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Cirtwill AR, Kaartinen R, Rasmussen C, Redr D, Wirta H, Olesen JM, Tiusanen M, Ballantyne G, Cunnold H, Stone GN, Schmidt NM, Roslin T. Stable pollination service in a generalist high Arctic community despite the warming climate. ECOL MONOGR 2023; 93:e1551. [PMID: 37035419 PMCID: PMC10078371 DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Insects provide key pollination services in most terrestrial biomes, but this service depends on a multistep interaction between insect and plant. An insect needs to visit a flower, receive pollen from the anthers, move to another conspecific flower, and finally deposit the pollen on a receptive stigma. Each of these steps may be affected by climate change, and focusing on only one of them (e.g., flower visitation) may miss important signals of change in service provision. In this study, we combine data on visitation, pollen transport, and single-visit pollen deposition to estimate functional outcomes in the high Arctic plant-pollinator network of Zackenberg, Northeast Greenland, a model system for global warming-associated impacts in pollination services. Over two decades of rapid climate warming, we sampled the network repeatedly: in 1996, 1997, 2010, 2011, and 2016. Although the flowering plant and insect communities and their interactions varied substantially between years, as expected based on highly variable Arctic weather, there was no detectable directional change in either the structure of flower-visitor networks or estimated pollen deposition. For flower-visitor networks compiled over a single week, species phenologies caused major within-year variation in network structure despite consistency across years. Weekly networks for the middle of the flowering season emerged as especially important because most pollination service can be expected to be provided by these large, highly nested networks. Our findings suggest that pollination ecosystem service in the high Arctic is remarkably resilient. This resilience may reflect the plasticity of Arctic biota as an adaptation to extreme and unpredictable weather. However, most pollination service was contributed by relatively few fly taxa (Diptera: Spilogona sanctipauli and Drymeia segnis [Muscidae] and species of Rhamphomyia [Empididae]). If these key pollinators are negatively affected by climate change, network structure and the pollination service that depends on it would be seriously compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa R. Cirtwill
- Spatial Foodweb Ecology Group, Research Centre for Ecological Change, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Riikka Kaartinen
- Spatial Foodweb Ecology Group, Research Centre for Ecological Change, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Institute of Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | | | - Deanne Redr
- Department of EcologySwedish Agricultural UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Helena Wirta
- Spatial Foodweb Ecology Group, Research Centre for Ecological Change, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Jens M. Olesen
- Section Genetics, Ecology & Evolutionary Biology (GEE), Department of BiologyAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Mikko Tiusanen
- Spatial Foodweb Ecology Group, Research Centre for Ecological Change, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Present address:
Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental StudiesUniversity of ZurichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Gavin Ballantyne
- School of Applied SciencesEdinburgh Napier UniversityEdinburghUK
| | | | - Graham N. Stone
- Institute of Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | | | - Tomas Roslin
- Spatial Foodweb Ecology Group, Research Centre for Ecological Change, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Department of EcologySwedish Agricultural UniversityUppsalaSweden
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2
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Beet CR, Hogg ID, Cary SC, McDonald IR, Sinclair BJ. The Resilience of Polar Collembola (Springtails) in a Changing Climate. CURRENT RESEARCH IN INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 2:100046. [PMID: 36683955 PMCID: PMC9846479 DOI: 10.1016/j.cris.2022.100046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Assessing the resilience of polar biota to climate change is essential for predicting the effects of changing environmental conditions for ecosystems. Collembola are abundant in terrestrial polar ecosystems and are integral to food-webs and soil nutrient cycling. Using available literature, we consider resistance (genetic diversity; behavioural avoidance and physiological tolerances; biotic interactions) and recovery potential for polar Collembola. Polar Collembola have high levels of genetic diversity, considerable capacity for behavioural avoidance, wide thermal tolerance ranges, physiological plasticity, generalist-opportunistic feeding habits and broad ecological niches. The biggest threats to the ongoing resistance of polar Collembola are increasing levels of dispersal (gene flow), increased mean and extreme temperatures, drought, changing biotic interactions, and the arrival and spread of invasive species. If resistance capacities are insufficient, numerous studies have highlighted that while some species can recover from disturbances quickly, complete community-level recovery is exceedingly slow. Species dwelling deeper in the soil profile may be less able to resist climate change and may not recover in ecologically realistic timescales given the current rate of climate change. Ultimately, diverse communities are more likely to have species or populations that are able to resist or recover from disturbances. While much of the Arctic has comparatively high levels of diversity and phenotypic plasticity; areas of Antarctica have extremely low levels of diversity and are potentially much more vulnerable to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare R. Beet
