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Qiu Y, Gao T, Smith BR. Mechanical deformation and death of circulating tumor cells in the bloodstream. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024:10.1007/s10555-024-10198-3. [PMID: 38980581 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-024-10198-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
The circulation of tumor cells through the bloodstream is a significant step in tumor metastasis. To better understand the metastatic process, circulating tumor cell (CTC) survival in the circulation must be explored. While immune interactions with CTCs in recent decades have been examined, research has yet to sufficiently explain some CTC behaviors in blood flow. Studies related to CTC mechanical responses in the bloodstream have recently been conducted to further study conditions under which CTCs might die. While experimental methods can assess the mechanical properties and death of CTCs, increasingly sophisticated computational models are being built to simulate the blood flow and CTC mechanical deformation under fluid shear stresses (FSS) in the bloodstream.Several factors contribute to the mechanical deformation and death of CTCs as they circulate. While FSS can damage CTC structure, diverse interactions between CTCs and blood components may either promote or hinder the next metastatic step-extravasation at a remote site. Overall understanding of how these factors influence the deformation and death of CTCs could serve as a basis for future experiments and simulations, enabling researchers to predict CTC death more accurately. Ultimately, these efforts can lead to improved metastasis-specific therapeutics and diagnostics specific in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiu Qiu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- The Institute for Quantitative Health Science & Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Tong Gao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science, and Engineering, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Bryan Ronain Smith
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
- The Institute for Quantitative Health Science & Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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Yang C, Yin D, Zhang H, Badea I, Yang SM, Zhang W. Cell Migration Assays and Their Application to Wound Healing Assays-A Critical Review. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:720. [PMID: 38930690 PMCID: PMC11205366 DOI: 10.3390/mi15060720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, cell migration assays (CMAs) have emerged as a tool to study the migration of cells along with their physiological responses under various stimuli, including both mechanical and bio-chemical properties. CMAs are a generic system in that they support various biological applications, such as wound healing assays. In this paper, we review the development of the CMA in the context of its application to wound healing assays. As such, the wound healing assay will be used to derive the requirements on CMAs. This paper will provide a comprehensive and critical review of the development of CMAs along with their application to wound healing assays. One salient feature of our methodology in this paper is the application of the so-called design thinking; namely we define the requirements of CMAs first and then take them as a benchmark for various developments of CMAs in the literature. The state-of-the-art CMAs are compared with this benchmark to derive the knowledge and technological gap with CMAs in the literature. We will also discuss future research directions for the CMA together with its application to wound healing assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Yang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 200051, China;
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
| | - Di Yin
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (D.Y.); (H.Z.)
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (D.Y.); (H.Z.)
| | - Ildiko Badea
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada;
| | - Shih-Mo Yang
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 200051, China;
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
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3
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Hu Z, Yang F, Xiang P, Luo Z, Liang T, Xu H. Effect of polydimethylsiloxane surface morphology on osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells through SIRT1 signalling pathway. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2024; 238:537-549. [PMID: 38561625 DOI: 10.1177/09544119241242964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Constructing surface topography with a certain roughness is a widely used, non-toxic, cost-effective and effective method for improving the microenvironment of cells, promoting the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and promoting the osseointegration of grafts and further improving their biocompatibility under clinical environmental conditions. SIRT1 plays an important regulatory role in the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs). However, it remains unknown whether SIRT1 plays an important regulatory role in the osteogenic differentiation of BM-MSCs with regard to surface morphology. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with different surface morphologies were prepared using different grits of sandpaper. The value for BMSCs added on different surfaces was detected by cell proliferation assays. RT-qPCR and Western blotting were performed to detect SIRT1 activation and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. Osteogenesis of MSCs was detected by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alizarin red S staining. SIRT1 inhibition experiments were performed to investigate the role of SIRT1 in the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs induced by surface morphology. We found that BM-MSCs have better value and osteogenic differentiation ability on a surface with roughness of PDMS-1000M. SIRT1 showed higher gene and protein expression on a PDMS-1000M surface with a roughness of 13.741 ± 1.388 µm. The promotion of the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs on the PDMS-1000M surface was significantly decreased after inhibiting SIRT1 expression. Our study demonstrated that a surface morphology with certain roughness can activate the SIRT1 pathway of MSCs and promote the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs via the SIRT1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zezun Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Fanlei Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Pan Xiang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Zongping Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Ting Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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Zhang YZ, Li MZ, Wang GX, Wang DW. Bibliometric analysis of the global research status and trends of mechanotransduction in cancer. