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Ohsawa S, Schwaiger M, Iesmantavicius V, Hashimoto R, Moriyama H, Matoba H, Hirai G, Sodeoka M, Hashimoto A, Matsuyama A, Yoshida M, Yashiroda Y, Bühler M. Nitrogen signaling factor triggers a respiration-like gene expression program in fission yeast. EMBO J 2024; 43:4604-4624. [PMID: 39256560 PMCID: PMC11480445 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00224-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbes have evolved intricate communication systems that enable individual cells of a population to send and receive signals in response to changes in their immediate environment. In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the oxylipin nitrogen signaling factor (NSF) is part of such communication system, which functions to regulate the usage of different nitrogen sources. Yet, the pathways and mechanisms by which NSF acts are poorly understood. Here, we show that NSF physically interacts with the mitochondrial sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase Hmt2 and that it prompts a change from a fermentation- to a respiration-like gene expression program without any change in the carbon source. Our results suggest that NSF activity is not restricted to nitrogen metabolism alone and that it could function as a rheostat to prepare a population of S. pombe cells for an imminent shortage of their preferred nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Ohsawa
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 24, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michaela Schwaiger
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 24, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vytautas Iesmantavicius
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 24, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rio Hashimoto
- Chemical Genomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, 351-0198, Saitama, Japan
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, 183-8538, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Moriyama
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, 183-8538, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Matoba
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi Higashi-ku, 812-8582, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Go Hirai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi Higashi-ku, 812-8582, Fukuoka, Japan
- Catalysis and Integrated Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, 351-0198, Saitama, Japan
| | - Mikiko Sodeoka
- Catalysis and Integrated Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, 351-0198, Saitama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hashimoto
- Chemical Genomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, 351-0198, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akihisa Matsuyama
- Chemical Genomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, 351-0198, Saitama, Japan
- Molecular Ligand Target Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, 351-0198, Saitama, Japan
| | - Minoru Yoshida
- Chemical Genomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, 351-0198, Saitama, Japan
- Office of University Professors, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8657, Tokyo, Japan
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8657, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Yashiroda
- Chemical Genomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, 351-0198, Saitama, Japan.
- Molecular Ligand Target Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, 351-0198, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Marc Bühler
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 24, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
- University of Basel, Petersplatz 10, 4003, Basel, Switzerland.
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Zhao N, Zhu M, Liu Q, Shen Y, Duan S, Zhu L, Yang J. AoPrdx2 Regulates Oxidative Stress, Reactive Oxygen Species, Trap Formation, and Secondary Metabolism in Arthrobotrys oligospora. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:110. [PMID: 38392782 PMCID: PMC10890406 DOI: 10.3390/jof10020110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Prdx2 is a peroxiredoxin (Prx) family protein that protects cells from attack via reactive oxygen species (ROS), and it has an important role in improving the resistance and scavenging capacity of ROS in fungi. Arthrobotrys oligospora is a widespread nematode-trapping fungus that can produce three-dimensional nets to capture and kill nematodes. In this study, AoPrdx2, a homologous protein of Prx5, was investigated in A. oligospora via gene disruption, phenotypic analysis, and metabolomics. The deletion of Aoprdx2 resulted in an increase in the number of mycelial septa and a reduction in the number of nuclei and spore yield. Meanwhile, the absence of Aoprdx2 increased sensitivity to oxidative stresses, whereas the ∆Aoprdx2 mutant strain resulted in higher ROS levels than that of the wild-type (WT) strain. In particular, the inactivation of Aoprdx2 severely influenced trap formation and pathogenicity; the number of traps produced by the ∆Aoprdx2 mutant strain was remarkably reduced and the number of mycelial rings of traps in the ∆Aoprdx2 mutant strain was less than that of the WT strain. In addition, the abundance of metabolites in the ∆Aoprdx2 mutant strain was significantly downregulated compared with the WT strain. These results indicate that AoPrdx2 plays an indispensable role in the scavenging of ROS, trap morphogenesis, and secondary metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Meichen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Yanmei Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Shipeng Duan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Lirong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Jinkui Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
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3
