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Shen Z, Yang X, Sun Y, Jiang C, Cheng L, Liu D, Wen L, Yang A. Integrated transmission electron microscopy and proteomic analyses reveal the cytoarchitectural response to cucumber mosaic virus infection in tobacco. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:130100. [PMID: 38350582 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) causes huge economic losses to agriculture every year; thus, understanding the mechanism of plant resistance to CMV is imperative. In this study, an integrated analysis of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations and proteomic results was used to identify cytoarchitectural differences in Nicotiana tabacum cv. NC82 (susceptible) and cv. Taiyan 8 (T.T.8; resistant) following infection with CMV. The TEM observations showed that the structure of the chloroplasts and mitochondria was severely damaged at the late stage of infection in NC82. Moreover, the chloroplast stroma and mitochondrial cristae were reduced and disaggregated. However, in T.T.8, organelle structure remained largely intact Selective autophagy predominated in T.T.8, whereas non-selective autophagy dominated in NC82, resembling cellular disorder. Proteomic analysis of T.T.8 revealed differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) mostly associated with photosynthesis, respiration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, and cellular autophagy. Biochemical analyses revealed that ROS-related catalase, autophagy-related disulfide isomerase, and jasmonic acid and antioxidant secondary metabolite synthesis-related 4-coumarate:CoA ligase (Nt4CL) exhibited different trends and significant differences in expression in the two cultivars after CMV inoculation. Furthermore, mutant phenotyping verified that reduced Nt4CL expression impaired resistance in T.T.8. The identified DEPs are crucial for maintaining intracellular homeostatic balance and likely contribute to the mechanism of CMV resistance in tobacco. These findings increase our understanding of plant cytological mechanisms conferring resistance to CMV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Shen
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoning Yang
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao, China
| | - Yiwen Sun
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao, China
| | - Caihong Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao, China
| | - Lirui Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao, China.
| | - Liuying Wen
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao, China.
| | - Aiguo Yang
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao, China.
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2
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Ahmed R, Kaldis A, Voloudakis A. Silencing of a Nicotiana benthamiana ascorbate oxidase gene reveals its involvement in resistance against cucumber mosaic virus. PLANTA 2024; 259:38. [PMID: 38227024 PMCID: PMC10791908 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04313-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Silencing of an ascorbate oxidase (AO) gene in N. benthamiana enhanced disease severity from cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), showing higher accumulation and expansion of the spreading area of CMV. A Nicotiana benthamiana ascorbate oxidase (NbAO) gene was found to be induced upon cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) infection. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) was employed to elucidate the function of AO in N. benthamiana. The tobacco rattle virus (TRV)-mediated VIGS resulted in an efficient silencing of the NbAO gene, i.e., 97.5% and 78.8% in relative quantification as compared to the control groups (TRV::eGFP- and the mock-inoculated plants), respectively. In addition, AO enzymatic activity decreased in the TRV::NtAO-silenced plants as compared to control. TRV::NtAO-mediated NbAO silencing induced a greater reduction in plant height by 15.2% upon CMV infection. CMV titer at 3 dpi was increased in the systemic leaves of NbAO-silenced plants (a 35-fold change difference as compared to the TRV::eGFP-treated group). Interestingly, CMV and TRV titers vary in different parts of systemically infected N. benthamiana leaves. In TRV::eGFP-treated plants, CMV accumulated only at the top half of the leaf, whereas the bottom half of the leaf was "occupied" by TRV. In contrast, in the NbAO-silenced plants, CMV accumulated in both the top and the bottom half of the leaf, suggesting that the silencing of the NbAO gene resulted in the expansion of the spreading area of CMV. Our data suggest that the AO gene might function as a resistant factor against CMV infection in N. benthamiana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma Ahmed
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855, Athens, Greece
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, 785013, India
| | - Athanasios Kaldis
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Voloudakis
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855, Athens, Greece.
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3
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Plant Protection against Viruses: An Integrated Review of Plant Immunity Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054453. [PMID: 36901884 PMCID: PMC10002506 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant viruses are an important class of pathogens that seriously affect plant growth and harm crop production. Viruses are simple in structure but complex in mutation and have thus always posed a continuous threat to agricultural development. Low resistance and eco-friendliness are important features of green pesticides. Plant immunity agents can enhance the resilience of the immune system by activating plants to regulate their metabolism. Therefore, plant immune agents are of great importance in pesticide science. In this paper, we review plant immunity agents, such as ningnanmycin, vanisulfane, dufulin, cytosinpeptidemycin, and oligosaccharins, and their antiviral molecular mechanisms and discuss the antiviral applications and development of plant immunity agents. Plant immunity agents can trigger defense responses and confer disease resistance to plants, and the development trends and application prospects of plant immunity agents in plant protection are analyzed in depth.
