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Gastineau R, Dąbek P, Mianowicz K, Stoyanova V, Krawcewicz A, Abramowski T. Complete mitochondrial genome of the abyssal coral Abyssoprimnoagemina Cairns, 2015 (Octocorallia, Primnoidae) from the Clarion-Clipperton Zone, Pacific Ocean. Zookeys 2023; 1183:81-98. [PMID: 37953748 PMCID: PMC10632777 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1183.109000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ) in the tropical East Pacific is a region of interest for deep-sea mining due to its underwater deposits of polymetallic nodules containing economically important metals such as nickel, copper, and cobalt. It is also a region of extensive baseline studies aiming to describe the state of the environment, including the biodiversity of the benthic fauna. An abundant component of the abyssal plain ecosystem consists of sessile fauna which encrusts polymetallic nodules and are vulnerable to potential impacts arising from exploitation activities, particularly removal of substrate. Therefore, this fauna is often considered to have key species whose genetic connectivity should be studied to assess their ecological resilience. One such species is Abyssoprimnoagemina Cairns, 2015, a deep-sea coral from the CCZ whose presence in the Interoceanmetal Joint Organization (IOM) claim area has been confirmed during samplings. In this study, we used next-generation sequencing (NGS) to obtain the 18S nuclear rRNA gene and the complete mitochondrial genome of A.gemina from IOM exploration area. The mitogenome is 18,825 bp long and encodes for 14 protein coding genes, 2 rRNAs, and a single tRNA. The two phylogeny reconstructions derived from these data confirm previous studies and display A.gemina within a highly supported cluster of seven species whose mitogenomes are all colinear and of comparable size. This study also demonstrates the suitability of NGS for DNA barcoding of the benthic megafauna of the CCZ, which could become part of the IOM protocol for the assessment of population diversity and genetic connectivity in its claim area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Gastineau
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Szczecin, ul. Mickiewicza 16a, Szczecin, 70-383, PolandUniversity of SzczecinSzczecinPoland
| | - Przemysław Dąbek
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Szczecin, ul. Mickiewicza 16a, Szczecin, 70-383, PolandUniversity of SzczecinSzczecinPoland
| | - Kamila Mianowicz
- Interoceanmetal Joint Organization, ul. Cyryla i Metodego 9-9A, Szczecin, 71-541, PolandInteroceanmetal Joint OrganizationSzczecinPoland
| | - Valcana Stoyanova
- Interoceanmetal Joint Organization, ul. Cyryla i Metodego 9-9A, Szczecin, 71-541, PolandInteroceanmetal Joint OrganizationSzczecinPoland
| | - Artur Krawcewicz
- Interoceanmetal Joint Organization, ul. Cyryla i Metodego 9-9A, Szczecin, 71-541, PolandInteroceanmetal Joint OrganizationSzczecinPoland
| | - Tomasz Abramowski
- Interoceanmetal Joint Organization, ul. Cyryla i Metodego 9-9A, Szczecin, 71-541, PolandInteroceanmetal Joint OrganizationSzczecinPoland
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Hernández-Lozano MY, Cruz-Barraza JA, Rocha-Olivares A. Isolation and characterization of novel microsatellite loci for the Eastern Pacific marine sponge Mycale cecilia by Illumina MiSeq sequencing. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:5489-5493. [PMID: 37031324 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08320-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycale cecilia is an abundant Eastern Tropical Pacific sponge living in a wide variety of habitats, including coral reefs where it may directly interact with corals. It is also known to possess secondary metabolites of pharmacological value. These aspects highlight the importance of having a better understanding of its biology, and genetic and population diversity. METHODS AND RESULTS In the present study, we isolated and characterized twelve novel microsatellite loci by Illumina MiSeq sequencing. The loci were tested in 30 specimens collected from two coral reef localities (La Paz, Baja California Sur and Isabel Island, Nayarit) from the Mexican Pacific using M13(-21) labeling. All loci were polymorphic, with two to nine alleles per locus. Expected heterozygosities varied from 0.616 to 0.901. Eleven loci were tested and successfully amplified in M. microsigmatosa from the Gulf of Mexico. CONCLUSION Here we report the first microsatellite loci developed for a sponge species from the Eastern Pacific coast. These molecular markers will be used for population genetic studies of M. cecilia, and potentially in other congeneric species; particularly in vulnerable marine areas that require protection, such as coral reefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misha Yazmín Hernández-Lozano
- Posgrado en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, UNAM, Mazatlán, México
- Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Unidad Académica de Mazatlán, Av. Joel Montes Camarena s/n, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, 82000, CP, México
| | - José Antonio Cruz-Barraza
- Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Unidad Académica de Mazatlán, Av. Joel Montes Camarena s/n, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, 82000, CP, México.