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Vega M, Barrios R, Fraile R, de Castro Cogle K, Castillo D, Anglada R, Casals F, Ayté J, Lowy-Gallego E, Hidalgo E. Topoisomerase 1 facilitates nucleosome reassembly at stress genes during recovery. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:12161-12173. [PMID: 37956308 PMCID: PMC10711424 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad1066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromatin remodeling is essential to allow full development of alternative gene expression programs in response to environmental changes. In fission yeast, oxidative stress triggers massive transcriptional changes including the activation of hundreds of genes, with the participation of histone modifying complexes and chromatin remodelers. DNA transcription is associated to alterations in DNA topology, and DNA topoisomerases facilitate elongation along gene bodies. Here, we test whether the DNA topoisomerase Top1 participates in the RNA polymerase II-dependent activation of the cellular response to oxidative stress. Cells lacking Top1 are resistant to H2O2 stress. The transcriptome of Δtop1 strain was not greatly affected in the absence of stress, but activation of the anti-stress gene expression program was more sustained than in wild-type cells. Top1 associated to stress open reading frames. While the nucleosomes of stress genes are partially and transiently evicted during stress, the chromatin configuration remains open for longer times in cells lacking Top1, facilitating RNA polymerase II progression. We propose that, by removing DNA tension arising from transcription, Top1 facilitates nucleosome reassembly and works in synergy with the chromatin remodeler Hrp1 as opposing forces to transcription and to Snf22 / Hrp3 opening remodelers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Vega
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Rubén Barrios
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Fraile
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | | | | | - Roger Anglada
- Genomics Core Facility, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Ferran Casals
- Genomics Core Facility, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - José Ayté
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Ernesto Lowy-Gallego
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Elena Hidalgo
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona 08003, Spain
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Yan Y, Huang X, Zhou Y, Li J, Liu F, Li X, Hu X, Wang J, Guo L, Liu R, Takaya N, Zhou S. Cytosol Peroxiredoxin and Cell Surface Catalase Differentially Respond to H 2O 2 Stress in Aspergillus nidulans. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1333. [PMID: 37507873 PMCID: PMC10376852 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Both catalase and peroxiredoxin show high activities of H2O2 decomposition and coexist in the same organism; however, their division of labor in defense against H2O2 is unclear. We focused on the major peroxiredoxin (PrxA) and catalase (CatB) in Aspergillus nidulans at different growth stages to discriminate their antioxidant roles. The dormant conidia lacking PrxA showed sensitivity to high concentrations of H2O2 (>100 mM), revealing that PrxA is one of the important antioxidants in dormant conidia. Once the conidia began to swell and germinate, or further develop to young hyphae (9 h to old age), PrxA-deficient cells (ΔprxA) did not survive on plates containing H2O2 concentrations higher than 1 mM, indicating that PrxA is an indispensable antioxidant in the early growth stage. During these early growth stages, absence of CatB did not affect fungal resistance to either high (>1 mM) or low (<1 mM) concentrations of H2O2. In the mature hyphae stage (24 h to old age), however, CatB fulfills the major antioxidant function, especially against high doses of H2O2. PrxA is constitutively expressed throughout the lifespan, whereas CatB levels are low in the early growth stage of the cells developing from swelling conidia to early growth hyphae, providing a molecular basis for their different contributions to H2O2 resistance in different growth stages. Further enzyme activity and cellular localization analysis indicated that CatB needs to be secreted to be functionalized, and this process is confined to the growth stage of mature hyphae. Our results revealed differences in effectiveness and timelines of two primary anti-H2O2 enzymes in fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiaofei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Feiyun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xueying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiaotao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Lingyan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Renning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Naoki Takaya
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
| | - Shengmin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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5
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Basis for using thioredoxin as an electron donor by Schizosaccharomyces pombe Gpx1 and Tpx1. AMB Express 2022; 12:41. [PMID: 35403927 PMCID: PMC9001804 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-022-01381-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) peroxidases (GPxs or GSHPx) and thioredoxin (Trx) peroxidases (TPxs) are two classes of peroxidases that catalyze the reduction of peroxides. GPxs and TPxs generally use GSH or Trx, respectively, to recycle the oxidized cysteine (Cys) residue in the protein. However, it is unclear why unlike human GPxs, the Schizosaccharomyces pombe Gpx1 (spGpx1) prefers Trx over GSH for recycling of the active-site peroxidatic Cys residue. Here, we compared spGpx1 and S. pombe Tpx1 (spTpx1) protein sequences with those of their respective homologs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and humans. Our analysis revealed that like spTpx1, spGpx1 contains a pair of conserved Cys residues (Cys36 and Cys82). These two conserved Cys residues are named peroxidatic and resolving Cys residues, respectively, and are found only in GPxs and TPxs that prefer Trx as an electron donor. Our analysis suggested that Cys36 and Cys82 in spGpx1 are most likely to form a disulfide bond upon oxidation of Cys36. Molecular modelling predicted that a conformational change might be required for the formation of this disulfide bond. Evolutionary analysis suggested that fungal GPxs and TPxs are related by divergent evolution from a common ancestor. Our analyses support a prediction that while spGpx1 and spTpx1 are phylogenetically and functionally different, they evolved from a common ancestor and use a similar mechanism for recycling of the active-site peroxidatic Cys residue. spGpx1 contains two conserved Cys residues (Cys36 and Cys82), which may form a disulfide bond upon oxidation and the reduction of this disulfide bond is most likely to be mediated by Trx in vivo. Fungal GPxs and TPxs evolved from a common ancestor.
