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Wang Z, Wang Y, Yang H, Guo J, Wang Z. Doxycycline Induces Apoptosis of Brucella Suis S2 Strain-Infected HMC3 Microglial Cells by Activating Calreticulin-Dependent JNK/p53 Signaling Pathway. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:640847. [PMID: 33996626 PMCID: PMC8113685 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.640847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurobrucellosis is a chronic complication of human brucellosis that is caused by the presence of Brucella spp in the central nervous system (CNS) and the inflammation play a key role on the pathogenesis. Doxycycline (Dox) is a widely used antibiotic that induces apoptosis of bacteria-infected cells. However, the mechanisms of Brucella inhibition of microglial apoptosis and Dox induction of apoptosis are still poorly understood. In this study, we found that Brucella suis S2 strain (B. suis S2) increased calreticulin (CALR) protein levels and inhbited HMC3 cell apoptosis. Hence, we constructed two HMC3 cell line variants, one with stable overexpression (HMC3-CALR) and one with low expression of CALR (HMC3-sh-CALR). CALR was found to decrease levels of p-JNK and p-p53 proteins, as well as suppress apoptosis in HMC3 cells. These findings suggest that CALR suppresses apoptosis by inhibiting the JNK/p53 signaling pathway. Next, we treated HMC3, HMC3-CALR and HMC3-sh-CALR cell lines with B. suis S2 or Dox. Our results demonstrate that B. suis S2 restrains the JNK/p53 signaling pathway to inhibit HMC3 cell apoptosis via increasing CALR protein expression, while Dox plays the opposite role. Finally, we treated B. suis S2-infected HMC3 cells with Dox. Our results confirm that Dox induces JNK/p53-dependent apoptosis in B. suis S2-infected HMC3 cells through inhibition of CALR protein expression. Taken together, these results reveal that CALR and the JNK/p53 signaling pathway may serve as novel therapeutic targets for treatment of neurobrucellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yanbai Wang
- Cerebrospinal Fluid Laboratory, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Emergency Department, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jiayu Guo
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zhenhai Wang
- Neurology Center, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering Technology Research Center of Nervous System Diseases of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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Wang X, Tao T, Song D, Mao H, Liu M, Wang J, Liu X. Calreticulin stabilizes F-actin by acetylating actin and protects microvascular endothelial cells against microwave radiation. Life Sci 2019; 232:116591. [PMID: 31228513 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Calreticulin (CRT) is a multifunctional protein that protects endothelial cells by alleviating actin cytoskeleton injury, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. CRT was recently identified as a novel acyltransferase; acetylation at the N-terminus of actin monomers strengthens actin polymerization. This study was undertaken to determine whether CRT protects human microvascular endothelial cells (HMECs) against microwave radiation through actin acetylation. MATERIALS AND METHODS We prepared a eukaryotic-derived recombinant CRT and incubated the HMECs with it prior to microwave exposure. We then assessed cell injury and endothelial function, detected actin polymerization and acetylation after HMECs exposure to S-band high-power microwaves. Coimmunoprecipitation, pull-down, and ex vitro acetylation reaction were performed to determine whether actin is a novel substrate of CRT acyltransferase. Finally, we employed the mutant experiments to demonstrate the acetylation sites contributing to CRT acetyltransferase activity. KEY FINDINGS Microwave radiation induced severe cell injury and endothelial contact dysfunction, reduced the polymerization of actin filaments, and destroyed the actin arrangement, ultimately reducing acetylated actin expression. CRT treatment upregulated actin acetylation levels, promoted polymerization, and facilitated thicker and longer F-actin stress fibre formation. Pre-incubation with CRT rescued microwave-induced cell injury, decreased actin acetylation, and rendered the actin cytoskeleton radiation-retardant. The level of acetyl-actin was positively correlated with actin polymerization. Actin was identified as a novel substrate of CRT, being acetylated mainly through the CRT P-domain at lys-206 and -207. SIGNIFICANCE This work provides a better understanding of the underlying mechanism of CRT-induced cytoprotection, and suggests a novel therapeutic target for microwave radiation-related diseases with endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoreng Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tianqi Tao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Song
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Mao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mi Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianli Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuhua Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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3
