo remain unclear. Results In this study, temporal expression of MaltHSP70-2 indicated a long-last inductive effect on MaltHSP70-2 expression maintained 48 hours after heat shock. MaltHSP70-2 showed a global response to heat exposure which occurring in various tissues of both males and females. Particularly in the reproductive tissues, we further performed the quantification and localization of MaltHSP70-2 protein using Western Blot and Immunohistochemistry, suggesting that enriched MaltHSP70-2 in the testis (specifically in the primary spermatocyte) must be indispensable to protect the reproductive activities (e.g., spermatogenesis) against high temperatures. Furthermore, silencing MaltHSP70-2 markedly influenced the expression of other HSP genes and thermotolerance of adults in bioassays, which implied a possible interaction of MaltHSP70-2 with other HSP genes and its role in thermal resistance of M. alternatus adults. Conclusions These findings shed new insights into thermo-resistant mechanism of M. alternatus to cope with global warming from the perspective of HSP70s functions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08858-1.
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11
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Wellenreuther M, Dudaniec RY, Neu A, Lessard JP, Bridle J, Carbonell JA, Diamond SE, Marshall KE, Parmesan C, Singer MC, Swaegers J, Thomas CD, Lancaster LT. The importance of eco-evolutionary dynamics for predicting and managing insect range shifts. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 52:100939. [PMID: 35644339 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2022.100939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Evolutionary change impacts the rate at which insect pests, pollinators, or disease vectors expand or contract their geographic ranges. Although evolutionary changes, and their ecological feedbacks, strongly affect these risks and associated ecological and economic consequences, they are often underappreciated in management efforts. Greater rigor and scope in study design, coupled with innovative technologies and approaches, facilitates our understanding of the causes and consequences of eco-evolutionary dynamics in insect range shifts. Future efforts need to ensure that forecasts allow for demographic and evolutionary change and that management strategies will maximize (or minimize) the adaptive potential of range-shifting insects, with benefits for biodiversity and ecosystem services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Wellenreuther
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd, Nelson, New Zealand; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rachael Y Dudaniec
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Anika Neu
- Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Jon Bridle
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, UK
| | - José A Carbonell
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain; Laboratory of Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Sarah E Diamond
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Katie E Marshall
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Camille Parmesan
- Station d'Écologie Théorique et Expérimentale (SETE), CNRS, 2 route du CNRS, 09200 Moulis, France; Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK; Dept of Geological Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Michael C Singer
- Station d'Écologie Théorique et Expérimentale (SETE), CNRS, 2 route du CNRS, 09200 Moulis, France; Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Janne Swaegers
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Chris D Thomas
- Leverhulme Centre for Anthropocene Biodiversity, University of York, Wentworth Way, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Lesley T Lancaster
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen UK AB24 2TZ.
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12
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Schou MF, Engelbrecht A, Brand Z, Svensson EI, Cloete S, Cornwallis CK. Evolutionary trade-offs between heat and cold tolerance limit responses to fluctuating climates. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn9580. [PMID: 35622916 PMCID: PMC9140960 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn9580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The evolutionary potential of species to cope with short-term temperature fluctuations during reproduction is critical to predicting responses to future climate change. Despite this, vertebrate research has focused on reproduction under high or low temperatures in relatively stable temperate climates. Here, we characterize the genetic basis of reproductive thermal tolerance to temperature fluctuations in the ostrich, which lives in variable environments in tropical and subtropical Africa. Both heat and cold tolerance were under selection and heritable, indicating the potential for evolutionary responses to mean temperature change. However, we found evidence for a negative, genetic correlation between heat and cold tolerance that should limit the potential for adaptation to fluctuating temperatures. Genetic constraints between heat and cold tolerance appear a crucial, yet underappreciated, factor influencing responses to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads F. Schou
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anel Engelbrecht
- Directorate Animal Sciences, Western Cape Department of Agriculture, Elsenburg, South Africa
| | - Zanell Brand
- Directorate Animal Sciences, Western Cape Department of Agriculture, Elsenburg, South Africa
| | | | - Schalk Cloete
- Directorate Animal Sciences, Western Cape Department of Agriculture, Elsenburg, South Africa
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, South Africa
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13
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Oomen RA, Hutchings JA. Genomic reaction norms inform predictions of plastic and adaptive responses to climate change. J Anim Ecol 2022; 91:1073-1087. [PMID: 35445402 PMCID: PMC9325537 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Genomic reaction norms represent the range of gene expression phenotypes (usually mRNA transcript levels) expressed by a genotype along an environmental gradient. Reaction norms derived from common‐garden experiments are powerful approaches for disentangling plastic and adaptive responses to environmental change in natural populations. By treating gene expression as a phenotype in itself, genomic reaction norms represent invaluable tools for exploring causal mechanisms underlying organismal responses to climate change across multiple levels of biodiversity. Our goal is to provide the context, framework and motivation for applying genomic reaction norms to study the responses of natural populations to climate change. Here, we describe the utility of integrating genomics with common‐garden‐gradient experiments under a reaction norm analytical framework to answer fundamental questions about phenotypic plasticity, local adaptation, their interaction (i.e. genetic variation in plasticity) and future adaptive potential. An experimental and analytical framework for constructing and analysing genomic reaction norms is presented within the context of polygenic climate change responses of structured populations with gene flow. Intended for a broad eco‐evo readership, we first briefly review adaptation with gene flow and the importance of understanding the genomic basis and spatial scale of adaptation for conservation and management of structured populations under anthropogenic change. Then, within a high‐dimensional reaction norm framework, we illustrate how to distinguish plastic, differentially expressed (difference in reaction norm intercepts) and differentially plastic (difference in reaction norm slopes) genes, highlighting the areas of opportunity for applying these concepts. We conclude by discussing how genomic reaction norms can be incorporated into a holistic framework to understand the eco‐evolutionary dynamics of climate change responses from molecules to ecosystems. We aim to inspire researchers to integrate gene expression measurements into common‐garden experimental designs to investigate the genomics of climate change responses as sequencing costs become increasingly accessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah A Oomen
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Coastal Research (CCR), University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Jeffrey A Hutchings
- Centre for Coastal Research (CCR), University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway.,Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Institute of Marine Research, Flødevigen Marine Research Station, His, Norway
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14
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Swaegers J, Sánchez-Guillén RA, Carbonell JA, Stoks R. Convergence of life history and physiology during range expansion toward the phenotype of the native sister species. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 816:151530. [PMID: 34762959 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In our globally changing planet many species show range expansions whereby they encounter new thermal regimes that deviate from those of their source region. Pressing questions are to what extent and through which mechanisms, plasticity and/or evolution, species respond to the new thermal regimes and whether these trait changes are adaptive. Using a common-garden experiment, we tested for plastic and evolutionary trait changes in life history and a set of understudied biochemical/physiological traits during the range expansion of the damselfly Ischnura elegans from France into a warmer region in Spain. To assess the adaptiveness of the trait changes we used the phenotype of its native sister species in Spain, I. graellsii, as proxy for the locally adapted phenotype. While our design cannot fully exclude maternal effects, our results suggest that edge populations adapted to the local conditions in the newly invaded region through the evolution of a faster pace-of-life (faster development and growth rates), a smaller body size, a higher energy budget and increased expression levels of the heat shock gene DnaJ. Notably, based on convergence toward the phenotype of the native sister species and its thermal responses, and the fit with predictions of life history theory these potential evolutionary changes were likely adaptive. Nevertheless, the convergence toward the native sister species is incomplete for thermal plasticity in traits associated with anaerobic metabolism and melanization. Our results highlight that evolution might at least partly contribute in an adaptive way to the persistence of populations during range expansion into new thermal environments and should be incorporated when predicting and understanding species' range expansions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janne Swaegers
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, Leuven B-3000, Belgium.