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Salat-Canela C, Carmona M, Martín-García R, Pérez P, Ayté J, Hidalgo E. Stress-dependent inhibition of polarized cell growth through unbalancing the GEF/GAP regulation of Cdc42. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109951. [PMID: 34731607 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cdc42 GTPase rules cell polarity and growth in fission yeast. It is negatively and positively regulated by GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) and guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), respectively. Active Cdc42-GTP localizes to the poles, where it associates with numerous proteins constituting the polarity module. However, little is known about its downregulation. We describe here that oxidative stress causes Sty1-kinase-dependent Cdc42 inactivation at cell poles. Both the amount of active Cdc42 at tips and cell length inversely correlate with Sty1 activity, explaining the elongated morphology of Δsty1 cells. We have created stress-blinded cell poles either by eliminating two Cdc42 GAPs or through the constitutive tethering of Gef1 to cell tips, and we biochemically demonstrate that the GAPs Rga3/6 and the GEF Gef1 are direct substrates of Sty1. We propose that phosphorylation of Rga3/6 and Gef1 mediates the Sty1-dependent inhibition of Cdc42 at cell tips, halting polarized growth during stress adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clàudia Salat-Canela
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/ Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Carmona
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/ Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rebeca Martín-García
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica (IBFG), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Pilar Pérez
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica (IBFG), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - José Ayté
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/ Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Elena Hidalgo
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/ Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
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The Mitochondria-to-Cytosol H 2O 2 Gradient Is Caused by Peroxiredoxin-Dependent Cytosolic Scavenging. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050731. [PMID: 34066375 PMCID: PMC8148214 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent protein-based reporters used to measure intracellular H2O2 were developed to overcome the limitations of small permeable dyes. The two major families of genetically encoded redox reporters are the reduction-oxidation sensitive green fluorescent protein (roGFP)-based proteins fused to peroxiredoxins and HyPer and derivatives. We have used the most sensitive probes of each family, roGFP2-Tpx1.C169S and HyPer7, to monitor steady-state and fluctuating levels of peroxides in fission yeast. While both are able to monitor the nanomolar fluctuations of intracellular H2O2, the former is two-five times more sensitive than HyPer7, and roGFP2-Tpx1.C169S is partially oxidized in the cytosol of wild-type cells while HyPer7 is fully reduced. We have successfully expressed HyPer7 in the mitochondrial matrix, and it is ~40% oxidized, suggesting higher steady-state levels of peroxides, in the low micromolar range, than in the cytosol. Cytosolic HyPer7 can detect negligible H2O2 in the cytosol from mitochondrial origin unless the main H2O2 scavenger, the cytosolic peroxiredoxin Tpx1, is absent, while mitochondrial HyPer7 is oxidized to the same extent in wild-type and ∆tpx1 cells. We conclude that there is a bidirectional flux of H2O2 across the matrix and the cytosol, but Tpx1 rapidly and efficiently scavenges mitochondrial-generated peroxides and stops their steady-state cytosolic levels rising.