| | - Axayácatl Rocha-Olivares
- Departamento de Oceanografía Biológica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Ensenada, Baja California, México
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3
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Maas DL, Prost S, de Leeuw CA, Bi K, Smith LL, Purwanto P, Aji LP, Tapilatu RF, Gillespie RG, Becking LE. Sponge diversification in marine lakes: Implications for phylogeography and population genomic studies on sponges. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e9945. [PMID: 37066063 PMCID: PMC10099488 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The relative influence of geography, currents, and environment on gene flow within sessile marine species remains an open question. Detecting subtle genetic differentiation at small scales is challenging in benthic populations due to large effective population sizes, general lack of resolution in genetic markers, and because barriers to dispersal often remain elusive. Marine lakes can circumvent confounding factors by providing discrete and replicated ecosystems. Using high-resolution double digest restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing (4826 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms, SNPs), we genotyped populations of the sponge Suberites diversicolor (n = 125) to test the relative importance of spatial scales (1-1400 km), local environmental conditions, and permeability of seascape barriers in shaping population genomic structure. With the SNP dataset, we show strong intralineage population structure, even at scales <10 km (average F ST = 0.63), which was not detected previously using single markers. Most variation was explained by differentiation between populations (AMOVA: 48.8%) with signatures of population size declines and bottlenecks per lake. Although the populations were strongly structured, we did not detect significant effects of geographic distance, local environments, or degree of connection to the sea on population structure, suggesting mechanisms such as founder events with subsequent priority effects may be at play. We show that the inclusion of morphologically cryptic lineages that can be detected with the COI marker can reduce the obtained SNP set by around 90%. Future work on sponge genomics should confirm that only one lineage is included. Our results call for a reassessment of poorly dispersing benthic organisms that were previously assumed to be highly connected based on low-resolution markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diede L. Maas
- Marine Animal EcologyWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Stefan Prost
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity GenomicsSenckenberg Natural History MuseumFrankfurt am MainGermany
- South African National Biodiversity InstituteNational Zoological Gardens of South AfricaPretoriaSouth Africa
| | | | - Ke Bi
- Museum of Vertebrate ZoologyUniversity of California BerkeleyBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
- Computational Genomics Resource Laboratory, California Institute for Quantitative BiosciencesUniversity of California BerkeleyBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Lydia L. Smith
- Museum of Vertebrate ZoologyUniversity of California BerkeleyBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Ludi P. Aji
- Marine Animal EcologyWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
- Research Centre for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of SciencesLembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan IndonesiaJakartaIndonesia
| | - Ricardo F. Tapilatu
- Marine Science and Fisheries Departments and Research Center of Pacific Marine ResourcesState University of PapuaManokwariIndonesia
| | - Rosemary G. Gillespie
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and ManagementUniversity of California BerkeleyBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Leontine E. Becking
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and ManagementUniversity of California BerkeleyBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
- Aquaculture and Fisheries, Naturalis Biodiversity CenterWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
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4
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Stewart ECD, Bribiesca‐Contreras G, Taboada S, Wiklund H, Ravara A, Pape E, De Smet B, Neal L, Cunha MR, Jones DOB, Smith CR, Glover AG, Dahlgren TG. Biodiversity, biogeography, and connectivity of polychaetes in the world's largest marine minerals exploration frontier. DIVERS DISTRIB 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
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Leiva C, Riesgo A, Combosch D, Arias MB, Giribet G, Downey R, Kenny NJ, Taboada S. Guiding marine protected area network design with comparative phylogeography and population genomics: An exemplary case from the Southern Ocean. DIVERS DISTRIB 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Leiva
- Marine Laboratory University of Guam Mangilao Guam USA
- Life Sciences Department The Natural History Museum London UK
| | - Ana Riesgo
- Life Sciences Department The Natural History Museum London UK
- Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology National Museum of Natural Sciences (CSIC) Madrid Spain
| | - David Combosch
- Marine Laboratory University of Guam Mangilao Guam USA
- Museum of Comparative Zoology and Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - María Belén Arias
- Life Sciences Department The Natural History Museum London UK
- School of Life Sciences University of Essex Colchester Campus UK
| | - Gonzalo Giribet
- Museum of Comparative Zoology and Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Rachel Downey