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:518-534. [PMID: 38059188 PMCID: PMC10696219 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i11.518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of cancer is thought to involve the dynamic crosstalk between the tumor cells and the microenvironment they inhabit. Such crosstalk is thought to involve mechanotransduction, a process whereby the cells sense mechanical cues such as stiffness, and translate these into biochemical signals, which have an impact on the subsequent cellular activities. Bibliometric analysis is a statistical method that involves investigating different aspects (including authors' names and affiliations, article keywords, journals and citations) of large volumes of literature. Despite an increase in mechanotransduction-related research in recent years, there are currently no bibliometric studies that describe the global status and trends of mechanotransduction-related research in the cancer field. AIM To investigate the global research status and trends of mechanotransduction in cancer from a bibliometric viewpoint. METHODS Literature on mechanotransduction in cancer published from January 1, 1900 to December 31, 2022 was retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. Excel and GraphPad software carried out the statistical analysis of the relevant author, journal, organization, and country information. The co-authorship, keyword co-occurrence, and keyword burst analysis were visualized with VOSviewer and CiteSpace. RESULTS Of 597 publications from 745 institutions in 45 countries were published in 268 journals with 35510 citation times. With 270 articles, the United States is a well-established global leader in this field, and the University of California system, the most productive (n = 36) and influential institution (n = 4705 citations), is the most highly active in collaborating with other organizations. Cancers was the most frequent publisher with the highest H-index. The most productive researcher was Valerie M. Weaver, with 10 publications. The combined analysis of concurrent and burst keywords revealed that the future research hotspots of mechanotransduction in cancer were related to the plasma membrane, autophagy, piezo1/2, heterogeneity, cancer diagnosis, and post-transcriptional modifications. CONCLUSION Mechanotransduction-related cancer research remains a hot topic. The United States is in the leading position of global research on mechano-oncology after almost 30 years of investigations. Research group cooperations exist but remain largely domestic, lacking cross-national communications. The next big topic in this field is to explore how the plasma membrane and its localized mechanosensor can transduce mechanical force through post-transcriptional modifications and thereby participate in cellular activity regulations and cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Zhan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Jinan 250021, Shandong Province, China
| | - Meng-Zhu Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Jinan 250021, Shandong Province, China
| | - Guang-Xin Wang
- Shandong Innovation Center of Intelligent Diagnosis, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250013, Shandong Province, China
| | - Da-Wei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Jinan 250021, Shandong Province, China
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5
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Motlana MK, Ngoepe MN. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Model for Analysing the Role of Shear Stress in Angiogenesis in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097886. [PMID: 37175591 PMCID: PMC10178063 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterised by an attack on healthy cells in the joints. Blood flow and wall shear stress are crucial in angiogenesis, contributing to RA's pathogenesis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) regulates angiogenesis, and shear stress is a surrogate for VEGF in this study. Our objective was to determine how shear stress correlates with the location of new blood vessels and RA progression. To this end, two models were developed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The first model added new blood vessels based on shear stress thresholds, while the second model examined the entire blood vessel network. All the geometries were based on a micrograph of RA blood vessels. New blood vessel branches formed in low shear regions (0.840-1.260 Pa). This wall-shear-stress overlap region at the junctions was evident in all the models. The results were verified quantitatively and qualitatively. Our findings point to a relationship between the development of new blood vessels in RA, the magnitude of wall shear stress and the expression of VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malaika K Motlana
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7701, South Africa
| | - Malebogo N Ngoepe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7701, South Africa
- Centre for Research in Computational and Applied Mechanics (CERECAM), University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7701, South Africa
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6