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8
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Muhtadi R, Lorenz A, Mpaulo SJ, Siebenwirth C, Scherthan H. Catalase T-Deficient Fission Yeast Meiocytes Show Resistance to Ionizing Radiation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090881. [PMID: 32957622 PMCID: PMC7555645 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental stress, reactive oxygen species (ROS), or ionizing radiation (IR) can induce adverse effects in organisms and their cells, including mutations and premature aging. DNA damage and its faulty repair can lead to cell death or promote cancer through the accumulation of mutations. Misrepair in germ cells is particularly dangerous as it may lead to alterations in developmental programs and genetic disease in the offspring. DNA damage pathways and radical defense mechanisms mediate resistance to genotoxic stresses. Here, we investigated, in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the role of the H2O2-detoxifying enzyme cytosolic catalase T (Ctt1) and the Fe2+/Mn2+ symporter Pcl1 in protecting meiotic chromosome dynamics and gamete formation from radicals generated by ROS and IR. We found that wild-type and pcl1-deficient cells respond similarly to X ray doses of up to 300 Gy, while ctt1∆ meiocytes showed a moderate sensitivity to IR but a hypersensitivity to hydrogen peroxide with cells dying at >0.4 mM H2O2. Meiocytes deficient for pcl1, on the other hand, showed a resistance to hydrogen peroxide similar to that of the wild type, surviving doses >40 mM. In all, it appears that in the absence of the main H2O2-detoxifying pathway S. pombe meiocytes are able to survive significant doses of IR-induced radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razan Muhtadi
- Institut für Radiobiologie der Bundeswehr in Verb. mit der Universität Ulm, Neuherbergstr. 11, D-80937 Munich, Germany; (R.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Alexander Lorenz
- Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS), University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK; (A.L.); (S.J.M.)
| | - Samantha J. Mpaulo
- Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS), University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK; (A.L.); (S.J.M.)
| | - Christian Siebenwirth
- Institut für Radiobiologie der Bundeswehr in Verb. mit der Universität Ulm, Neuherbergstr. 11, D-80937 Munich, Germany; (R.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Harry Scherthan
- Institut für Radiobiologie der Bundeswehr in Verb. mit der Universität Ulm, Neuherbergstr. 11, D-80937 Munich, Germany; (R.M.); (C.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-89-992692-2272
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9
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Carmona M, de Cubas L, Bautista E, Moral-Blanch M, Medraño-Fernández I, Sitia R, Boronat S, Ayté J, Hidalgo E. Monitoring cytosolic H 2O 2 fluctuations arising from altered plasma membrane gradients or from mitochondrial activity. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4526. [PMID: 31586057 PMCID: PMC6778086 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12475-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetically encoded probes monitoring H2O2 fluctuations in living organisms are key to decipher redox signaling events. Here we use a new probe, roGFP2-Tpx1.C169S, to monitor pre-toxic fluctuations of peroxides in fission yeast, where the concentrations linked to signaling or to toxicity have been established. This probe is able to detect nanomolar fluctuations of intracellular H2O2 caused by extracellular peroxides; expression of human aquaporin 8 channels H2O2 entry into fission yeast decreasing membrane gradients. The probe also detects H2O2 bursts from mitochondria after addition of electron transport chain inhibitors, the extent of probe oxidation being proportional to the mitochondrial activity. The oxidation of this probe is an indicator of steady-state levels of H2O2 in different genetic backgrounds. Metabolic reprogramming during growth in low-glucose media causes probe reduction due to the activation of antioxidant cascades. We demonstrate how peroxiredoxin-based probes can be used to monitor physiological H2O2 fluctuations. Reliable methods of measuring intracellular H2O2 fluctuations are necessary to advance redox biology. Here the authors design a H2O2 sensor based on the fission yeast peroxiredoxin Tpx1 to sense nanomolar fluctuations of intracellular H2O2 in response to genetic and environmental perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercè Carmona
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura de Cubas
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eric Bautista
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Moral-Blanch
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iria Medraño-Fernández
- Protein Transport and Secretion Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale San Raffaele, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Sitia
- Protein Transport and Secretion Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale San Raffaele, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Susanna Boronat
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Ayté
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Hidalgo
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
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10
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Marte L, Boronat S, García-Santamarina S, Ayté J, Kitamura K, Hidalgo E. Identification of ubiquitin-proteasome system components affecting the degradation of the transcription factor Pap1. Redox Biol 2019; 28:101305. [PMID: 31514053 PMCID: PMC6742857 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Signaling cascades respond to specific inputs, but also require active interventions to be maintained in their basal/inactive levels in the absence of the activating signal(s). In a screen to search for protein quality control components required for wild-type tolerance to oxidative stress in fission yeast, we have isolated eight gene deletions conferring resistance not only to H2O2 but also to caffeine. We show that dual resistance acquisition is totally or partially dependent on the transcription factor Pap1. Some gene products, such as the ribosomal-ubiquitin fusion protein Ubi1, the E2 conjugating enzyme Ubc2 or the E3 ligase Ubr1, participate in basal ubiquitin labeling of Pap1, and others, such as Rpt4, are non-essential constituents of the proteasome. We demonstrate here that basal nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling of Pap1, occurring even in the absence of stress, is sufficient for the interaction of the transcription factor with nuclear Ubr1, and we identify a 30 amino acids peptide in Pap1 as the degron for this important E3 ligase. The isolated gene deletions increase only moderately the concentration of the transcription factor, but it is sufficient to enhance basal tolerance to stress, probably by disturbing the inactive stage of this signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Marte
