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Johansen MD, Spaink HP, Oehlers SH, Kremer L. Modeling nontuberculous mycobacterial infections in zebrafish. Trends Microbiol 2024; 32:663-677. [PMID: 38135617 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2023.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of infections due to nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) has increased rapidly in recent years, surpassing tuberculosis in developed countries. Due to inherent antimicrobial resistance, NTM infections are particularly difficult to treat with low cure rates. There is an urgent need to understand NTM pathogenesis and to develop novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of NTM diseases. Zebrafish have emerged as an excellent animal model due to genetic amenability and optical transparency during embryonic development, allowing spatiotemporal visualization of host-pathogen interactions. Furthermore, adult zebrafish possess fully functional innate and adaptive immunity and recapitulate important pathophysiological hallmarks of mycobacterial infection. Here, we report recent breakthroughs in understanding the hallmarks of NTM infections using the zebrafish model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt D Johansen
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Herman P Spaink
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan H Oehlers
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Laurent Kremer
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier, France; INSERM, IRIM, 34293 Montpellier, France.
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2
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Kilinç G, Boland R, Heemskerk MT, Spaink HP, Haks MC, van der Vaart M, Ottenhoff THM, Meijer AH, Saris A. Host-directed therapy with amiodarone in preclinical models restricts mycobacterial infection and enhances autophagy. Microbiol Spectr 2024:e0016724. [PMID: 38916320 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00167-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) as well as nontuberculous mycobacteria are intracellular pathogens whose treatment is extensive and increasingly impaired due to the rise of mycobacterial drug resistance. The loss of antibiotic efficacy has raised interest in the identification of host-directed therapeutics (HDT) to develop novel treatment strategies for mycobacterial infections. In this study, we identified amiodarone as a potential HDT candidate that inhibited both intracellular Mtb and Mycobacterium avium in primary human macrophages without directly impairing bacterial growth, thereby confirming that amiodarone acts in a host-mediated manner. Moreover, amiodarone induced the formation of (auto)phagosomes and enhanced autophagic targeting of mycobacteria in macrophages. The induction of autophagy by amiodarone is likely due to enhanced transcriptional regulation, as the nuclear intensity of the transcription factor EB, the master regulator of autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis, was strongly increased. Furthermore, blocking lysosomal degradation with bafilomycin impaired the host-beneficial effect of amiodarone. Finally, amiodarone induced autophagy and reduced bacterial burden in a zebrafish embryo model of tuberculosis, thereby confirming the HDT activity of amiodarone in vivo. In conclusion, we have identified amiodarone as an autophagy-inducing antimycobacterial HDT that improves host control of mycobacterial infections. IMPORTANCE Due to the global rise in antibiotic resistance, there is a strong need for alternative treatment strategies against intracellular bacterial infections, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and non-tuberculous mycobacteria. Stimulating host defense mechanisms by host-directed therapy (HDT) is a promising approach for treating mycobacterial infections. This study identified amiodarone, an antiarrhythmic agent, as a potential HDT candidate that inhibits the survival of Mtb and Mycobacterium avium in primary human macrophages. The antimycobacterial effect of amiodarone was confirmed in an in vivo tuberculosis model based on Mycobacterium marinum infection of zebrafish embryos. Furthermore, amiodarone induced autophagy and inhibition of the autophagic flux effectively impaired the host-protective effect of amiodarone, supporting that activation of the host (auto)phagolysosomal pathway is essential for the mechanism of action of amiodarone. In conclusion, we have identified amiodarone as an autophagy-inducing HDT that improves host control of a wide range of mycobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gül Kilinç
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ralf Boland
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Matthias T Heemskerk
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Herman P Spaink
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Mariëlle C Haks
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Tom H M Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Anno Saris
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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3