- Fenner School of Environment and Society Australian National University Acton Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | - Nathan James Kenny
- Life Sciences Department The Natural History Museum London UK
- Department of Biochemistry University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand
| | - Sergi Taboada
- Life Sciences Department The Natural History Museum London UK
- Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Apdo. 20 Universidad de Alcalá Alcalá de Henares Spain
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6
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Kaiser S, Kihara TC, Brix S, Mohrbeck I, Janssen A, Jennings RM. Species boundaries and phylogeographic patterns in new species of Nannoniscus (Janiroidea: Nannoniscidae) from the equatorial Pacific nodule province inferred from mtDNA and morphology. Zool J Linn Soc 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Spatial patterns of genetic variation (based on COI and 16S mtDNA) for morphologically similar species in the isopod genus Nannoniscus G.O. Sars. 1870 were examined that occur broadly across the Clarion Clipperton Fracture Zone (CCZ). Samples were obtained from five different licence areas as well as an Area of Particular Environmental Interest (APEI-6) with sites located at various distances (a few to several hundred kilometres) from one another. Applying three different species delimitation (SD) methods (sGMYC, mPTP and ABGD) of the molecular data, we could distinguish between four and 12 different molecular taxonomic operational units (MOTUs). Morphological analyses could confirm five distinct phenotypic clades that represent species new to science and are described here: Nannoniscus brenkei sp. nov., Nannoniscus hilario sp. nov., Nannoniscus magdae sp. nov., Nannoniscus menoti sp. nov. and Nannoniscus pedro sp. nov. Despite the assumed limited dispersal capacity of Nannoniscus species, we found haplotypes of two species to be geographically widespread (up to > 1400 km apart), as opposed to several divergent clades occurring in close vicinity or even sympatry. Geographic distance appeared to explain the phylogeographic structure of Nannoniscus species to some extent, although oceanographic features and level of environmental heterogeneity were probably equally important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Kaiser
- German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research (DZMB), Senckenberg am Meer, c/o Center of Natural History (CeNak), Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz, Hamburg, Germany
- CeNak, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Terue Cristina Kihara
- German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research (DZMB), Senckenberg am Meer, Südstrand, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
- INES Integrated Environmental Solutions UG, Südstrand, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Saskia Brix
- German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research (DZMB), Senckenberg am Meer, c/o Center of Natural History (CeNak), Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Inga Mohrbeck
- German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research (DZMB), Senckenberg am Meer, Südstrand, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Annika Janssen
- German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research (DZMB), Senckenberg am Meer, Südstrand, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
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7
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Díez‐Vives C, Taboada S, Leiva C, Busch K, Hentschel U, Riesgo A. On the way to specificity - Microbiome reflects sponge genetic cluster primarily in highly structured populations. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:4412-4427. [PMID: 32931063 PMCID: PMC7756592 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Most animals, including sponges (Porifera), have species-specific microbiomes. Which genetic or environmental factors play major roles structuring the microbial community at the intraspecific level in sponges is, however, largely unknown. In this study, we tested whether geographic location or genetic structure of conspecific sponges influences their microbial assembly. For that, we used three sponge species with different rates of gene flow, and collected samples along their entire distribution range (two from the Mediterranean and one from the Southern Ocean) yielding a total of 393 samples. These three sponge species have been previously analysed by microsatellites or single nucleotide polymorphisms, and here we investigate their microbiomes by amplicon sequencing of the microbial 16S rRNA gene. The sponge Petrosia ficiformis, with highly isolated populations (low gene flow), showed a stronger influence of the host genetic distance on the microbial composition than the spatial distance. Host-specificity was therefore detected at the genotypic level, with individuals belonging to the same host genetic cluster harbouring more similar microbiomes than distant ones. On the contrary, the microbiome of Ircinia fasciculata and Dendrilla antarctica - both with weak population structure (high gene flow) - seemed influenced by location rather than by host genetic distance. Our results suggest that in sponge species with high population structure, the host genetic cluster influence the microbial community more than the geographic location.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergi Taboada
- Departamento de Ciencias de la VidaEU‐US Marine Biodiversity GroupUniversidad de AlcaláAlcalá de HenaresSpain
- Departamento de Biología (Zoología)Universidad Autónoma de MadridFacultad de CienciasMadridSpain
| | - Carlos Leiva
- Department of Life SciencesThe Natural History MuseumLondonUK