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/ Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susanna Boronat
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/ Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sarela García-Santamarina
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/ Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Ayté
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/ Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kenji Kitamura
- Center for Gene Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-2 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8527, Japan
| | - Elena Hidalgo
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/ Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
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11
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Salat-Canela C, Paulo E, Sánchez-Mir L, Carmona M, Ayté J, Oliva B, Hidalgo E. Deciphering the role of the signal- and Sty1 kinase-dependent phosphorylation of the stress-responsive transcription factor Atf1 on gene activation. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:13635-13644. [PMID: 28652406 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.794339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptation to stress triggers the most dramatic shift in gene expression in fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe), and this response is driven by signaling via the MAPK Sty1. Upon activation, Sty1 accumulates in the nucleus and stimulates expression of hundreds of genes via the nuclear transcription factor Atf1, including expression of atf1 itself. However, the role of stress-induced, Sty1-mediated Atf1 phosphorylation in transcriptional activation is unclear. To this end, we expressed Atf1 phosphorylation mutants from a constitutive promoter to uncouple Atf1 activity from endogenous, stress-activated Atf1 expression. We found that cells expressing a nonphosphorylatable Atf1 variant are sensitive to oxidative stress because of impaired transcription of a subset of stress genes whose expression is also controlled by another transcription factor, Pap1. Furthermore, cells expressing a phospho-mimicking Atf1 mutant display enhanced stress resistance, and although expression of the Pap1-dependent genes still relied on stress induction, another subset of stress-responsive genes was constitutively expressed in these cells. We also observed that, in cells expressing the phospho-mimicking Atf1 mutant, the presence of Sty1 was completely dispensable, with all stress defects of Sty1-deficient cells being suppressed by expression of the Atf1 mutant. We further demonstrated that Sty1-mediated Atf1 phosphorylation does not stimulate binding of Atf1 to DNA but, rather, establishes a platform of interactions with the basal transcriptional machinery to facilitate transcription initiation. In summary, our results provide evidence that Atf1 phosphorylation by the MAPK Sty1 is required for oxidative stress responses in fission yeast cells by promoting transcription initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Esther Paulo
- From the Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group and
| | | | | | - José Ayté
- From the Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group and
| | - Baldo Oliva
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory (GRIB), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/ Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Global Fitness Profiling Identifies Arsenic and Cadmium Tolerance Mechanisms in Fission Yeast. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2016; 6:3317-3333. [PMID: 27558664 PMCID: PMC5068951 DOI: 10.1534/g3.116.033829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals and metalloids such as cadmium [Cd(II)] and arsenic [As(III)] are widespread environmental toxicants responsible for multiple adverse health effects in humans. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying metal-induced cytotoxicity and carcinogenesis, as well as the detoxification and tolerance pathways, are incompletely understood. Here, we use global fitness profiling by barcode sequencing to quantitatively survey the Schizosaccharomyces pombe haploid deletome for genes that confer tolerance of cadmium or arsenic. We identified 106 genes required for cadmium resistance and 110 genes required for arsenic resistance, with a highly significant overlap of 36 genes. A subset of these 36 genes account for almost all proteins required for incorporating sulfur into the cysteine-rich glutathione and phytochelatin peptides that chelate cadmium and arsenic. A requirement for Mms19 is explained by its role in directing iron–sulfur cluster assembly into sulfite reductase as opposed to promoting DNA repair, as DNA damage response genes were not enriched among those required for cadmium or arsenic tolerance. Ubiquinone, siroheme, and pyridoxal 5′-phosphate biosynthesis were also identified as critical for Cd/As tolerance. Arsenic-specific pathways included prefoldin-mediated assembly of unfolded proteins and protein targeting to the peroxisome, whereas cadmium-specific pathways included plasma membrane and vacuolar transporters, as well as Spt–Ada–Gcn5-acetyltransferase (SAGA) transcriptional coactivator that controls expression of key genes required for cadmium tolerance. Notable differences are apparent with corresponding screens in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, underscoring the utility of analyzing toxic metal defense mechanisms in both organisms.
