1
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Shi L, Zhou X, Qi P. Resin Acid Copper Salt, an Interesting Chemical Pesticide, Controls Rice Bacterial Leaf Blight by Regulating Bacterial Biofilm, Motility, and Extracellular Enzymes. Molecules 2024; 29:4297. [PMID: 39339292 PMCID: PMC11434517 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29184297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial virulence plays an important role in infection. Antibacterial virulence factors are effective for preventing crop bacterial diseases. Resin acid copper salt as an effective inhibitor exhibited excellent anti-Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) activity with an EC50 of 50.0 μg mL-1. Resin acid copper salt (RACS) can reduce extracellular polysaccharides' (EPS's) biosynthesis by down-regulating gumB relative expression. RACS can also effectively inhibit the bio-mass of Xoo biofilm. It can reduce the activity of Xoo extracellular amylase at a concentration of 100 μg mL-1. Meanwhile, the results of virtual computing suggested that RACS is an enzyme inhibitor. RACS displayed good curative activity with a control effect of 38.5%. Furthermore, the result of the phytotoxicity assessment revealed that RACS exhibited slight toxicity compared with the control at a concentration of 200 μg mL-1. The curative effect was increased to 45.0% using an additional antimicrobial agent like orange peel essential oil. RACS markedly inhibited bacterial pathogenicity at a concentration of 100 μg mL-1 in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Shi
- Guizhou Province Engineering Research Center of Medical Resourceful Healthcare Products, College of Pharmacy, Guiyang Healthcare Vocational University, Guiyang 550081, China;
| | - Xiang Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Puying Qi
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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2
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Roberts CS, Shannon AB, Korotkov KV, Sandkvist M. Differential processing of VesB by two rhomboid proteases in Vibrio cholerae. mBio 2024; 15:e0127024. [PMID: 39136457 PMCID: PMC11389362 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01270-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Rhomboid proteases are universally conserved and facilitate the proteolysis of peptide bonds within or adjacent to cell membranes. While eukaryotic rhomboid proteases have been demonstrated to harbor unique cellular roles, prokaryotic members have been far less characterized. For the first time, we demonstrate that Vibrio cholerae expresses two active rhomboid proteases that cleave a shared substrate at distinct sites, resulting in differential localization of the processed protein. The rhomboid protease rhombosortase (RssP) was previously found to process a novel C-terminal domain called GlyGly-CTERM, as demonstrated by its effect on the extracellular serine protease VesB during its transport through the V. cholerae cell envelope. Here, we characterize the substrate specificity of RssP and GlpG, the universally conserved bacterial rhomboid proteases. We show that RssP has distinct cleavage specificity from GlpG, and specific residues within the GlyGly-CTERM of VesB target it to RssP over GlpG, allowing for efficient proteolysis. RssP cleaves VesB within its transmembrane domain, whereas GlpG cleaves outside the membrane in a disordered loop that precedes the GlyGly-CTERM. Cleavage of VesB by RssP initially targets VesB to the bacterial cell surface and, subsequently, to outer membrane vesicles, while GlpG cleavage results in secreted, fully soluble VesB. Collectively, this work builds on the molecular understanding of rhomboid proteolysis and provides the basis for additional rhomboid substrate recognition while also demonstrating a unique role of RssP in the maturation of proteins containing a GlyGly-CTERM. IMPORTANCE Despite a great deal of insight into the eukaryotic homologs, bacterial rhomboid proteases have been relatively understudied. Our research aims to understand the function of two rhomboid proteases in Vibrio cholerae. This work is significant because it will help us better understand the catalytic mechanism of rhomboid proteases as a whole and assign a specific role to a unique subfamily whose function is to process a subset of effector molecules secreted by V. cholerae and other pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron S Roberts
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Austin B Shannon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Konstantin V Korotkov
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Maria Sandkvist
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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3
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Qi P, Zhang D, Zhang Y, Zhu W, Du X, Ma X, Xiao C, Lin Y, Xie J, Cheng J, Fu Y, Jiang D, Yu X, Li B. Ubiquitination and degradation of plant helper NLR by the Ralstonia solanacearum effector RipV2 overcome tomato bacterial wilt resistance. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114596. [PMID: 39110591 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The Ralstonia solanacearum species complex causes bacterial wilt in a variety of crops. Tomato cultivar Hawaii 7996 is a widely used resistance resource; however, the resistance is evaded by virulent strains, with the underlying mechanisms still unknown. Here, we report that the phylotype Ⅱ strain ES5-1 can overcome Hawaii 7996 resistance. RipV2, a type Ⅲ effector specific to phylotype Ⅱ strains, is vital in overcoming tomato resistance. RipV2, which encodes an E3 ubiquitin ligase, suppresses immune responses and Toll/interleukin-1 receptor/resistance nucleotide-binding/leucine-rich repeat (NLR) (TNL)-mediated cell death. Tomato helper NLR N requirement gene 1 (NRG1), enhanced disease susceptibility 1 (EDS1), and senescence-associated gene 101b (SAG101b) are identified as RipV2 target proteins. RipV2 is essential for ES5-1 virulence in Hawaii 7996 but not in SlNRG1-silenced tomato, demonstrating SlNRG1 to be an RipV2 virulence target. Our results dissect the mechanisms of RipV2 in disrupting immunity and highlight the importance of converged immune components in conferring bacterial wilt resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Wanting Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Xinya Du
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Chunfang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yang Lin
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Jiatao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Jiasen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yanping Fu
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Daohong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
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Qu H, Leng H, Luo Q, Tan H, Zheng D. PhoB-regulated phosphate assimilation of Ralstonia solanacearum is cross-activated by VsrB in Pi-abundant rich medium. Microbiol Res 2024; 285:127772. [PMID: 38797110 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Ralstonia solanacearum is a devastating phytopathogen infecting a broad range of economically important crops. Phosphate (Pi) homeostasis and assimilation play a critical role in the environmental adaptation and pathogenicity of many bacteria. However, the Pi assimilation regulatory mechanism of R. solanacearum remains unknown. This study revealed that R. solanacearum pstSCAB-phoU-phoBR operon expression is sensitive to extracellular Pi concentration, with higher expression under Pi-limiting conditions. The PhoB-PhoR fine-tunes the Pi-responsive expression of the Pho regulon genes, demonstrating its pivotal role in Pi assimilation. By contrast, neither PhoB, PhoR, PhoU, nor PstS was found to be essential for virulence on tomato plants. Surprisingly, the PhoB regulon is activated in a Pi-abundant rich medium. Results showed that histidine kinase VsrB, which is known for the exopolysaccharide production regulation, partially mediates PhoB activation in the Pi-abundant rich medium. The 271 histidine of VsrB is vital for this activation. This cross-activation mechanism between the VsrB and PhoB-PhoR systems suggests the carbohydrate-Pi metabolism coordination in R. solanacearum. Overall, this research provides new insights into the complex regulatory interplay between Pi metabolism and growth in R. solanacearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Qu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agro-product Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Haitao Leng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agro-product Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Qiaoxian Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agro-product Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Huihua Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agro-product Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Dehong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agro-product Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China.
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Bing H, Qi C, Gu J, Zhao T, Yu X, Cai Y, Zhang Y, Li A, Wang X, Zhao J, Xiang W. Isolation and identification of NEAU-CP5: A seed-endophytic strain of B. velezensis that controls tomato bacterial wilt. Microb Pathog 2024; 192:106707. [PMID: 38777241 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial wilt of tomato caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is a critical soilborne disease that drastically reduces yield. In the current study, an endophytic strain NEAU-CP5 with strong antagonistic activity against R. solanacearum was isolated from tomato seeds and characterized. The strain was identified as Bacillus velezensis based on 16S rRNA gene and whole genome sequence analysis. NEAU-CP5 can secrete amylase, protease, and cellulase, and also produce known antibacterial metabolites, including cyclo (leucylprolyl), cyclo (phenylalanyl-prolyl), cyclo (Pro-Gly), 3-benzyl-2,5-piperazinedione, pentadecanoic acid, eicosane, 2-methyoic acid, isovaleric acid, dibuty phthalate, and esters of fatty acids (HFDU), which may be responsible for its strong antibacterial activity. Fourteen gene clusters associated with antibacterial properties were also identified in the whole genome sequence of NEAU-CP5. Pot experiment demonstrated that the application of 108 CFU/mL NEAU-CP5 on tomato plants significantly reduced the incidence of tomato bacterial wilt by 68.36 ± 1.67 %. NEAU-CP5 also increased the activity of defense-related enzymes (CAT, POD, PPO, SOD, and PAL) in tomato plants. This is the first report of an effective control of bacterial wilt on tomato plants by B. velezensis and highlights the potential of NEAU-CP5 as a potential biocontrol agent for the management of tomato bacterial wilt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Bing
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Cuiping Qi
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Jinzhao Gu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Tianxin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Yang Cai
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Yance Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Ailin Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Xiangjing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, PR China; State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Junwei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
| | - Wensheng Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, PR China; State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
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6
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Wang R, Li B, Cai S, Ding Y, Shi M, Jin T, Lin W, Liu P. Genetic Diversity of Ralstonia solanacearum Causing Tobacco Bacterial Wilt in Fujian Province and Identification of Biocontrol Streptomyces sp. PLANT DISEASE 2024; 108:1946-1958. [PMID: 38499975 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-08-23-1604-sr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Tobacco bacterial wilt is a highly destructive soilborne disease caused by the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex, exhibiting a significant risk to global flue-cured tobacco cultivation and resulting in substantial economic loss. In this study, 77 isolates were collected from three prominent flue-cured tobacco cultivation areas in Fujian, China (Nanping, Sanming, and Longyan), in 2021 and 2022. The isolated strains were classified through phylotype-specific multiplex polymerase chain reaction (Pmx-PCR) and physiological tests. The analysis showed that all the strains were associated with phylotype I, race 1, and biovar III. Subsequent phylogenetic analysis using partial egl gene sequences classified the 77 isolates into 5 distinct sequevars: 13, 15, 16, 17, and 34. Notably, a remarkable predominance of sequevar 15 was observed in Fujian Province, while sequevar 16 was first reported on tobacco in China, which was identified in other plants, expanding the understanding of its host range and distribution in the country. In addition, a Streptomyces strain extracted from the rhizosphere soil of tobacco was found to inhibit the growth of multiple sequevars of tobacco R. solanacearum, indicating its broad-spectrum antagonistic properties. Furthermore, pot experiments showed that the strain St35 effectively controlled tobacco bacterial wilt. The isolate St35 was conclusively identified as Streptomyces gancidicus according to the morphological and genetic features. In summary, the present study demonstrated the genetic diversity and distribution of tobacco R. solanacearum strains in the Fujian province of China, as well as the identification of a candidate biological control agent for the management of tobacco bacterial wilt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongbo Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Benjin Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Songling Cai
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Yingfu Ding
- Nanping Branch, Fujian Tobacco Company, Nanping 353000, China
| | - Mingyue Shi
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Ting Jin
- Xiamen Chanke Bioengineering Co., Ltd., Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Nanping Branch, Fujian Tobacco Company, Nanping 353000, China
| | - Peiqing Liu
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China
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Bhandari DD, Brandizzi F. Logistics of defense: The contribution of endomembranes to plant innate immunity. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202307066. [PMID: 38551496 PMCID: PMC10982075 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202307066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Phytopathogens cause plant diseases that threaten food security. Unlike mammals, plants lack an adaptive immune system and rely on their innate immune system to recognize and respond to pathogens. Plant response to a pathogen attack requires precise coordination of intracellular traffic and signaling. Spatial and/or temporal defects in coordinating signals and cargo can lead to detrimental effects on cell development. The role of intracellular traffic comes into a critical focus when the cell sustains biotic stress. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the post-immune activation logistics of plant defense. Specifically, we focus on packaging and shipping of defense-related cargo, rerouting of intracellular traffic, the players enabling defense-related traffic, and pathogen-mediated subversion of these pathways. We highlight the roles of the cytoskeleton, cytoskeleton-organelle bridging proteins, and secretory vesicles in maintaining pathways of exocytic defense, acting as sentinels during pathogen attack, and the necessary elements for building the cell wall as a barrier to pathogens. We also identify points of convergence between mammalian and plant trafficking pathways during defense and highlight plant unique responses to illustrate evolutionary adaptations that plants have undergone to resist biotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak D. Bhandari
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Federica Brandizzi