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and StatisticsFaculty of BiologyUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Kathrin Busch
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research KielResearch Unit Marine SymbiosesKielGermany
| | - Ute Hentschel
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research KielResearch Unit Marine SymbiosesKielGermany
| | - Ana Riesgo
- Department of Life SciencesThe Natural History MuseumLondonUK
- Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary BiologyMuseo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales de Madrid (CSIC)MadridSpain
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8
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Griffiths SM, Butler MJ, Behringer DC, Pérez T, Preziosi RF. Oceanographic features and limited dispersal shape the population genetic structure of the vase sponge Ircinia campana in the Greater Caribbean. Heredity (Edinb) 2020; 126:63-76. [PMID: 32699391 PMCID: PMC7852562 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-020-0344-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding population genetic structure can help us to infer dispersal patterns, predict population resilience and design effective management strategies. For sessile species with limited dispersal, this is especially pertinent because genetic diversity and connectivity are key aspects of their resilience to environmental stressors. Here, we describe the population structure of Ircinia campana, a common Caribbean sponge subject to mass mortalities and disease. Microsatellites were used to genotype 440 individuals from 19 sites throughout the Greater Caribbean. We found strong genetic structure across the region, and significant isolation by distance across the Lesser Antilles, highlighting the influence of limited larval dispersal. We also observed spatial genetic structure patterns congruent with oceanography. This includes evidence of connectivity between sponges in the Florida Keys and the southeast coast of the United States (>700 km away) where the oceanographic environment is dominated by the strong Florida Current. Conversely, the population in southern Belize was strongly differentiated from all other sites, consistent with the presence of dispersal-limiting oceanographic features, including the Gulf of Honduras gyre. At smaller spatial scales (<100 km), sites showed heterogeneous patterns of low-level but significant genetic differentiation (chaotic genetic patchiness), indicative of temporal variability in recruitment or local selective pressures. Genetic diversity was similar across sites, but there was evidence of a genetic bottleneck at one site in Florida where past mass mortalities have occurred. These findings underscore the relationship between regional oceanography and weak larval dispersal in explaining population genetic patterns, and could inform conservation management of the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Griffiths
- Ecology and Environment Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.
| | - Mark J Butler
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environment, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | - Donald C Behringer
- Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Thierry Pérez
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie Marine et Continentale, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Richard F Preziosi
- Ecology and Environment Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
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9
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Riehl T, De Smet B. Macrostylis metallicola spec. nov.-an isopod with geographically clustered genetic variability from a polymetallic-nodule area in the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8621. [PMID: 32149025 PMCID: PMC7049464 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone (CCFZ) in the Northeast Central Pacific Ocean is a region of heightened scientific and public interest because of its wealth in manganese nodules. Due to a poor ecological understanding at the abyssal seafloor and limited knowledge of the organisms inhabiting this area, huge efforts in alpha taxonomy are required. To predict and manage potential hazards associated with future mining, taxonomy is an essential first step to grasp fundamental ecosystem traits, such as biogeographic patterns, connectivity, and the potential for post-impact recolonization. Amongst samples from the Global Sea Mineral Resources NV exploration area (EA) in the CCFZ an undescribed species of the isopod crustacean family Macrostylidae was discovered. Previously, it has been reported from two other nearby regions, the Institut Français de Recherche pour l’Exploitation de la Mer and BGR EAs. There it was one of the more widely distributed and abundant species of the benthic macrofauna and exhibited geographically structured populations. It nevertheless remained taxonomically undescribed so far. Methods The new species is described by means of integrative taxonomy. Morphologically, macro photography, confocal microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy were used to describe the species and to get first insights on its phylogenetic origin. Additionally, mitochondrial DNA markers were used to test the morphological allocation of the two dimorphic sexes and juvenile stages, to analyze geographic patterns of genetic differentiation, and to study intra-and inter-species relationships, also in light of previously published population genetics on this species. Results The new species, Macrostylis metallicola spec. nov., is a typical representative of Macrostylidae as recognizable from the fossosoma, prognathous cephalothorax, and styliform uropods. It can be morphologically distinguished from congeners by a combination of character states