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Asiyabi MM, Vahidi B. In silico analysis of a hierarchical microfluidic vascular network: Detecting the location of angiogenic sprouting. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2023; 39:e3654. [PMID: 36209469 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.3654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lack of oxygen is one of the leading causes of failure in engineered tissue. Therefore, angiogenesis will be necessary for the survival of larger tissues in vivo. In addition, a proper lymphatic system that plays an essential role in relieving inflammation and maintaining tissue homeostasis is of great importance for tissue regeneration and repair. Many biomechanical parameters are involved in controlling angiogenesis and capillary network generation, which are challenging to study and control in experimental studies or in vitro. In the present study, using numerical modeling, the effect of various geometric and biomechanical parameters in creating suitable conditions for angiogenesis was investigated. Furthermore, sprouting points were predicted using flow dynamics. For this purpose, a porous scaffold, flow channels with parametric geometry that followed Murray's law, and a drainage channel were considered. Results suggested that the geometry of the microfluidic channels and the characteristics of the vessel wall and scaffold plays a complementary role in determining the transmural pressure. It was found that a twofold increase in the vascular hydraulic conductivity can reduce the minimum transmural pressure by up to 28% and increase the drainage flow rate by 44%. In addition, the minimum magnitude of transmural pressure tends to zero for scaffold's hydraulic conductivity values smaller than 10-11 m3 s kg-1 . The results of this study can be used in optimizing the design of the relevant microfluidic systems to induce angiogenesis and avoid leakage in the constructed implantable tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Mahdinezhad Asiyabi
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahman Vahidi
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Barrasa-Ramos S, Dessalles CA, Hautefeuille M, Barakat AI. Mechanical regulation of the early stages of angiogenesis. J R Soc Interface 2022; 19:20220360. [PMID: 36475392 PMCID: PMC9727679 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2022.0360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Favouring or thwarting the development of a vascular network is essential in fields as diverse as oncology, cardiovascular disease or tissue engineering. As a result, understanding and controlling angiogenesis has become a major scientific challenge. Mechanical factors play a fundamental role in angiogenesis and can potentially be exploited for optimizing the architecture of the resulting vascular network. Largely focusing on in vitro systems but also supported by some in vivo evidence, the aim of this Highlight Review is dual. First, we describe the current knowledge with particular focus on the effects of fluid and solid mechanical stimuli on the early stages of the angiogenic process, most notably the destabilization of existing vessels and the initiation and elongation of new vessels. Second, we explore inherent difficulties in the field and propose future perspectives on the use of in vitro and physics-based modelling to overcome these difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Barrasa-Ramos
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Claire A. Dessalles
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Mathieu Hautefeuille
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement (UMR7622), Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France,Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Abdul I. Barakat
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
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8
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Luciano M, Versaevel M, Vercruysse E, Procès A, Kalukula Y, Remson A, Deridoux A, Gabriele S. Appreciating the role of cell shape changes in the mechanobiology of epithelial tissues. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2022; 3:011305. [PMID: 38505223 PMCID: PMC10903419 DOI: 10.1063/5.0074317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The wide range of epithelial cell shapes reveals the complexity and diversity of the intracellular mechanisms that serve to construct their morphology and regulate their functions. Using mechanosensitive steps, epithelial cells can sense a variety of different mechanochemical stimuli and adapt their behavior by reshaping their morphology. These changes of cell shape rely on a structural reorganization in space and time that generates modifications of the tensional state and activates biochemical cascades. Recent studies have started to unveil how the cell shape maintenance is involved in mechanical homeostatic tasks to sustain epithelial tissue folding, identity, and self-renewal. Here, we review relevant works that integrated mechanobiology to elucidate some of the core principles of how cell shape may be conveyed into spatial information to guide collective processes such as epithelial morphogenesis. Among many other parameters, we show that the regulation of the cell shape can be understood as the result of the interplay between two counteracting mechanisms: actomyosin contractility and intercellular adhesions, and that both do not act independently but are functionally integrated to operate on molecular, cellular, and tissue scales. We highlight the role of cadherin-based adhesions in force-sensing and mechanotransduction, and we report recent developments that exploit physics of liquid crystals to connect cell shape changes to orientational order in cell aggregates. Finally, we emphasize that the further intermingling of different disciplines to develop new mechanobiology assays will lead the way toward a unified picture of the contribution of cell shape to the pathophysiological behavior of epithelial tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Luciano
- University of Mons, Interfaces and Complex Fluids Laboratory, Mechanobiology and Biomaterials Group, Research Institute for Biosciences, CIRMAP, 20 Place du Parc, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Marie Versaevel
- University of Mons, Interfaces and Complex Fluids Laboratory, Mechanobiology and Biomaterials Group, Research Institute for Biosciences, CIRMAP, 20 Place du Parc, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Eléonore Vercruysse
