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Hernandez M, Suni S. Effects of landscape, resource use, and body size on genetic structure in bee populations. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11358. [PMID: 38742185 PMCID: PMC11089087 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Quantifying genetic structure and levels of genetic variation are fundamentally important to predicting the ability of populations to persist in human-altered landscapes and adapt to future environmental changes. Genetic structure reflects the dispersal of individuals over generations, which can be mediated by species-level traits or environmental factors. Dispersal distances are commonly positively associated with body size and negatively associated with the amount of degraded habitat between sites, motivating the investigation of these potential drivers of dispersal concomitantly. We quantified genetic structure and genetic variability within populations of seven bee species from the genus Euglossa across fragmented landscapes. We genotyped bees at SNP loci and tested the following predictions: (1) deforested areas restrict gene flow; (2) larger species have lower genetic structure; (3) species with greater resource specialization have higher genetic structure; and (4) sites surrounded by more intact habitat have higher genetic diversity. Contrasting with previous work on bees, we found no associations between body size and genetic structure. Genetic structure was higher for species with greater resource specialization, and the amount of intact habitat between or surrounding sites was positively associated with parameters reflecting gene flow and genetic diversity. These results challenge the dominant paradigm that individuals of larger species disperse farther, and they suggest that landscape and resource requirements are important factors mediating dispersal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sevan Suni
- The University of San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
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2
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Morin E, Razafimbelo NT, Yengué JL, Guinard Y, Grandjean F, Bech N. Are human-induced changes good or bad to dynamic landscape connectivity? JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 352:120009. [PMID: 38184871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.120009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Land managers must find a compromise between rapidly changing landscapes and biodiversity conservation through ecological networks. Estimating ecological networks is a key approach to enhance or maintain functional connectivity by identifying the nodes and links of a graph, which represent habitats and their corresponding functional corridors, respectively. To understand the current state of biodiversity, it is necessary to consider dynamic landscape connectivity while relying on relevant land cover maps. Although a current land cover map is relatively easy to produce using existing data, this is challenging for past landscapes. Here we investigated the impact of changes in landscape connectivity in an urban landscape at a fine scale on the habitat availability of two bird species: the tree pipit Anthus trivialis and the short-toed treecreeper Certhia brachydactyla. These species, exhibiting different niche ecologies, have shown contrasting population trends at a medium-term scale. The occurrences of C. brachydactyla were better correlated with resistance values that maximise the use of corridors, whereas the occurrences of A. trivialis better fitted with intermediate resistance values. The statistical approach indirectly highlighted relevant information about the ecology the capacity of both species to use urban habitats. Landscape connectivity increased for both species over the 24-year study period and may have implications for local abundances, which could explain, at the national scale, the increase in populations of C. brachydactyla, but not the decrease in populations of A. trivialis. Thus, more attention must be paid on rural habitats and their associated species that are more impacted by human activities, but efforts could also be achieved in urban areas especially for highly corridor-dependent species. Studying dynamic landscape connectivity at a fine scale is essential for estimating past and future land cover changes and their associated impacts on ecological networks, to better reconcile human and biodiversity concerns in land management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie Morin
- Université de Poitiers, Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions (UMR CNRS 7267), 3 Rue Jacques Fort, 86000, Poitiers, France.