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Ferreira MV, Naranjo E, Denis N, Cobine P, De La Fuente L, Siri MI. Calcium modulation of bacterial wilt disease on potato. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0024224. [PMID: 38690890 PMCID: PMC11107177 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00242-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC) is a phytopathogenic bacterial group that causes bacterial wilt in several crops, being potato (Solanum tuberosum) one of the most important hosts. The relationship between the potato plant ionome (mineral and trace elements composition) and the resistance levels to this pathogen has not been addressed until now. Mineral content of xylem sap, roots, stems and leaves of potato genotypes with different levels of resistance to bacterial wilt was assessed in this work, revealing a positive correlation between divalent calcium (Ca) cation concentrations and genotype resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Ca on bacterial wilt resistance, and on the growth and virulence of RSSC. Ca supplementation significantly decreased the growth rate of Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum GMI1000 in minimal medium and affected several virulence traits such as biofilm formation and twitching motility. We also incorporate for the first time the use of microfluidic chambers to follow the pathogen growth and biofilm formation in conditions mimicking the plant vascular system. By using this approach, a reduction in biofilm formation was observed when both, rich and minimal media, were supplemented with Ca. Assessment of the effect of Ca amendments on bacterial wilt progress in potato genotypes revealed a significant delay in disease progress, or a complete absence of wilting symptoms in the case of partially resistant genotypes. This work contributes to the understanding of Ca effect on virulence of this important pathogen and provides new strategies for an integrated control of bacterial wilt on potato. IMPORTANCE Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC) includes a diverse group of bacterial strains that cause bacterial wilt. This disease is difficult to control due to pathogen aggressiveness, persistence, wide range of hosts, and wide geographic distribution in tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions. RSSC causes considerable losses depending on the pathogen strain, host, soil type, environmental conditions, and cultural practices. In potato, losses of $19 billion per year have been estimated for this pathogen worldwide. In this study, we report for the first time the mineral composition found in xylem sap and plant tissues of potato germplasm with different levels of resistance to bacterial wilt. This study underscores the crucial role of calcium (Ca) concentration in the xylem sap and stem in relation to the resistance of different genotypes. Our in vitro experiments provide evidence of Ca's inhibitory effect on the growth, biofilm formation, and twitching movement of the model RSSC strain R. pseudosolanacearum GMI1000. This study introduces a novel element, the Ca concentration, which should be included into the integrated disease control management strategies for bacterial wilt in potatoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Virginia Ferreira
- Área Microbiología, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Eber Naranjo
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Nicol Denis
- Área Microbiología, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Paul Cobine
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Leonardo De La Fuente
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - María Inés Siri
- Área Microbiología, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Jiao W, Wen J, Li N, Ou T, Qiu C, Ji Y, Lin K, Liu X, Xie J. The biocontrol potentials of rhizospheric bacterium Bacillus velezensis K0T24 against mulberry bacterial wilt disease. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:213. [PMID: 38616201 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03935-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Mulberry bacterial wilt disease, caused by Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum, is a devastating soil-borne disease in the silk-mulberry-related industry. In this study, through high-throughput sequencing, we compared the rhizosphere bacterial composition of the mulberry-resistant cultivar (K10) and susceptible cultivar (G12), confirming Bacillus as a genus-level biomarker for K10. Next, twelve Bacillus spp. isolates, derived from the rhizosphere of K10, were screened for their antagonistic activity against R. pseudosolanacearum. The isolate showing strong antagonism was identified as B. velezensis K0T24 and selected for further analysis. The fermentation supernatant of B. velezensis K0T24 significantly inhibited the growth of R. pseudosolanacearum (82.47%) and the expression of its pathogenic genes. Using B. velezensis K0T24 in mulberry seedlings also increased defense enzyme activities and achieved a control efficacy of up to 55.17% against mulberry bacterial wilt disease. Collectively, our findings demonstrate the potential of B. velezensis K0T24 in suppressing mulberry bacterial wilt disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlian Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Science, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Ju Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Science, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Science, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Ting Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Science, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Changyu Qiu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sericultural Genetic Improvement and Efficient Breeding, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Sericultural Technology Promotion Station, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530007, China
| | - Yutong Ji
- Westa College, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Kai Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Science, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xiaojiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Science, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Jie Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Science, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400715, China.
- Westa College, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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10
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Bhatt S, Raj SMP, Faridi N, Pathak D, Agarwal A, Mishra SP. Development of antibody to virulence factor flagellin and its evaluation in screening Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:809-821. [PMID: 38233641 PMCID: PMC10920531 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01235-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The bacterial wilt disease caused by Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum presents a notable economic risk to a variety of crucial crops worldwide. During preliminary isolation of this phytopathogen, several colonies of other saprophytic bacteria may be mistaken with it. So, the present study aims to address this issue by proposing the application of immunogenic proteins, particularly flagellin (FliC), to enable a rapid and early identification of bacterial wilt. In this study, a novel approach is unveiled for the early detection of R. pseudosolanacearum. The study exploits the immunogenic attributes of flagellin (FliC), by generating polyclonal antibodies against recombinant FliC within model organisms-rabbits and mice. The efficacy of these antibodies is meticulously assessed through discerning techniques, including DAS-ELISA and Western blot analyses, which elucidate their remarkable specificity in identifying various R. pseudosolanacearum strains. Furthermore, the introduction of antibody-coated latex agglutinating reagents offers an additional layer of confirmation, substantiating the feasibility of establishing a laboratory-based toolkit for swift screening and unambiguous identification of the bacterial wilt pathogen. This study presents a significant stride toward enhancing early diagnostic capabilities, potentially revolutionizing agricultural practices by safeguarding crop yield and quality through proactive pathogen detection and mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Bhatt
- P P Savani University, Surat, Gujarat, 394125, India.
- Defence Institute of Bio-Energy Research (DIBER), DRDO, Haldwani, Nainital, Uttarakhand, 263139, India.
| | - S Merwyn P Raj
- Defence Institute of Bio-Energy Research (DIBER), DRDO, Haldwani, Nainital, Uttarakhand, 263139, India
| | - Neha Faridi
- Defence Institute of Bio-Energy Research (DIBER), DRDO, Haldwani, Nainital, Uttarakhand, 263139, India
| | - Dinesh Pathak
- Defence Institute of Bio-Energy Research (DIBER), DRDO, Haldwani, Nainital, Uttarakhand, 263139, India
| | - Ankur Agarwal
- Defence Institute of Bio-Energy Research (DIBER), DRDO, Haldwani, Nainital, Uttarakhand, 263139, India
| | - Shraddha P Mishra
- Defence Institute of Bio-Energy Research (DIBER), DRDO, Haldwani, Nainital, Uttarakhand, 263139, India
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11
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Xiao Y, Zhang S, Li H, Teng K, Wu S, Liu Y, Yu F, He Z, Li L, Li L, Meng D, Yin H, Wang Y. Metagenomic insights into the response of soil microbial communities to pathogenic Ralstonia solanacearum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1325141. [PMID: 38434434 PMCID: PMC10904623 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1325141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the response of soil microbial communities to pathogenic Ralstonia solanacearum is crucial for preventing bacterial wilt outbreaks. In this study, we investigated the soil physicochemical and microbial community to assess their impact on the pathogenic R.solanacearum through metagenomics. Our results revealed that certain archaeal taxa were the main contributors influencing the health of plants. Additionally, the presence of the pathogen showed a strong negative correlation with soil phosphorus levels, while soil phosphorus was significantly correlated with bacterial and archaeal communities. We found that the network of microbial interactions in healthy plant rhizosphere soils was more complex compared to diseased soils. The diseased soil network had more linkages, particularly related to the pathogen occurrence. Within the network, the family Comamonadaceae, specifically Ramlibacter_tataouinensis, was enriched in healthy samples and showed a significantly negative correlation with the pathogen. In terms of archaea, Halorubrum, Halorussus_halophilus (family: Halobacteriaceae), and Natronomonas_pharaonis (family: Haloarculaceae) were enriched in healthy plant rhizosphere soils and showed negative correlations with R.solanacearum. These findings suggested that the presence of these archaea may potentially reduce the occurrence of bacterial wilt disease. On the other hand, Halostagnicola_larseniia and Haloterrigena_sp._BND6 (family: Natrialbaceae) had higher relative abundance in diseased plants and exhibited significantly positive correlations with R.solanacearum, indicating their potential contribution to the pathogen's occurrence. Moreover, we explored the possibility of functional gene sharing among the correlating bacterial pairs within the Molecular Ecological Network. Our analysis revealed 468 entries of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) events, emphasizing the significance of HGT in shaping the adaptive traits of plant-associated bacteria, particularly in relation to host colonization and pathogenicity. Overall, this work revealed key factors, patterns and response mechanisms underlying the rhizosphere soil microbial populations. The findings offer valuable guidance for effectively controlling soil-borne bacterial diseases and developing sustainable agriculture practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansong Xiao
- Chenzhou Tobacco Company of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Sai Zhang
- Chenzhou Tobacco Company of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Hongguang Li
- Chenzhou Tobacco Company of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Kai Teng
- Xiangxi Tobacco Co Hunan Prov, Changsha, China
| | - Shaolong Wu
- Hunan Tobacco Research Institute, Changsha, China
| | - Yongbin Liu
- Chenzhou Tobacco Company of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Fahui Yu
- Chenzhou Tobacco Company of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Zhihong He
- Chenzhou Tobacco Company of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Lijuan Li
- Chenzhou Tobacco Company of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Liangzhi Li
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Delong Meng
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huaqun Yin
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
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12
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Xue J, Guo X, Xu G, Chen X, Jiao L, Tang X. Discovery, Identification, and Mode of Action of Phenolics from Marine-Derived Fungus Aspergillus ustus as Antibacterial Wilt Agents. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:2989-2996. [PMID: 38214488 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
The bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum seriously affects crop yield and safety and is difficult to control. Biological activity-guided screening led to the isolation of 11 phenolic compounds including three undescribed compounds (carnemycin H-I and stromemycin B) from the secondary metabolites of a marine-derived Aspergillus ustus. One new compound is an unusual phenolic dimer. Their structures were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic data and J-based configurational analysis. The antibacterial activities of the isolated compounds against R. solanacearum were evaluated. Compound 3 exhibited excellent inhibitory activity with an MIC value of 3 μg/mL, which was comparable to that of streptomycin sulfate. Additionally, 3 significantly changed the morphology and inhibited the activity of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) to interfere with the growth of R. solanacearum. Molecular docking was conducted to clarify the potential mechanisms of compound 3 with SDH. Further in vivo experiments demonstrated that 3 could remarkably inhibit the occurrence of bacterial wilt on tomatoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Xue
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography State, Ministry of Natural Resources, Da-Xue Road, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaopeng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography State, Ministry of Natural Resources, Da-Xue Road, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangxin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography State, Ministry of Natural Resources, Da-Xue Road, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography State, Ministry of Natural Resources, Da-Xue Road, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihang Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography State, Ministry of Natural Resources, Da-Xue Road, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Xixiang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography State, Ministry of Natural Resources, Da-Xue Road, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
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13
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Li Z, Cao Z, Ma X, Cao D, Zhao K, Zhao K, Ma Q, Gong F, Li Z, Qiu D, Zhang X, Liu H, Ren R, Yin D. Natural resistance-associated macrophage proteins are involved in tolerance to heavy metal Cd 2+ toxicity and resistance to bacterial wilt of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108411. [PMID: 38309181 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is one of the most important oil and industrial crops. However, heavy-metal pollution and frequent soil diseases, poses a significant threat to the production of green and healthy peanuts. Herein, we investigated the effects of heavy metal Cd2+ toxicity to the peanuts, and screened out two peanut cultivars H108 and YZ 9102 with higher Cd2+-tolerance. RNA-seq revealed that Natural resistance-associated macrophage proteins (NRAMP)-like genes were involved in the Cd2+ stress tolerance in H108. Genome-wide identification revealed that 28, 13 and 9 Nramp-like genes existing in the A. hypogaea, A. duranensis and A. ipaensis, respectively. The 50 peanut NRAMP genes share conserved architectural characters, and they were classified into two groups. Expressions of AhNramps, particularly AhNramp4, AhNramp12, AhNramp19, and AhNramp25 could be greatly induced by not only cadmium toxicity, but also copper and zinc stresses. The expression profiles of AhNramp14, AhNramp16 and AhNramp25 showed significant differences in the H108 (resistance) and H107 (susceptible) under the infection of bacterial wilt. In addition, we found that the expression profiles of AhNramp14, AhNramp16, and AhNramp25 were greatly up- or down-regulated by the application of exogenous salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate, and abscisic acid. The AhNramp25, of which expression was affected by both heavy metal toxicity and bacterial wilt infection, were selected as strong candidate genes for peanut stress breeding. Our findings will provide an additional information required for further analysis of AhNramps involved in tolerance to heavy metal toxicity and resistance to bacterial wilt of peanut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Li
- College of Agronomy & Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Zenghui Cao
- College of Agronomy & Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Xingli Ma
- College of Agronomy & Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Di Cao
- College of Agronomy & Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Kunkun Zhao
- College of Agronomy & Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- College of Agronomy & Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Qian Ma
- College of Agronomy & Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Fangping Gong
- College of Agronomy & Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Zhongfeng Li
- College of Agronomy & Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Ding Qiu
- College of Agronomy & Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Xingguo Zhang
- College of Agronomy & Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Haitao Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Rui Ren
- College of Agronomy & Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China.
| | - Dongmei Yin
- College of Agronomy & Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China.