- University of Mons, Interfaces and Complex Fluids Laboratory, Mechanobiology and Biomaterials Group, Research Institute for Biosciences, CIRMAP, 20 Place du Parc, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Anthony Procès
- University of Mons, Interfaces and Complex Fluids Laboratory, Mechanobiology and Biomaterials Group, Research Institute for Biosciences, CIRMAP, 20 Place du Parc, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Yohalie Kalukula
- University of Mons, Interfaces and Complex Fluids Laboratory, Mechanobiology and Biomaterials Group, Research Institute for Biosciences, CIRMAP, 20 Place du Parc, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Alexandre Remson
- University of Mons, Interfaces and Complex Fluids Laboratory, Mechanobiology and Biomaterials Group, Research Institute for Biosciences, CIRMAP, 20 Place du Parc, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Amandine Deridoux
- University of Mons, Interfaces and Complex Fluids Laboratory, Mechanobiology and Biomaterials Group, Research Institute for Biosciences, CIRMAP, 20 Place du Parc, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Sylvain Gabriele
- University of Mons, Interfaces and Complex Fluids Laboratory, Mechanobiology and Biomaterials Group, Research Institute for Biosciences, CIRMAP, 20 Place du Parc, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
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Substrate stiffening promotes VEGF-A functions via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 586:27-33. [PMID: 34823219 PMCID: PMC8785232 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
While it is now well-established that substrate stiffness regulates vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) mediated signaling and functions, causal mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we report an underlying role for the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. This pathway is activated on stiffer substrates, is amplified by VEGF-A stimulation, and correlates with enhanced endothelial cell (EC) proliferation, contraction, pro-angiogenic secretion, and capillary-like tube formation. In the settings of advanced age-related macular degeneration, characterized by EC and retinal pigment epithelial (RPE)-mediated angiogenesis, these data implicate substrate stiffness as a novel causative mechanism and Akt/mTOR inhibition as a novel therapeutic pathway.
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10
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Mechanical Aspects of Angiogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194987. [PMID: 34638470 PMCID: PMC8508205 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The formation of new blood vessels from already existing ones is a process of high clinical relevance, since it is of great importance for both physiological and pathological processes. In regard to tumors, the process is crucial, since it ensures the supply with nutrients and the growth of the tumor. The influence of mechanical factors on this biological process is an emerging field. Until now, the shear force of the blood flow has been considered the main mechanical parameter during angiogenesis. This review article provides an overview of further mechanical cues, with particular focus on the surrounding extracellular matrix impacting the cell behavior and, thus, regulating angiogenesis. This underlines the enormous importance of the mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix on cell biological processes and shows how changing the mechanics of the extracellular matrix could be used as a possible therapeutic approach in cancer therapy. Abstract Angiogenesis is of high clinical relevance as it plays a crucial role in physiological (e.g., tissue regeneration) and pathological processes (e.g., tumor growth). Besides chemical signals, such as VEGF, the relationship between cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM) can influence endothelial cell behavior during angiogenesis. Previously, in terms of the connection between angiogenesis and mechanical factors, researchers have focused on shear forces due to blood flow. However, it is becoming increasingly important to include the direct influence of the ECM on biological processes, such as angiogenesis. In this context, we focus on the stiffness of the surrounding ECM and the adhesion of cells to the ECM. Furthermore, we highlight the mechanical cues during the main stages of angiogenesis: cell migration, tip and stalk cells, and vessel stabilization. It becomes clear that the different stages of angiogenesis require various chemical and mechanical cues to be modulated by/modulate the stiffness of the ECM. Thus, changes of the ECM during tumor growth represent additional potential dysregulations of angiogenesis in addition to erroneous biochemical signals. This awareness could be the basis of therapeutic approaches to counteract specific processes in tumor angiogenesis.
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11
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Lekka M, Gnanachandran K, Kubiak A, Zieliński T, Zemła J. Traction force microscopy - Measuring the forces exerted by cells. Micron 2021; 150:103138. [PMID: 34416532 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2021.103138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cells generate mechanical forces (traction forces, TFs) while interacting with the extracellular matrix or neighbouring cells. Forces are generated by both cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) and transmitted within the cell-ECM or cell-cell contacts involving focal adhesions or adherens junctions. Within more than two decades, substantial progress has been achieved in techniques that measure TFs. One of the techniques is traction force microscopy (TFM). This review discusses the TFM and its advances in measuring TFs exerted by cells (single cells and multicellular systems) at cell-ECM and cell-cell junctional intracellular interfaces. The answers to how cells sense, adapt and respond to mechanical forces unravel their role in controlling and regulating cell behaviour in normal and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Lekka
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342, Cracow, Poland.