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Lim CX, Redl A, Kleissl L, Pandey RV, Mayerhofer C, El Jammal T, Mazic M, Gonzales K, Sukhbaatar N, Krausgruber T, Bock C, Hengstschläger M, Calender A, Pacheco Y, Stary G, Weichhart T. Aberrant Lipid Metabolism in Macrophages Is Associated with Granuloma Formation in Sarcoidosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2024; 209:1152-1164. [PMID: 38353578 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202307-1273oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Chronic sarcoidosis is a complex granulomatous disease with limited treatment options that can progress over time. Understanding the molecular pathways contributing to disease would aid in new therapeutic development. Objectives: To understand whether macrophages from patients with nonresolving chronic sarcoidosis are predisposed to macrophage aggregation and granuloma formation and whether modulation of the underlying molecular pathways influence sarcoidosis granuloma formation. Methods: Macrophages were cultivated in vitro from isolated peripheral blood CD14+ monocytes and evaluated for spontaneous aggregation. Transcriptomics analyses and phenotypic and drug inhibitory experiments were performed on these monocyte-derived macrophages. Human skin biopsies from patients with sarcoidosis and a myeloid Tsc2-specific sarcoidosis mouse model were analyzed for validatory experiments. Measurements and Main Results: Monocyte-derived macrophages from patients with chronic sarcoidosis spontaneously formed extensive granulomas in vitro compared with healthy control participants. Transcriptomic analyses separated healthy and sarcoidosis macrophages and identified an enrichment in lipid metabolic processes. In vitro patient granulomas, sarcoidosis mouse model granulomas, and those directly analyzed from lesional patient skin expressed an aberrant lipid metabolism profile and contained increased neutral lipids. Conversely, a combination of statins and cholesterol-reducing agents reduced granuloma formation both in vitro and in vivo in a sarcoidosis mouse model. Conclusions: Together, our findings show that altered lipid metabolism in sarcoidosis macrophages is associated with its predisposition to granuloma formation and suggest cholesterol-reducing therapies as a treatment option in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarice X Lim
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics
| | - Anna Redl
- Department of Dermatology, and
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa Kleissl
- Department of Dermatology, and
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Thomas El Jammal
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, CNRS UMR5305, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, IBCP, Lyon, France; and
| | - Mario Mazic
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics
| | - Karine Gonzales
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics
| | | | - Thomas Krausgruber
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Center for Medical Data Science, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Bock
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Center for Medical Data Science, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Alain Calender
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, CNRS UMR5305, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, IBCP, Lyon, France; and
- Department of Genetics, Hospices Civils de Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bron, France
| | - Yves Pacheco
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, CNRS UMR5305, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, IBCP, Lyon, France; and
| | - Georg Stary
- Department of Dermatology, and
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Weichhart
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics
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4
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Xie J, Meijer AH. Xenophagy receptors Optn and p62 and autophagy modulator Dram1 independently promote the zebrafish host defense against Mycobacterium marinum. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 13:1331818. [PMID: 38264729 PMCID: PMC10803470 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1331818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Anti-bacterial autophagy, also known as xenophagy, is a crucial innate immune process that helps maintain cellular homeostasis by targeting invading microbes. This defense pathway is widely studied in the context of infections with mycobacteria, the causative agents of human tuberculosis and tuberculosis-like disease in animal models. Our previous work in a zebrafish tuberculosis model showed that host defense against Mycobacterium marinum (Mm) is impaired by deficiencies in xenophagy receptors, optineurin (Optn) or sequestome 1 (p62), and Damage-regulated autophagy modulator 1 (Dram1). However, the interdependency of these receptors and their interaction with Dram1 remained unknown. In the present study, we used single and double knockout zebrafish lines in combination with overexpression experiments. We show that Optn and p62 can compensate for the loss of each other's function, as their overexpression restores the infection susceptibility of the mutant phenotypes. Similarly, Dram1 can compensate for deficiencies in Optn and p62, and, vice versa, Optn and p62 compensate for the loss of Dram1, indicating that these xenophagy receptors and Dram1 do not rely on each other for host defense against Mm. In agreement, Dram1 overexpression in optn/p62 double mutants restored the interaction of autophagosome marker Lc3 with Mm. Finally, optn/p62 double mutants displayed more severe infection susceptibility than the single mutants. Taken together, these results suggest that Optn and p62 do not function downstream of each other in the anti-mycobacterial xenophagy pathway, and that the Dram1-mediated defense against Mm infection does not rely on specific xenophagy receptors.