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14
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Lu Y, Chu S, Shi Z, You R, Chen H. Marked variations in diversity and functions of gut microbiota between wild and domestic stag beetle Dorcus Hopei Hopei. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:24. [PMID: 38238710 PMCID: PMC10795464 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03177-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although stag beetles are a popular saprophytic insect, their gut microbiome has been poorly studied. Here, 16 S rRNA gene sequencing was employed to reveal the gut microbiota composition and functional variations between wild and domestic Dorcus hopei hopei (Dhh) larval individuals. RESULTS The results indicated a significant difference between the wild and domestic Dhh gut microbiota., the domestic Dhh individuals contained more gut microbial taxa (e.g. genera Ralstonia and Methyloversatilis) with xenobiotic degrading functions. The wild Dhh possesses gut microbiota compositions (e.g. Turicibacter and Tyzzerella ) more appropriate for energy metabolism and potential growth. This study furthermore assigned all Dhh individuals by size into groups for data analysis; which indicated limited disparities between the gut microbiota of different-sized D. hopei hopei larvae. CONCLUSION The outcome of this study illustrated that there exists a significant discrepancy in gut microbiota composition between wild and domestic Dhh larvae. In addition, the assemblage of gut microbiome in Dhh was primarily attributed to environmental influences instead of individual differences such as developmental potential or size. These findings will provide a valuable theoretical foundation for the protection of wild saprophytic insects and the potential utilization of the insect-associated intestinal microbiome in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikai Lu
- BASIS International School Hangzhou, Hangzhou, 310020, Zhejiang, China
| | - Siyuan Chu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiyuan Shi
- BASIS International School Hangzhou, Hangzhou, 310020, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruobing You
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haimin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China.
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15
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Arasakumar N, Loganathan V, Natesh R, Ponnuraj K. HrpY protein of Ralstonia solanacearum exhibits spontaneous formation of pilus like assembly: analysis of its stability. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38230438 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2304678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Type 3 secretory system (T3SS), a complex protein machinery has a unique virulence mechanism that involves injecting effector proteins directly into host cells. The T3SS effector proteins are transported through an extracellular long hollow needle made up of multiple copies of a small protein. In T3SS of the plant pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum, the 8.6 kDa HrpY protein assembles into a large needle like apparatus (pilus) for transporting effector proteins. To study structural details of HrpY, we recombinantly expressed and purified HrpY in E. coli. The dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis showed that rHrpY has spontaneously formed oligomers of large order (>100 nm). Transmission electron microscopy of rHrpY samples revealed that the large structures are tube like assembly having dimensions 86.3-166.6 nm and 5.8-6.8 nm in length and width respectively. Different molecular sizes of the purified rHrpY hindered the crystallization of the protein. The stability of oligomer assembly was studied with denaturants and surfactants. Denaturants like urea and guanidine HCl could not break them apart; however, detergents like SDS, sarkosyl, Octyl-β-Glucoside, CHAPS, Tween 20, Tween 80 and Triton X-100 showed disassembly of the oligomer. rHrpY assembly was found to withstand up to 50 °C and the circular dichroism analysis revealed that there is no significant change in the secondary structural composition with increase in temperature. However, change in the secondary structure was observed with the addition of SDS.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Arasakumar
- Centre of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Vikraam Loganathan
- Centre of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Ramanathan Natesh
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM), Vithura, Trivandrum, India
| | - Karthe Ponnuraj
- Centre of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Chennai, India
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16
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Guo S, Geisen S, Mo Y, Yan X, Huang R, Liu H, Gao Z, Tao C, Deng X, Xiong W, Shen Q, Kowalchuk GA, Li R. Predatory protists impact plant performance by promoting plant growth-promoting rhizobacterial consortia. THE ISME JOURNAL 2024; 18:wrae180. [PMID: 39312488 PMCID: PMC11459550 DOI: 10.1093/ismejo/wrae180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Plant performance is impacted by rhizosphere bacteria. These bacteria are subjected to both bottom-up control by root exudates as well as top-down control by predators, particularly protists. Protists stimulate plant growth-promoting microbes resulting in improved plant performance. However, knowledge of the mechanisms that determine the interconnections within such tripartite protist-bacteria-plant interactions remains limited. We conducted experiments examining the effects of different densities of the predatory protist Cercomonas lenta on rhizosphere bacterial communities, specifically zooming on interactions between Cercomonas lenta and key bacterial taxa, as well as interactions among key bacterial taxa. We tracked rhizosphere bacterial community composition, potential microbial interactions, and plant performance. We found that Cercomonas lenta inoculation led to an average increase in plant biomass of 92.0%. This effect was linked to an increase in plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (Pseudomonas and Sphingomonas) and a decrease in bacteria (Chitinophaga) that negatively impact on plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. We also found evidence for cooperative enhancements in biofilm formation within the plant growth-promoting rhizobacterial consortium. Cercomonas lenta enhanced a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterial consortium colonization by promoting its cooperative biofilm formation in the rhizosphere, leading to a 14.5% increase in phosphate solubilization that benefits plant growth. Taken together, we provide mechanistic insights into how the predatory protist Cercomonas lenta impacts plant growth, namely by stimulating plant beneficial microbes and enhancing their interactive activities such as biofilm formation. Predatory protists may therefore represent promising biological agents that can contribute to sustainable agricultural practices by promoting interactions between the plant and its microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Guo
- The Sanya Institute of the Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Provice 210095, P. R. China
| | - Stefan Geisen
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6700 AA, the Netherlands
| | - Yani Mo
- The Sanya Institute of the Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Provice 210095, P. R. China
| | - Xinyue Yan
- The Sanya Institute of the Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Provice 210095, P. R. China
| | - Ruoling Huang
- The Sanya Institute of the Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Provice 210095, P. R. China
| | - Hongjun Liu
- The Sanya Institute of the Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Provice 210095, P. R. China
| | - Zhilei Gao
- Department of Research and Innovation, EUROstyle BV, Ecomunitypark 1, Oosterwolde 8431 SM, the Netherlands
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, the Netherlands
| | - Chengyuan Tao
- The Sanya Institute of the Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Provice 210095, P. R. China
| | - Xuhui Deng
- The Sanya Institute of the Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Provice 210095, P. R. China
| | - Wu Xiong
- The Sanya Institute of the Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Provice 210095, P. R. China
| | - Qirong Shen
- The Sanya Institute of the Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Provice 210095, P. R. China
| | - George A Kowalchuk
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, the Netherlands
| | - Rong Li
- The Sanya Institute of the Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Provice 210095, P. R. China
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17
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Yang L, Wang Y, Liang Y, Deng H, Wang J, Dai Y, Guo F, Zhou H, Li S, Ding W. pH-responsive bentonite nanoclay carriers control the release of benzothiazolinone to restrain bacterial wilt disease. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 198:105754. [PMID: 38225096 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Ralstonia solanacearum (R. solanacearum) is one of the most devastating pathogens in terms of losses in agricultural production. Bentonite (Bent) is a promising synergistic agent used in development of effective and environmentally friendly pesticides against plant disease. However, the synergistic mechanism of Bent nanoclays with benzothiazolinone (BIT) against R. solanacearum is unknown. In this work, acid-functionalized porous Bent and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) were employed as the core nanoclays, and BIT was loaded into the clay to form BIT-loaded CT-Bent (BIT@CT-Bent) for the control of bacterial wilt disease. BIT@CT-Bent exhibited pH-responsive release behavior that fit the Fickian diffusion model, rapidly releasing BIT in an acidic environment (pH = 5.5). The antibacterial effect of BIT@CT-Bent was approximately 4 times greater than that of the commercial product BIT, and its biotoxicity was much lower than that of BIT under the same conditions. Interestingly, R. solanacearum attracted BIT@CT-Bent into the nanocomposites and induced cytoplasmic leakage and changes in membrane permeability, indicating an efficient and synergistic bactericidal effect that rapidly reduced bacterial density. In addition, BIT@CT-Bent significantly inhibited R. solanacearum biofilm formation and swimming activity, by suppressing the expression of phcA, solR and vsrC. Indeed, exogenous application of BIT@CT-Bent significantly suppressed the virulence of R. solanacearum on tobacco plants, with control effect of 75.48%, 72.08% and 66.08% at 9, 11 and 13 days after inoculation, respectively. This study highlights the potential of using BIT@CT-Bent as an effective, eco-friendly bactericide to control bacterial wilt diseases and for the development of sustainable crop protection strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yang
- Laboratory of Natural Products Pesticides, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Laboratory of Natural Products Pesticides, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yijia Liang
- Laboratory of Natural Products Pesticides, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Haibin Deng
- Guangdong Tobacco Research Institute, Guangdong 512026, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Guangdong Tobacco Research Institute, Guangdong 512026, China
| | - Yuhao Dai
- Laboratory of Natural Products Pesticides, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Fuyou Guo
- Laboratory of Natural Products Pesticides, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Laboratory of Natural Products Pesticides, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Shili Li
- Laboratory of Natural Products Pesticides, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wei Ding
- Laboratory of Natural Products Pesticides, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Xu A, Wei L, Ke J, Peng C, Li P, Fan C, Yu X, Li B. ETI signaling nodes are involved in resistance of Hawaii 7996 to Ralstonia solanacearum-induced bacterial wilt disease in tomato. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2023; 18:2194747. [PMID: 36994774 PMCID: PMC10072054 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2023.2194747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial wilt caused by the soil-borne pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum is a destructive disease of tomato. Tomato cultivar Hawaii 7996 is well-known for its stable resistance against R. solanacearum. However, the resistance mechanism of Hawaii 7996 has not yet been revealed. Here, we showed that Hawaii 7996 activated root cell death response and exhibited stronger defense gene induction than the susceptible cultivar Moneymaker after R. solanacearum GMI1000 infection. By employing virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) and CRISPR/Cas9 technologies, we found that SlNRG1-silenced and SlADR1-silenced/knockout mutant tomato partially or completely lost resistance to bacterial wilt, indicating that helper NLRs SlADR1 and SlNRG1, the key nodes of effector-triggered immunity (ETI) pathways, are required for Hawaii 7996 resistance. In addition, while SlNDR1 was dispensable for the resistance of Hawaii 7996 to R. solanacearum, SlEDS1, SlSAG101a/b, and SlPAD4 were essential for the immune signaling pathways in Hawaii 7996. Overall, our results suggested that robust resistance of Hawaii 7996 to R. solanacearum relied on the involvement of multiple conserved key nodes of the ETI signaling pathways. This study sheds light on the molecular mechanisms underlying tomato resistance to R. solanacearum and will accelerate the breeding of tomatoes resilient to diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jingjing Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chengfeng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Pengyue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Changqiu Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Wang R, Li C, Jia Z, Su Y, Ai Y, Li Q, Guo X, Tao Z, Lin F, Liang Y. Reversible phosphorylation of a lectin-receptor-like kinase controls xylem immunity. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:2051-2066.e7. [PMID: 37977141 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) mediate basal resistance to most phytopathogens. However, plant responses can be cell type specific, and the mechanisms governing xylem immunity remain largely unknown. We show that the lectin-receptor-like kinase LORE contributes to xylem basal resistance in Arabidopsis upon infection with Ralstonia solanacearum, a destructive plant pathogen that colonizes the xylem to cause bacterial wilt. Following R. solanacearum infection, LORE is activated by phosphorylation at residue S761, initiating a phosphorelay that activates reactive oxygen species production and cell wall lignification. To prevent prolonged activation of immune signaling, LORE recruits and phosphorylates type 2C protein phosphatase LOPP, which dephosphorylates LORE and attenuates LORE-mediated xylem immunity to maintain immune homeostasis. A LOPP knockout confers resistance against bacterial wilt disease in Arabidopsis and tomatoes without impacting plant growth. Thus, our study reveals a regulatory mechanism in xylem immunity involving the reversible phosphorylation of receptor-like kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wang
- Zhejiang Xianghu Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chenying Li
- Zhejiang Xianghu Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhiyi Jia
- Zhejiang Xianghu Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yaxing Su
- Zhejiang Xianghu Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yingfei Ai
- Zhejiang Xianghu Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qinghong Li
- Zhejiang Xianghu Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xijie Guo
- Zhejiang Xianghu Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zeng Tao
- Zhejiang Xianghu Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fucheng Lin
- Zhejiang Xianghu Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Hangzhou 311200, China.