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4
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Xu M, Risse J, Kormelink R. Cap-snatching as a possible contributor to photosynthesis shut-off. J Gen Virol 2022; 103. [PMID: 35947091 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cap-snatching is a mechanism applied by segmented, negative strand (-) RNA viruses (NSVs) to initiate genome transcription. So far, the cap donor source of cytoplasmic-replicating NSVs has remained elusive. Recently, studies pointed to processing body (P body, PB) as the potential source for providing capped RNAs but conclusive evidence is still lacking. To attempt identifying these sources, here the 5' non-viral leader sequences of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) N mRNAs were analysed by high-throughput sequencing (HTS) from plants subjected to normal and heat-stress conditions, and subsequently mapped on host donor transcripts. The majority of non-viral heterogenous, host-derived leader sequences ranged in size between ~10-20 nt and contained A or AG residues at the cleavage site and the presence of certain sequence motifs. Mapping the capped-leader sequences to the 5' UTR region of genes encoded by the Nicotiana tabacum genome, identified 348 donor genes and which were specifically enriched in cellular photosynthesis pathway. Nineteen of those were clearly expressed differentially at normal condition versus heat-stress conditions. Although the results did not point towards snatching of capped-RNA leader sequences from certain cytoplasmic RNA granules in particular, they indicated photosynthesis downregulation (and development of disease symptoms) partially result from cap-snatching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xu
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Judith Risse
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Kormelink
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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5
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Zhang B, Liu X, Sun Y, Xu L, Ren Z, Zhao Y, Han Y. Sclerospora graminicola Suppresses Plant Defense Responses by Disrupting Chlorophyll Biosynthesis and Photosynthesis in Foxtail Millet. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:928040. [PMID: 35903230 PMCID: PMC9317951 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.928040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Downy mildew of foxtail millet is an important oomycete disease caused by Sclerospora graminicola, affecting the yield and quality of the crop. Foxtail millet infected with S. graminicola exhibit symptoms of leaf yellowing and leaf cracking. To uncover the pathogenic mechanism of this disease, we explored the effects on chlorophyll synthesis and photosynthesis of foxtail millet leaves infected by S. graminicola. An elite foxtail millet variety, JG21, susceptible to S. graminicola, was used as for this study. S. graminicola inhibited chlorophyll synthesis and caused loose mesophyll cell arrangement. In addition, some cells were severely vacuolated in S. graminicola-infected foxtail millet leaves at the early stages of infection. S. graminicola could invade the mesophyll cells through haustoria which destroyed the chloroplast structure at the middle stages of infection causing significant accumulation of osmiophilic particles (OPs) and disintegrated chloroplast grana lamellae. Furthermore, foxtail millet leaves split longitudinally at the later stages of infection. Chlorophyll and carotenoid contents in infected leaves decreased significantly compared with those in the control. Net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of leaves and stomatal conductance showed a downward trend, and intercellular carbon dioxide concentrations increased significantly following the infection with S. graminicola. A total of 1,618 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected between the control group and the treatment groups using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) among S1-S5 stages. DEGs associated with "photosynthesis" and "light reaction" were enriched. Gene expression patterns showed that 91.3% of 23 genes related to chlorophyll synthesis and photosynthesis, were significantly down-regulated than the control during S1-S5 stages. Based on the gene expression dataset, weighed gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) with 19 gene co-expression modules related to photosynthesis revealed six hub genes related to chlorophyll synthesis, which were suppressed during infection. The results suggest that infection of S. graminicola led to weak chlorophyll synthesis and rapid chloroplasts disappearance in foxtail millet. The defense responses and resistance of foxtail millet to S. graminicola were inhibited because chloroplast structure and function were destroyed in leaves, and the sexual reproduction in S. graminicola could be completed rapidly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojun Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Minor Crop Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xu Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yurong Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lin Xu
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhixian Ren
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yaofei Zhao
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Minor Crop Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yuanhuai Han