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Leseigneur C, Buchrieser C. Modelling Legionnaires' disease: Lessons learned from invertebrate and vertebrate animal models. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151369. [PMID: 37926040 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of virulence of Legionella pneumophila and its interactions with its hosts has been predominantly conducted in cellulo in the past decades. Although easy to implement and allowing the dissection of molecular pathways underlying host-pathogen interactions, these cellular models fail to provide conditions of the complex environments encountered by the bacteria during the infection of multicellular organisms. To improve our understanding of human infection, several animal models have been developed. This review provides an overview of the invertebrate and vertebrate models that have been established to study L. pneumophila infection and that are alternatives to the classical mouse model, which does not recall human infection with L. pneumophila well. Finally we provide insight in the main contributions made by these models along with their pros and cons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarisse Leseigneur
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Biologie des Bactéries Intracellulaires, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Carmen Buchrieser
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Biologie des Bactéries Intracellulaires, 75724 Paris, France.
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Huang X, Chu C, Shi C, Zhang J, Yan B, Shan F, Wang D, Shi Y, Peng C, Tang BZ. Seeing is believing: Efficiency evaluation of multifunctional ionic-dependent AIEgens for tuberculosis. Biomaterials 2023; 302:122301. [PMID: 37690379 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), remains a significant public health threat with high rates of infection and mortality. Rapid and reliable theranostics of TB are essential to control transmission and shorten treatment duration. In this study, we report two cationic aggregation-inducing emission luminogens (AIEgens) named TTVP and TTPy, which have different functional charged moieties, to investigate their potential for simultaneous tracing and photodynamic therapy in TB infection. TTVP and TTPy exhibit intrinsic positive charges, excellent water solubility, and near-infrared (NIR) emission. Based on ionic-function relationships, TTVP, with more positive charges, demonstrates a stronger binding affinity to Mycobacterium marinum (M.m), (a close genetic relative of Mtb), compared to TTPy. Both TTVP and TTPy exhibit high efficiency in generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) when exposed to white light irradiation, enabling effective photodynamic killing of M.m in vitro. Additionally, we achieved long-term, real-time, noninvasive, continuous tracing, and evaluated therapeutic performance in vivo. Notably, TTVP outperformed TTPy in intracellular killing of M.m, suggesting a possible correlation between the labeling and photodynamic killing abilities of AIEgens. These findings provide valuable insights and a design basis for cationic AIEgens in TB research, offering potential advancements in TB theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueni Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Radiology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Chengshengze Chu
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
| | - Chunzi Shi
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Jiulong Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Bo Yan
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Fei Shan
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Center for AIE Research, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Yuxin Shi
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China.
| | - Chen Peng
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China.
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China.
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7
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Hunter L, Ruedas-Torres I, Agulló-Ros I, Rayner E, Salguero FJ. Comparative pathology of experimental pulmonary tuberculosis in animal models. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1264833. [PMID: 37901102 PMCID: PMC10602689 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1264833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Research in human tuberculosis (TB) is limited by the availability of human tissues from patients, which is often altered by therapy and treatment. Thus, the use of animal models is a key tool in increasing our understanding of the pathogenesis, disease progression and preclinical evaluation of new therapies and vaccines. The granuloma is the hallmark lesion of pulmonary tuberculosis, regardless of the species or animal model used. Although animal models may not fully replicate all the histopathological characteristics observed in natural, human TB disease, each one brings its own attributes which enable researchers to answer specific questions regarding TB immunopathogenesis. This review delves into the pulmonary pathology induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) bacteria in different animal models (non-human primates, rodents, guinea pigs, rabbits, cattle, goats, and others) and compares how they relate to the pulmonary disease described in humans. Although the described models have demonstrated some histopathological features in common with human pulmonary TB, these data should be considered carefully in the context of this disease. Further research is necessary to establish the most appropriate model for the study of TB, and to carry out a standard characterisation and score of pulmonary lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hunter
- Pathology Department, UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Inés Ruedas-Torres
- Pathology Department, UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Irene Agulló-Ros
- Pathology Department, UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Emma Rayner
- Pathology Department, UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Francisco J. Salguero
- Pathology Department, UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
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8