| | - Yan Liang
- Zhejiang Xianghu Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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20
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Fu L, Wang YF, Long PL, Xiao Y, Jiang MG, Gao J. Streptomyces koelreuteriae sp. nov., isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Koelreuteria paniculata and healthy leaves of Xanthium sibiricum. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2023; 73. [PMID: 38054463 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.006196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Two actinomycete strains, designated MG62T and CRLD-Y-1, were isolated from rhizosphere soil of Koelreuteria paniculata and healthy leaves of Xanthium sibiricum, respectively, in Hunan province, PR China. They could produce abundant aerial mycelia that generated rod-shaped spores with spiny surfaces. Morphological features of the two strains are typical of the genus Streptomyces. Strains MG62T and CRLD-Y-1 exhibited 99.93 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between them were 99.99 and 100 %, respectively, suggesting that they belonged to the same species. 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis revealed that the two strains belonged to the genus Streptomyces and showed highest similarities to Streptomyces violarus NBRC 13104T (99.07-99.29 %) and Streptomyces arenae ISP 5293T (99.21-99.35 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strains MG62T and CRLD-Y-1 were closely related to S. violarus NBRC 13104T and S. arenae ISP 5293T. However, the ANI, dDDH and multilocus sequence analysis evolutionary distance values between the two strains and their relatives provide a robust basis upon which to verify strains MG62T and CRLD-Y-1 as representing a novel species. Moreover, a comprehensive comparison of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics further confirmed that the two strains were distinct from their relatives. Based on all these data above, strains MG62T and CRLD-Y-1 should represent a novel Streptomyces species, for which the name Streptomyces koelreuteriae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MG62T (=JCM 34747T=MCCC 1K06175T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Fu
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and technology, Xiangtan 411201, PR China
| | - Yin-Feng Wang
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and technology, Xiangtan 411201, PR China
| | - Pei-Lan Long
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and technology, Xiangtan 411201, PR China
| | - Yan Xiao
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and technology, Xiangtan 411201, PR China
| | - Ming-Guo Jiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning 530008, PR China
| | - Jian Gao
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and technology, Xiangtan 411201, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Remediation and Safe Utilization of Heavy Metal-Polluted Soils, College of Hunan Province, Xiangtan 411201, PR China
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21
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Ren X, Zhou J, Liu T, Zhong C, Wang Y, Yan H, Feng J. Antibacterial activity and action mechanism of curcusionol from Carex siderosticta Hance against Ralstonia nicotianae. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:4607-4616. [PMID: 37436717 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco bacterial wilt is a typical soil-borne disease caused by Ralstonia nicotianae, which causes huge losses in tobacco production every year. The crude extract of Carex siderosticta Hance was shown to have antibacterial activity against R. nicotianae during our search, and the natural antibacterial components were sought after using bioassay-guided fractionation of the compounds. RESULT Ethanol extract of Carex siderosticta Hance with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 100 μg/mL against R. nicotianae in vitro. The potential of these compounds as antibactericides against R. nicotianae were assessed. Curcusionol (1), showed the highest antibacterial activity against R. nicotianae with MIC value of 12.5 μg/mL in vitro. In the protective effect tests, the control effect of curcusionol (1) was 92.31 and 72.60%, respectively, after application of 7 and 14 days, at a concentration of 1500 μg/mL, being comparable to that of streptomycin sulfate at a concentration of 500 μg/mL, confirming that curcusionol (1) showed the potential for the development of new antibacterial drugs. RNA-sequencing, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis confirmed that curcusionol mainly destroys R. nicotianae cell membrane structure and affects quorum sensing (QS) to inhibit pathogenic bacteria. CONCLUSION This study revealed that the antibacterial activity of Carex siderosticta Hance makes it a botanical bactericide against R. nicotianae, while curcusionol as lead structures for antibacterial development is obvious by its potent antibacterial activity. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Ren
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- Provincial Center for Bio-Pesticide Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Juan Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- Provincial Center for Bio-Pesticide Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Ting Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- Provincial Center for Bio-Pesticide Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Chenquan Zhong
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- Provincial Center for Bio-Pesticide Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- Provincial Center for Bio-Pesticide Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - He Yan
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- Provincial Center for Bio-Pesticide Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Juntao Feng
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- Provincial Center for Bio-Pesticide Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
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22
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Korenskaia AY, Matushkin YG, Mustafin ZS, Lashin SA, Klimenko AI. Bioinformatic Analysis Reveals the Role of Translation Elongation Efficiency Optimisation in the Evolution of Ralstonia Genus. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1338. [PMID: 37887048 PMCID: PMC10604486 DOI: 10.3390/biology12101338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Translation efficiency modulates gene expression in prokaryotes. The comparative analysis of translation elongation efficiency characteristics of Ralstonia genus bacteria genomes revealed that these characteristics diverge in accordance with the phylogeny of Ralstonia. The first branch of this genus is a group of bacteria commonly found in moist environments such as soil and water that includes the species R. mannitolilytica, R. insidiosa, and R. pickettii, which are also described as nosocomial infection pathogens. In contrast, the second branch is plant pathogenic bacteria consisting of R. solanacearum, R. pseudosolanacearum, and R. syzygii. We found that the soil Ralstonia have a significantly lower number and energy of potential secondary structures in mRNA and an increased role of codon usage bias in the optimization of highly expressed genes' translation elongation efficiency, not only compared to phytopathogenic Ralstonia but also to Cupriavidus necator, which is closely related to the Ralstonia genus. The observed alterations in translation elongation efficiency of orthologous genes are also reflected in the difference of potentially highly expressed gene' sets' content among Ralstonia branches with different lifestyles. Analysis of translation elongation efficiency characteristics can be considered a promising approach for studying complex mechanisms that determine the evolution and adaptation of bacteria in various environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Y. Korenskaia
- Systems Biology Department, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Lavrentiev Avenue 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (A.Y.K.); (Z.S.M.)
- Kurchatov Genomics Center, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Lavrentiev Avenue 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk National Research State University, Pirogova St. 1, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Yury G. Matushkin
- Systems Biology Department, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Lavrentiev Avenue 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (A.Y.K.); (Z.S.M.)
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk National Research State University, Pirogova St. 1, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Zakhar S. Mustafin
- Systems Biology Department, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Lavrentiev Avenue 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (A.Y.K.); (Z.S.M.)
| | - Sergey A. Lashin
- Systems Biology Department, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Lavrentiev Avenue 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (A.Y.K.); (Z.S.M.)
- Kurchatov Genomics Center, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Lavrentiev Avenue 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk National Research State University, Pirogova St. 1, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Alexandra I. Klimenko
- Systems Biology Department, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Lavrentiev Avenue 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (A.Y.K.); (Z.S.M.)
- Kurchatov Genomics Center, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Lavrentiev Avenue 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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23
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Patel R, Vinchurkar M, Shaikh AM, Patkar R, Adami A, Giacomozzi F, Ramesh R, Pramanick B, Lorenzelli L, Baghini MS. Part II: Impedance-based DNA biosensor for detection of isolated strains of phytopathogen Ralstonia solanacearum. Bioelectrochemistry 2023; 153:108500. [PMID: 37399651 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2023.108500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
In Part I, we demonstrated the complete development of a label-free, ultra-low sample volume requiring DNA-based biosensor to detect Ralstonia solanacearum, an aerobic non-spore-forming, Gram-negative, plant pathogenic bacterium, using non-faradaic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (nf-EIS). We also presented the sensor's sensitivity, specificity, and electrochemical stability. In this article, we highlight the specificity study of the developed DNA-based impedimetric biosensor to detect various strains of R. solanacearum. We have collected seven isolates of R. solanacearum isolated from locally infected host plants (eggplant, potato, tomato, chilli, and ginger) from different parts of Goa, India. The pathogenicity of these isolates was tested on the eggplant, and the pathogen was confirmed by microbiological plating and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We further report the insight into the DNA hybridization on the surface of Interdigitated Electrodes (IDEs) and the expansion of the Randles model for more accurate analysis. The interpretation of the sensor specificity is clearly demonstrated by the capacitance change observed at the electrode-electrolyte interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhea Patel
- Center for Research in Nanotechnology and Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India.