| | | | - José A Carbonell
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, Leuven B-3000, Belgium; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, Reina Mercedes, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Robby Stoks
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
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15
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Lancaster LT. On the macroecological significance of eco-evolutionary dynamics: the range shift-niche breadth hypothesis. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20210013. [PMID: 35067095 PMCID: PMC8784922 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Global correlations of range size and niche breadth, and their relationship to latitude, have long intrigued ecologists and biogeographers. Study of these patterns has given rise to a number of hypothesized ecological and evolutionary processes purported to shape biogeographic outcomes, including the climate variability hypothesis, oscillation hypothesis, ecological opportunity, competitive release and taxon cycles. Here, I introduce the alternative range shift-niche breadth hypothesis, which posits that broader niches and larger range sizes are jointly determined under eco-evolutionary processes unique to expanding ranges, which may or may not be adaptive, but which co-shape observed latitudinal gradients in niche breadth and range size during periods of widespread range expansion. I formulate this hypothesis in comparison against previous hypotheses, exploring how each relies on equilibrium versus non-equilibrium evolutionary processes, faces differing issues of definition and scale, and results in alternative predictions for comparative risk and resilience of global ecosystems. Such differences highlight that accurate understanding of process is critical when applying macroecological insight to biodiversity forecasting. Furthermore, past conceptual emphasis on a central role of local adaptation under equilibrium conditions may have obscured a ubiquitous role of non-equilibrium evolutionary processes for generating many important, regional and global macroecological patterns. This article is part of the theme issue 'Species' ranges in the face of changing environments (part I)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley T Lancaster
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK
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16
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De Lisle SP, Mäenpää MI, Svensson EI. Phenotypic plasticity is aligned with phenological adaptation on both micro- and macroevolutionary timescales. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:790-801. [PMID: 35026042 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In seasonally variable environments, phenotypic plasticity in phenology may be critical for adaptation to fluctuating environmental conditions. Using an 18-generation longitudinal dataset from natural damselfly populations, we show that phenology has strongly advanced. Individual fitness data suggest this is likely an adaptive response towards a temperature-dependent optimum. A laboratory experiment revealed that developmental plasticity qualitatively matches the temperature dependence of selection, partially explaining observed advance in phenology. Expanding our analysis to the macroevolutionary level, we use a database of over 1-million occurrence records and spatiotemporally matched temperature data from 49 Swedish Odonate species to infer macroevolutionary dynamics of phenology. Phenological plasticity was more closely aligned with adaptation for species that have recently colonised northern latitudes, but with higher phenological mismatch at lower latitudes. Our results show that phenological plasticity plays a key role in microevolutionary dynamics within a single species, and such plasticity may have facilitated post-Pleistocene range expansion in this insect clade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P De Lisle
- Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Erik I Svensson
- Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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17
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Neu A, Fischer K. Indications for rapid evolution of trait means and thermal plasticity in range-expanding populations of a butterfly. J Evol Biol 2021; 35:124-133. [PMID: 34860427 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Currently, poleward range expansions are observed in many taxa, often in response to anthropogenic climate change. At the expanding front, populations likely face cooler and more variable temperature conditions, imposing thermal selection. This may result in changes in trait means or plasticity, the relative contribution of which is not well understood. We, here, investigate evolutionary change in range-expanding populations of the butterfly Pieris mannii, by comparing populations from the core and the newly established northern range under laboratory conditions. We observed both changes in trait means and in thermal reaction norms. Range-expanding populations showed a more rapid development, potentially indicative of counter-gradient variation and an increased cold tolerance compared with core populations. Genotype-environment interactions prevailed in all associated traits, such that the above differences were restricted to cooler environmental conditions. In range-expanding populations, plasticity was decreased in developmental traits enabling relatively rapid growth even under cooler conditions but increased in cold tolerance arguably promoting higher activity under thermally challenging conditions. Notably, these changes must have occurred within a time period of ca. 10 years only. Our results suggest, in line with contemporary theory, that the evolution of plasticity may play a hitherto underestimated role for adaptation to climatic variation. However, rather than generally increased or decreased levels of plasticity, our results indicate fine-tuned, trait-specific evolutionary responses to increase fitness in novel environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Neu
- Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Klaus Fischer
- Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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18
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Deng J, Assandri G, Chauhan P, Futahashi R, Galimberti A, Hansson B, Lancaster LT, Takahashi Y, Svensson EI, Duplouy A. Wolbachia-driven selective sweep in a range expanding insect species. BMC Ecol Evol 2021; 21:181. [PMID: 34563127 PMCID: PMC8466699 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-021-01906-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evolutionary processes can cause strong spatial genetic signatures, such as local loss of genetic diversity, or conflicting histories from mitochondrial versus nuclear markers. Investigating these genetic patterns is important, as they may reveal obscured processes and players. The maternally inherited bacterium Wolbachia is among the most widespread symbionts in insects. Wolbachia typically spreads within host species by conferring direct fitness benefits, and/or by manipulating its host reproduction to favour infected over uninfected females. Under sufficient selective advantage, the mitochondrial haplotype associated with the favoured maternally-inherited symbiotic strains will spread (i.e. hitchhike), resulting in low mitochondrial genetic variation across the host species range. Method The common bluetail damselfly (Ischnura elegans: van der Linden, 1820) has recently emerged as a model organism for genetics and genomic signatures of range expansion during climate change. Although there is accumulating data on the consequences of such expansion on the genetics of I. elegans, no study has screened for Wolbachia in the damselfly genus Ischnura. Here, we present the biogeographic variation in Wolbachia prevalence and penetrance across Europe and Japan (including samples from 17 populations), and from close relatives in the Mediterranean area (i.e. I. genei: Rambur, 1842; and I. saharensis: Aguesse, 1958). Results Our data reveal (a) multiple Wolbachia-strains, (b) potential transfer of the symbiont through hybridization, (c) higher infection rates at higher latitudes, and (d) reduced mitochondrial diversity in the north-west populations, indicative of hitchhiking associated with the selective sweep of the most common strain. We found low mitochondrial haplotype diversity in the Wolbachia-infected north-western European populations (Sweden, Scotland, the Netherlands, Belgium, France and Italy) of I. elegans, and, conversely, higher mitochondrial diversity in populations with low penetrance of Wolbachia (Ukraine, Greece, Montenegro and Cyprus). The timing of the selective sweep associated with infected lineages was estimated between 20,000 and 44,000 years before present, which is consistent with the end of the last glacial period about 20,000 years. Conclusions Our findings provide an example of how endosymbiont infections can shape spatial variation in their host evolutionary genetics during postglacial expansion. These results also challenge population genetic studies that do not consider the prevalence of symbionts in many insects, which we show can impact geographic patterns of mitochondrial genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchen Deng
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, 223 62, Lund, Sweden.,Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Giacomo Assandri
- Area per l'Avifauna Migratrice, Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPA), Via Ca' Fornacetta 9, 40064, Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Pallavi Chauhan
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, 223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ryo Futahashi
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advance Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Trukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan
| | - Andrea Galimberti
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Bengt Hansson
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, 223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lesley T Lancaster
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, UK
| | - Yuma Takahashi
- Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Erik I Svensson
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, 223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anne Duplouy
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, 223 62, Lund, Sweden. .,Insect Symbiosis Ecology and Evolution Lab, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program, The University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
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19
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Yi J, Liu J, Li D, Sun D, Li J, An Y, Wu H. Transcriptome responses to heat and cold stress in prepupae of Trichogramma chilonis. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:4816-4825. [PMID: 33976850 PMCID: PMC8093697 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichogramma is a useful species that is widely applied in biocontrol. Temperature profoundly affects the commercial application of T. chilonis. Different developmental transcriptomes of prepupae and pupae of T. chilonis under 10, 25, and 40°C were obtained from our previous study. In this study, transcriptomic analysis was further conducted to gain a clear understanding of the molecular changes in the prepupae of T. chilonis under different thermal conditions. A total of 37,295 unigenes were identified from 3 libraries of prepupae of T. chilonis, 17,293 of which were annotated. Differential expression analysis showed that 408 and 108 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified after heat and cold treatment, respectively. Under heat stress, the pathway of protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum was found to be active. Most of the genes involved in this pathway were annotated as lethal (2) essential for life [l(2)efl] and heat shock protein genes (hsps), which were both highly upregulated. Nevertheless, most of the genes involved in another significantly enriched pathway of starch and sucrose metabolism were downregulated, including 1 alpha-glucosidase gene and 2 beta-glucuronidase genes. Under cold stress, no significantly enriched pathway was found, and the significantly enriched GO terms were related to the interaction with host and immune defenses. Together, these results provide us with a comprehensive view of the molecular mechanisms of T. chilonis in response to temperature stresses and will provide new insight into the mass rearing and utilization of T. chilonis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiequn Yi
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Pesticide and FertilizerInstitute of BioengineeringGuangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Jianbai Liu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Pesticide and FertilizerInstitute of BioengineeringGuangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Dunsong Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection/Plant Protection Research InstituteGuangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Donglei Sun
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Pesticide and FertilizerInstitute of BioengineeringGuangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Jihu Li
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Pesticide and FertilizerInstitute of BioengineeringGuangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Yuxing An
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Pesticide and FertilizerInstitute of BioengineeringGuangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Han Wu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Pesticide and FertilizerInstitute of BioengineeringGuangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
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20
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Genome assembly, sex-biased gene expression and dosage compensation in the damselfly Ischnura elegans. Genomics 2021; 113:1828-1837. [PMID: 33831439 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of sex chromosomes, and patterns of sex-biased gene expression and dosage compensation, are poorly known among early winged insects such as odonates. We assembled and annotated the genome of Ischnura elegans (blue-tailed damselfly), which, like other odonates, has a male-hemigametic sex-determining system (X0 males, XX females). By identifying X-linked genes in I. elegans and their orthologs in other insect genomes, we found homologies between the X chromosome in odonates and chromosomes of other orders, including the X chromosome in Coleoptera. Next, we showed balanced expression of X-linked genes between sexes in adult I. elegans, i.e. evidence of dosage compensation. Finally, among the genes in the sex-determining pathway only fruitless was found to be X-linked, while only doublesex showed sex-biased expression. This study reveals partly conserved sex chromosome synteny and independent evolution of dosage compensation among insect orders separated by several hundred million years of evolutionary history.