which include the autapomorphic shape of the first pleopod of the copulatory male. A sexual dimorphism, as expressed by a peculiar sequence of article length-width ratios of the male antennula, indicates a relationship with M. marionaeKniesz, Brandt & Riehl (2018) and M. longipesHansen (1916) amongst other species sharing this dimorphism. Mitochondrial genetic markers point in a similar direction. M. metallicola appears to be amongst the more common and widely distributed components of the benthic macrofauna in this region which may suggest a resilience of this species to future mining activities because of its apparent potential for recolonization of impacted sites from adjacent areas of particular environmental interest. The genetic data, however, show geographic clustering of its genetic variability, pointing towards a limited potential for dispersal. Local extinction of populations could potentially not be compensated quickly and would mean a loss of genetic diversity of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torben Riehl
- Department of Marine Zoology, Section Crustacea, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Centre for Natural History, Zoological Museum, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bart De Smet
- Department of Biology, Marine Biology Research Group, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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10
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Kersten O, Vetter EW, Jungbluth MJ, Smith CR, Goetze E. Larval assemblages over the abyssal plain in the Pacific are highly diverse and spatially patchy. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7691. [PMID: 31579593 PMCID: PMC6766376 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abyssal plains are among the most biodiverse yet least explored marine ecosystems on our planet, and they are increasingly threatened by human impacts, including future deep seafloor mining. Recovery of abyssal populations from the impacts of polymetallic nodule mining will be partially determined by the availability and dispersal of pelagic larvae leading to benthic recolonization of disturbed areas of the seafloor. Here we use a tree-of-life (TOL) metabarcoding approach to investigate the species richness, diversity, and spatial variability of the larval assemblage at mesoscales across the abyssal seafloor in two mining-claim areas in the eastern Clarion Clipperton Fracture Zone (CCZ; abyssal Pacific). Our approach revealed a previously unknown taxonomic richness within the meroplankton assemblage, detecting larvae from 12 phyla, 23 Classes, 46 Orders, and 65 Families, including a number of taxa not previously reported at abyssal depths or within the Pacific Ocean. A novel suite of parasitic copepods and worms were sampled, from families that are known to associate with other benthic invertebrates or demersal fishes as hosts. Larval assemblages were patchily distributed at the mesoscale, with little similarity in OTUs detected among deployments even within the same 30 × 30 km study area. Our results provide baseline observations on larval diversity prior to polymetallic nodule mining in this region, and emphasize our overwhelming lack of knowledge regarding larvae of the benthic boundary layer in abyssal plain ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Kersten
- Hawaii Pacific University, Kaneohe, HI, United States of America
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eric W. Vetter
- Hawaii Pacific University, Kaneohe, HI, United States of America
| | - Michelle J. Jungbluth
- Hawaii Pacific University, Kaneohe, HI, United States of America
- Department of Oceanography, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States of America
| | - Craig R. Smith
- Department of Oceanography, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States of America
| | - Erica Goetze
- Department of Oceanography, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States of America
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11
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Glover AG, Wiklund H, Chen C, Dahlgren TG. Managing a sustainable deep-sea 'blue economy' requires knowledge of what actually lives there. eLife 2018; 7:41319. [PMID: 30479272 PMCID: PMC6257809 DOI: 10.7554/elife.41319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ensuring that the wealth of resources contained in our oceans are managed and developed in a sustainable manner is a priority for the emerging 'blue economy'. However, modern ecosystem-based management approaches do not translate well to regions where we know almost nothing about the individual species found in the ecosystem. Here, we propose a new taxon-focused approach to deep-sea conservation that includes regulatory oversight to set targets for the delivery of taxonomic data. For example, a five-year plan to deliver taxonomic and genomic knowledge on a thousand species in regions of the ocean earmarked for industrial activity is an achievable target. High-throughput, integrative taxonomy can, therefore, provide the data that is needed to monitor various ecosystem services (such as the natural history, connectivity, value and function of species) and to help break the regulatory deadlock of high-seas conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian G Glover
- Life Sciences Department, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
| | - Helena Wiklund
- Life Sciences Department, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chong Chen
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Thomas G Dahlgren
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Gothenburg Global Diversity Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden.,NORCE, Bergen, Norway
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