| | - Madhuri Vinchurkar
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Aatha Mohin Shaikh
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Rajul Patkar
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Andrea Adami
- Center for Sensors & Devices, Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK), Trento, Italy
| | - Flavio Giacomozzi
- Center for Sensors & Devices, Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK), Trento, Italy
| | - Raman Ramesh
- Plant Pathology, ICAR- Central Coastal Agricultural Research Institute, Old Goa, Goa 403402, India
| | - Bidhan Pramanick
- School of Electrical Sciences and Centre of Excellence in Particulates Colloids and Interfaces, Indian Institute of Technology Goa, Goa 403401, India
| | - Leandro Lorenzelli
- Center for Sensors & Devices, Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK), Trento, Italy
| | - Maryam Shojaei Baghini
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
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24
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Abstract
Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC) strains are devastating plant pathogens distributed worldwide. The primary cell density-dependent gene expression system in RSSC strains is phc quorum sensing (QS). It regulates the expression of about 30% of all genes, including those related to cellular activity, primary and secondary metabolism, pathogenicity, and more. The phc regulatory elements encoded by the phcBSRQ operon and phcA gene play vital roles. RSSC strains use methyl 3-hydroxymyristate (3-OH MAME) or methyl 3-hydroxypalmitate (3-OH PAME) as the QS signal. Each type of RSSC strain has specificity in generating and receiving its QS signal, but their signaling pathways might not differ significantly. In this review, I describe the genetic and biochemical factors involved in QS signal input and the regulatory network and summarize control of the phc QS system, new cell-cell communications, and QS-dependent interactions with soil fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Kai
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan;
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25
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Anderson JC. Ill Communication: Host Metabolites as Virulence-Regulating Signals for Plant-Pathogenic Bacteria. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 61:49-71. [PMID: 37253693 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-021621-114026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Plant bacterial pathogens rely on host-derived signals to coordinate the deployment of virulence factors required for infection. In this review, I describe how diverse plant-pathogenic bacteria detect and respond to plant-derived metabolic signals for the purpose of virulence gene regulation. I highlight examples of how pathogens perceive host metabolites through membrane-localized receptors as well as intracellular response mechanisms. Furthermore, I describe how individual strains may coordinate their virulence using multiple distinct host metabolic signals, and how plant signals may positively or negatively regulate virulence responses. I also describe how plant defenses may interfere with the perception of host metabolites as a means to dampen pathogen virulence. The emerging picture is that recognition of host metabolic signals for the purpose of virulence gene regulation represents an important primary layer of interaction between pathogenic bacteria and host plants that shapes infection outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey C Anderson
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA;
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26
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Vailleau F, Genin S. Ralstonia solanacearum: An Arsenal of Virulence Strategies and Prospects for Resistance. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 61:25-47. [PMID: 37506349 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-021622-104551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The group of strains constituting the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC) is a prominent model for the study of plant-pathogenic bacteria because of its impact on agriculture, owing to its wide host range, worldwide distribution, and long persistence in the environment. RSSC strains have led to numerous studies aimed at deciphering the molecular bases of virulence, and many biological functions and mechanisms have been described to contribute to host infection and pathogenesis. In this review, we put into perspective recent advances in our understanding of virulence in RSSC strains, both in terms of the inventory of functions that participate in this process and their evolutionary dynamics. We also present the different strategies that have been developed to combat these pathogenic strains through biological control, antimicrobial agents, plant genetics, or microbiota engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Vailleau
- LIPME, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France; ,
| | - Stéphane Genin
- LIPME, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France; ,
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27
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Landry D, Mila I, Sabbagh CRR, Zaffuto M, Pouzet C, Tremousaygue D, Dabos P, Deslandes L, Peeters N. An NLR integrated domain toolkit to identify plant pathogen effector targets. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 115:1443-1457. [PMID: 37248633 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Plant immune receptors, known as NOD-like receptors (NLRs), possess unique integrated decoy domains that enable plants to attract pathogen effectors and initiate a specific immune response. The present study aimed to create a library of these integrated domains (IDs) and screen them with pathogen effectors to identify targets for effector virulence and NLR-effector interactions. This works compiles IDs found in NLRs from seven different plant species and produced a library of 78 plasmid clones containing a total of 104 IDs, representing 43 distinct InterPro domains. A yeast two-hybrid assay was conducted, followed by an in planta interaction test, using 32 conserved effectors from Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum type III. Through these screenings, three interactions involving different IDs (kinase, DUF3542, WRKY) were discovered interacting with two unrelated type III effectors (RipAE and PopP2). Of particular interest was the interaction between PopP2 and ID#85, an atypical WRKY domain integrated into a soybean NLR gene (GmNLR-ID#85). Using a Förster resonance energy transfer-fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy technique to detect protein-protein interactions in living plant cells, PopP2 was demonstrated to physically associate with ID#85 in the nucleus. However, unlike the known WRKY-containing Arabidopsis RRS1-R NLR receptor, GmNLR-ID#85 could not be acetylated by PopP2 and failed to activate RPS4-dependent immunity when introduced into the RRS1-R immune receptor. The generated library of 78 plasmid clones, encompassing these screenable IDs, is publicly available through Addgene. This resource is expected to be valuable for the scientific community with respect to discovering targets for effectors and potentially engineering plant immune receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Landry
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microbes-Environnement (LIPME), INRAE, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326, France
| | - Isabelle Mila
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microbes-Environnement (LIPME), INRAE, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326, France
| | - Cyrus Raja Rubenstein Sabbagh
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microbes-Environnement (LIPME), INRAE, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326, France
| | - Matilda Zaffuto
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microbes-Environnement (LIPME), INRAE, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326, France
| | - Cécile Pouzet
- Plateforme imagerie TRI-FRAIB, FR AIB, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31320, France
| | - Dominique Tremousaygue
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microbes-Environnement (LIPME), INRAE, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326, France
| | - Patrick Dabos
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microbes-Environnement (LIPME), INRAE, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326, France
| | - Laurent Deslandes
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microbes-Environnement (LIPME), INRAE, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326, France
| | - Nemo Peeters
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microbes-Environnement (LIPME), INRAE, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326, France
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Hug S, Heiniger B, Bolli K, Paszti S, Eberl L, Ahrens CH, Pessi G. Paraburkholderia sabiae Uses One Type VI Secretion System (T6SS-1) as a Powerful Weapon against Notorious Plant Pathogens. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0162223. [PMID: 37439699 PMCID: PMC10434147 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01622-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Paraburkholderia sabiae LMG24235 is a nitrogen-fixing betaproteobacterium originally isolated from a root nodule of Mimosa caesalpiniifolia in Brazil. We show here that this strain effectively kills strains from several bacterial families (Burkholderiaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, Enterobacteriaceae) which include important plant pathogens in a contact-dependent manner. De novo assembly of the first complete genome of P. sabiae using long sequencing reads and subsequent annotation revealed two gene clusters predicted to encode type VI secretion systems (T6SS), which we named T6SS-1 and T6SS-3 according to previous classification methods (G. Shalom, J. G. Shaw, and M. S. Thomas, Microbiology, 153:2689-2699, 2007, https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.2007/006585-0). We created P. sabiae with mutations in each of the two T6SS gene clusters that abrogated their function, and the T6SS-1 mutant was no longer able to outcompete other strains in a contact-dependent manner. Notably, our analysis revealed that T6SS-1 is essential for competition against several important plant pathogens in vitro, including Burkholderia plantarii, Ralstonia solanacearum, Pseudomonas syringae, and Pectobacterium carotovorum. The 9-log reduction in P. syringae cells in the presence of P. sabiae was particularly remarkable. Importantly, in an in vivo assay, P. sabiae was able to protect potato tubers from bacterial soft rot disease caused by P. carotovorum, and this protection was partly dependent on T6SS-1. IMPORTANCE Rhizobia often display additional beneficial traits such as the production of plant hormones and the acquisition of limited essential nutrients that improve plant growth and enhance plant yields. Here, we show that the rhizobial strain P. sabiae antagonizes important phytopathogens such as P. carotovorum, P. syringae, and R. solanacearum and that this effect is due to contact-dependent killing mediated by one of two T6SS systems identified in the complete, de novo assembled genome sequence of P. sabiae. Importantly, co-inoculation of Solanum tuberosum tubers with P. sabiae also resulted in a drastic reduction of soft rot caused by P. carotovorum in an in vivo model system. This result highlights the protective potential of P. sabiae against important bacterial plant diseases, which makes it a valuable candidate for application as a biocontrol agent. It also emphasizes the particular potential of rhizobial inoculants that combine several beneficial effects such as plant growth promotion and biocontrol for sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hug
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Heiniger
- Agroscope – Molecular Ecology, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kim Bolli
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Paszti
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Leo Eberl
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian H. Ahrens
- Agroscope – Molecular Ecology, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gabriella Pessi
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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She Y, Liu J, Su M, Li Y, Guo Y, Liu G, Deng M, Qin H, Sun B, Guo J, Liu D. A Study on Differential Biomarkers in the Milk of Holstein Cows with Different Somatic Cells Count Levels. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2446. [PMID: 37570255 PMCID: PMC10417570 DOI: 10.3390/ani13152446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Dairy cow mastitis is one of the common diseases of dairy cows, which will not only endanger the health of dairy cows but also affect the quality of milk. Dairy cow mastitis is an inflammatory reaction caused by pathogenic microorganisms and physical and chemical factors in dairy cow mammary glands. The number of SCC in the milk of dairy cows with different degrees of mastitis will increase in varying degrees. The rapid diagnosis of dairy cow mastitis is of great significance for dairy cow health and farm economy. Based on the results of many studies on the relationship between mastitis and somatic cell count in dairy cows, microflora, and metabolites in the milk of Holstein cows with low somatic cell level (SCC less than 200,000), medium somatic cell level (SCC up to 200,000 but less than 500,000) and high somatic cell level (SCC up to 5000,00) were analyzed by microbiome and metabolic group techniques. The results showed that there were significant differences in milk microbiota and metabolites among the three groups (p < 0.05), and there was a significant correlation between microbiota and metabolites. Meanwhile, in this experiment, 75 differential metabolites were identified in the H group and L group, 40 differential metabolites were identified in the M group and L group, and six differential microorganisms with LDA scores more than four were found in the H group and L group. These differential metabolites and differential microorganisms may become new biomarkers for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of cow mastitis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhang She
- College of Animal Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Jianying Liu
- Agro-Tech Extension Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510500, China; (J.L.)
- Guangdong Provincial Animal Husbandry Technology Promotion Station, Guangzhou 510500, China
| | - Minqiang Su
- College of Animal Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Yaokun Li
- College of Animal Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Yongqing Guo
- College of Animal Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Guangbin Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Ming Deng
- College of Animal Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Hongxian Qin
- Agro-Tech Extension Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510500, China; (J.L.)
- Guangdong Provincial Animal Husbandry Technology Promotion Station, Guangzhou 510500, China
| | - Baoli Sun
- College of Animal Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Jianchao Guo
- Agro-Tech Extension Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510500, China; (J.L.)
- Guangdong Provincial Animal Husbandry Technology Promotion Station, Guangzhou 510500, China
| | - Dewu Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.S.); (M.S.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Healthy Sheep Breeding and Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
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Wang S, Hu M, Chen H, Li C, Xue Y, Song X, Qi Y, Liu F, Zhou X, Zhang LH, Zhou J. Pseudomonas forestsoilum sp. nov. and P. tohonis biocontrol bacterial wilt by quenching 3-hydroxypalmitic acid methyl ester. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1193297. [PMID: 37457350 PMCID: PMC10349395 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1193297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum ranks the second top important bacterial plant disease worldwide. It is also the most important bacterial disease threatening the healthy development of Casuarina equisetifolia protection forest. 3-hydroxypalmitic acid methyl ester (3-OH PAME) functions as an important quorum sensing (QS) signal regulating the expression of virulence genes in R. solanacearum, and has been regarded as an ideal target for disease prevention and control. To screen native microorganisms capable of degrading 3-OH PAME, samples of C. equisetifolia branches and forest soil were collected and cultured in the medium containing 3-OH PAME as the sole carbon source. Bacteria with over 85% degradation rates of 3-OH PAME after 7-day incubation were further separated and purified. As a result, strain Q1-7 isolated from forest soil and strain Q4-3 isolated from C. equisetifolia branches were obtained and identified as Pseudomonas novel species Pseudomonas forestsoilum sp. nov. and P. tohonis, respectively, according to whole genome sequencing results. The degradation efficiencies of 3-OH PAME of strains Q1-7 and Q4-3 were 95.80% and 100.00% at 48 h, respectively. Both strains showed high esterase activities and inhibited R. solanacearum exopolysaccharide (EPS) and cellulase production. Application of strains Q1-7 and Q4-3 effectively protects C. equisetifolia, peanut and tomato plants from infection by R. solanacearum. Findings in this study provide potential resources for the prevention and control of bacterial wilt caused by R. solanacearum, as well as valuable materials for the identification of downstream quenching genes and the research and development of quenching enzymes for disease control.