| | - Ny Tolotra Razafimbelo
- Université de Laval, Faculté de Foresterie et Géomatique Département des Sciences Géomatiques, 1055 Avenue Du Séminaire, Québec (Québec), G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Jean-Louis Yengué
- Université de Poitiers, Laboratoire RURALITES, UR13823, MSHS, Bâtiment A5, 5 Rue Théodore Lefèbvre, TSA 21103, 86073, Poitiers, Cedex 9, France
| | - Yvonnick Guinard
- Grand Poitiers Communauté Urbaine, Hôtel Communautaire, 84 Rue des Carmélites, 86000, Poitiers, France
| | - Frédéric Grandjean
- Université de Poitiers, Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions (UMR CNRS 7267), 3 Rue Jacques Fort, 86000, Poitiers, France
| | - Nicolas Bech
- Université de Poitiers, Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions (UMR CNRS 7267), 3 Rue Jacques Fort, 86000, Poitiers, France
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3
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Daniel A, Savary P, Foltête JC, Khimoun A, Faivre B, Ollivier A, Éraud C, Moal H, Vuidel G, Garnier S. Validating graph-based connectivity models with independent presence-absence and genetic data sets. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2023; 37:e14047. [PMID: 36661070 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Habitat connectivity is a key objective of current conservation policies and is commonly modeled by landscape graphs (i.e., sets of habitat patches [nodes] connected by potential dispersal paths [links]). These graphs are often built based on expert opinion or species distribution models (SDMs) and therefore lack empirical validation from data more closely reflecting functional connectivity. Accordingly, we tested whether landscape graphs reflect how habitat connectivity influences gene flow, which is one of the main ecoevolutionary processes. To that purpose, we modeled the habitat network of a forest bird (plumbeous warbler [Setophaga plumbea]) on Guadeloupe with graphs based on expert opinion, Jacobs' specialization indices, and an SDM. We used genetic data (712 birds from 27 populations) to compute local genetic indices and pairwise genetic distances. Finally, we assessed the relationships between genetic distances or indices and cost distances or connectivity metrics with maximum-likelihood population-effects distance models and Spearman correlations between metrics. Overall, the landscape graphs reliably reflected the influence of connectivity on population genetic structure; validation R2 was up to 0.30 and correlation coefficients were up to 0.71. Yet, the relationship among graph ecological relevance, data requirements, and construction and analysis methods was not straightforward because the graph based on the most complex construction method (species distribution modeling) sometimes had less ecological relevance than the others. Cross-validation methods and sensitivity analyzes allowed us to make the advantages and limitations of each construction method spatially explicit. We confirmed the relevance of landscape graphs for conservation modeling but recommend a case-specific consideration of the cost-effectiveness of their construction methods. We hope the replication of independent validation approaches across species and landscapes will strengthen the ecological relevance of connectivity models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandrine Daniel
- Biogéosciences, UMR 6282 CNRS, Université Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Paul Savary
- Biogéosciences, UMR 6282 CNRS, Université Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- ThéMA, UMR 6049 CNRS, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
- ARP-Astrance, Paris, France
| | | | - Aurélie Khimoun
- Biogéosciences, UMR 6282 CNRS, Université Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Bruno Faivre
- Biogéosciences, UMR 6282 CNRS, Université Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Anthony Ollivier
- Biogéosciences, UMR 6282 CNRS, Université Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Cyril Éraud
- Office Français de la Biodiversité, Chizé, France
| | | | - Gilles Vuidel
- ThéMA, UMR 6049 CNRS, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Stéphane Garnier
- Biogéosciences, UMR 6282 CNRS, Université Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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4
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Hyseni C, Heino J, Bini LM, Bjelke U, Johansson F. The importance of blue and green landscape connectivity for biodiversity in urban ponds. Basic Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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5
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Pembury Smith MQR, Ruxton GD. How fast is a snail’s pace? The influences of size and substrate on gastropod speed of locomotion. J Zool (1987) 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - G. D. Ruxton
- School of Biology University of St Andrews St Andrews UK
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6
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Abstract
The conservation field is experiencing a rapid increase in the amount, variety, and quality of spatial data that can help us understand species movement and landscape connectivity patterns. As interest grows in more dynamic representations of movement potential, modelers are often limited by the capacity of their analytic tools to handle these datasets. Technology developments in software and high-performance computing are rapidly emerging in many fields, but uptake within conservation may lag, as our tools or our choice of computing language can constrain our ability to keep pace. We recently updated Circuitscape, a widely used connectivity analysis tool developed by Brad McRae and Viral Shah, by implementing it in Julia, a high-performance computing language. In this initial re-code (Circuitscape 5.0) and later updates, we improved computational efficiency and parallelism, achieving major speed improvements, and enabling assessments across larger extents or with higher resolution data. Here, we reflect on the benefits to conservation of strengthening collaborations with computer scientists, and extract examples from a collection of 572 Circuitscape applications to illustrate how through a decade of repeated investment in the software, applications have been many, varied, and increasingly dynamic. Beyond empowering continued innovations in dynamic connectivity, we expect that faster run times will play an important role in facilitating co-production of connectivity assessments with stakeholders, increasing the likelihood that connectivity science will be incorporated in land use decisions.