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21
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Dudaniec RY, Carey AR, Svensson EI, Hansson B, Yong CJ, Lancaster LT. Latitudinal clines in sexual selection, sexual size dimorphism and sex-specific genetic dispersal during a poleward range expansion. J Anim Ecol 2021; 91:1104-1118. [PMID: 33759189 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Range expansions can be shaped by sex differences in behaviours and other phenotypic traits affecting dispersal and reproduction. Here, we investigate sex differences in morphology, behaviour and genomic population differentiation along a climate-mediated range expansion in the common bluetail damselfly (Ischnura elegans) in northern Europe. We sampled 65 sites along a 583-km gradient spanning the I. elegans range in Sweden and quantified latitudinal gradients in site relative abundance, sex ratio and sex-specific shifts in body size and mating status (a measure of sexual selection). Using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data for 426 individuals from 25 sites, we further investigated sex-specific landscape and climatic effects on neutral genetic connectivity and migration patterns. We found evidence for sex differences associated with the I. elegans range expansion, namely (a) increased male body size with latitude, but no latitudinal effect on female body size, resulting in reduced sexual dimorphism towards the range limit, (b) a steeper decline in male genetic similarity with increasing geographic distance than in females, (c) male-biased genetic migration propensity and (d) a latitudinal cline in migration distance (increasing migratory distances towards the range margin), which was stronger in males. Cooler mean annual temperatures towards the range limit were associated with increased resistance to gene flow in both sexes. Sex ratios became increasingly male biased towards the range limit, and there was evidence for a changed sexual selection regime shifting from favouring larger males in the south to favouring smaller males in the north. Our findings suggest sex-specific spatial phenotype sorting at the range limit, where larger males disperse more under higher landscape resistance associated with cooler climates. The combination of latitudinal gradients in sex-biased dispersal, increasing male body size and (reduced) sexual size dimorphism should have emergent consequences for sexual selection dynamics and the mating system at the expanding range front. Our study illustrates the importance of considering sex differences in the study of range expansions driven by ongoing climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Y Dudaniec
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alexander R Carey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Planning, Industry and Environment, Saving our Species Program, New South Wales Government, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Bengt Hansson
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Chuan Ji Yong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lesley T Lancaster
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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22
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Carbonell JA, Wang YJ, Stoks R. Evolution of cold tolerance and thermal plasticity in life history, behaviour and physiology during a poleward range expansion. J Anim Ecol 2021; 90:1666-1677. [PMID: 33724470 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Many species that are moving polewards encounter novel thermal regimes to which they have to adapt. Therefore, rapid evolution of thermal tolerance and of thermal plasticity in fitness-related traits in edge populations can be crucial for the success and speed of range expansions. We tested for adaptation in cold tolerance and in life history, behavioural and physiological traits and their thermal plasticity during a poleward range expansion. We reconstructed the thermal performance curves of life history (survival, growth and development rates), behaviour (food intake) and cold tolerance (chill coma recovery time) in the aquatic larval stage of the damselfly Ischnura elegans that is currently showing a poleward range expansion in northern Europe. We studied larvae from three edge and three core populations using a common-garden experiment. Consistent with the colder annual temperatures, larvae at the expansion front evolved an improved cold tolerance. The edge populations showed no overall (across temperatures) evolution of a faster life history that would improve their range-shifting ability. Moreover, consistent with damselfly edge populations from colder latitudes, edge populations evolved at the highest rearing temperature (28°C) a faster development rate, likely to better exploit the rare periods with higher temperatures. This was associated with a higher food intake and a lower metabolic rate. In conclusion, our results suggest that the edge populations rapidly evolved adaptive changes in trait means and thermal plasticity to the novel thermal conditions at the edge front. Our results highlight the importance of considering besides trait plasticity and the evolution of trait means, also the evolution of trait plasticity to improve forecasts of responses to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio Carbonell
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Wetland Ecology, Doñana Biological Station (EBD-CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - Ying-Jie Wang
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robby Stoks
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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23
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Wegner KM, Lokmer A, John U. Genomic and Transcriptomic Differentiation of Independent Invasions of the Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.567049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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24
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Swaegers J, Spanier KI, Stoks R. Genetic compensation rather than genetic assimilation drives the evolution of plasticity in response to mild warming across latitudes in a damselfly. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:4823-4834. [PMID: 33031581 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Global warming is causing plastic and evolutionary changes in the phenotypes of ectotherms. Yet, we have limited knowledge on how the interplay between plasticity and evolution shapes thermal responses and underlying gene expression patterns. We assessed thermal reaction norm patterns across the transcriptome and identified associated molecular pathways in northern and southern populations of the damselfly Ischnura elegans. Larvae were reared in a common garden experiment at the mean summer water temperatures experienced at the northern (20°C) and southern (24°C) latitudes. This allowed a space-for-time substitution where the current gene expression levels at 24°C in southern larvae are a proxy for the expected responses of northern larvae under gradual thermal evolution to the predicted 4°C warming. Most differentially expressed genes showed fixed differences across temperatures between latitudes, suggesting that thermal genetic adaptation will mainly evolve through changes in constitutive gene expression. Northern populations also frequently showed plastic responses in gene expression to mild warming, while southern populations were much less responsive to temperature. Thermal responsive genes in northern populations showed to a large extent a pattern of genetic compensation, namely gene expression that was induced at 24°C in northern populations remained at a lower constant level in southern populations, and were associated with metabolic and translation pathways. There was instead little evidence for genetic assimilation of an initial plastic response to mild warming. Our data therefore suggest that genetic compensation rather than genetic assimilation may drive the evolution of plasticity in response to mild warming in this damselfly species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janne Swaegers
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katina I Spanier
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robby Stoks
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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25
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Tonione MA, Bi K, Tsutsui ND. Transcriptomic signatures of cold adaptation and heat stress in the winter ant (Prenolepis imparis). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239558. [PMID: 33002025 PMCID: PMC7529264 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change is a serious threat to biodiversity; it is therefore important to understand how animals will react to this stress. Ectotherms, such as ants, are especially sensitive to the climate as the environmental temperature influences myriad aspects of their biology, from optimal foraging time to developmental rate. In this study, we conducted an RNA-seq analysis to identify stress-induced genes in the winter ant (Prenolepis imparis). We quantified gene expression during heat and cold stress relative to a control temperature. From each of our conditions, we sequenced the transcriptome of three individuals. Our de novo assembly included 13,324 contigs that were annotated against the nr and SwissProt databases. We performed gene ontology and enrichment analyses to gain insight into the physiological processes involved in the stress response. We identified a total of 643 differentially expressed genes across both treatments. Of these, only seven genes were differentially expressed in the cold-stressed ants, which could indicate that the temperature we chose for trials did not induce a strong stress response, perhaps due to the cold adaptations of this species. Conversely, we found a strong response to heat: 426 upregulated genes and 210 downregulated genes. Of these, ten were expressed at a greater than ten-fold change relative to the control. The transcripts we could identify included those encoding for protein folding genes, heat shock proteins, histones, and Ca2+ ion transport. One of these transcripts, hsc70-4L was found to be under positive selection. We also characterized the functional categories of differentially expressed genes. These candidate genes may be functionally conserved and relevant for related species that will deal with rapid climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Adelena Tonione
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Ke Bi
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America.,Computational Genomics Resource Laboratory (CGRL), California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Neil Durie Tsutsui
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
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26