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Minor Crop Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Taiyuan, China
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6
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Qiu S, Chen X, Zhai Y, Cui W, Ai X, Rao S, Chen J, Yan F. Downregulation of Light-Harvesting Complex II Induces ROS-Mediated Defense Against Turnip Mosaic Virus Infection in Nicotiana benthamiana. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:690988. [PMID: 34290685 PMCID: PMC8287655 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.690988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b complex protein 3 (LHCB3) of photosystem II plays important roles distributing the excitation energy and modulating the rate of state transition and stomatal response to abscisic acid. However, the functions of LHCB3 in plant immunity have not been well investigated. Here, we show that the expression of LHCB3 in Nicotiana benthamiana (NbLHCB3) was down-regulated by turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) infection. When NbLHCB3 was silenced by tobacco rattle virus-induced gene silencing, systemic infection of TuMV was inhibited. H2O2 was over-accumulated in NbLHCB3-silenced plants. Chemical treatment to inhibit or eliminate reactive oxygen species (ROS) impaired the resistance of the NbLHCB3-silenced plants to TuMV infection. Co-silencing of NbLHCB3 with genes involved in ROS production compromised the resistance of plants to TuMV but co-silencing of NbLHCB3 with genes in the ROS scavenging pathway increased resistance to the virus. Transgenic plants overexpressing NbLHCB3 were more susceptible to TuMV. These results indicate that downregulation of NbLHCB3 is involved in defense against TuMV by inducing ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyou Qiu
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuwei Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yushan Zhai
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weijun Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuhong Ai
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaofei Rao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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7
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Wrzesińska B, Zmienko A, Vu LD, De Smet I, Obrępalska-Stęplowska A. Multiple cellular compartments engagement in Nicotiana benthamiana-peanut stunt virus-satRNA interactions revealed by systems biology approach. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:1247-1267. [PMID: 34028582 PMCID: PMC8233301 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02706-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE PSV infection changed the abundance of host plant's transcripts and proteins associated with various cellular compartments, including ribosomes, chloroplasts, mitochondria, the nucleus and cytosol, affecting photosynthesis, translation, transcription, and splicing. Virus infection is a process resulting in numerous molecular, cellular, and physiological changes, a wide range of which can be analyzed due to development of many high-throughput techniques. Plant RNA viruses are known to replicate in the cytoplasm; however, the roles of chloroplasts and other cellular structures in the viral replication cycle and in plant antiviral defense have been recently emphasized. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the small RNAs, transcripts, proteins, and phosphoproteins affected during peanut stunt virus strain P (PSV-P)-Nicotiana benthamiana interactions with or without satellite RNA (satRNA) in the context of their cellular localization or functional connections with particular cellular compartments to elucidate the compartments most affected during pathogenesis at the early stages of infection. Moreover, the processes associated with particular cell compartments were determined. The 'omic' results were subjected to comparative data analyses. Transcriptomic and small RNA (sRNA)-seq data were obtained to provide new insights into PSV-P-satRNA-plant interactions, whereas previously obtained proteomic and phosphoproteomic data were used to broaden the analysis to terms associated with cellular compartments affected by virus infection. Based on the collected results, infection with PSV-P contributed to changes in the abundance of transcripts and proteins associated with various cellular compartments, including ribosomes, chloroplasts, mitochondria, the nucleus and the cytosol, and the most affected processes were photosynthesis, translation, transcription, and mRNA splicing. Furthermore, sRNA-seq and phosphoproteomic analyses indicated that kinase regulation resulted in decreases in phosphorylation levels. The kinases were associated with the membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Wrzesińska
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Protection, National Research Institute, 20 Władysława Węgorka Street, 60-318, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Zmienko
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12/14 Noskowskiego Street, 61-704, Poznan, Poland
- Faculty of Computing Science, Institute of Computing Science, Poznań University of Technology, 2 Piotrowo Street, 60-965, Poznan, Poland
| | - Lam Dai Vu
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ive De Smet
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Aleksandra Obrępalska-Stęplowska
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Protection, National Research Institute, 20 Władysława Węgorka Street, 60-318, Poznan, Poland.