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8
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Balbi M, Croci S, Petit EJ, Butet A, Georges R, Madec L, Caudal J, Ernoult A. Least‐cost path analysis for urban greenways planning: A test with moths and birds across two habitats and two cities. J Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manon Balbi
- UMR CNRS ECOBIO Université de Rennes 1 Rennes France
| | - Solène Croci
- CNRSUniversité Rennes 2UMR 6554 LETG Rennes France
| | - Eric J. Petit
- ESE, Ecology and Ecosystem Health Agrocampus OuestINRAE Rennes France
| | - Alain Butet
- UMR CNRS ECOBIO Université de Rennes 1 Rennes France
| | | | - Luc Madec
- UMR CNRS ECOBIO Université de Rennes 1 Rennes France
| | | | - Aude Ernoult
- UMR CNRS ECOBIO Université de Rennes 1 Rennes France
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9
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Reed EMX, Serr ME, Maurer AS, Burford Reiskind MO. Gridlock and beltways: the genetic context of urban invasions. Oecologia 2020; 192:615-628. [PMID: 32056021 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-020-04614-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The rapid expansion of urban land across the globe presents new and numerous opportunities for invasive species to spread and flourish. Ecologists historically rejected urban ecosystems as important environments for ecology and evolution research but are beginning to recognize the importance of these systems in shaping the biology of invasion. Urbanization can aid the introduction, establishment, and spread of invaders, and these processes have substantial consequences on native species and ecosystems. Therefore, it is valuable to understand how urban areas influence populations at all stages in the invasion process. Population genetic tools are essential to explore the driving forces of invasive species dispersal, connectivity, and adaptation within cities. In this review, we synthesize current research about the influence of urban landscapes on invasion genetics dynamics. We conclude that urban areas are not only points of entry for many invasive species, they also facilitate population establishment, are pools for genetic diversity, and provide corridors for further spread both within and out of cities. We recommend the continued use of genetic studies to inform invasive species management and to understand the underlying ecological and evolutionary processes governing successful invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M X Reed
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
| | - M E Serr
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - A S Maurer
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - M O Burford Reiskind
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
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10
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Ziege M, Theodorou P, Jüngling H, Merker S, Plath M, Streit B, Lerp H. Population genetics of the European rabbit along a rural-to-urban gradient. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2448. [PMID: 32051442 PMCID: PMC7015939 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57962-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) is declining in large parts of Europe but populations in some German cities remained so far unaffected by this decline. The question arises of how urbanization affects patterns of population genetic variation and differentiation in German rabbit populations, as urban habitat fragmentation may result in altered meta-population dynamics. To address this question, we used microsatellite markers to genotype rabbit populations occurring along a rural-to-urban gradient in and around the city of Frankfurt, Germany. We found no effect of urbanization on allelic richness. However, the observed heterozygosity was significantly higher in urban than rural populations and also the inbreeding coefficients were lower, most likely reflecting the small population sizes and possibly on-going loss of genetic diversity in structurally impoverished rural areas. Global FST and G'ST-values suggest moderate but significant differentiation between populations. Multiple matrix regression with randomization ascribed this differentiation to isolation-by-environment rather than isolation-by-distance. Analyses of migration rates revealed asymmetrical gene flow, which was higher from rural into urban populations than vice versa and may again reflect intensified agricultural land-use practices in rural areas. We discuss that populations inhabiting urban areas will likely play an important role in the future distribution of European rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madlen Ziege
- University of Potsdam, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Am Mühlenberg 3, D-14476, Potsdam, Golm, Germany.