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Ke J, Zhu W, Yuan Y, Du X, Xu A, Zhang D, Cao S, Chen W, Lin Y, Xie J, Cheng J, Fu Y, Jiang D, Yu X, Li B. Duality of immune recognition by tomato and virulence activity of the Ralstonia solanacearum exo-polygalacturonase PehC. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:2552-2569. [PMID: 36977631 PMCID: PMC10291029 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Ralstonia solanacearum is a devastating soil-borne bacterial pathogen capable of infecting many plant species, including tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). However, the perception of Ralstonia by the tomato immune system and the pathogen's counter-defense strategy remain largely unknown. Here, we show that PehC, a specific exo-polygalacturonase secreted by Ralstonia, acts as an elicitor that triggers typical immune responses in tomato and other Solanaceous plants. The elicitor activity of PehC depends on its N-terminal epitope, and not on its polygalacturonase activity. The recognition of PehC specifically occurs in tomato roots and relies on unknown receptor-like kinase(s). Moreover, PehC hydrolyzes plant pectin-derived oligogalacturonic acids (OGs), a type of damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP), which leads to the release of galacturonic acid (GalA), thereby dampening DAMP-triggered immunity (DTI). Ralstonia depends on PehC for its growth and early infection and can utilize GalA as a carbon source in the xylem. Our findings demonstrate the specialized and dual functions of Ralstonia PehC, which enhance virulence by degrading DAMPs to evade DTI and produce nutrients, a strategy used by pathogens to attenuate plant immunity. Solanaceous plants have evolved to recognize PehC and induce immune responses, which highlights the significance of PehC. Overall, this study provides insight into the arms race between plants and pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Wanting Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Xinya Du
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Ai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Sen Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yang Lin
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Jiatao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Jiasen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yanping Fu
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Daohong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
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Wang B, He W, Huang M, Feng J, Li Y, Yu L, Wang Y, Zhou D, Meng C, Cheng D, Tang N, Song B, Chen H. Ralstonia solanacearum type III effector RipAS associates with potato type one protein phosphatase StTOPP6 to promote bacterial wilt. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad087. [PMID: 37334181 PMCID: PMC10273071 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
The bacterial pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum (R. solanacearum) delivered type III secretion effectors to inhibit the immune system and cause bacterial wilt on potato. Protein phosphatases are key regulators in plant immunity, which pathogens can manipulate to alter host processes. Here, we show that a type III effector RipAS can reduce the nucleolar accumulation of a type one protein phosphatase (PP1) StTOPP6 to promote bacterial wilt. StTOPP6 was used as bait in the Yeast two-Hybrid (Y2H) assay and acquired an effector RipAS that interacts with it. RipAS was characterized as a virulence effector to contribute to R. solanacearum infection, and stable expression of RipAS in potato impaired plant resistance against R. solanacearum. Overexpression of StTOPP6 showed enhanced disease symptoms when inoculated with wild strain UW551 but not the ripAS deletion mutant, indicating that the expression of StTOPP6 facilitates the virulence of RipAS. RipAS reduced the nucleolar accumulation of StTOPP6, which occurred during R. solanacearum infection. Moreover, the association also widely existed between other PP1s and RipAS. We argue that RipAS is a virulence effector associated with PP1s to promote bacterial wilt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingsen Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wenfeng He
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Mengshu Huang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiachen Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Yanping Li
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liu Yu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dan Zhou
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chengzhen Meng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dong Cheng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ning Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
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Zhang H, Xu Y, Huang Y, Xiong X, Wu X, Yuan G, Zheng D. Tn-seq identifies Ralstonia solanacearum genes required for tolerance of plant immunity induced by exogenous salicylic acid. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2023; 24:536-548. [PMID: 36912695 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Ralstonia solanacearum, the causal agent of the devastating bacterial wilt disease, is of particular interest to the scientific community. The repertoire of type III effectors plays an important role in the evasion of plant immunity, but tolerance to plant immunity is also crucial for the survival and virulence of R. solanacearum. Nevertheless, a systematic study of R. solanacearum tolerance to plant immunity is lacking. In this study, we used exogenous salicylic acid (SA) to improve the immunity of tomato plants, followed by transposon insertion sequencing (Tn-seq) analysis and the identification of R. solanacearum genes associated with tolerance to plant immunity. Target gene deletion revealed that the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) production genes RS_RS02830, RS_RS03460, and RS_RS03465 are essential for R. solanacearum tolerance to plant immunity, and their expression is induced by plant immunity, thereby expanding our knowledge of the pathogenic function of R. solanacearum LPS. SA treatment increased the relative abundance of transposon insertion mutants of four genes, including two genes with unknown function, RS_RS11975 and RS_RS07760. Further verification revealed that deletion of RS_RS11975 or RS_RS07760 resulted in reduced in vivo competitive indexes but increased tolerance to plant immunity induced by SA treatment, suggesting that these two genes contribute to the trade-off between tolerance to plant immunity and fitness cost. In conclusion, this work identified and validated R. solanacearum genes required for tolerance to plant immunity and provided essential information for a more complete view of the interaction between R. solanacearum and the host plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agro-product Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yanan Xu
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yingying Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agro-product Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaoqi Xiong
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agro-product Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaogang Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agro-product Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Gaoqing Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agro-product Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Dehong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agro-product Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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Ouyang X, Chen J, Sun Z, Wang R, Wu X, Li B, Song C, Liu P, Zhang M. Ubiquitin E3 ligase activity of Ralstonia solanacearum effector RipAW is not essential for induction of plant defense in Nicotiana benthamiana. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1201444. [PMID: 37293211 PMCID: PMC10244751 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1201444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the most destructive bacterial phytopathogens, Ralstonia solanacearum causes substantial annual yield losses of many important crops. Deciphering the functional mechanisms of type III effectors, the crucial factors mediating R. solanacearum-plant interactions, will provide a valuable basis for protecting crop plants from R. solanacearum. Recently, the NEL (novel E3 ligase) effector RipAW was found to induce cell death on Nicotiana benthamiana in a E3 ligase activity-dependent manner. Here, we further deciphered the role of the E3 ligase activity in RipAW-triggered plant immunity. We found that RipAWC177A, the E3 ligase mutant of RipAW, could not induce cell death but retained the ability of triggering plant immunity in N. benthamiana, indicating that the E3 ligase activity is not essential for RipAW-triggered immunity. By generating truncated mutants of RipAW, we further showed that the N-terminus, NEL domain and C-terminus are all required but not sufficient for RipAW-induced cell death. Furthermore, all truncated mutants of RipAW triggered ETI immune responses in N. benthamiana, confirming that the E3 ligase activity is not essential for RipAW-triggered plant immunity. Finally, we demonstrated that RipAW- and RipAWC177A-triggered immunity in N. benthamiana requires SGT1 (suppressor of G2 allele of skp1), but not EDS1 (enhanced disease susceptibility), NRG1 (N requirement gene 1), NRC (NLR required for cell death) proteins or SA (salicylic acid) pathway. Our findings provide a typical case in which the effector-induced cell death can be uncoupled with immune responses, shedding new light on effector-triggered plant immunity. Our data also provide clues for further in-depth study of mechanism underlying RipAW-induced plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Ouyang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jialan Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhimao Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Endangered Medicinal Resource Development in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Rongbo Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xuan Wu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Benjin Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Congfeng Song
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peiqing Liu
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Meixiang Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Endangered Medicinal Resource Development in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
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Cong S, Li JZ, Xiong ZZ, Wei HL. Diverse interactions of five core type III effectors from Ralstonia solanacearum with plants. J Genet Genomics 2023; 50:341-352. [PMID: 35597445 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2022.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Ralstonia solanacearum is a widespread plant bacterial pathogen that can launch a range of type III effectors (T3Es) to cause disease. In this study, we isolate a pathogenic R. solanacearum strain named P380 from tomato rhizosphere. Five out of 12 core T3Es of strain P380 are introduced into Pseudomonas syringae DC3000D36E separately to determine their functions in interacting with plants. DC3000D36E that harbors each effector suppresses FliC-triggered Pti5 and ACRE31 expression, ROS burst, and callose deposition. RipAE, RipU, and RipW elicit cell death as well as upregulate the MAPK cascades in Nicotiana benthamiana. The derivatives RipC1ΔDXDX(T/V) and RipWΔDKXXQ but not RipAEK310R fail to suppress ROS burst. Moreover, RipAEK310R and RipWΔDKXXQ retain the cell death elicitation ability. RipAE and RipW are associated with salicylic acid and jasmonic acid pathways, respectively. RipAE and RipAQ significantly promote the propagation of DC3000D36E in plants. The five core T3Es localize in diverse subcellular organelles of nucleus, plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi network. The suppressor of G2 allele of Skp1 is required for RipAE but not RipU-triggered cell death in N. benthamiana. These results indicate that the core T3Es in R. solanacearum play diverse roles in plant-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Cong
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Collection and Preservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jun-Zhou Li
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Collection and Preservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zheng-Zhong Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Collection and Preservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hai-Lei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Collection and Preservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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Complete Genome Sequences of Ralstonia solanacearum Strains Isolated from Infected Ginger Plants. Microbiol Resour Announc 2023; 12:e0129822. [PMID: 36847548 PMCID: PMC10019189 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01298-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We present the complete genome sequences of Ralstonia solanacearum strains isolated from ginger plants. Strains MAFF 211471, MAFF 211479, MAFF 211491, MAFF 301560, MAFF 241647, and MAFF 241648 contain 69, 64, 65, 69, 72, and 64 type III effector genes, respectively.
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Zhao X, Zhu D, Tan J, Wang R, Qi G. Cooperative Action of Fulvic Acid and Bacillus paralicheniformis Ferment in Regulating Soil Microbiota and Improving Soil Fertility and Plant Resistance to Bacterial Wilt Disease. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0407922. [PMID: 36861975 PMCID: PMC10100657 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04079-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive continuous cropping and soil degradation, such as acidification, hardening, fertility decline, and the degradation of microbial community, lead to the epidemic of soilborne diseases and cause great loss in agriculture production. Application of fulvic acid can improve the growth and yield of various crops and effectively suppress soilborne plant diseases. Bacillus paralicheniformis strain 285-3 producing poly-gamma-glutamic acid is used to remove the organic acid that can cause soil acidification and increase the fertilizer effect of fulvic acid and the effect of improving soil quality and inhibiting soilborne disease. In field experiments, the application of fulvic acid and Bacillus paralicheniformis ferment effectively reduced the incidence of bacterial wilt disease and improved soil fertility. Both fulvic acid powder and B. paralicheniformis ferment improved soil microbial diversity and increased the complexity and stability of the microbial network. For B. paralicheniformis ferment, the molecular weight of poly-gamma-glutamic acid became smaller after heating, which could better improve the soil microbial community and network structure. In fulvic acid and B. paralicheniformis ferment-treated soils, the synergistic interaction between microorganisms increased and the number of keystone microorganisms increased, which included antagonistic bacteria and plant growth-promoting bacteria. Changes in the microbial community and network structure were the main reason for the reduced incidence of bacterial wilt disease. Application of fulvic acid and Bacillus paralicheniformis ferment improved soil physicochemical properties and effectively controlled bacterial wilt disease by changing microbial community and network structure and enriching antagonistic and beneficial bacteria. IMPORTANCE Continuous cropping tobacco has led to soil degradation and caused soilborne bacterial wilt disease. Fulvic acid as a biostimulator was applied to restore soil and control bacterial wilt disease. For improving its effect, fulvic acid was fermented with Bacillus paralicheniformis strain 285-3 producing poly-gamma-glutamic acid. Fulvic acid and B. paralicheniformis ferment inhibited bacterial wilt disease, improved soil quality, enriched beneficial bacteria, and increased microbial diversity and microbial network complexity. Some keystone microorganisms in fulvic acid and B. paralicheniformis ferment-treated soils had potential antimicrobial activity and plant growth-promoting attributes. Fulvic acid and B. paralicheniformis 285-3 ferment could be used to restore soil quality and microbiota and control bacterial wilt disease. This study found new biomaterial to control soilborne bacterial disease by combining fulvic acid and poly-gamma-glutamic acid application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyun Zhao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Di Zhu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Tan
- Enshi Tobacco Company of Hubei Province, Enshi, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Enshi Tobacco Company of Hubei Province, Enshi, China
| | - Gaofu Qi
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Ramanathan R, Hatzios SK. Activity-based Tools for Interrogating Host Biology During Infection. Isr J Chem 2023; 63:e202200095. [PMID: 37744997 PMCID: PMC10512441 DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202200095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Host cells sense and respond to pathogens by dynamically regulating cell signaling. The rapid modulation of signaling pathways is achieved by post-translational modifications (PTMs) that can alter protein structure, function, and/or binding interactions. By using chemical probes to broadly profile changes in enzyme function or side-chain reactivity, activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) can reveal PTMs that regulate host-microbe interactions. While ABPP has been widely utilized to uncover microbial mechanisms of pathogenesis, in this review, we focus on more recent applications of this technique to the discovery of host PTMs and enzymes that modulate signaling within infected cells. Collectively, these advances underscore the importance of ABPP as a tool for interrogating the host response to infection and identifying potential targets for host-directed therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renuka Ramanathan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
- Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516 USA
| | - Stavroula K. Hatzios
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
- Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516 USA
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
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Huang M, Tan X, Song B, Wang Y, Cheng D, Wang B, Chen H. Comparative genomic analysis of Ralstonia solanacearum reveals candidate avirulence effectors in HA4-1 triggering wild potato immunity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1075042. [PMID: 36909411 PMCID: PMC9997847 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1075042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Ralstonia solanacearum is the causal agent of potato bacterial wilt, a major potato bacterial disease. Among the pathogenicity determinants, the Type III Secretion System Effectors (T3Es) play a vital role in the interaction. Investigating the avirulent T3Es recognized by host resistance proteins is an effective method to uncover the resistance mechanism of potato against R. solanacearum. Two closely related R. solanacearum strains HA4-1 and HZAU091 were found to be avirulent and highly virulent to the wild potato Solanum albicans 28-1, respectively. The complete genome of HZAU091 was sequenced in this study. HZAU091 and HA4-1 shared over 99.9% nucleotide identity with each other. Comparing genomics of closely related strains provides deeper insights into the interaction between hosts and pathogens, especially the mechanism of virulence. The comparison of type III effector repertoires between HA4-1 and HZAU091 uncovered seven distinct effectors. Two predicted effectors RipA5 and the novel effector RipBS in HA4-1 could significantly reduce the virulence of HZAU091 when they were transformed into HZAU091. Furthermore, the pathogenicity assays of mutated strains HA4-1 ΔRipS6, HA4-1 ΔRipO1, HA4-1 ΔRipBS, and HA4-1 ΔHyp6 uncovered that the absence of these T3Es enhanced the HA4-1 virulence to wild potato S. albicans 28-1. This result indicated that these T3Es may be recognized by S. albicans 28-1 as avirulence proteins to trigger the resistance. In summary, this study provides a foundation to unravel the R. solanacearum-potato interaction and facilitates the development of resistance potato against bacterial wilt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengshu Huang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaodan Tan
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Guangdong University Key Laboratory for Sustainable Control of Fruit and Vegetable Diseases and Pests & Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Botao Song
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dong Cheng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bingsen Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huilan Chen
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Complete Genome Sequence of Ralstonia solanacearum Strain Bs715, a Member of Biovar 4 and a Strong Pathogen of Bacterial Wilt on Solanum lycopersicum. Microbiol Resour Announc 2023; 12:e0088322. [PMID: 36688649 PMCID: PMC9933660 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00883-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ralstonia solanacearum is a notorious pathogen of bacterial wilt on Solanum lycopersicum. Most isolates from diseased tomato tissues are biovar 3, and their genomes are publicly available; however, information on biovar 4 strains is limited. Here, the complete genome sequence of R. solanacearum Bs715, a biovar 4 strain, is presented.