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8
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He L, Liu H, Cheng C, Xu M, He L, Li L, Yao J, Zhang W, Zhai Z, Luo Q, Sun J, Yang T, Xu S. RNA sequencing reveals transcriptomic changes in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) following NtCPS2 knockdown. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:467. [PMID: 34162328 PMCID: PMC8220664 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07796-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amber-like compounds form in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) during leaf curing and impact aromatic quality. In particular, cis-abienol, a polycyclic labdane-related diterpenoid, is of research interest as a precursor of these compounds. Glandular trichome cells specifically express copalyl diphosphate synthase (NtCPS2) at high levels in tobacco, which, together with NtABS, are major regulators of cis-abienol biosynthesis in tobacco. RESULTS To identify the genes involved in the biosynthesis of cis-abienol in tobacco, we constructed transgenic tobacco lines based on an NtCPS2 gene-knockdown model using CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing technology to inhibit NtCPS2 function in vitro. In mutant plants, cis-abienol and labdene diol contents decreased, whereas the gibberellin and abscisic acid (ABA) contents increased compared with those in wild-type tobacco plants. RNA sequencing analysis revealed the presence of 9514 differentially expressed genes (DEGs; 4279 upregulated, 5235 downregulated) when the leaves of wild-type and NtCPS2-knockdown tobacco plants were screened. Among these DEGs, the genes encoding cis-abienol synthase, ent-kaurene oxidase, auxin/ABA-related proteins, and transcription factors were found to be involved in various biological and physiochemical processes, including diterpenoid biosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction, and plant-pathogen interactions. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides insight into the unique transcriptome profile of NtCPS2 knockdown tobacco, allowing for a better understanding of the biosynthesis of cis-abienol in tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiao He
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, National Tobacco Cultivation & Physiology & Biochemistry Research Centre, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Henan, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Huabing Liu
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Zhejiang Industry Co, Ltd., Hangzhou, 310008 China
| | - Changhe Cheng
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Zhejiang Industry Co, Ltd., Hangzhou, 310008 China
| | - Min Xu
- China National Tobacco Corporation Henan company, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan China
| | - Lei He
- China National Tobacco Corporation Henan company, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan China
| | - Lihua Li
- China National Tobacco Corporation Henan company, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan China
| | - Jian Yao
- China National Tobacco Corporation Henan company, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Hunan Tobacco Corporation Changsha Company, Changsha, 410007 Hunan China
| | - Zhengguang Zhai
- Hunan Tobacco Corporation Changsha Company, Changsha, 410007 Hunan China
| | - Qinzhan Luo
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Tobacco Corporation Baise Company, Baise, 533000 Guangxi China
| | - Jutao Sun
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, National Tobacco Cultivation & Physiology & Biochemistry Research Centre, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Henan, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Tiezhao Yang
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, National Tobacco Cultivation & Physiology & Biochemistry Research Centre, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Henan, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Shixiao Xu
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, National Tobacco Cultivation & Physiology & Biochemistry Research Centre, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Henan, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
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9
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He L, Jin P, Chen X, Zhang TY, Zhong KL, Liu P, Chen JP, Yang J. Comparative proteomic analysis of Nicotiana benthamiana plants under Chinese wheat mosaic virus infection. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:51. [PMID: 33468046 PMCID: PMC7816467 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02826-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chinese wheat mosaic virus (CWMV) is a severe threat to winter wheat and is transmitted by Polymyxa graminis. The mechanisms of interactions between CWMV and plants are poorly understood. In this study, a comparative proteomics analysis based on nanoliquid chromatography mass spectrometry (MS)/MS was conducted to characterize proteomic changes in plants responding to CWMV infection. RESULTS In total, 2751 host proteins were identified, 1496 of which were quantified and 146 up-regulated and 244 down-regulated proteins were identified as differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that DEPs were most strongly associated with photosynthesis antenna proteins, MAPK signaling plant and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism pathways. Subcellular localization analysis predicted that more than half of the DEPs were localized in the chloroplast, an organelle indispensable for abscisic acid (ABA) synthesis. Our results suggest that CWMV infection interrupts normal chloroplast functions and decreases ABA concentrations in Nicotiana benthamiana. Further analysis showed that the ABA pathway was suppressed during CWMV infection and that ABA treatment induced plant hosts defenses against CWMV. CONCLUSIONS We identified several candidate proteins expressed during CWMV infection, and the ABA pathway was strongly associated with responses to CWMV infection in N. benthamiana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long He