- Te Aka Mātuatua - School of Science, Te Whare Wānanga o Waikato - University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
- International Centre for Terrestrial Antarctic Research, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Ian D. Hogg
- Te Aka Mātuatua - School of Science, Te Whare Wānanga o Waikato - University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
- Canadian High Arctic Research Station, Polar Knowledge Canada, Cambridge Bay, Nunavut, Canada
| | - S. Craig Cary
- Te Aka Mātuatua - School of Science, Te Whare Wānanga o Waikato - University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
- International Centre for Terrestrial Antarctic Research, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Ian R. McDonald
- Te Aka Mātuatua - School of Science, Te Whare Wānanga o Waikato - University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
- International Centre for Terrestrial Antarctic Research, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Brent J. Sinclair
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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3
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van Klink R, August T, Bas Y, Bodesheim P, Bonn A, Fossøy F, Høye TT, Jongejans E, Menz MHM, Miraldo A, Roslin T, Roy HE, Ruczyński I, Schigel D, Schäffler L, Sheard JK, Svenningsen C, Tschan GF, Wäldchen J, Zizka VMA, Åström J, Bowler DE. Emerging technologies revolutionise insect ecology and monitoring. Trends Ecol Evol 2022; 37:872-885. [PMID: 35811172 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Insects are the most diverse group of animals on Earth, but their small size and high diversity have always made them challenging to study. Recent technological advances have the potential to revolutionise insect ecology and monitoring. We describe the state of the art of four technologies (computer vision, acoustic monitoring, radar, and molecular methods), and assess their advantages, current limitations, and future potential. We discuss how these technologies can adhere to modern standards of data curation and transparency, their implications for citizen science, and their potential for integration among different monitoring programmes and technologies. We argue that they provide unprecedented possibilities for insect ecology and monitoring, but it will be important to foster international standards via collaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roel van Klink
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle Jena Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany; Martin Luther University-Halle Wittenberg, Department of Computer Science, 06099, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Tom August
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Benson Lane, Wallingford, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Yves Bas
- Centre d'Écologie et des Sciences de la Conservation, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France; CEFE, Université Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Paul Bodesheim
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Computer Vision Group, Ernst-Abbe-Platz 2, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Aletta Bonn
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle Jena Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany; Helmholtz - Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany; Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Biodiversity, Dornburger Strasse 159, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Frode Fossøy
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, P.O. Box 5685 Torgarden, 7485, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Toke T Høye
- Aarhus University, Department of Ecoscience and Arctic Research Centre, C.F. Møllers Allé 8, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Eelke Jongejans
- Radboud University, Animal Ecology and Physiology, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525, AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Animal Ecology, Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Myles H M Menz
- Max Planck Institute for Animal Behaviour, Department of Migration, Am Obstberg 1, 78315, Radolfzell, Germany; College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld, Australia
| | - Andreia Miraldo
- Swedish Museum of Natural Sciences, Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Frescativägen 40, 114 18, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas Roslin
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Ecology, Ulls väg 18B, 75651, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helen E Roy
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Benson Lane, Wallingford, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Ireneusz Ruczyński
- Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Stoczek 1, 17-230, Białowieża, Poland
| | - Dmitry Schigel
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Livia Schäffler
- Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Museum Koenig Bonn, Adenauerallee 127, 53113, Bonn, Germany
| | - Julie K Sheard
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle Jena Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany; Helmholtz - Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany; Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Biodiversity, Dornburger Strasse 159, 07743, Jena, Germany; University of Copenhagen, Centre for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Globe Institute, Universitetsparken 15, bld. 3, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cecilie Svenningsen
- University of Copenhagen, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Georg F Tschan
- Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Museum Koenig Bonn, Adenauerallee 127, 53113, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jana Wäldchen