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Li Y, Qi G, Xie Z, Li B, Wang R, Tan J, Shi H, Xiang B, Zhao X. The Endophytic Root Microbiome Is Different in Healthy and Ralstonia solanacearum-Infected Plants and Is Regulated by a Consortium Containing Beneficial Endophytic Bacteria. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0203122. [PMID: 36515552 PMCID: PMC9927471 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02031-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant bacterial wilt disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum leads to huge economic losses worldwide. Endophytes play vital roles in promoting plant growth and health. It is hypothesized that the endophytic root microbiome and network structure are different in healthy and diseased plants. Here, the endophytic root microbiomes and network structures of healthy and diseased tobacco plants were investigated. Composition and network structures of endophytic root microbiomes were distinct between healthy and diseased plants. Healthy plants were enriched with more beneficial bacteria and bacteria with antagonistic activity against R. solanacearum. R. solanacearum was most abundant in diseased plants. Microbial networks in diseased plants had fewer modules and edges, lower connectivity, and fewer keystone microorganisms than those in healthy plants. Almost half of the nodes were unique in the two networks. Ralstonia was identified as a key microorganism of the diseased-plant network. In healthy plants, abundant bacteria and biomarkers (Pseudomonas and Streptomyces) and keystone microorganisms (Bacillus, Lysobacter, and Paenibacillus) were plant-beneficial bacteria and showed antibacterial and plant growth-promoting activities. The endophytic strain Bacillus velezensis E9 produced bacillaene to inhibit R. solanacearum. Consortia containing keystone microorganisms and beneficial endophytic bacteria significantly regulated the endophytic microbiome and attenuated bacterial wilt by inducing systemic resistance and producing antibiotic. Overall, the endophytic root microbiome and network structure in diseased plants were different from those in healthy plants. The endophytic root microbiome of diseased plants had low abundances of beneficial bacteria and an unstable network and lacked beneficial keystone microorganisms, which favored infection. Synthetic microbial consortia were effective measures for preventing R. solanacearum infection. IMPORTANCE Bacterial wilt disease causes heavy yield losses in many crops. Endophytic microbiomes play important roles in control of plant diseases. However, the role of the endophytic root microbiome in controlling bacterial wilt disease is poorly understood. Here, differences in endophytic root microbiomes and network structures between healthy and diseased tobacco plants are reported. A synthetic microbial consortium containing beneficial endophytic bacteria was used to regulate the endophytic microbiome and attenuate bacterial wilt disease. The results could be generally used to guide control of bacterial wilt disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gaofu Qi
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ziqiong Xie
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Baolong Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Enshi Tobacco Company of Hubei Province, Enshi, China
| | - Jun Tan
- Enshi Tobacco Company of Hubei Province, Enshi, China
| | - Heli Shi
- Enshi Tobacco Company of Hubei Province, Enshi, China
| | - Bikun Xiang
- Enshi Tobacco Company of Hubei Province, Enshi, China
| | - Xiuyun Zhao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Shi H, Liu Y, Ding A, Wang W, Sun Y. Induced defense strategies of plants against Ralstonia solanacearum. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1059799. [PMID: 36778883 PMCID: PMC9910360 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1059799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants respond to Ralstonia solanacearum infestation through two layers of immune system (PTI and ETI). This process involves the production of plant-induced resistance. Strategies for inducing resistance in plants include the formation of tyloses, gels, and callose and changes in the content of cell wall components such as cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, lignin, and suberin in response to pathogen infestation. When R. solanacearum secrete cell wall degrading enzymes, plants also sense the status of cell wall fragments through the cell wall integrity (CWI) system, which activates deep-seated defense responses. In addition, plants also fight against R. solanacearum infestation by regulating the distribution of metabolic networks to increase the production of resistant metabolites and reduce the production of metabolites that are easily exploited by R. solanacearum. We review the strategies used by plants to induce resistance in response to R. solanacearum infestation. In particular, we highlight the importance of plant-induced physical and chemical defenses as well as cell wall defenses in the fight against R. solanacearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoqi Shi
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- The Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Tobacco Breeding and Biotechnology Research Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Anming Ding
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Weifeng Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yuhe Sun
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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Almeida OAC, de Araujo NO, Dias BHS, de Sant’Anna Freitas C, Coerini LF, Ryu CM, de Castro Oliveira JV. The power of the smallest: The inhibitory activity of microbial volatile organic compounds against phytopathogens. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:951130. [PMID: 36687575 PMCID: PMC9845590 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.951130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant diseases caused by phytopathogens result in huge economic losses in agriculture. In addition, the use of chemical products to control such diseases causes many problems to the environment and to human health. However, some bacteria and fungi have a mutualistic relationship with plants in nature, mainly exchanging nutrients and protection. Thus, exploring those beneficial microorganisms has been an interesting and promising alternative for mitigating the use of agrochemicals and, consequently, achieving a more sustainable agriculture. Microorganisms are able to produce and excrete several metabolites, but volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have huge biotechnology potential. Microbial VOCs are small molecules from different chemical classes, such as alkenes, alcohols, ketones, organic acids, terpenes, benzenoids and pyrazines. Interestingly, volatilomes are species-specific and also change according to microbial growth conditions. The interaction of VOCs with other organisms, such as plants, insects, and other bacteria and fungi, can cause a wide range of effects. In this review, we show that a large variety of plant pathogens are inhibited by microbial VOCs with a focus on the in vitro and in vivo inhibition of phytopathogens of greater scientific and economic importance in agriculture, such as Ralstonia solanacearum, Botrytis cinerea, Xanthomonas and Fusarium species. In this scenario, some genera of VOC-producing microorganisms stand out as antagonists, including Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Serratia and Streptomyces. We also highlight the known molecular and physiological mechanisms by which VOCs inhibit the growth of phytopathogens. Microbial VOCs can provoke many changes in these microorganisms, such as vacuolization, fungal hyphal rupture, loss of intracellular components, regulation of metabolism and pathogenicity genes, plus the expression of proteins important in the host response. Furthermore, we demonstrate that there are aspects to investigate by discussing questions that are still not very clear in this research area, especially those that are essential for the future use of such beneficial microorganisms as biocontrol products in field crops. Therefore, we bring to light the great biotechnological potential of VOCs to help make agriculture more sustainable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octávio Augusto Costa Almeida
- Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory (LNBR), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil,Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Natália Oliveira de Araujo
- Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory (LNBR), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil,Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Bruno Henrique Silva Dias
- Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory (LNBR), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil,Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Carla de Sant’Anna Freitas
- Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory (LNBR), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil,Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Luciane Fender Coerini
- Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory (LNBR), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil,Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Choong-Min Ryu
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea,Biosystems and Bioengineering Program, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Juliana Velasco de Castro Oliveira
- Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory (LNBR), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil,Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil,*Correspondence: Juliana Velasco de Castro Oliveira,
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Xu H, Fan Y, Xia X, Liu Z, Yang S. Effect of Ginkgo biloba leaves on the removal efficiency of Cr(VI) in soil and its underlying mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114431. [PMID: 36167113 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cr(VI) is a toxic, teratogenic, and carcinogenic heavy metal element in soil that poses major ecological and human health risks. In this study, microcosm tests combined with X-ray absorption near-edge spectra (XANES) and 16Sr DNA amplification techniques were used to explore the effect of Ginkgo biloba leaves on the removal efficiency of Cr(VI) in soil and its underlying mechanism. Ginkgo biloba leaves had a favorable remediation effect on soil varying in Cr(VI) contamination levels, and the optimal effect was observed when 5% Ginkgo biloba leaves were added. The occurrence state of Cr(VI) in soil before and after the addition of Ginkgo biloba leaves was analyzed by XANES, which revealed that Cr(VI) was fully converted to the more biologically innocuous Cr(III), and the hydroxyl-containing quercetin in Ginkgo biloba leaves was one of the primary components mediating this reduction reaction. The Cr(VI) content was significantly lower in non-sterilized soil than in sterilized soil, suggesting that soil microorganisms play a key role in the remediation process. The addition of Ginkgo biloba leaves decreased the α-diversity and altered the β-diversity of the soil bacterial community. Actinobacteria was the dominant phylum in the soil remediated by Ginkgo biloba leaves; four genera of Cr(VI)-reducing bacteria were also enriched, including Agrococcus, Klebsiella, Streptomyces, and Microbacterium. Functional gene abundances predicted by PICRUST indicated that the expression of glutathione synthesis genes was substantially up-regulated, which might be the main metabolic pathway underlying the mitigation of Cr(VI) toxicity in soil by Cr(VI)-reducing bacteria. In sum, Ginkgo biloba leaves can effectively remove soil Cr(VI) and reduce Cr(VI) to Cr(III) via quercetin in soil, which also functions as a carbon source to drive the production of glutathione via Cr(VI)-reducing bacteria and mitigate Cr(VI) toxicity. The findings of this study elucidate the chemical and microbial mechanisms of Cr(VI) removal in soil by Ginkgo biloba leaves and provide insights that could be used to enhance the remediation of Cr(VI)-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hefeng Xu
- National Engineering Research Centre of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Key Laboratory for Risk Modeling and Remediation of Contaminated Sites, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, No. 59 Beiyingfang Middle Street, Xicheng District, 100037, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yanling Fan
- National Engineering Research Centre of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Key Laboratory for Risk Modeling and Remediation of Contaminated Sites, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, No. 59 Beiyingfang Middle Street, Xicheng District, 100037, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xu Xia
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agricultural, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, 100081, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zengjun Liu
- National Engineering Research Centre of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Key Laboratory for Risk Modeling and Remediation of Contaminated Sites, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, No. 59 Beiyingfang Middle Street, Xicheng District, 100037, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Shuo Yang
- National Engineering Research Centre of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Key Laboratory for Risk Modeling and Remediation of Contaminated Sites, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, No. 59 Beiyingfang Middle Street, Xicheng District, 100037, Beijing, PR China