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Peng Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Tian-Ye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Kai-Li Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jian-Ping Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
| | - Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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10
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Sáez C, Flores-León A, Montero-Pau J, Sifres A, Dhillon NPS, López C, Picó B. RNA-Seq Transcriptome Analysis Provides Candidate Genes for Resistance to Tomato Leaf Curl New Delhi Virus in Melon. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:798858. [PMID: 35116050 PMCID: PMC8805612 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.798858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) emerged in the Mediterranean Basin in 2012 as the first DNA bipartite begomovirus (Geminiviridae family), causing severe yield and economic losses in cucurbit crops. A major resistance locus was identified in the wild melon accession WM-7 (Cucumis melo kachri group), but the mechanisms involved in the resistant response remained unknown. In this work, we used RNA-sequencing to identify disease-associated genes that are differentially expressed in the course of ToLCNDV infection and could contribute to resistance. Transcriptomes of the resistant WM-7 genotype and the susceptible cultivar Piñonet Piel de Sapo (PS) (C. melo ibericus group) in ToLCNDV and mock inoculated plants were compared at four time points during infection (0, 3, 6, and 12 days post inoculation). Different gene expression patterns were observed over time in the resistant and susceptible genotypes in comparison to their respective controls. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in ToLCNDV-infected plants were classified using gene ontology (GO) terms, and genes of the categories transcription, DNA replication, and helicase activity were downregulated in WM-7 but upregulated in PS, suggesting that reduced activity of these functions reduces ToLCNDV replication and intercellular spread and thereby contributes to resistance. DEGs involved in the jasmonic acid signaling pathway, photosynthesis, RNA silencing, transmembrane, and sugar transporters entail adverse consequences for systemic infection in the resistant genotype, and lead to susceptibility in PS. The expression levels of selected candidate genes were validated by qRT-PCR to corroborate their differential expression upon ToLCNDV infection in resistant and susceptible melon. Furthermore, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) with an effect on structural functionality of DEGs linked to the main QTLs for ToLCNDV resistance have been identified. The obtained results pinpoint cellular functions and candidate genes that are differentially expressed in a resistant and susceptible melon line in response to ToLCNDV, an information of great relevance for breeding ToLCNDV-resistant melon cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Sáez
- Institute for the Conservation and Breeding of Agricultural Biodiversity, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
- *Correspondence: Cristina Sáez,
| | - Alejandro Flores-León
- Institute for the Conservation and Breeding of Agricultural Biodiversity, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Montero-Pau
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alicia Sifres
- Institute for the Conservation and Breeding of Agricultural Biodiversity, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Narinder P. S. Dhillon
- World Vegetable Center, East and Southeast Asia, Research and Training Station, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Carmelo López
- Institute for the Conservation and Breeding of Agricultural Biodiversity, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
- Carmelo López,
| | - Belén Picó
- Institute for the Conservation and Breeding of Agricultural Biodiversity, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
- Belén Picó,
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11
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Shen C, Wei C, Li J, Zhang X, Zhong Q, Li Y, Bai B, Wu Y. Barley yellow dwarf virus-GAV-derived vsiRNAs are involved in the production of wheat leaf yellowing symptoms by targeting chlorophyll synthase. Virol J 2020; 17:158. [PMID: 33087133 PMCID: PMC7576850 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-020-01434-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wheat yellow dwarf virus disease is infected by barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV), which causes leaf yellowing and dwarfing symptoms in wheat, thereby posing a serious threat to China's food production. The infection of plant viruses can produce large numbers of vsiRNAs, which can target host transcripts and cause symptom development. However, few studies have been conducted to explore the role played by vsiRNAs in the interaction between BYDV-GAV and host wheat plants. METHODS In this study, small RNA sequencing was conducted to profile vsiRNAs in BYDV-GAV-infected wheat plants. The putative targets of vsiRNAs were predicted by the bioinformatics software psRNATarget. RT-qPCR and VIGS were employed to identify the function of selected target transcripts. To confirm the interaction between vsiRNA and the target, 5' RACE was performed to analyze the specific cleavage sites. RESULTS From the sequencing data, we obtained a total of 11,384 detected vsiRNAs. The length distribution of these vsiRNAs was mostly 21 and 22 nt, and an A/U bias was observed at the 5' terminus. We also observed that the production region of vsiRNAs had no strand polarity. The vsiRNAs were predicted to target 23,719 wheat transcripts. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis demonstrated that these targets were mostly involved in cell components, catalytic activity and plant-pathogen interactions. The results of RT-qPCR analysis showed that most chloroplast-related genes were downregulated in BYDV-GAV-infected wheat plants. Silencing of a chlorophyll synthase gene caused leaf yellowing that was similar to the symptoms exhibited by BYDV-GAV-inoculated wheat plants. A vsiRNA from an overlapping region of BYDV-GAV MP and CP was observed to target chlorophyll synthase for gene silencing. Next, 5' RACE validated that vsiRNA8856 could cleave the chlorophyll synthase transcript in a sequence-specific manner. CONCLUSIONS This report is the first to demonstrate that BYDV-GAV-derived vsiRNAs can target wheat transcripts for symptom development, and the results of this study help to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying leaf yellowing after viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Caiyan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Jingyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xudong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Qinrong Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Bixin Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yunfeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
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12
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Islam S, Bhor SA, Tanaka K, Sakamoto H, Yaeno T, Kaya H, Kobayashi K. Transcriptome Analysis Shows Activation of Stress and Defense Responses by Silencing of Chlorophyll Biosynthetic Enzyme CHLI in Transgenic Tobacco. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7044. [PMID: 32987929 PMCID: PMC7582866 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we have shown the transcriptional changes in a chlorosis model transgenic tobacco plant, i-amiCHLI, in which an artificial micro RNA is expressed in a chemically inducible manner to silence the expression of CHLI genes encoding a subunit of a chlorophyll biosynthetic enzyme. Comparison to the inducer-treated and untreated control non-transformants and untreated i-amiCHLI revealed that 3568 and 3582 genes were up- and down-regulated, respectively, in the inducer-treated i-amiCHLI plants. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis of these differentially expressed genes indicated the upregulation of the genes related to innate immune responses, and cell death pathways, and the downregulation of genes for photosynthesis, plastid organization, and primary and secondary metabolic pathways in the inducer-treated i-amiCHLI plants. The cell death in the chlorotic tissues with a preceding H2O2 production was observed in the inducer-treated i-amiCHLI plants, confirming the activation of the immune response. The involvement of activated innate immune response in the chlorosis development was supported by the comparative expression analysis between the two transgenic chlorosis model systems, i-amiCHLI and i-hpHSP90C, in which nuclear genes encoding different chloroplast proteins were similarly silenced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaikhul Islam
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan; (S.I.); (S.A.B.); (T.Y.); (H.K.)
| | - Sachin Ashok Bhor
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan; (S.I.); (S.A.B.); (T.Y.); (H.K.)
| | - Keisuke Tanaka
- NODAI Genome Research Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan;
| | - Hikaru Sakamoto
- Faculty of Bio-Industry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Abashiri, Hokkaido 099-2493, Japan;
| | - Takashi Yaeno
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan; (S.I.); (S.A.B.); (T.Y.); (H.K.)
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
- Research Unit for Citromics, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Kaya
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan; (S.I.); (S.A.B.); (T.Y.); (H.K.)
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
- Research Unit for Citromics, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
| | - Kappei Kobayashi
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan; (S.I.); (S.A.B.); (T.Y.); (H.K.)
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
- Research Unit for Citromics, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
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13
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Islam S, Bhor SA, Tanaka K, Sakamoto H, Yaeno T, Kaya H, Kobayashi K. Impaired Expression of Chloroplast HSP90C Chaperone Activates Plant Defense Responses with a Possible Link to a Disease-Symptom-Like Phenotype. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4202. [PMID: 32545608 PMCID: PMC7352560 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-seq analysis of a transgenic tobacco plant, i-hpHSP90C, in which chloroplast HSP90C genes can be silenced in an artificially inducible manner resulting in the development of chlorosis, revealed the up- and downregulation of 2746 and 3490 genes, respectively. Gene ontology analysis of these differentially expressed genes indicated the upregulation of ROS-responsive genes; the activation of the innate immunity and cell death pathways; and the downregulation of genes involved in photosynthesis, plastid organization, and cell cycle. Cell death was confirmed by trypan blue staining and electrolyte leakage assay, and the H2O2 production was confirmed by diaminobenzidine staining. The results collectively suggest that the reduced levels of HSP90C chaperone lead the plant to develop chlorosis primarily through the global downregulation of chloroplast- and photosynthesis-related genes and additionally through the light-dependent production of ROS, followed by the activation of immune responses, including cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaikhul Islam
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan; (S.I.); (S.A.B.); (T.Y.); (H.K.)
| | - Sachin Ashok Bhor
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan; (S.I.); (S.A.B.); (T.Y.); (H.K.)
| | - Keisuke Tanaka
- NODAI Genome Research Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan;
| | - Hikaru Sakamoto
- Faculty of Bio-Industry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Abashiri, Hokkaido 099-2493, Japan;
| | - Takashi Yaeno
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan; (S.I.); (S.A.B.); (T.Y.); (H.K.)