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Lecheta MC, Awde DN, O’Leary TS, Unfried LN, Jacobs NA, Whitlock MH, McCabe E, Powers B, Bora K, Waters JS, Axen HJ, Frietze S, Lockwood BL, Teets NM, Cahan SH. Integrating GWAS and Transcriptomics to Identify the Molecular Underpinnings of Thermal Stress Responses in Drosophila melanogaster. Front Genet 2020; 11:658. [PMID: 32655626 PMCID: PMC7324644 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermal tolerance of an organism depends on both the ability to dynamically adjust to a thermal stress and preparatory developmental processes that enhance thermal resistance. However, the extent to which standing genetic variation in thermal tolerance alleles influence dynamic stress responses vs. preparatory processes is unknown. Here, using the model species Drosophila melanogaster, we used a combination of Genome Wide Association mapping (GWAS) and transcriptomic profiling to characterize whether genes associated with thermal tolerance are primarily involved in dynamic stress responses or preparatory processes that influence physiological condition at the time of thermal stress. To test our hypotheses, we measured the critical thermal minimum (CTmin) and critical thermal maximum (CTmax) of 100 lines of the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP) and used GWAS to identify loci that explain variation in thermal limits. We observed greater variation in lower thermal limits, with CTmin ranging from 1.81 to 8.60°C, while CTmax ranged from 38.74 to 40.64°C. We identified 151 and 99 distinct genes associated with CTmin and CTmax, respectively, and there was strong support that these genes are involved in both dynamic responses to thermal stress and preparatory processes that increase thermal resistance. Many of the genes identified by GWAS were involved in the direct transcriptional response to thermal stress (72/151 for cold; 59/99 for heat), and overall GWAS candidates were more likely to be differentially expressed than other genes. Further, several GWAS candidates were regulatory genes that may participate in the regulation of stress responses, and gene ontologies related to development and morphogenesis were enriched, suggesting many of these genes influence thermal tolerance through effects on development and physiological status. Overall, our results suggest that thermal tolerance alleles can influence both dynamic plastic responses to thermal stress and preparatory processes that improve thermal resistance. These results also have utility for directly comparing GWAS and transcriptomic approaches for identifying candidate genes associated with thermal tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melise C. Lecheta
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - David N. Awde
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Thomas S. O’Leary
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Laura N. Unfried
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Nicholas A. Jacobs
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Miles H. Whitlock
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Eleanor McCabe
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Beck Powers
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Katie Bora
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - James S. Waters
- Department of Biology, Providence College, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Heather J. Axen
- Department of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Salve Regina College, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Seth Frietze
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Brent L. Lockwood
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Nicholas M. Teets
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Sara H. Cahan
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
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27
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Leonard AM, Lancaster LT. Maladaptive plasticity facilitates evolution of thermal tolerance during an experimental range shift. BMC Evol Biol 2020; 20:47. [PMID: 32326878 PMCID: PMC7181507 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-020-1589-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many organisms are responding to climate change with dramatic range shifts, involving plastic and genetic changes to cope with novel climate regimes found at higher latitudes. Using experimental lineages of the seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus, we simulated the initial phase of colonisation to progressively cooler and/or more variable conditions, to investigate how adaptation and phenotypic plasticity contribute to shifts in thermal tolerance during colonisation of novel climates. Results We show that heat and cold tolerance rapidly evolve during the initial stages of adaptation to progressively cooler and more variable climates. The evolved shift in cold tolerance is, however, associated with maladaptive plasticity under the novel conditions, resulting in a pattern of countergradient variation between the ancestral and novel, fluctuating thermal environment. In contrast, lineages exposed to progressively cooler, but constant, temperatures over several generations expressed only beneficial plasticity in cold tolerances and no evolved response. Conclusions We propose that thermal adaptation during a range expansion to novel, more variable climates found at high latitudes and elevations may typically involve genetic compensation arising from maladaptive plasticity in the initial stages of adaptation, and that this form of (countergradient) thermal adaptation may represent an opportunity for more rapid and labile evolutionary change in thermal tolerances than via classic genetic assimilation models for thermal tolerance evolution (i.e., selection on existing reaction norms). Moreover, countergradient variation in thermal tolerances may typically mask cryptic genetic variability for these traits, resulting in apparent evolutionary stasis in thermal traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoife M Leonard
- School of Biological Sciences, Zoology Building, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, UK.
| | - Lesley T Lancaster
- School of Biological Sciences, Zoology Building, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, UK
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28
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González-Tokman D, Córdoba-Aguilar A, Dáttilo W, Lira-Noriega A, Sánchez-Guillén RA, Villalobos F. Insect responses to heat: physiological mechanisms, evolution and ecological implications in a warming world. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 95:802-821. [PMID: 32035015 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Surviving changing climate conditions is particularly difficult for organisms such as insects that depend on environmental temperature to regulate their physiological functions. Insects are extremely threatened by global warming, since many do not have enough physiological tolerance even to survive continuous exposure to the current maximum temperatures experienced in their habitats. Here, we review literature on the physiological mechanisms that regulate responses to heat and provide heat tolerance in insects: (i) neuronal mechanisms to detect and respond to heat; (ii) metabolic responses to heat; (iii) thermoregulation; (iv) stress responses to tolerate heat; and (v) hormones that coordinate developmental and behavioural responses at warm temperatures. Our review shows that, apart from the stress response mediated by heat shock proteins, the physiological mechanisms of heat tolerance in insects remain poorly studied. Based on life-history theory, we discuss the costs of heat tolerance and the potential evolutionary mechanisms driving insect adaptations to high temperatures. Some insects may deal with ongoing global warming by the joint action of phenotypic plasticity and genetic adaptation. Plastic responses are limited and may not be by themselves enough to withstand ongoing warming trends. Although the evidence is still scarce and deserves further research in different insect taxa, genetic adaptation to high temperatures may result from rapid evolution. Finally, we emphasize the importance of incorporating physiological information for modelling species distributions and ecological interactions under global warming scenarios. This review identifies several open questions to improve our understanding of how insects respond physiologically to heat and the evolutionary and ecological consequences of those responses. Further lines of research are suggested at the species, order and class levels, with experimental and analytical approaches such as artificial selection, quantitative genetics and comparative analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel González-Tokman
- CONACYT, CDMX, 03940, Mexico.,Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología A. C, Xalapa, 91073, Mexico
| | - Alex Córdoba-Aguilar
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Circuito exterior s/n Ciudad Universitaria, CDMX, 04510, Mexico
| | - Wesley Dáttilo
- Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología A. C, Xalapa, 91073, Mexico
| | - Andrés Lira-Noriega
- CONACYT, CDMX, 03940, Mexico.,Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A. C, Xalapa, 91073, Mexico
| | | | - Fabricio Villalobos
- Red de Biología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología A. C, Xalapa, 91073, Mexico
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29
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Waller JT, Willink B, Tschol M, Svensson EI. The odonate phenotypic database, a new open data resource for comparative studies of an old insect order. Sci Data 2019; 6:316. [PMID: 31831730 PMCID: PMC6908694 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-019-0318-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We present The Odonate Phenotypic Database (OPD): an online data resource of dragonfly and damselfly phenotypes (Insecta: Odonata). Odonata is a relatively small insect order that currently consists of about 6400 species belonging to 32 families. The database consists of multiple morphological, life-history and behavioral traits, and biogeographical information collected from literature sources. We see taxon-specific phenotypic databases from Odonata and other organismal groups as becoming an increasing valuable resource in comparative studies. Our database has phenotypic records for 1011 of all 6400 known odonate species. The database is accessible at http://www.odonatephenotypicdatabase.org/, and a static version with an information file about the variables in the database is archived at Dryad.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Waller
- Department of Biology, Lund University, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), GBIF Secretariat Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Beatriz Willink
- Department of Biology, Lund University, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden
- School of Biology, University of Costa Rica, San Jose, 11501-2060, Costa Rica
| | - Maximilian Tschol
- Department of Biology, Lund University, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden
- School of Biological Sciences, Zoology Building, University of Aberdeen, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, UK
| | - Erik I Svensson
- Department of Biology, Lund University, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden.