- University of Frankfurt, Department of Ecology & Evolution, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, D-60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Panagiotis Theodorou
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Biology, General Zoology, Hoher Weg 8, D-06120, Halle, Saale, Germany
| | - Hannah Jüngling
- Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Clamecystraße 12, D-63571, Gelnhausen, Germany
| | - Stefan Merker
- State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, Department of Zoology, Rosenstein 1, D-70191, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Martin Plath
- Northwest A&F University, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Bruno Streit
- University of Frankfurt, Department of Ecology & Evolution, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, D-60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hannes Lerp
- Museum Wiesbaden, Natural History Collections, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 2, D-65185, Wiesbaden, Germany
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11
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Kozakiewicz CP, Burridge CP, Funk WC, Salerno PE, Trumbo DR, Gagne RB, Boydston EE, Fisher RN, Lyren LM, Jennings MK, Riley SPD, Serieys LEK, VandeWoude S, Crooks KR, Carver S. Urbanization reduces genetic connectivity in bobcats (Lynx rufus) at both intra- and interpopulation spatial scales. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:5068-5085. [PMID: 31613411 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Urbanization is a major factor driving habitat fragmentation and connectivity loss in wildlife. However, the impacts of urbanization on connectivity can vary among species and even populations due to differences in local landscape characteristics, and our ability to detect these relationships may depend on the spatial scale at which they are measured. Bobcats (Lynx rufus) are relatively sensitive to urbanization and the status of bobcat populations is an important indicator of connectivity in urban coastal southern California. We genotyped 271 bobcats at 13,520 SNP loci to conduct a replicated landscape resistance analysis in five genetically distinct populations. We tested urban and natural factors potentially influencing individual connectivity in each population separately, as well as study-wide. Overall, landscape genomic effects were most frequently detected at the study-wide spatial scale, with urban land cover (measured as impervious surface) having negative effects and topographic roughness having positive effects on gene flow. The negative effect of urban land cover on connectivity was also evident when populations were analyzed separately despite varying substantially in spatial area and the proportion of urban development, confirming a pervasive impact of urbanization largely independent of spatial scale. The effect of urban development was strongest in one population where stream habitat had been lost to development, suggesting that riparian corridors may help mitigate reduced connectivity in urbanizing areas. Our results demonstrate the importance of replicating landscape genetic analyses across populations and considering how landscape genetic effects may vary with spatial scale and local landscape structure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - W Chris Funk
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.,Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | - Daryl R Trumbo
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Roderick B Gagne
- Wildlife Genomics and Disease Ecology Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Erin E Boydston
- Western Ecological Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Robert N Fisher
- Western Ecological Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Lisa M Lyren
- Western Ecological Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Megan K Jennings
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Seth P D Riley
- National Park Service, Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Laurel E K Serieys
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.,Institute for Communities and Wildlife in Africa, Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sue VandeWoude
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Kevin R Crooks
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.,Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Scott Carver
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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12
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Vong A, Ansart A, Dahirel M. Dispersers are more likely to follow mucus trails in the land snail Cornu aspersum. Naturwissenschaften 2019; 106:43. [DOI: 10.1007/s00114-019-1642-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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13
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Kobayashi T, Sota T. Contrasting effects of habitat discontinuity on three closely related fungivorous beetle species with diverging host-use patterns and dispersal ability. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:2475-2486. [PMID: 30891194 PMCID: PMC6405892 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how landscape structure influences biodiversity patterns and ecological processes are essential in ecological research and conservation practices. Forest discontinuity is a primary driver affecting the population persistence and genetic structure of forest-dwelling species. However, the actual impacts on populations are highly species-specific. In this study, we tested whether dispersal capability and host specialization are associated with susceptibility to forest discontinuity using three closely related, sympatric fungivorous ciid beetle species (two host specialists, Octotemnus assimilis and O. crassus; one host generalist, O. kawanabei). Landscape genetic analyses and the estimation of effective migration surfaces (EEMS) method consistently demonstrated contrasting differences in the relationships between genetic structure and configuration of forest land cover. Octotemnus assimilis, one of the specialists with a presumably higher dispersal capability due to lower wing loading, lacked a definite spatial genetic structure in our study landscape. The remaining two species showed clear spatial genetic structure, but the results of landscape genetic analyses differed between the two species: while landscape resistance appeared to describe the spatial genetic structure of the specialist O. crassus, genetic differentiation of the generalist O. kawanabei was explained by geographic distance alone. This finding is consistent with the prediction that nonforest areas act more strongly as barriers between specialist populations. Our results suggest that differences in host range can influence the species-specific resistance to habitat discontinuity among closely related species inhabiting the same landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kobayashi