| | | | - Andrzej Kubiak
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342, Cracow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Zieliński
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342, Cracow, Poland
| | - Joanna Zemła
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342, Cracow, Poland
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12
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Li Y, Qin Z, Zhou L, Shahzad KA, Xia D. Collective influence of substrate chemistry with physiological fluid shear stress on human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:1926-1934. [PMID: 34009727 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, vascular scaffold materials play an extremely important role. The appropriate substrate chemistries and 15 dynes/cm2 physiological fluid shear stress (FSS) are both required to ensure normal physiological activity of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The present study reported the collective influence of substrate chemistries and FSS on HUVECs in the sense of its biological functions. The CH3 , NH2 , and OH functional groups were adopted to offer a variety of substrate chemistries on glass slides by the technology of self-assembled monolayers, whereas FSS was generated by a parallel-plate fluid flow system. Substrate chemistries on its own by no means had noticeable effects on eNOS, ATP, NO, and PGI2 expressions, while FSS stimuli enhanced their production. While substrate chemistries, as well as FSS, were both exerted, the releases of ATP, NO, and PGI2 were dependent on substrate chemistries. Study of F-actin organization and focal adhesions (FAs) formation of HUVECs before FSS exposure proves that F-action organization and FAs formation followed similar chemistry-dependence. Hereby proposed a feasible mechanism, that is, the F-actin organization and FAs formation of HUVECs are controlled by substrate chemistries, further advancing the modulation of FSS-triggered responses of HUVECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Taizhou Polytechnic College, Taizhou, China.,Bone Tissue Engineering Research Center of Taizhou, Taizhou, China
| | - Zhongjie Qin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of South-west Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Orofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Laboratory, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Taizhou Polytechnic College, Taizhou, China.,Bone Tissue Engineering Research Center of Taizhou, Taizhou, China
| | - Khawar Ali Shahzad
- School of Pharmacy, Taizhou Polytechnic College, Taizhou, China.,Department of Zoology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Delin Xia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of South-west Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Orofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Laboratory, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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13
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Hervas-Raluy S, Gomez-Benito MJ, Borau-Zamora C, Cóndor M, Garcia-Aznar JM. A new 3D finite element-based approach for computing cell surface tractions assuming nonlinear conditions. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249018. [PMID: 33852586 PMCID: PMC8046236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in methods for determining the forces exerted by cells while they migrate are essential for attempting to understand important pathological processes, such as cancer or angiogenesis, among others. Precise data from three-dimensional conditions are both difficult to obtain and manipulate. For this purpose, it is critical to develop workflows in which the experiments are closely linked to the subsequent computational postprocessing. The work presented here starts from a traction force microscopy (TFM) experiment carried out on microfluidic chips, and this experiment is automatically joined to an inverse problem solver that allows us to extract the traction forces exerted by the cell from the displacements of fluorescent beads embedded in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Therefore, both the reconstruction of the cell geometry and the recovery of the ECM displacements are used to generate the inputs for the resolution of the inverse problem. The inverse problem is solved iteratively by using the finite element method under the hypothesis of finite deformations and nonlinear material formulation. Finally, after mathematical postprocessing is performed, the traction forces on the surface of the cell in the undeformed configuration are obtained. Therefore, in this work, we demonstrate the robustness of our computational-based methodology by testing it under different conditions in an extreme theoretical load problem and then by applying it to a real case based on experimental results. In summary, we have developed a new procedure that adds value to existing methodologies for solving inverse problems in 3D, mainly by allowing for large deformations and not being restricted to any particular material formulation. In addition, it automatically bridges the gap between experimental images and mechanical computations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Hervas-Raluy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Borau-Zamora
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- University Center for Defense, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Mar Cóndor
- Biomechanics Section, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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14
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Pradhan S, Banda OA, Farino CJ, Sperduto JL, Keller KA, Taitano R, Slater JH. Biofabrication Strategies and Engineered In Vitro Systems for Vascular Mechanobiology. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1901255. [PMID: 32100473 PMCID: PMC8579513 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The vascular system is integral for maintaining organ-specific functions and homeostasis. Dysregulation in vascular architecture and function can lead to various chronic or acute disorders. Investigation of the role of the vascular system in health and disease has been accelerated through the development of tissue-engineered constructs and microphysiological on-chip platforms. These in vitro systems permit studies of biochemical regulation of vascular networks and parenchymal tissue and provide mechanistic insights into the biophysical and hemodynamic forces acting in organ-specific niches. Detailed understanding of these forces and the mechanotransductory pathways involved is necessary to develop preventative and therapeutic strategies targeting the vascular system. This review describes vascular structure and function, the role of hemodynamic forces in maintaining vascular homeostasis, and measurement approaches for cell and tissue level mechanical properties influencing vascular phenomena. State-of-the-art techniques for fabricating in vitro microvascular systems, with varying degrees of biological and engineering complexity, are summarized. Finally, the role of vascular mechanobiology in organ-specific niches and pathophysiological states, and efforts to recapitulate these events using in vitro microphysiological systems, are explored. It is hoped that this review will help readers appreciate the important, but understudied, role of vascular-parenchymal mechanotransduction in health and disease toward developing mechanotherapeutics for treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantanu Pradhan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Omar A. Banda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Cindy J. Farino