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13
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Tomalin LE, Day AM, Underwood ZE, Smith GR, Dalle Pezze P, Rallis C, Patel W, Dickinson BC, Bähler J, Brewer TF, Chang CJL, Shanley DP, Veal EA. Increasing extracellular H2O2 produces a bi-phasic response in intracellular H2O2, with peroxiredoxin hyperoxidation only triggered once the cellular H2O2-buffering capacity is overwhelmed. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 95:333-48. [PMID: 26944189 PMCID: PMC4891068 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species, such as H2O2, can damage cells but also promote fundamental processes, including growth, differentiation and migration. The mechanisms allowing cells to differentially respond to toxic or signaling H2O2 levels are poorly defined. Here we reveal that increasing external H2O2 produces a bi-phasic response in intracellular H2O2. Peroxiredoxins (Prx) are abundant peroxidases which protect against genome instability, ageing and cancer. We have developed a dynamic model simulating in vivo changes in Prx oxidation. Remarkably, we show that the thioredoxin peroxidase activity of Prx does not provide any significant protection against external rises in H2O2. Instead, our model and experimental data are consistent with low levels of extracellular H2O2 being efficiently buffered by other thioredoxin-dependent activities, including H2O2-reactive cysteines in the thiol-proteome. We show that when extracellular H2O2 levels overwhelm this buffering capacity, the consequent rise in intracellular H2O2 triggers hyperoxidation of Prx to thioredoxin-resistant, peroxidase-inactive form/s. Accordingly, Prx hyperoxidation signals that H2O2 defenses are breached, diverting thioredoxin to repair damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis Elwood Tomalin
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Alison Michelle Day
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Zoe Elizabeth Underwood
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Graham Robert Smith
- Bioinformatics Support Unit, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Piero Dalle Pezze
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Charalampos Rallis
- University College London, Department of Genetics, Evolution & Environment and Institute of Healthy Ageing, Gower Street - Darwin Building, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Waseema Patel
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | | | - Jürg Bähler
- University College London, Department of Genetics, Evolution & Environment and Institute of Healthy Ageing, Gower Street - Darwin Building, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Thomas Francis Brewer
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Departments of Chemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Christopher Joh-Leung Chang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Departments of Chemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Daryl Pierson Shanley
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Elizabeth Ann Veal
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
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14
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Illner D, Lorenz A, Scherthan H. Meiotic chromosome mobility in fission yeast is resistant to environmental stress. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24222. [PMID: 27074839 PMCID: PMC4831013 DOI: 10.1038/srep24222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of healthy gametes requires pairing of homologous chromosomes (homologs) as a prerequisite for their correct segregation during meiosis. Initially, homolog alignment is promoted by meiotic chromosome movements feeding into intimate homolog pairing by homologous recombination and/or synaptonemal complex formation. Meiotic chromosome movements in the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, depend on astral microtubule dynamics that drag the nucleus through the zygote; known as horsetail movement. The response of microtubule-led meiotic chromosome movements to environmental stresses such as ionizing irradiation (IR) and associated reactive oxygen species (ROS) is not known. Here, we show that, in contrast to budding yeast, the horsetail movement is largely radiation-resistant, which is likely mediated by a potent antioxidant defense. IR exposure of sporulating S. pombe cells induced misrepair and irreparable DNA double strand breaks causing chromosome fragmentation, missegregation and gamete death. Comparing radiation outcome in fission and budding yeast, and studying meiosis with poisoned microtubules indicates that the increased gamete death after IR is innate to fission yeast. Inhibition of meiotic chromosome mobility in the face of IR failed to influence the course of DSB repair, indicating that paralysis of meiotic chromosome mobility in a genotoxic environment is not a universal response among species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Illner
- Institut für Radiobiologie der Bundeswehr in Verbindung mit der Universität Ulm, Neuherbergstr. 11, D-80937 München, Germany