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van Alen I, Aguirre García MA, Maaskant JJ, Kuijl CP, Bitter W, Meijer AH, Ubbink M. Mycobacterium tuberculosis β-lactamase variant reduces sensitivity to ampicillin/avibactam in a zebrafish-Mycobacterium marinum model of tuberculosis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15406. [PMID: 37717068 PMCID: PMC10505137 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42152-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The β-lactamase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, BlaC, hydrolyzes β-lactam antibiotics, hindering the use of these antibiotics for the treatment of tuberculosis. Inhibitors, such as avibactam, can reversibly inhibit the enzyme, allowing for the development of combination therapies using both antibiotic and inhibitor. However, laboratory evolution studies using Escherichia coli resulted in the discovery of single amino acid variants of BlaC that reduce the sensitivity for inhibitors or show higher catalytic efficiency against antibiotics. Here, we tested these BlaC variants under more physiological conditions using the M. marinum infection model of zebrafish, which recapitulates hallmark features of tuberculosis, including the intracellular persistence of mycobacteria in macrophages and the induction of granuloma formation. To this end, the M. tuberculosis blaC gene was integrated into the chromosome of a blaC frameshift mutant of M. marinum. Subsequently, the resulting strains were used to infect zebrafish embryos in order to test the combinatorial effect of ampicillin and avibactam. The results show that embryos infected with an M. marinum strain producing BlaC show lower infection levels after treatment than untreated embryos. Additionally, BlaC K234R showed higher infection levels after treatment than those infected with bacteria producing the wild-type enzyme, demonstrating that the zebrafish host is less sensitive to the combinatorial therapy of β-lactam antibiotic and inhibitor. These findings are of interest for future development of combination therapies to treat tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona van Alen
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mayra A Aguirre García
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Janneke J Maaskant
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Coenraad P Kuijl
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wilbert Bitter
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Section of Molecular Microbiology, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annemarie H Meijer
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marcellus Ubbink
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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9
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Gao Y, Li J, Guo X, Guan L, Wang J, Huang X, Wang W, Yang H. L-Tyrosine Limits Mycobacterial Survival in Tuberculous Granuloma. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12050654. [PMID: 37242324 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12050654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Caused by the intracellular pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), tuberculosis (TB) remains a massive global public health issue. A well-known and key TB trait is caseous necrotic granuloma, which allows mycobacteria to reactivate and disseminate, thus confounding TB eradication programs. Amino acid (AA) metabolism is key to regulating immune responses in Mtb infections; however, it is currently unclear if AAs can be used to treat tuberculous granulomas. Here, we screened 20 proteinogenic AAs using a Mycobacterium marinum-infected zebrafish granuloma model. Only L-tyrosine simultaneously reduced Mycobacterium marinum (M. marinum) levels in zebrafish larvae and adults and inhibited intracellular pathogen survival levels. Mechanistically, L-tyrosine significantly upregulated interferon-γ (IFN-γ) expression in M. marinum -infected zebrafish adults but not in larvae. Using N-acetylcysteine (NAC) to inhibit reactive oxygen species (ROS), L-tyrosine appeared to inhibit Mtb intracellular survival by promoting ROS production. Thus, L-tyrosine as a non-essential AA may reduce mycobacterial survival in both macrophages and tuberculous granulomas. Our research provides a platform for the clinical development of AAs for active or latent TB patients infected with drug-sensitive or drug-resistant Mtb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxian Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jiaqing Li
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xinya Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Liru Guan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaochen Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, China
| | - Hua Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
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10
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Pyrogallol downregulates the expression of virulence-associated proteins in Acinetobacter baumannii and showing anti-infection activity by improving non-specific immune response in zebrafish model. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 226:853-869. [PMID: 36526063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii, a virulent uropathogen with widespread antibiotic resistance, has arisen as a critical scientific challenge, necessitating the development of innovative therapeutic agents. This is the first study reveal the proteomic changes in A. baumannii upon pyrogallol treatment for understanding the mechanisms using nano-LC-MS/MS-based quantitative proteomics and qPCR analysis. The obtained results found that pyrogallol treatment dramatically downregulated the expression level of several key proteins such as GroEL, DnaK, ClpB, SodB, KatE, Bap, CsuA/B, PgaA, PgaC, BfmR, OmpA, and SecA in A. baumannii, which are involved in chaperone-mediated oxidative stress responses, antioxidant defence system, biofilm formation, virulence enzyme production, bacterial adhesion, capsule formation, and antibiotic resistance. Accordingly, the pyrogallol dramatically enhanced the lifespan of A. baumannii-infected zebrafish by inhibiting bacterial colonization, demonstrating the anti-infective potential of pyrogallol against A. baumannii. Further, the histopathological results also demonstrated the disease protection efficacy of pyrogallol against the pathognomonic sign of A. baumannii infection. In addition, the pyrogallol treatment effectively improved the immune parameters such as serum myeloperoxidase activity, leukocyte respiratory burst activity, and serum lysozyme activity in zebrafish against A. baumannii infection. Based on the results, the present study strongly proposes pyrogallol as a promising therapeutic agent for treating A. baumannii infection.