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - John L. Sperduto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Keely A. Keller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Ryan Taitano
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - John H. Slater
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 201 DuPont Hall, Newark, DE 19716, USA
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, 15 Innovation Way, Newark, DE 19711, USA
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15
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Wang R, Yao X, Li T, Li X, Jin M, Ni Y, Yuan W, Xie X, Lu L, Li M. Reversible Thermoresponsive Hydrogel Fabricated from Natural Biopolymer for the Improvement of Critical Limb Ischemia by Controlling Release of Stem Cells. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1900967. [PMID: 31557404 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201900967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells therapy is an effective treatment for critical limb ischemia diseases (CLI), but is limited to low cells retention and poor target release in severe ischemia tissues. Due to the notable feature of CLI, namely, the temperature of ischemia tissues decreases with the severity of the lesions, a thermoresponsive and reversible hydrogel based on methylcellulose-salt system encapsulating stem cells is facilely prepared and successfully achieved the goal of releasing stem cells in lower temperature areas. The investigations show that the thermogel presents notable biocompatibility, thermoresponsiveness, and cytoprotection. Furthermore, the combined transplantation of hydrogel and stem cells system effectively inhibits the fibrosis and muscular atrophy of lower limb ischemia, accelerates the recovery of lower limb blood flow, and promotes angiogenesis, indicating that the reversible thermogel can promote vascular repair by controlling the release of loaded stem cells in the treatment of CLI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringShanghai Tenth People's HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji University Shanghai 201804 China
| | - Xueliang Yao
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringShanghai Tenth People's HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji University Shanghai 201804 China
| | - Tingyu Li
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringShanghai Tenth People's HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji University Shanghai 201804 China
| | - Xue Li
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringShanghai Tenth People's HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji University Shanghai 201804 China
| | - Mingming Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular ImagingShanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Shanghai 201318 China
| | - Yebin Ni
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringShanghai Tenth People's HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji University Shanghai 201804 China
| | - Weizhong Yuan
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringShanghai Tenth People's HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji University Shanghai 201804 China
| | - Xiaoyun Xie
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringShanghai Tenth People's HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji University Shanghai 201804 China
| | - Ligong Lu
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical CenterZhuhai Precision Medical CenterZhuhai People's HospitalZhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University Zhuhai Guangdong 519000 China
| | - Maoquan Li
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringShanghai Tenth People's HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji University Shanghai 201804 China
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16
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Chen MB, Kamm RD, Moeendarbary E. Engineered Models of Metastasis with Application to Study Cancer Biomechanics. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1092:189-207. [PMID: 30368754 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-95294-9_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional complex biomechanical interactions occur from the initial steps of tumor formation to the later phases of cancer metastasis. Conventional monolayer cultures cannot recapitulate the complex microenvironment and chemical and mechanical cues that tumor cells experience during their metastatic journey, nor the complexity of their interactions with other, noncancerous cells. As alternative approaches, various engineered models have been developed to recapitulate specific features of each step of metastasis with tunable microenvironments to test a variety of mechanistic hypotheses. Here the main recent advances in the technologies that provide deeper insight into the process of cancer dissemination are discussed, with an emphasis on three-dimensional and mechanical factors as well as interactions between multiple cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle B Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Roger D Kamm
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Emad Moeendarbary
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
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17
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Choi D, Park E, Jung E, Cha B, Lee S, Yu J, Kim PM, Lee S, Hong YJ, Koh CJ, Cho CW, Wu Y, Li Jeon N, Wong AK, Shin L, Kumar SR, Bermejo-Moreno I, Srinivasan RS, Cho IT, Hong YK. Piezo1 incorporates mechanical force signals into the genetic program that governs lymphatic valve development and maintenance. JCI Insight 2019; 4:125068. [PMID: 30676326 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.125068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic system plays crucial roles in tissue homeostasis, lipid absorption, and immune cell trafficking. Although lymphatic valves ensure unidirectional lymph flows, the flow itself controls lymphatic valve formation. Here, we demonstrate that a mechanically activated ion channel Piezo1 senses oscillating shear stress (OSS) and incorporates the signal into the genetic program controlling lymphatic valve development and maintenance. Time-controlled deletion of Piezo1 using a pan-endothelial Cre driver (Cdh5[PAC]-CreERT2) or lymphatic-specific Cre driver (Prox1-CreERT2) equally inhibited lymphatic valve formation in newborn mice. Furthermore, Piezo1 deletion in adult lymphatics caused substantial lymphatic valve degeneration. Piezo1 knockdown in cultured lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) largely abrogated the OSS-induced upregulation of the lymphatic valve signature genes. Conversely, ectopic Piezo1 overexpression upregulated the lymphatic valve genes in the absence of OSS. Remarkably, activation of Piezo1 using chemical agonist Yoda1 not only accelerated lymphatic valve formation in animals, but also triggered upregulation of some lymphatic valve genes in cultured LECs without exposure to OSS. In summary, our studies together demonstrate that Piezo1 is the force sensor in the mechanotransduction pathway controlling lymphatic valve development and maintenance, and Piezo1 activation is a potentially novel therapeutic strategy for congenital and surgery-associated lymphedema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwon Choi