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Peng Q, Lin K, Shen Y, Zhou P, Fan S, Shen Y, Zhu Y. Identification of potential genes and pathways for response prediction of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in patients with rectal cancer by systemic biological analysis. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:492-501. [PMID: 30655792 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by radical surgery is the standard of care for locally advanced rectal cancer. However, to the best of our knowledge, there are no effective biomarkers for predicting patients who may benefit from neoadjuvant treatment. The aim of the current study was to screen potential crucial genes and pathways associated with the response to CRT in rectal cancer, and provide valid biological information to assist further investigation of CRT optimization. In the current study, differentially expressed (DE) genes were identified from the tumor samples of responders and non-responders to neoadjuvant CRT in the GSE35452 gene expression profile. Seven hub genes and one significant module were identified from the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Functional enrichment analysis of all the DE genes and the hub genes, retrieved from PPI network analysis, revealed their associations with CRT response. Genes were identified that may be used to discriminate patients who would or would not clinically benefit from neoadjuvant CRT. Several important pathways enriched by the DE genes, hub genes and selected module were identified, and revealed to be closely associated with radiation response, including excision repair, homologous recombination, Ras signaling pathway, the forkhead box O signaling pathway, focal adhesion and the Wnt signaling pathway. In conclusion, the current study demonstrated that the identified gene signatures and pathways may be used as molecular biomarkers for predicting CRT response. Furthermore, combinations of these biomarkers may be helpful for optimizing CRT treatment and promoting understanding of the molecular basis of response differences; this needs to be confirmed by further experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiliang Peng
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China.,Institute of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Soochow University, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China.,Suzhou Key Laboratory for Radiation Oncology, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Kaisu Lin
- Department of Oncology, Nantong Rich Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu 226010, P.R. China
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China.,Institute of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Soochow University, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China.,Suzhou Key Laboratory for Radiation Oncology, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Shaonan Fan
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China.,Institute of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Soochow University, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China.,Suzhou Key Laboratory for Radiation Oncology, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Yuntian Shen
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China.,Institute of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Soochow University, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China.,Suzhou Key Laboratory for Radiation Oncology, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Yaqun Zhu
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China.,Institute of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Soochow University, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China.,Suzhou Key Laboratory for Radiation Oncology, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
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Calreticulin Ameliorates Hypoxia/Reoxygenation-Induced Human Microvascular Endothelial Cell Injury By Inhibiting Autophagy. Shock 2018; 49:108-116. [DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Biwer LA, Good ME, Hong K, Patel RK, Agrawal N, Looft-Wilson R, Sonkusare SK, Isakson BE. Non-Endoplasmic Reticulum-Based Calr (Calreticulin) Can Coordinate Heterocellular Calcium Signaling and Vascular Function. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:120-130. [PMID: 29122814 PMCID: PMC5746467 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.309886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In resistance arteries, endothelial cell (EC) extensions can make contact with smooth muscle cells, forming myoendothelial junction at holes in the internal elastic lamina (HIEL). At these HIEL, calcium signaling is tightly regulated. Because Calr (calreticulin) can buffer ≈50% of endoplasmic reticulum calcium and is expressed throughout IEL holes in small arteries, the only place where myoendothelial junctions form, we investigated the effect of EC-specific Calr deletion on calcium signaling and vascular function. APPROACH AND RESULTS We found Calr expressed in nearly every IEL hole in third-order mesenteric arteries, but not other ER markers. Because of this, we generated an EC-specific, tamoxifen inducible, Calr knockout mouse (EC Calr Δ/Δ). Using this mouse, we tested third-order mesenteric arteries for changes in calcium events at HIEL and vascular reactivity after application of CCh (carbachol) or PE (phenylephrine). We found that arteries from EC Calr Δ/Δ mice stimulated with CCh had unchanged activity of calcium signals and vasodilation; however, the same arteries were unable to increase calcium events at HIEL in response to PE. This resulted in significantly increased vasoconstriction to PE, presumably because of inhibited negative feedback. In line with these observations, the EC Calr Δ/Δ had increased blood pressure. Comparison of ER calcium in arteries and use of an ER-specific GCaMP indicator in vitro revealed no observable difference in ER calcium with Calr knockout. Using selective detergent permeabilization of the artery and inhibition of Calr translocation, we found that the observed Calr at HIEL may not be within the ER. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that Calr specifically at HIEL may act in a non-ER dependent manner to regulate arteriolar heterocellular communication and blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Biwer
- From the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (L.A.B., M.E.G., K.H., R.K.P., S.K.S., B.E.I.) and Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (L.A.B., S.K.S., B.E.I.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; and Department of Kinesiology, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA (N.A., R.L.-W.)