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of ScienceKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Teiji Sota
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of ScienceKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
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14
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DiLeo MF, Husby A, Saastamoinen M. Landscape permeability and individual variation in a dispersal-linked gene jointly determine genetic structure in the Glanville fritillary butterfly. Evol Lett 2018; 2:544-556. [PMID: 30564438 PMCID: PMC6292703 DOI: 10.1002/evl3.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is now clear evidence that species across a broad range of taxa harbor extensive heritable variation in dispersal. While studies suggest that this variation can facilitate demographic outcomes such as range expansion and invasions, few have considered the consequences of intraspecific variation in dispersal for the maintenance and distribution of genetic variation across fragmented landscapes. Here, we examine how landscape characteristics and individual variation in dispersal combine to predict genetic structure using genomic and spatial data from the Glanville fritillary butterfly. We used linear and latent factor mixed models to identify the landscape features that best predict spatial sorting of alleles in the dispersal-related gene phosphoglucose isomerase (Pgi). We next used structural equation modeling to test if variation in Pgi mediated gene flow as measured by Fst at putatively neutral loci. In a year when the population was recovering following a large decline, individuals with a genotype associated with greater dispersal ability were found at significantly higher frequencies in populations isolated by water and forest, and these populations showed lower levels of genetic differentiation at neutral loci. These relationships disappeared in the next year when metapopulation density was high, suggesting that the effects of individual variation are context dependent. Together our results highlight that (1) more complex aspects of landscape structure beyond just the configuration of habitat can be important for maintaining spatial variation in dispersal traits and (2) that individual variation in dispersal plays a key role in maintaining genetic variation across fragmented landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle F. DiLeo
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research ProgrammeUniversity of HelsinkiPO Box 6500014Finland
| | - Arild Husby
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research ProgrammeUniversity of HelsinkiPO Box 6500014Finland
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, EBCUppsala UniversityNorbyvägen 18D75236UppsalaSweden
| | - Marjo Saastamoinen
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research ProgrammeUniversity of HelsinkiPO Box 6500014Finland
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15
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Bergey EA. Dispersal of a non-native land snail across a residential area is modified by yard management and movement barriers. Urban Ecosyst 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11252-018-0815-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Beninde J, Feldmeier S, Veith M, Hochkirch A. Admixture of hybrid swarms of native and introduced lizards in cities is determined by the cityscape structure and invasion history. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 285:rspb.2018.0143. [PMID: 30051861 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introductions of non-native lineages increase opportunities for hybridization. Non-native lineages of the common wall lizard, Podarcis muralis, are frequently introduced in cities where they hybridize with native populations. We aimed at unravelling the invasion history and admixture of native and non-native wall lizards in four German cities using citywide, comprehensive sampling. We barcoded and genotyped 826 lizards and tested if gene flow in populations composed of admixed native and introduced lineages is facilitated by similar environmental factors to those in native populations by comparing fine-scale landscape genetic patterns. In cities with non-native lineages, lizards commonly occurred in numerous clusters of hybrid swarms, which showed variable lineage composition, consisting of up to four distinct evolutionary lineages. Hybrid swarms held vast genetic diversity and showed recent admixture with other hybrid swarms. Landscape genetic analyses showed differential effects of cityscape structures across cities, but identified water bodies as strong barriers to gene flow in both native and admixed populations. By contrast, railway tracks facilitated gene flow of admixed populations only. Our study shows that cities represent unique settings for hybridization, caused by multiple introductions of non-native taxa. Cityscape structure and invasion histories of cities will determine future evolutionary pathways at these novel hybrid zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joscha Beninde
- Department of Biogeography, Trier University, 54286 Trier, Germany
| | | | - Michael Veith
- Department of Biogeography, Trier University, 54286 Trier, Germany
| | - Axel Hochkirch
- Department of Biogeography, Trier University, 54286 Trier, Germany
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