- Department of Surgery, and.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Eunkyung Park
- Department of Surgery, and.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Eunson Jung
- Department of Surgery, and.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Boksik Cha
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Somin Lee
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - James Yu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Paul M Kim
- Department of Surgery, and.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sunju Lee
- Department of Surgery, and.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yeo Jin Hong
- Department of Surgery, and.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Chester J Koh
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor Collexge of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Chang-Won Cho
- Department of Surgery, and.,Traditional Food Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
| | - Yifan Wu
- Department of Surgery, and.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Noo Li Jeon
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | | | - Ivan Bermejo-Moreno
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - R Sathish Srinivasan
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | | | - Young-Kwon Hong
- Department of Surgery, and.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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18
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Hanke J, Ranke C, Perego E, Köster S. Human blood platelets contract in perpendicular direction to shear flow. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:2009-2019. [PMID: 30724316 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm02136h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In their physiological environment, blood platelets are permanently exposed to shear forces caused by blood flow. Within this surrounding, they generate contractile forces that eventually lead to a compaction of the blood clot. Here, we present a microfluidic chamber that combines hydrogel-based traction force microscopy with a controlled shear environment, and investigate the force fields platelets generate when exposed to shear flow in a spatio-temporally resolved manner. We find that for shear rates between 14 s-1 to 33 s-1, the general contraction behavior in terms of force distribution and magnitude does not differ from no-flow conditions. The main direction of contraction, however, does respond to the externally applied stress. At high shear stress, we observe an angle of about 90° between flow direction and main contraction axis. We explain this observation by the distribution of the stress acting on the adherent cell: the observed angle provides the most stable situation for the cell experiencing the shear flow, as supported by a finite element method simulation of the stresses along the platelet boundary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Hanke
- Institute for X-Ray Physics, University of Goettingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
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19
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Lee S, Ko J, Park D, Lee SR, Chung M, Lee Y, Jeon NL. Microfluidic-based vascularized microphysiological systems. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:2686-2709. [PMID: 30110034 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00285a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Microphysiological systems have emerged in the last decade to provide an alternative to in vivo models in basic science and pharmaceutical research. In the field of vascular biology, in particular, there has been a lack of a suitable in vitro model exhibiting a three-dimensional structure and the physiological function of vasculature integrated with organ-on-a-chip models. The rapid development of organ-on-a-chip technology is well positioned to fulfill unmet needs. Recently, functional integration of vasculature with diverse microphysiological systems has been increasing. This recent trend corresponds to emerging research interest in how the vascular system contributes to various physiological and pathological conditions. This innovative platform has undergone significant development, but adoption of this technology by end-users and researchers in biology is still a work in progress. Therefore, it is critical to focus on simplification and standardization to promote the distribution and acceptance of this technology by the end-users. In this review, we will introduce the latest developments in vascularized microphysiological systems and summarize their outlook in basic research and drug screening applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somin Lee
- Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Marchand M, Monnot C, Muller L, Germain S. Extracellular matrix scaffolding in angiogenesis and capillary homeostasis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 89:147-156. [PMID: 30165150 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) of blood vessels, which is composed of both the vascular basement membrane (BM) and the interstitial ECM is identified as a crucial component of the vasculature. We here focus on the unique molecular composition and scaffolding of the capillary ECM, which provides structural support to blood vessels and regulates properties of endothelial cells and pericytes. The major components of the BM are collagen IV, laminins, heparan sulfate proteoglycans and nidogen and also associated proteins such as collagen XVIII and fibronectin. Their organization and scaffolding in the BM is required for proper capillary morphogenesis and maintenance of vascular homeostasis. The BM also regulates vascular mechanosensing. A better understanding of the mechanical and structural properties of the vascular BM and interstitial ECM therefore opens new perspectives to control physiological and pathological angiogenesis and vascular homeostasis. The overall aim of this review is to explain how ECM scaffolding influences angiogenesis and capillary integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Marchand
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Collège Doctoral, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Catherine Monnot
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Muller
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Germain
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005, Paris, France.