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle Jena Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Department of Biogeochemical Integration, Hans-Knoell-Str. 10, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Vera M A Zizka
- Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Museum Koenig Bonn, Adenauerallee 127, 53113, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jens Åström
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, P.O. Box 5685 Torgarden, 7485, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Diana E Bowler
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle Jena Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany; UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Benson Lane, Wallingford, OX10 8BB, UK; Helmholtz - Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany; Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Biodiversity, Dornburger Strasse 159, 07743, Jena, Germany
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4
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Carlson ML, Fulkerson JR. Phenotypic selection on floral traits in the arctic plant
Parrya nudicaulis
(Brassicaceae). Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8624. [PMID: 35261739 PMCID: PMC8888260 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of floral traits is often attributed to pollinator‐mediated selection; however, the importance of pollinators as selective agents in arctic environments is poorly resolved. In arctic and subarctic regions that are thought to be pollen limited, selection is expected to either favor floral traits that increase pollinator attraction or promote reproductive assurance through selfing. We quantified phenotypic selection on floral traits in two arctic and two subarctic populations of the self‐compatible, but largely pollinator‐dependent, Parrya nudicaulis. Additionally, we measured selection in plants in both open pollination and pollen augmentation treatments to estimate selection imposed by pollinators in one population. Seed production was found to be limited by pollen availability and strong directional selection on flower number was observed. We did not detect consistently greater magnitudes of selection on floral traits in the arctic relative to the subarctic populations. Directional selection for more pigmented flowers in one arctic population was observed, however. In some populations, selection on flower color was found to interact with other traits. We did not detect consistently stronger selection gradients across all traits for plants exposed to pollinator selection relative to those in the pollen augmentation treatment; however, directional selection tended to be higher for some floral traits in open‐pollinated plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L. Carlson
- Alaska Center for Conservation Science University of Alaska Anchorage Anchorage Alaska USA
- Biological Sciences Department University of Alaska Anchorage Anchorage Alaska USA
| | - Justin R. Fulkerson
- Alaska Center for Conservation Science University of Alaska Anchorage Anchorage Alaska USA
- Biological Sciences Department University of Alaska Anchorage Anchorage Alaska USA
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5
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Kankaanpää T, Vesterinen E, Hardwick B, Schmidt NM, Andersson T, Aspholm PE, Barrio IC, Beckers N, Bêty J, Birkemoe T, DeSiervo M, Drotos KHI, Ehrich D, Gilg O, Gilg V, Hein N, Høye TT, Jakobsen KM, Jodouin C, Jorna J, Kozlov MV, Kresse J, Leandri‐Breton D, Lecomte N, Loonen M, Marr P, Monckton SK, Olsen M, Otis J, Pyle M, Roos RE, Raundrup K, Rozhkova D, Sabard B, Sokolov A, Sokolova N, Solecki AM, Urbanowicz C, Villeneuve C, Vyguzova E, Zverev V, Roslin T. Parasitoids indicate major climate-induced shifts in arctic communities. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:6276-6295. [PMID: 32914511 PMCID: PMC7692897 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Climatic impacts are especially pronounced in the Arctic, which as a region is warming twice as fast as the rest of the globe. Here, we investigate how mean climatic conditions and rates of climatic change impact parasitoid insect communities in 16 localities across the Arctic. We focus on parasitoids in a widespread habitat, Dryas heathlands, and describe parasitoid community composition in terms of larval host use (i.e., parasitoid use of herbivorous Lepidoptera vs. pollinating Diptera) and functional groups differing in their closeness of host associations (koinobionts vs. idiobionts). Of the latter, we expect idiobionts-as being less fine-tuned to host development-to be generally less tolerant to cold temperatures, since they are confined to attacking hosts pupating and overwintering in relatively exposed locations. To further test our findings, we assess whether similar climatic variables are associated with host abundances in a 22 year time series from Northeast Greenland. We find sites which have experienced a temperature rise in summer while retaining cold winters to be dominated by parasitoids of Lepidoptera, with the reverse being true for the parasitoids of Diptera. The rate of summer temperature rise is further associated with higher levels of herbivory, suggesting higher availability of lepidopteran hosts and changes in ecosystem functioning. We also detect a matching signal over time, as higher summer temperatures, coupled with cold early winter soils, are related to high herbivory by lepidopteran larvae, and to declines in the abundance of dipteran pollinators. Collectively, our results suggest that in parts of the warming Arctic, Dryas is being simultaneously exposed to increased herbivory and reduced pollination. Our findings point to potential drastic and rapid consequences of climate change on multitrophic-level community structure and on ecosystem functioning and highlight the value of collaborative, systematic sampling effort.