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Chen N, Shao Q, Lu Q, Li X, Gao Y. Transcriptome analysis reveals differential transcription in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) following inoculation with Ralstonia solanacearum. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22137. [PMID: 36550145 PMCID: PMC9780229 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26693-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a major Solanaceae crop worldwide and is vulnerable to bacterial wilt (BW) caused by Ralstonia solanacearum during the production process. BW has become a growing concern that could enormously deplete the tomato yield from 50 to 100% and decrease the quality. Research on the molecular mechanism of tomato regulating BW resistance is still limited. In this study, two tomato inbred lines (Hm 2-2, resistant to BW; and BY 1-2, susceptible to BW) were used to explore the molecular mechanism of tomato in response to R. solanacearum infection by RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) technology. We identified 1923 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between Hm 2-2 and BY 1-2 after R. solanacearum inoculation. Among these DEGs, 828 were up-regulated while 1095 were down-regulated in R-3dpi (Hm 2-2 at 3 days post-inoculation with R. solanacearum) vs. R-mock (mock-inoculated Hm 2-2); 1087 and 2187 were up- and down-regulated, respectively, in S-3dpi (BY 1-2 at 3 days post-inoculation with R. solanacearum) vs. S-mock (mock-inoculated BY 1-2). Moreover, Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis revealed that the largest amount of DEGs were annotated with the Biological Process terms, followed by Cellular Component and Molecular Function terms. A total of 114, 124, 85, and 89 regulated (or altered) pathways were identified in R-3dpi vs. R-mock, S-3dpi vs. S-mock, R-mock vs. S-mock, and R-3dpi vs. S-3dpi comparisons, respectively, by Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. These clarified the molecular function and resistance pathways of DEGs. Furthermore, quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis confirmed the expression patterns of eight randomly selected DEGs, which suggested that the RNA-seq results were reliable. Subsequently, in order to further verify the reliability of the transcriptome data and the accuracy of qRT-PCR results, WRKY75, one of the eight DEGs was silenced by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) and the defense response of plants to R. solanacearum infection was analyzed. In conclusion, the findings of this study provide profound insight into the potential mechanism of tomato in response to R. solanacearum infection, which lays an important foundation for future studies on BW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Chen
- grid.449868.f0000 0000 9798 3808College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yichun, 336000 China
| | - Qin Shao
- grid.449868.f0000 0000 9798 3808College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yichun, 336000 China
| | - Qineng Lu
- grid.449868.f0000 0000 9798 3808College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yichun, 336000 China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- grid.449868.f0000 0000 9798 3808College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yichun, 336000 China
| | - Yang Gao
- grid.449868.f0000 0000 9798 3808College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yichun, 336000 China
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Chen S, Xiang X, Ma H, Penttinen P, Zheng T, Huang X, Fan G. Response of soil bacterial communities in wheat rhizosphere to straw mulching and N fertilization. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:982109. [PMID: 36569087 PMCID: PMC9780536 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.982109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Straw mulching and N fertilization are effective in augmenting crop yields. Since their combined effects on wheat rhizosphere bacterial communities remain largely unknown, our aim was to assess how the bacterial communities respond to these agricultural measures. We studied wheat rhizosphere microbiomes in a split-plot design experiment with maize straw mulching (0 and 8,000 kg straw ha-1) as the main-plot treatment and N fertilization (0, 120 and 180 kg N ha-1) as the sub-plot treatment. Bacterial communities in the rhizosphere were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and quantitative PCR. Most of the differences in soil physicochemical properties and rhizosphere bacterial communities were detected between the straw mulching (SM) and no straw mulching (NSM) treatments. The contents of soil organic C (SOC), total N (TN), NH4 +-N, available N (AN), available P (AP) and available K (AK) were higher with than without mulching. Straw mulching led to greater abundance, diversity and richness of the rhizosphere bacterial communities. The differences in bacterial community composition were related to differences in soil temperature and SOC, AP and AK contents. Straw mulching altered the soil physiochemical properties, leading to greater bacterial diversity and richness of the rhizosphere bacterial communities, likely mostly due to the increase in SOC content that provided an effective C source for the bacteria. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria was high in all treatments and most of the differentially abundant OTUs were proteobacterial. Multiple OTUs assigned to Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi and Actinobacteria were enriched in the SM treatment. Putative plant growth promoters were enriched both in the SM and NSM treatments. These findings indicate potential strategies for the agricultural management of soil microbiomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songhe Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-physiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Root Biology Center, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoling Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-physiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongliang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-physiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Petri Penttinen
- Department of Microbiology College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ting Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-physiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiulan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-physiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Gaoqiong Fan
- Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-physiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Distribution of CRISPR-Cas systems in the Burkholderiaceae family and its biological implications. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:703. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03312-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Lu CH, Chen W, Yin HH, Lin ZL, Li JY, Ma JH, Gai XT, Jiang N, Cao ZH, Qian L, Zhang LQ, Jin Y, Xia ZY. Ralstonia wenshanensis sp. nov., a novel bacterium isolated from a tobacco field in Yunnan, China. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2022; 72. [PMID: 36748420 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A Gram-negative, aerobic, motile with paired polar flagella and rod-shaped bacterium strain (56D2T) was isolated from tobacco planting soil in Yunnan, PR China. Major fatty acids were C16 : 1 ω7c (summed feature 3), C16 : 0 and C18 : 1 ω7c (summed feature 8). The polar lipid profile of strain 56D2T consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified aminophospholipid and one unidentified glycolipid. Moreover, strain 56D2T contained ubiquinone Q-8 as the sole respiratory quinone. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain 56D2T was closely related to members of the genus Ralstonia and the two type strains with the highest sequence identities were R. mannitolilytica LMG 6866T (98.36 %) and R. pickettii K-288T (98.22 %). The 16S rRNA gene sequence identities between strain 56D2T and other members of the genus Ralstonia were below 98.00 %. Genome sequencing revealed a genome size of 5.87 Mb and a G+C content of 63.7 mol%. The average nucleotide identity values between strain 56D2T and R. pickettii K-288T, R. mannitolilytica LMG 6866 T and R. insidiosa CCUG 46789T were less than 95 %, and the in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values (yielded by formula 2) were less than 70 %. Based on these data, we conclude that strain 56D2T represents a novel species of the genus Ralstonia, for which the name Ralstonia wenshanensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Ralstonia wenshanensis sp. nov. is 56D2T (=CCTCC AB 2021466T=GDMCC 1.2886T=JCM 35178T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Can-Hua Lu
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650021, PR China
| | - Wei Chen
- Colledge of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Hong-Hui Yin
- Wenshan Branch of Yunnan Provincial Tobacco Company, Wenshan 663000, PR China
| | - Zhong-Long Lin
- China National Tobacco Corporation Yunnan Company, Kunming 650011, PR China
| | - Jun-Ying Li
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650021, PR China
| | - Jun-Hong Ma
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650021, PR China
| | - Xiao-Tong Gai
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650021, PR China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650021, PR China
| | - Zheng-Hua Cao
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650021, PR China
| | - Lei Qian
- Hongta Branch of Yuxi Tobacco Company, Yuxi 653100, PR China
| | - Li-Qun Zhang
- Colledge of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yan Jin
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650021, PR China
| | - Zhen-Yuan Xia
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650021, PR China
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Chuang CY, Lin ST, Li AT, Li SH, Hsiao CY, Lin YH. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens PMB05 Increases Resistance to Bacterial Wilt by Activating Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase and Reactive Oxygen Species Pathway Crosstalk in Arabidopsis thaliana. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 112:2495-2502. [PMID: 35793151 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-04-22-0134-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum can infect many crops, causing significant losses worldwide. The use of beneficial microorganisms is considered a feasible method for controlling this disease. Our previous study showed that Bacillus amyloliquefaciens PMB05 can control bacterial wilt through intensifying immune signals triggered by a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) from R. solanacearum. It is still uncertain whether induction of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway during PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) is responsible for enhancing disease resistance. To gain more insights on how the presence of PMB05 regulates PTI signaling, its association with the MAPK pathway was assayed. Our results showed that the activation of MPK3/6 and expression of wrky22 upon treatment with the PAMP, PopW, was increased during co-treatment with PMB05. Moreover, the disease resistance conferred by PMB05 to bacterial wilt was abolished in mekk1, mkk5, and mpk6 mutants. To determine the relationship between the MAPK pathway and plant immune signals, the assay on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and callose deposition showed that only the ROS generation was strongly reduced in these mutants. Because ROS generation is highly correlated with RbohD, the results revealed that the effects of PMB05 on both PopW-induced ROS generation and disease resistance to bacterial wilt were eliminated in the rbohD mutant, suggesting that the generation of ROS is also required for PMB05-enhanced disease resistance. Taken together, we concluded that the crosstalk between the initiation of ROS generation and further activation of the MAPK pathway is necessary when PMB05 is used to improve disease resistance to bacterial wilt. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-Yu Chuang
- Department of Plant Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Si-Ting Lin
- Department of Plant Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Ting Li
- Department of Plant Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Sin-Hua Li
- Department of Plant Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Hsiao
- Department of Plant Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsien Lin
- Department of Plant Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
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Shi H, Xu P, Wu S, Yu W, Cheng Y, Chen Z, Yang X, Yu X, Li B, Ding A, Wang W, Sun Y. Analysis of rhizosphere bacterial communities of tobacco resistant and non-resistant to bacterial wilt in different regions. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18309. [PMID: 36316337 PMCID: PMC9622857 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20293-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco bacterial wilt has seriously affected tobacco production. Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) induced tobacco bacterial wilt resistant mutants are important for the control of tobacco bacterial wilt. High-throughput sequencing technology was used to study the rhizosphere bacterial community assemblages of bacterial wilt resistant mutant tobacco rhizosphere soil (namely KS), bacterial wilt susceptible tobacco rhizosphere soil (namely GS) and bulk soil (namely BS) in Xuancheng, Huanxi, Yibin and Luzhou. Alpha analysis showed that the bacterial community diversity and richness of KS and GS in the four regions were not significantly different. However, analysis of intergroup variation in the top 15 bacterial communities in terms of abundance showed that the bacterial communities of KS and GS were significantly different from BS, respectively. In addition, pH, alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen (AN) and soil organic carbon (SOC) were positively correlated with the bacterial community of KS and negatively correlated with GS in the other three regions except Huanxi. Network analysis showed that the three soils in the four regions did not show a consistent pattern of network complexity. PICRUSt functional prediction analysis showed that the COG functions were similar in all samples. All colonies were involved in RNA processing and modification, chromatin structure and dynamics, etc. In conclusion, our experiments showed that rhizosphere bacterial communities of tobacco in different regions have different compositional patterns, which are strongly related to soil factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoqi Shi
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Peiwen Xu
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shengxin Wu
- Fujian Institute of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350003, China
| | - Wen Yu
- Fujian Institute of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350003, China
| | - Yazhi Cheng
- Fujian Institute of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350003, China
| | - Zhihua Chen
- Sichuan Tobacco Science Institute, Sichuan Branch of China National Tobacco Corporation, Chengdu, 615000, China
| | - Xingyou Yang
- Sichuan Tobacco Science Institute, Sichuan Branch of China National Tobacco Corporation, Chengdu, 615000, China
| | - Xiangwen Yu
- Sichuan Tobacco Science Institute, Sichuan Branch of China National Tobacco Corporation, Chengdu, 615000, China
| | - Bingjie Li
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Anming Ding
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
| | - Weifeng Wang
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
| | - Yuhe Sun
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
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