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11
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Li YY, Liu HM, Wang D, Lu Y, Ding C, Zhou LS, Wu XY, Zhou ZW, Xu SQ, Lin C, Qin LH, Li Y, Liu J, Liu HP, Zhang L. Arabinogalactan enhances Mycobacterium marinum virulence by suppressing host innate immune responses. Front Immunol 2022; 13:879775. [PMID: 36090984 PMCID: PMC9459032 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.879775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Arabinogalactan (AG) participates in forming the cell wall core of mycobacteria, a structure known as the mAGP complex. Few studies have reported the virulence of inartificial AG or its interaction with the host immune system. Using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats interference gene editing technology, conditional Mycobacterium marinum mutants were constructed with a low expression of embA or glfT2 (EmbA_KD or GlfT2_KD), which are separately involved in the biosynthesis of AG arabinose and galactose domains. High-performance gel permeation chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography assays confirmed that the EmbA_KD strain showed a remarkable decrease in AG content with fragmentary arabinose chains, and the GlfT2_KD strain displayed less reduction in content with cut-down galactose chains. Based on transmission and scanning electron microscopy observations, the cell walls of the two mutants were found to be dramatically thickened, and the boundaries of different layers were more distinct. Phenotypes including the over-secretion of extracellular substances and enhanced spreading motility with a concomitant decreased resistance to ethambutol appeared in the EmbA_KD strain. The EmbA_KD and GlfT2_KD strains displayed limited intracellular proliferation after infecting murine J774A.1 macrophages. The disease progression infected with the EmbA_KD or GlfT2_KD strain significantly slowed down in zebrafish/murine tail infection models as well. Through transcriptome profiling, macrophages infected by EmbA_KD/GlfT2_KD strains showed enhanced oxidative metabolism. The cell survival measured using the CCK8 assay of macrophages exposed to the EmbA_KD strain was upregulated and consistent with the pathway enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes in terms of cell cycle/apoptosis. The overexpression of C/EBPβ and the increasing secretion of proinflammatory cytokines were validated in the macrophages infected by the EmbA_KD mutant. In conclusion, the AG of Mycobacterium appears to restrain the host innate immune responses to enhance intracellular proliferation by interfering with oxidative metabolism and causing macrophage death. The arabinose chains of AG influence the Mycobacterium virulence and pathogenicity to a greater extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-yu Li
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Han-Mei Liu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Decheng Wang
- School of Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cairong Ding
- School of Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Li-Shuang Zhou
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Wu
- Shanghai Key Lab of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-Wei Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-qin Xu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Lin
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lian-Hua Qin
- Shanghai Key Lab of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Jun Liu, ; Hai-Peng Liu, ; Lu Zhang,
| | - Hai-Peng Liu
- Shanghai Key Lab of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Liu, ; Hai-Peng Liu, ; Lu Zhang,
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Liu, ; Hai-Peng Liu, ; Lu Zhang,
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Hartland EL. Emerging technologies in microbiology. Mol Microbiol 2022; 117:551-552. [PMID: 35303397 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth L Hartland
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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