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30
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Dillon ME, Lozier JD. Adaptation to the abiotic environment in insects: the influence of variability on ecophysiology and evolutionary genomics. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2019; 36:131-139. [PMID: 31698151 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Advances in tools to gather environmental, phenotypic, and molecular data have accelerated our ability to detect abiotic drivers of variation across the genome-to-phenome spectrum in model and non-model insects. However, differences in the spatial and temporal resolution of these data sets may create gaps in our understanding of linkages between environment, genotype, and phenotype that yield missed or misleading results about adaptive variation. In this review we highlight sources of variability that might impact studies of phenotypic and 'omic environmental adaptation, challenges to collecting data at relevant scales, and possible solutions that link intensive fine-scale reductionist studies of mechanisms to large-scale biogeographic patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Dillon
- Department of Zoology & Physiology and Program in Ecology, The University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, USA.
| | - Jeffrey D Lozier
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Box 870344, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
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31
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Svensson EI, Willink B, Duryea MC, Lancaster LT. Temperature drives pre‐reproductive selection and shapes the biogeography of a female polymorphism. Ecol Lett 2019; 23:149-159. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.13417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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32
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Van Dievel M, Tüzün N, Stoks R. Latitude-associated evolution and drivers of thermal response curves in body stoichiometry. J Anim Ecol 2019; 88:1961-1972. [PMID: 31408526 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Trait-based studies are needed to understand the plastic and genetic responses of organisms to warming. A neglected organismal trait is elemental composition, despite its potential to cascade into effects on the ecosystem level. Warming is predicted to shape elemental composition through shifts in storage molecules associated with responses in growth, body size and metabolic rate. Our goals were to quantify thermal response patterns in body composition and to obtain insights into their underlying drivers and their evolution across latitudes. We reconstructed the thermal response curves (TRCs) for body elemental composition [C (carbon), N (nitrogen) and the C:N ratio] of damselfly larvae from high- and low-latitude populations. Additionally, we quantified the TRCs for survival, growth and development rates and body size to assess local thermal adaptation, as well as the TRCs for metabolic rate and key macromolecules (proteins, fat, sugars and cuticular melanin and chitin) as these may underlie the elemental TRCs. All larvae died at 36°C. Up to 32°C, low-latitude larvae increased growth and development rates and did not suffer increased mortality. Instead, growth and development rates of high-latitude larvae were lower and levelled off at 24°C, and mortality increased at 32°C. This latitude-associated thermal adaptation pattern matched the 'hotter-is-better' hypothesis. With increasing temperatures, low-latitude larvae decreased C:N, while high-latitude larvae increased C:N. These patterns were driven by associated changes in N contents, while C contents did not respond to temperature. Consistent with the temperature-size rule and the thermal melanism hypothesis, body size and melanin levels decreased with warming. While all traits and associated macromolecules (except for metabolic rate that showed thermal compensation) assumed to underlie thermal responses in elemental composition showed thermal plasticity, these were largely independent and none could explain the stoichiometric TRCs. Our results highlight that thermal responses in elemental composition cannot be explained by traditionally assumed drivers, asking for a broader perspective including the thermal dependence of elemental fluxes. Another key implication is that thermal evolution can reverse the plastic stoichiometric thermal responses and hence reverse how warming may shape food web dynamics through changes in body composition at different latitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Van Dievel
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nedim Tüzün
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robby Stoks
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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33
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Svensson EI, Goedert D, Gómez-Llano MA, Spagopoulou F, Nava-Bolaños A, Booksmythe I. Sex differences in local adaptation: what can we learn from reciprocal transplant experiments? Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 373:rstb.2017.0420. [PMID: 30150219 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Local adaptation is of fundamental interest to evolutionary biologists. Traditionally, local adaptation has been studied using reciprocal transplant experiments to quantify fitness differences between residents and immigrants in pairwise transplants between study populations. Previous studies have detected local adaptation in some cases, but others have shown lack of adaptation or even maladaptation. Recently, the importance of different fitness components, such as survival and fecundity, to local adaptation have been emphasized. Here, we address another neglected aspect in studies of local adaptation: sex differences. Given the ubiquity of sexual dimorphism in life histories and phenotypic traits, this neglect is surprising, but may be partly explained by differences in research traditions and terminology in the fields of local adaptation and sexual selection. Studies that investigate differences in mating success between resident and immigrants across populations tend to be framed in terms of reproductive and behavioural isolation, rather than local adaptation. We briefly review the published literature that bridges these areas and suggest that reciprocal transplant experiments could benefit from quantifying both male and female fitness components. Such a more integrative research approach could clarify the role of sex differences in the evolution of local adaptations.This article is part of the theme issue 'Linking local adaptation with the evolution of sex differences'.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Debora Goedert
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | | | - Foteini Spagopoulou
- Animal Ecology, Department of Ecology and Evolution, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Angela Nava-Bolaños
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 70-275, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Ciudad de México, México.,Secretaría de Educación Abierta y Continua, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, C.U., 04510 Ciudad de México, México
| | - Isobel Booksmythe
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, 3800 Victoria, Australia
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34
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Jones HR, Johnson KM, Kelly MW. Synergistic Effects of Temperature and Salinity on the Gene Expression and Physiology of Crassostrea virginica. Integr Comp Biol 2019; 59:306-319. [DOI: 10.1093/icb/icz035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, forms reefs that provide critical services to the surrounding ecosystem. These reefs are at risk from climate change, in part because altered rainfall patterns may amplify local fluctuations in salinity, impacting oyster recruitment, survival, and growth. As in other marine organisms, warming water temperatures might interact with these changes in salinity to synergistically influence oyster physiology. In this study, we used comparative transcriptomics, measurements of physiology, and a field assessment to investigate what phenotypic changes C. virginica uses to cope with combined temperature and salinity stress in the Gulf of Mexico. Oysters from a historically low salinity site (Sister Lake, LA) were exposed to fully crossed temperature (20°C and 30°C) and salinity (25, 15, and 7 PSU) treatments. Using comparative transcriptomics on oyster gill tissue, we identified a greater number of genes that were differentially expressed (DE) in response to low salinity at warmer temperatures. Functional enrichment analysis showed low overlap between genes DE in response to thermal stress compared with hypoosmotic stress and identified enrichment for gene ontologies associated with cell adhesion, transmembrane transport, and microtubule-based process. Experiments also showed that oysters changed their physiology at elevated temperatures and lowered salinity, with significantly increased respiration rates between 20°C and 30°C. However, despite the higher energetic demands, oysters did not increase their feeding rate. To investigate transcriptional differences between populations in situ, we collected gill tissue from three locations and two time points across the Louisiana Gulf coast and used quantitative PCR to measure the expression levels of seven target genes. We found an upregulation of genes that function in osmolyte transport, oxidative stress mediation, apoptosis, and protein synthesis at our low salinity site and sampling time point. In summary, oysters altered their phenotype more in response to low salinity at higher temperatures as evidenced by a higher number of DE genes during laboratory exposure, increased respiration (higher energetic demands), and in situ differential expression by season and location. These synergistic effects of hypoosmotic stress and increased temperature suggest that climate change will exacerbate the negative effects of low salinity exposure on eastern oysters.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Jones
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - K M Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - M W Kelly
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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35