| | - Alexander Lorenz
- Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS), University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Harry Scherthan
- Institut für Radiobiologie der Bundeswehr in Verbindung mit der Universität Ulm, Neuherbergstr. 11, D-80937 München, Germany
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15
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Pluskal T, Sajiki K, Becker J, Takeda K, Yanagida M. Diverse fission yeast genes required for responding to oxidative and metal stress: Comparative analysis of glutathione-related and other defense gene deletions. Genes Cells 2016; 21:530-42. [PMID: 27005325 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Living organisms have evolved multiple sophisticated mechanisms to deal with reactive oxygen species. We constructed a collection of twelve single-gene deletion strains of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe designed for the study of oxidative and heavy metal stress responses. This collection contains deletions of biosynthetic enzymes of glutathione (Δgcs1 and Δgsa1), phytochelatin (Δpcs2), ubiquinone (Δabc1) and ergothioneine (Δegt1), as well as catalase (Δctt1), thioredoxins (Δtrx1 and Δtrx2), Cu/Zn- and Mn- superoxide dismutases (SODs; Δsod1 and Δsod2), sulfiredoxin (Δsrx1) and sulfide-quinone oxidoreductase (Δhmt2). First, we employed metabolomic analysis to examine the mutants of the glutathione biosynthetic pathway. We found that ophthalmic acid was produced by the same enzymes as glutathione in S. pombe. The identical genetic background of the strains allowed us to assess the severity of the individual gene knockouts by treating the deletion strains with oxidative agents. Among other results, we found that glutathione deletion strains were not particularly sensitive to peroxide or superoxide, but highly sensitive to cadmium stress. Our results show the astonishing diversity in cellular adaptation mechanisms to various types of oxidative and metal stress and provide a useful tool for further research into stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Pluskal
- G0 Cell Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), Onna, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Kenichi Sajiki
- G0 Cell Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), Onna, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Joanne Becker
- G0 Cell Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), Onna, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Kojiro Takeda
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering and Institute for Integrative Neurobiology, Konan University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Yanagida
- G0 Cell Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), Onna, Okinawa, Japan
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16
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García P, Encinar Del Dedo J, Ayté J, Hidalgo E. Genome-wide Screening of Regulators of Catalase Expression: ROLE OF A TRANSCRIPTION COMPLEX AND HISTONE AND tRNA MODIFICATION COMPLEXES ON ADAPTATION TO STRESS. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:790-9. [PMID: 26567340 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.696658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to environmental cues, the mitogen-activated protein kinase Sty1-driven signaling cascade activates hundreds of genes to induce a robust anti-stress cellular response in fission yeast. Thus, upon stress imposition Sty1 transiently accumulates in the nucleus where it up-regulates transcription through the Atf1 transcription factor. Several regulators of transcription and translation have been identified as important to mount an integral response to oxidative stress, such as the Spt-Ada-Gcn5-acetyl transferase or Elongator complexes, respectively. With the aim of identifying new regulators of this massive gene expression program, we have used a GFP-based protein reporter and screened a fission yeast deletion collection using flow cytometry. We find that the levels of catalase fused to GFP, both before and after a threat of peroxides, are altered in hundreds of strains lacking components of chromatin modifiers, transcription complexes, and modulators of translation. Thus, the transcription elongation complex Paf1, the histone methylase Set1-COMPASS, and the translation-related Trm112 dimers are all involved in full expression of Ctt1-GFP and in wild-type tolerance to peroxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia García
- From the Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/ Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Encinar Del Dedo
- From the Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/ Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Ayté
- From the Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/ Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Hidalgo
- From the Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/ Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
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