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6
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Høye TT. Arthropods and climate change - arctic challenges and opportunities. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2020; 41:40-45. [PMID: 32674064 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The harsh climate, limited human infrastructures, and basic autecological knowledge gaps represent substantial challenges for studying arthropods in the Arctic. At the same time, rapid climate change, low species diversity, and strong collaborative networks provide unique and underexploited Arctic opportunities for understanding species responses to environmental change and testing ecological theory. Here, I provide an overview of individual, population, and ecosystem level responses to climate change in Arctic arthropods. I focus on thermal performance, life history variation, population dynamics, community composition, diversity, and biotic interactions. The species-poor Arctic represents a unique opportunity for testing novel, automated arthropod monitoring methods. The Arctic can also potentially provide insights to further understand and mitigate the effects of climate change on arthropods worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toke T Høye
- Department of Bioscience and Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Grenåvej 14, DK-8410 Rønde, Denmark.
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7
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Rieseberg L, Geraldes A, Taberlet P. Editorial 2020. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:1-19. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.15328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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8
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Roslin T, Traugott M, Jonsson M, Stone GN, Creer S, Symondson WOC. Introduction: Special issue on species interactions, ecological networks and community dynamics - Untangling the entangled bank using molecular techniques. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:157-164. [PMID: 30548494 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Roslin
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michael Traugott
- Mountain Agriculture Research Unit, Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mattias Jonsson
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Graham N Stone
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Simon Creer
- Molecular Ecology and Fisheries Genetics Laboratory, School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Gwynedd, UK
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9
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Billault-Penneteau B, Sandré A, Folgmann J, Parniske M, Pawlowski K. Dryas as a Model for Studying the Root Symbioses of the Rosaceae. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:661. [PMID: 31214211 PMCID: PMC6558151 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The nitrogen-fixing root nodule symbiosis is restricted to four plant orders: Fabales (legumes), Fagales, Cucurbitales and Rosales (Elaeagnaceae, Rhamnaceae, and Rosaceae). Interestingly all of the Rosaceae genera confirmed to contain nodulating species (i.e., Cercocarpus, Chamaebatia, Dryas, and Purshia) belong to a single subfamily, the Dryadoideae. The Dryas genus is particularly interesting from an evolutionary perspective because it contains closely related nodulating (Dryas drummondii) and non-nodulating species (Dryas octopetala). The close phylogenetic relationship between these two species makes Dryas an ideal model genus to study the genetic basis of nodulation by whole genome comparison and classical genetics. Therefore, we established methods for plant cultivation, transformation and DNA extraction for these species. We optimized seed surface sterilization and germination methods and tested growth protocols ranging from pots and Petri dishes to a hydroponic system. Transgenic hairy roots were obtained by adapting Agrobacterium rhizogenes-based transformation protocols for Dryas species. We compared several DNA extraction protocols for their suitability for subsequent molecular biological analysis. Using CTAB extraction, reproducible PCRs could be performed, but CsCl gradient purification was essential to obtain DNA in sufficient purity for high quality de novo genome sequencing of both Dryas species. Altogether, we established a basic toolkit for the culture, transient transformation and genetic analysis of Dryas sp.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aline Sandré
- Institute of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, LMU Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jessica Folgmann
- Institute of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, LMU Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Martin Parniske
- Institute of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, LMU Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Katharina Pawlowski
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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10