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21
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Murfee WL, Peirce SM. Microfluidics Technologies and Approaches for Studying the Microcirculation. Microcirculation 2018; 24. [PMID: 28470950 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A challenge for basic and applied microvascular research is the lack of ex vivo experimental platforms that mimic the structural and functional complexity that is inherent to the microcirculation in living organisms. This Special Topic Issue highlights the emergence of microfluidic-based approaches as tools for recapitulating physiologically relevant network architectures and hemodynamics to study biochemical and biomechanical mechanisms of microvascular function and adaptation. This collection of review and original research articles showcases the value of microfluidics in bridging the gap between in vivo and in vitro model systems by demonstrating the utility of this technology for investigating microvascular dynamics spanning angiogenesis to blood cell rheology and for preclinical evaluation of therapeutic strategies that target the microcirculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter L Murfee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Shayn M Peirce
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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22
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Shear stress: An essential driver of endothelial progenitor cells. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 118:46-69. [PMID: 29549046 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The blood flow through vessels produces a tangential, or shear, stress sensed by their innermost layer (i.e., endothelium) and representing a major hemodynamic force. In humans, endothelial repair and blood vessel formation are mainly performed by circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) characterized by a considerable expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), CD34, and CD133, pronounced tube formation activity in vitro, and strong reendothelialization or neovascularization capacity in vivo. EPCs have been proposed as a promising agent to induce reendothelialization of injured arteries, neovascularization of ischemic tissues, and endothelialization or vascularization of bioartificial constructs. A number of preconditioning approaches have been suggested to improve the regenerative potential of EPCs, including the use of biophysical stimuli such as shear stress. However, in spite of well-defined influence of shear stress on mature endothelial cells (ECs), articles summarizing how it affects EPCs are lacking. Here we discuss the impact of shear stress on homing, paracrine effects, and differentiation of EPCs. Unidirectional laminar shear stress significantly promotes homing of circulating EPCs to endothelial injury sites, induces anti-thrombotic and anti-atherosclerotic phenotype of EPCs, increases their capability to form capillary-like tubes in vitro, and enhances differentiation of EPCs into mature ECs in a dose-dependent manner. These effects are mediated by VEGFR2, Tie2, Notch, and β1/3 integrin signaling and can be abrogated by means of complementary siRNA/shRNA or selective pharmacological inhibitors of the respective proteins. Although the testing of sheared EPCs for vascular tissue engineering or regenerative medicine applications is still an unaccomplished task, favorable effects of unidirectional laminar shear stress on EPCs suggest its usefulness for their preconditioning.
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23
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Abstract
In vivo, cells of the vascular system are subjected to various mechanical stimuli and have demonstrated the ability to adapt their behavior via mechanotransduction. Recent advances in microfluidic and "on-chip" techniques have provided the technology to study these alterations in cell behavior. Contrary to traditional in vitro assays such as transwell plates and parallel plate flow chambers, these microfluidic devices (MFDs) provide the opportunity to integrate multiple mechanical cues (e.g. shear stress, confinement, substrate stiffness, vessel geometry and topography) with in situ quantification capabilities. As such, MFDs can be used to recapitulate the in vivo mechanical setting and systematically vary microenvironmental conditions for improved mechanobiological studies of the endothelium. Additionally, adequate modelling provides for enhanced understanding of disease progression, design of cell separation and drug delivery systems, and the development of biomaterials for tissue engineering applications. Here, we will discuss the advances in knowledge about endothelial cell mechanosensing resulting from the design and application of biomimetic on-chip and microfluidic platforms.
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