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Okude G, Futahashi R, Tanahashi M, Fukatsu T. Laboratory Rearing System for Ischnura senegalensis (Insecta: Odonata) Enables Detailed Description of Larval Development and Morphogenesis in Dragonfly. Zoolog Sci 2019; 34:386-397. [PMID: 28990479 DOI: 10.2108/zs170051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In an attempt to establish an experimental dragonfly model, we developed a laboratory rearing system for the blue-tailed damselfly, Ischnura senegalensis. Adoption of multi-well plastic plates as rearing containers enabled mass-rearing of isolated larvae without cannibalism and convenient microscopic monitoring of individual larvae. Feeding Artemia brine shrimps to younger larvae and Tubifex worms for older larvae resulted in low mortality, synchronized ecdysis, and normal development of the larvae. We continuously monitored the development of 118 larvae every day, of which 49 individuals (41.5%) reached adulthood. The adult insects were fed with Drosophila flies in wet plastic cages, attained reproductive maturity in a week, copulated, laid fertilized eggs, and produced progeny. The final larval instar varied from 9th to 12th, with the 11th instar (56.5%) and the 12th instar (24.2%) constituting the majority. From the 1st instar to the penultimate instar, the duration of each instar was relatively short, mainly ranging from three to 11 days. Afterwards, the duration of each instar was prolonged, reaching 7-25 days for the penultimate instar and 14-28 days for the final instar. Some larvae of final, penultimate and younger instars were subjected to continuous and close morphological examinations, which enabled developmental staging of larvae based on size, shape, and angle of compound eyes and other morphological traits. This laboratory rearing system may facilitate the understanding of physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms underlying metamorphosis, hormonal control, morphogenesis, body color polymorphism, and other biological features of dragonflies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genta Okude
- 1 Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,2 Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8566, Japan
| | - Ryo Futahashi
- 2 Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8566, Japan
| | - Masahiko Tanahashi
- 2 Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8566, Japan
| | - Takema Fukatsu
- 1 Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,2 Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8566, Japan.,3 Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
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36
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Wood C, Fitt RNL, Lancaster LT. Evolving social dynamics prime thermal tolerance during a poleward range shift. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/bly197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Connor Wood
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Robert N L Fitt
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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37
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Yadav S, Stow AJ, Harris RMB, Dudaniec RY. Morphological Variation Tracks Environmental Gradients in an Agricultural Pest, Phaulacridium vittatum (Orthoptera: Acrididae). JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2018; 18:5228718. [PMID: 30508202 PMCID: PMC6276836 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iey121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Invertebrate pests often show high morphological variation and wide environmental tolerances. Knowledge of how phenotypic variation is associated with environmental heterogeneity can elucidate the processes underpinning these patterns. Here we examine morphological variation and relative abundance along environmental gradients in a widespread agricultural pest, native to Australia, the wingless grasshopper Phaulacridium vittatum (Sjöstedt). We test for correlations between body size, wing presence, and stripe polymorphism with environmental variables. Using multiple regression and mixed-effects modeling, body size and stripe polymorphism were positively associated with solar radiation, and wing presence was positively associated with foliage projective cover (FPC). There were no associations between body size or morphological traits with relative abundance. However, relative abundance was positively associated with latitude, soil moisture, and wind speed, but was negatively associated with FPC. Therefore, sites with low relative abundance and high forest cover were more likely to contain winged individuals. Overall, our results suggest that environmental and climatic conditions strongly influence the relative abundance and the distribution of morphotypes in P. vittatum, which is likely to affect dispersal and fitness in different landscapes. This knowledge is useful for informing how environmental change might influence the future spread and impact of this agricultural pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonu Yadav
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
- Corresponding author, e-mail:
| | - Adam J Stow
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rebecca M B Harris
- Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Rachael Y Dudaniec
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
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38
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Freda PJ, Alex JT, Morgan TJ, Ragland GJ. Genetic Decoupling of Thermal Hardiness across Metamorphosis in Drosophila melanogaster. Integr Comp Biol 2018; 57:999-1009. [PMID: 29045669 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icx102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As organisms age the environment fluctuates, exerting differential selection across ontogeny. In particular, highly seasonal environments expose life stages to often drastically different thermal environments. This developmental variation is particularly striking in organisms with complex life cycles, wherein life history stages also exhibit distinct morphologies, physiologies, and behaviors. Genes acting pleiotropically on thermal responses may produce genetic correlations across ontogeny, constraining the independent evolution of each life stage to their respective thermal environments. To investigate whether developmental genetic correlations constrain the evolution thermal hardiness of the fly Drosophila melanogaster, we applied quantitative genetic analyses to cold hardiness measured in both larvae and adults from isogenic lines of the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP), using survival at stressful low temperatures as the phenotypic metric. Using full genome resequencing data for the DGRP, we also implemented genome-wide association (GWA) analysis using Bayesian Sparse Linear Mixed Models (BSLMMs) to estimate associations between naturally segregating variation and cold hardiness for both larvae and adults. Quantitative genetic analyses revealed no significant genetic correlation for cold hardiness between life stages, suggesting complete genetic decoupling of thermal hardiness across the metamorphic boundary. Both quantitative genetic and GWA analyses suggested that polygenic variation underlies cold hardiness in both stages, and that associated loci largely affected one stage or the other, but not both. However, reciprocal enrichment tests and correlations between BSLMM parameters for each life stage support some shared physiological mechanisms that may reflect common cellular thermal response pathways. Overall, these results suggest no developmental genetic constraints on cold hardiness across metamorphosis in D. melanogaster, an important consideration in evolutionary models of responses to changing climates. Genetic correlations for environmental sensitivity across ontogeny remains largely unexplored in other organisms, thus assessing the generality of genetic decoupling will require further quantitative or population genetic analysis in additional species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Freda
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
| | - Jackson T Alex
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
| | - Theodore J Morgan
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
| | - Gregory J Ragland
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA.,Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado, Denver, CO 80217-3364, USA
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39
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Dudaniec RY, Yong CJ, Lancaster LT, Svensson EI, Hansson B. Signatures of local adaptation along environmental gradients in a range-expanding damselfly (Ischnura elegans). Mol Ecol 2018; 27:2576-2593. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Y. Dudaniec
- Department of Biological Sciences; Macquarie University; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Chuan Ji Yong
- Department of Biological Sciences; Macquarie University; Sydney NSW Australia
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40
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Leydet KP, Grupstra CGB, Coma R, Ribes M, Hellberg ME. Host-targeted RAD-Seq reveals genetic changes in the coralOculina patagonicaassociated with range expansion along the Spanish Mediterranean coast. Mol Ecol 2018; 27:2529-2543. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karine Posbic Leydet
- Department of Biological Sciences; Louisiana State University; Baton Rouge Louisiana
| | - Carsten G. B. Grupstra
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Institut de Ciències del mar; Barcelona Spain
| | - Rafel Coma
- Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes; Blanes Girona Spain
| | - Marta Ribes
- Institut de Ciències del mar; Barcelona Spain
| | - Michael E. Hellberg
- Department of Biological Sciences; Louisiana State University; Baton Rouge Louisiana
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Wellenreuther M, Muñoz J, Chávez‐Ríos JR, Hansson B, Cordero‐Rivera A, Sánchez‐Guillén RA. Molecular and ecological signatures of an expanding hybrid zone. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:4793-4806. [PMID: 29876058 PMCID: PMC5980427 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Many species are currently changing their distributions and subsequently form sympatric zones with hybridization between formerly allopatric species as one possible consequence. The damselfly Ischnura elegans has recently expanded south into the range of its ecologically and morphologically similar sister species Ischnura graellsii. Molecular work shows ongoing introgression between these species, but the extent to which this species mixing is modulated by ecological niche use is not known. Here, we (1) conduct a detailed population genetic analysis based on molecular markers and (2) model the ecological niche use of both species in allopatric and sympatric regions. Population genetic analyses showed chronic introgression between I. elegans and I. graellsii across a wide part of Spain, and admixture analysis corroborated this, showing that the majority of I. elegans from the sympatric zone could not be assigned to either the I. elegans or I. graellsii species cluster. Niche modeling demonstrated that I. elegans has modified its environmental niche following hybridization and genetic introgression with I. graellsii, making niche space of introgressed I. elegans populations more similar to I. graellsii. Taken together, this corroborates the view that adaptive introgression has moved genes from I. graellsii into I. elegans and that this process is enabling Spanish I. elegans to occupy a novel niche, further facilitating its expansion. Our results add to the growing evidence that hybridization can play an important and creative role in the adaptive evolution of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Wellenreuther
- Department of BiologyLund UniversityLundSweden
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research LtdNelsonNew Zealand
| | | | - Jesús R. Chávez‐Ríos
- Departamento de Biología Celular y FisiologíaUnidad Periférica TlaxcalaInstituto de Investigaciones BiomédicasUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoTlaxcalaMéxico
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42
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Dai TM, Wang YS, Liu WX, Lü ZC, Wan FH. Thermal Discrimination and Transgenerational Temperature Response in Bemisia tabaci Mediterranean (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae): Putative Involvement of the Thermo-Sensitive Receptor BtTRPA. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 47:204-209. [PMID: 29304195 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvx202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic climate change and global warming are expected to alter the geographic distribution and abundance of many ectothermic species, which will increase the invasion of new areas by exotic species. To survive in variable or fluctuating temperature conditions, insects require sensitive thermal sensory mechanisms to detect external thermal stimuli and induce the appropriate behavioral and physiological responses. TRPA, a thermal-activated transient receptor potential (TRP) family ion channel, is essential for thermotaxis in insects. Here, we investigated the potential role of BtTRPA in short-term and long-term thermal stress in Bemisia tabaci Mediterranean (Gennadius; Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). We found that BtTRPA was mainly expressed in the head, where the antennae are located. Under short-term thermal stress, the BtTRPA gene was robustly expressed after exposure to acute low or high temperatures, BtTRPA expression reached the highest levels after exposure to 0°C for 3 h and 40°C for 5 h, but was relatively low after exposure to milder stimuli (12 and 35°C). These results demonstrated that BtTRPA could discriminate between innocuous and noxious temperature stimuli. Under long-term thermal stress, the highest expression level of BtTRPA occurred at G1 exposed to mild innocuous temperature of 21 and 31°C, along with BtTRPA sharply increased and peaked in adult females, implying that mild innocuous long-term thermal exposure could cause transgenerational expression effects to enhance the ability of offspring to cope with the same stress. This study demonstrates that the channel BtTRPA is important in temperature sensing and provides a molecular basis for thermosensation regulation in response to varied environmental temperature in B. tabaci Mediterranean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Mei Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yu-Sheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Wan-Xue Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhi-Chuang Lü
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Fang-Hao Wan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- Agricultural Genome Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, PR China
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43
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Feindt W, Oppenheim SJ, DeSalle R, Goldstein PZ, Hadrys H. Transcriptome profiling with focus on potential key genes for wing development and evolution in Megaloprepus caerulatus, the damselfly species with the world's largest wings. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0189898. [PMID: 29329292 PMCID: PMC5766104 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution, development and coloration of insect wings remains a puzzling subject in evolutionary research. In basal flying insects such as Odonata, genomic research regarding bauplan evolution is still rare. Here we focus on the world's largest odonate species-the "forest giant" Megaloprepus caerulatus, to explore its potential for looking deeper into the development and evolution of wings. A recently discovered cryptic species complex in this genus previously considered monotypic is characterized by morphological differences in wing shape and color patterns. As a first step toward understanding wing pattern divergence and pathways involved in adaptation and speciation at the genomic level, we present a transcriptome profiling of M. caerulatus using RNA-Seq and compare these data with two other odonate species. The de novo transcriptome assembly consists of 61,560 high quality transcripts and is approximately 93% complete. For almost 75% of the identified transcripts a possible function could be assigned: 48,104 transcripts had a hit to an InterPro protein family or domain, and 28,653 were mapped to a Gene Ontology term. In particular, we focused on genes related to wing development and coloration. The comparison with two other species revealed larva-specific genes and a conserved 'core' set of over 8,000 genes forming orthologous clusters with Ischnura elegans and Ladona fulva. This transcriptome may provide a first point of reference for future research in odonates addressing questions surrounding the evolution of wing development, wing coloration and their role in speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Feindt
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, ITZ—Division of Ecology and Evolution, Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sara J. Oppenheim
- American Museum of Natural History, Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Robert DeSalle
- American Museum of Natural History, Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Paul Z. Goldstein
- Systematic Entomology Laboratory (USDA-ARS), National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Heike Hadrys
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, ITZ—Division of Ecology and Evolution, Hannover, Germany
- American Museum of Natural History, Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, New York, NY, United States of America
- Yale University, Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
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44
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Xie S, Yang X, Wang D, Zhu F, Yang N, Hou Z, Ning Z. Thyroid transcriptome analysis reveals different adaptive responses to cold environmental conditions between two chicken breeds. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191096. [PMID: 29320582 PMCID: PMC5761956 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Selection for cold tolerance in chickens is important for improving production performance and animal welfare. The identification of chicken breeds with higher cold tolerance and production performance will help to target candidates for the selection. The thyroid gland plays important roles in thermal adaptation, and its function is influenced by breed differences and transcriptional plasticity, both of which remain largely unknown in the chicken thyroid transcriptome. In this study, we subjected Bashang Long-tail (BS) and Rhode Island Red (RIR) chickens to either cold or warm environments for 21 weeks and investigated egg production performance, body weight changes, serum thyroid hormone concentrations, and thyroid gland transcriptome profiles. RIR chickens had higher egg production than BS chickens under warm conditions, but BS chickens produced more eggs than RIRs under cold conditions. Furthermore, BS chickens showed stable body weight gain under cold conditions while RIRs did not. These results suggested that BS breed is a preferable candidate for cold-tolerance selection and that the cold adaptability of RIRs should be improved in the future. BS chickens had higher serum thyroid hormone concentrations than RIRs under both environments. RNA-Seq generated 344.3 million paired-end reads from 16 sequencing libraries, and about 90% of the processed reads were concordantly mapped to the chicken reference genome. Differential expression analysis identified 46-1,211 genes in the respective comparisons. With regard to breed differences in the thyroid transcriptome, BS chickens showed higher cell replication and development, and immune response-related activity, while RIR chickens showed higher carbohydrate and protein metabolism activity. The cold environment reduced breed differences in the thyroid transcriptome compared with the warm environment. Transcriptional plasticity analysis revealed different adaptive responses in BS and RIR chickens to cope with the cold, and showed higher responsiveness in BS compared with RIR chickens, suggesting greater adaptability of the thyroid in BS chickens. Moreover, 10,053 differential splicing events were revealed among the groups, with RNA splicing and processing, gene expression, transport, and metabolism being the main affected biological processes, identifying a valuable alternative splicing repertoire for the chicken thyroid. A short isoform of TPO (encoding thyroid peroxidase) containing multiple open reading frames was generated in both breeds by skipping exons 4 and 5 in the cold environment. These findings provide novel clues for future studies of the molecular mechanisms underlying cold adaptation and/or acclimation in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Xie
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xukai Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dehe Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuocheng Hou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhonghua Ning
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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45
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Simon S, Sagasser S, Saccenti E, Brugler MR, Schranz ME, Hadrys H, Amato G, DeSalle R. Comparative transcriptomics reveal developmental turning points during embryogenesis of a hemimetabolous insect, the damselfly Ischnura elegans. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13547. [PMID: 29051502 PMCID: PMC5648782 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13176-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying transcriptional changes during embryogenesis is of crucial importance for unravelling evolutionary, molecular and cellular mechanisms that underpin patterning and morphogenesis. However, comparative studies focusing on early/embryonic stages during insect development are limited to a few taxa. Drosophila melanogaster is the paradigm for insect development, whereas comparative transcriptomic studies of embryonic stages of hemimetabolous insects are completely lacking. We reconstructed the first comparative transcriptome covering the daily embryonic developmental progression of the blue-tailed damselfly Ischnura elegans (Odonata), an ancient hemimetabolous representative. We identified a "core" set of 6,794 transcripts - shared by all embryonic stages - which are mainly involved in anatomical structure development and cellular nitrogen compound metabolic processes. We further used weighted gene co-expression network analysis to identify transcriptional changes during Odonata embryogenesis. Based on these analyses distinct clusters of transcriptional active sequences could be revealed, indicating that embryos at different development stages have their own transcriptomic profile according to the developmental events and leading to sequential reprogramming of metabolic and developmental genes. Interestingly, a major change in transcriptionally active sequences is correlated with katatrepsis (revolution) during mid-embryogenesis, a 180° rotation of the embryo within the egg and specific to hemimetabolous insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Simon
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West and 79th St., New York, NY, 10024, USA.