| | - Miranda E Good
- From the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (L.A.B., M.E.G., K.H., R.K.P., S.K.S., B.E.I.) and Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (L.A.B., S.K.S., B.E.I.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; and Department of Kinesiology, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA (N.A., R.L.-W.)
| | - Kwangseok Hong
- From the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (L.A.B., M.E.G., K.H., R.K.P., S.K.S., B.E.I.) and Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (L.A.B., S.K.S., B.E.I.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; and Department of Kinesiology, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA (N.A., R.L.-W.)
| | - Rahul K Patel
- From the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (L.A.B., M.E.G., K.H., R.K.P., S.K.S., B.E.I.) and Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (L.A.B., S.K.S., B.E.I.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; and Department of Kinesiology, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA (N.A., R.L.-W.)
| | - Neha Agrawal
- From the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (L.A.B., M.E.G., K.H., R.K.P., S.K.S., B.E.I.) and Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (L.A.B., S.K.S., B.E.I.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; and Department of Kinesiology, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA (N.A., R.L.-W.)
| | - Robin Looft-Wilson
- From the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (L.A.B., M.E.G., K.H., R.K.P., S.K.S., B.E.I.) and Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (L.A.B., S.K.S., B.E.I.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; and Department of Kinesiology, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA (N.A., R.L.-W.)
| | - Swapnil K Sonkusare
- From the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (L.A.B., M.E.G., K.H., R.K.P., S.K.S., B.E.I.) and Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (L.A.B., S.K.S., B.E.I.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; and Department of Kinesiology, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA (N.A., R.L.-W.)
| | - Brant E Isakson
- From the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (L.A.B., M.E.G., K.H., R.K.P., S.K.S., B.E.I.) and Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (L.A.B., S.K.S., B.E.I.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; and Department of Kinesiology, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA (N.A., R.L.-W.).
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Xu F, Wang Y, Tao T, Song D, Liu X. Calreticulin attenuated microwave radiation-induced human microvascular endothelial cell injury through promoting actin acetylation and polymerization. Cell Stress Chaperones 2017; 22:87-97. [PMID: 27815707 PMCID: PMC5225063 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-016-0745-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent work reveals that actin acetylation modification has been linked to different normal and disease processes and the effects associated with metabolic and environmental stressors. Herein, we highlight the effects of calreticulin on actin acetylation and cell injury induced by microwave radiation in human microvascular endothelial cell (HMEC). HMEC injury was induced by high-power microwave of different power density (10, 30, 60, 100 mW/cm2, for 6 min) with or without exogenous recombinant calreticulin. The cell injury was assessed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and Cell Counting Kit-8 in culture medium, migration ability, intercellular junction, and cytoskeleton staining in HMEC. Western blotting analysis was used to detected calreticulin expression in cytosol and nucleus and acetylation of globular actin (G-actin). We found that HMEC injury was induced by microwave radiation in a dose-dependent manner. Pretreatment HMEC with calreticulin suppressed microwave radiation-induced LDH leakage and increased cell viability and improved microwave radiation-induced decrease in migration, intercellular junction, and cytoskeleton. Meanwhile, pretreatment HMEC with exogenous calreticulin upregulated the histone acetyltransferase activity and the acetylation level of G-actin and increased the fibrous actin (F-actin)/G-actin ratio. We conclude that exogenous calreticulin protects HMEC against microwave radiation-induced injury through promoting actin acetylation and polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - You Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tianqi Tao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Song
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuhua Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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