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Tiusanen M, Huotari T, Hebert PDN, Andersson T, Asmus A, Bêty J, Davis E, Gale J, Hardwick B, Hik D, Körner C, Lanctot RB, Loonen MJJE, Partanen R, Reischke K, Saalfeld ST, Senez‐Gagnon F, Smith PA, Šulavík J, Syvänperä I, Urbanowicz C, Williams S, Woodard P, Zaika Y, Roslin T. Flower-visitor communities of an arcto-alpine plant-Global patterns in species richness, phylogenetic diversity and ecological functioning. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:318-335. [PMID: 30418699 PMCID: PMC6378624 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Pollination is an ecosystem function of global importance. Yet, who visits the flower of specific plants, how the composition of these visitors varies in space and time and how such variation translates into pollination services are hard to establish. The use of DNA barcodes allows us to address ecological patterns involving thousands of taxa that are difficult to identify. To clarify the regional variation in the visitor community of a widespread flower resource, we compared the composition of the arthropod community visiting species in the genus Dryas (mountain avens, family Rosaceae), throughout Arctic and high-alpine areas. At each of 15 sites, we sampled Dryas visitors with 100 sticky flower mimics and identified specimens to Barcode Index Numbers (BINs) using a partial sequence of the mitochondrial COI gene. As a measure of ecosystem functioning, we quantified variation in the seed set of Dryas. To test for an association between phylogenetic and functional diversity, we characterized the structure of local visitor communities with both taxonomic and phylogenetic descriptors. In total, we detected 1,360 different BINs, dominated by Diptera and Hymenoptera. The richness of visitors at each site appeared to be driven by local temperature and precipitation. Phylogeographic structure seemed reflective of geological history and mirrored trans-Arctic patterns detected in plants. Seed set success varied widely among sites, with little variation attributable to pollinator species richness. This pattern suggests idiosyncratic associations, with function dominated by few and potentially different taxa at each site. Taken together, our findings illustrate the role of post-glacial history in the assembly of flower-visitor communities in the Arctic and offer insights for understanding how diversity translates into ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikko Tiusanen
- Department of Agricultural SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Tea Huotari
- Department of Agricultural SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Paul D. N. Hebert
- Centre for Biodiversity GenomicsBiodiversity Institute of OntarioUniversity of GuelphGuelphOntarioCanada
| | - Tommi Andersson
- Kevo Subarctic Research StationBiodiversity UnitUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Ashley Asmus
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and BehaviorUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesota
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTexas
| | - Joël Bêty
- Département de Biologie and Centre d’études NordiquesUniversité du Québec à RimouskiRimouskiQuebecCanada
| | - Emma Davis
- Department of GeographyUniversity of GuelphGuelphOntarioCanada
| | - Jennifer Gale
- East Bay Southampton Island Shorebird CrewNational Wildlife Research CenterEnvironment CanadaOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Bess Hardwick
- Department of BiosciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - David Hik
- Department of Biological SciencesSimon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Christian Körner
- Department of Environmental SciencesInstitute of BotanyUniversity of BaselBaselGermany
| | | | | | - Rauni Partanen
- Kilpisjärvi Biological StationUniversity of HelsinkiKilpisjärviFinland
| | | | | | - Fanny Senez‐Gagnon
- Département des Sciences du Bois et de la ForêtUniversité LavalQuebec CityQuébecCanada
| | - Paul A. Smith
- Wildlife Research Division, Environment and Climate Change CanadaOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Ján Šulavík
- Department of Environmental SciencesFaculty of Engineering and ScienceWestern Norway University of Applied SciencesSogndalNorway
- Natural History MuseumUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Ilkka Syvänperä
- Kevo Subarctic Research StationBiodiversity UnitUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | | | - Sian Williams
- Kluane Lake Research StationYukonSilver City, YukonCanada
| | - Paul Woodard
- Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment and Climate Change Canada/Government of CanadaYellowknifeNorthwest TerritoriesCanada
| | - Yulia Zaika
- Department of GeographyKhibiny Academic Research StationLomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscowRussia
| | - Tomas Roslin
- Department of Agricultural SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Department of EcologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
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