| | - Sven Sagasser
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Edoardo Saccenti
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mercer R Brugler
- Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West and 79th St., New York, NY, 10024, USA
- Biological Sciences Department, NYC College of Technology, City University of New York, 300 Jay Street, Brooklyn, New York, 11201, USA
| | - M Eric Schranz
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Heike Hadrys
- Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West and 79th St., New York, NY, 10024, USA
- ITZ, Ecology&Evolution, University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Buenteweg 17d, D-30559, Hannover, Germany
- Yale University, Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, 165 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - George Amato
- Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West and 79th St., New York, NY, 10024, USA
| | - Rob DeSalle
- Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West and 79th St., New York, NY, 10024, USA
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Abstract
Recent calls for a revision of standard evolutionary theory (SET) are based partly on arguments about the reciprocal causation. Reciprocal causation means that cause-effect relationships are bi-directional, as a cause could later become an effect and vice versa. Such dynamic cause-effect relationships raise questions about the distinction between proximate and ultimate causes, as originally formulated by Ernst Mayr. They have also motivated some biologists and philosophers to argue for an Extended Evolutionary Synthesis (EES). The EES will supposedly expand the scope of the Modern Synthesis (MS) and SET, which has been characterized as gene-centred, relying primarily on natural selection and largely neglecting reciprocal causation. Here, I critically examine these claims, with a special focus on the last conjecture. I conclude that reciprocal causation has long been recognized as important by naturalists, ecologists and evolutionary biologists working in the in the MS tradition, although it it could be explored even further. Numerous empirical examples of reciprocal causation in the form of positive and negative feedback are now well known from both natural and laboratory systems. Reciprocal causation have also been explicitly incorporated in mathematical models of coevolutionary arms races, frequency-dependent selection, eco-evolutionary dynamics and sexual selection. Such dynamic feedback were already recognized by Richard Levins and Richard Lewontin in their bok The Dialectical Biologist. Reciprocal causation and dynamic feedback might also be one of the few contributions of dialectical thinking and Marxist philosophy in evolutionary theory. I discuss some promising empirical and analytical tools to study reciprocal causation and the implications for the EES. Finally, I briefly discuss how quantitative genetics can be adapated to studies of reciprocal causation, constructive inheritance and phenotypic plasticity and suggest that the flexibility of this approach might have been underestimated by critics of contemporary evolutionary biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik I Svensson
- Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
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47
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Hoffmann AA. Rapid adaptation of invertebrate pests to climatic stress? CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2017; 21:7-13. [PMID: 28822492 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
There is surprisingly little information on adaptive responses of pests and disease vectors to climatic stresses even though the short generation times and large population sizes associated with pests make rapid adaptation likely. Most evidence of adaptive differentiation has been obtained from geographic comparisons and these can directly or indirectly indicate rates of adaptation where historical data on invasions are available. There is very little information on adaptive shifts in pests detected through molecular comparisons even though the genomes of many pests are now available and can help to identify markers underlying adaptation. While the limited evidence available points to frequent rapid adaptation that can affect pest and disease vector control, constraints to adaptation are also evident and a predictive framework around the likelihood and limits of rapid adaptation is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ary A Hoffmann
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
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48
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Lancaster LT, Dudaniec RY, Hansson B, Svensson EI. Do group dynamics affect colour morph clines during a range shift? J Evol Biol 2017; 30:728-737. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L. T. Lancaster
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences; University of Aberdeen; Aberdeen UK
| | - R. Y. Dudaniec
- Department of Biological Sciences; Macquarie University; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - B. Hansson
- Department of Biology; Lund University; Lund Sweden
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Bybee S, Córdoba-Aguilar A, Duryea MC, Futahashi R, Hansson B, Lorenzo-Carballa MO, Schilder R, Stoks R, Suvorov A, Svensson EI, Swaegers J, Takahashi Y, Watts PC, Wellenreuther M. Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) as a bridge between ecology and evolutionary genomics. Front Zool 2016; 13:46. [PMID: 27766110 PMCID: PMC5057408 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-016-0176-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) present an unparalleled insect model to integrate evolutionary genomics with ecology for the study of insect evolution. Key features of Odonata include their ancient phylogenetic position, extensive phenotypic and ecological diversity, several unique evolutionary innovations, ease of study in the wild and usefulness as bioindicators for freshwater ecosystems worldwide. In this review, we synthesize studies on the evolution, ecology and physiology of odonates, highlighting those areas where the integration of ecology with genomics would yield significant insights into the evolutionary processes that would not be gained easily by working on other animal groups. We argue that the unique features of this group combined with their complex life cycle, flight behaviour, diversity in ecological niches and their sensitivity to anthropogenic change make odonates a promising and fruitful taxon for genomics focused research. Future areas of research that deserve increased attention are also briefly outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth Bybee
- Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84606 USA
| | - Alex Córdoba-Aguilar
- Departmento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo, Postal 70-275, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M. Catherine Duryea
- Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ryo Futahashi
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Central 6, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566 Japan
| | - Bengt Hansson
- Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - M. Olalla Lorenzo-Carballa
- Institute of Integrative Biology, Biosciences Building, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB UK
| | - Ruud Schilder
- Departments of Entomology and Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Robby Stoks
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, Department of Biology, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anton Suvorov
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, LSB 4102, Provo, UT 84602 USA
| | - Erik I. Svensson
- Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Janne Swaegers
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, Department of Biology, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yuma Takahashi
- Division of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578 Japan
| | | | - Maren Wellenreuther
- Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
- Plant and Food Research Limited, Nelson, 7010 New Zealand
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Porcelli D, Westram AM, Pascual M, Gaston KJ, Butlin RK, Snook RR. Gene expression clines reveal local adaptation and associated trade-offs at a continental scale. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32975. [PMID: 27599812 PMCID: PMC5013434 DOI: 10.1038/srep32975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Local adaptation, where fitness in one environment comes at a cost in another, should lead to spatial variation in trade-offs between life history traits and may be critical for population persistence. Recent studies have sought genomic signals of local adaptation, but often have been limited to laboratory populations representing two environmentally different locations of a species’ distribution. We measured gene expression, as a proxy for fitness, in males of Drosophila subobscura, occupying a 20° latitudinal and 11 °C thermal range. Uniquely, we sampled six populations and studied both common garden and semi-natural responses to identify signals of local adaptation. We found contrasting patterns of investment: transcripts with expression positively correlated to latitude were enriched for metabolic processes, expressed across all tissues whereas negatively correlated transcripts were enriched for reproductive processes, expressed primarily in testes. When using only the end populations, to compare our results to previous studies, we found that locally adaptive patterns were obscured. While phenotypic trade-offs between metabolic and reproductive functions across widespread species are well-known, our results identify underlying genetic and tissue responses at a continental scale that may be responsible for this. This may contribute to understanding population persistence under environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiano Porcelli
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Anja M Westram
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Marta Pascual
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia I Estabdistica and IrBio, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, ES
| | - Kevin J Gaston
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Roger K Butlin
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Rhonda R Snook
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
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