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
- Research Unit for Citromics, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Kaya
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan; (S.I.); (S.A.B.); (T.Y.); (H.K.)
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
- Research Unit for Citromics, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
| | - Kappei Kobayashi
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan; (S.I.); (S.A.B.); (T.Y.); (H.K.)
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
- Research Unit for Citromics, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
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14
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Han K, Zheng H, Ji M, Cui W, Hu S, Peng J, Zhao J, Lu Y, Lin L, Liu Y, Chen J, Yan F. A single amino acid in coat protein of Pepper mild mottle virus determines its subcellular localization and the chlorosis symptom on leaves of pepper. J Gen Virol 2020; 101:565-570. [PMID: 32149597 PMCID: PMC7414450 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) causes serious economic losses in pepper production in China. In a survey for viral diseases on pepper, two PMMoV isolates (named PMMoV-ZJ1 and PMMoV-ZJ2) were identified with different symptoms in Zhejiang province. Sequence alignment analysis suggested there were only four amino acid differences between the isolates: Val262Gly, Ile629Met and Ala1164Thr in the replicase, and Asp20Asn in the coat protein. Infectious cDNA clones of both isolates were constructed and shown to cause distinctive symptoms. Chlorosis symptoms appeared only on PMMoV-ZJ2-infected plants and the Asp20Asn substitution in the CP was shown to be responsible. Confocal assays revealed that the subcellular localization pattern of the two CPs was different, CP20Asp was mainly located at the cell periphery, whereas most CP20Asn located in the chloroplast. Thus, a single amino acid in the CP determined the chlorosis symptom, accompanied by an altered subcellular localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelei Han
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Hongying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Mengfei Ji
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Weijun Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Shuzhen Hu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Jiejun Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Jinping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Yuwen Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Lin Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Yong Liu
- Hunan Institute of Plant Protection, Changsha 410125, PR China
| | - Jianping Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China
| | - Fei Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China
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15
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Shi W, Yao R, Sunwu R, Huang K, Liu Z, Li X, Yang Y, Wang J. Incidence and Molecular Identification of Apple Necrotic Mosaic Virus (ApNMV) in Southwest China. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9040415. [PMID: 32231064 PMCID: PMC7237995 DOI: 10.3390/plants9040415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Apple mosaic disease has a great influence on apple production. In this study, an investigation into the incidence of apple mosaic disease in southwest China was performed, and the pathogen associated with the disease was detected. The results show that 2869 apple trees with mosaic disease were found in the Sichuan, Yunnan, and Guizhou Provinces, with an average incidence of 9.6%. Although apple mosaic virus (ApMV) is widespread in apples worldwide, the diseased samples were negative when tested for ApMV. However, a novel ilarvirus (apple necrotic mosaic virus, ApNMV) was identified in mosaic apple leaves which tested negative for ApMV. RT-PCR analysis indicated that ApNMV was detected in 322 out of 357 samples with mosaic symptoms. Phylogenetic analysis of coat protein (CP) sequences of ApNMV isolates suggested that, compared with ApMV, ApNMV was closer to prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV). The CP sequences of the isolates showed the diversity of ApNMV, which may enable the virus to adapt to the changeable environments. In addition, the pathology of mosaic disease was observed by microscope, and the result showed that the arrangement of the tissue and the shape of the cell, including the organelle, were seriously destroyed or drastically changed.
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16
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Rossitto De Marchi B, Kinene T, Krause-Sakate R, Boykin LM, Ndunguru J, Kehoe M, Ateka E, Tairo F, Amisse J, Sseruwagi P. Genetic diversity and SNP's from the chloroplast coding regions of virus-infected cassava. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8632. [PMID: 32175188 PMCID: PMC7058106 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cassava is a staple food crop in sub-Saharan Africa; it is a rich source of carbohydrates and proteins which currently supports livelihoods of more than 800 million people worldwide. However, its continued production is at stake due to vector-transmitted diseases such as Cassava mosaic disease and Cassava brown streak disease. Currently, the management and control of viral diseases in cassava relies mainly on virus-resistant cultivars of cassava. Thus, the discovery of new target genes for plant virus resistance is essential for the development of more cassava varieties by conventional breeding or genetic engineering. The chloroplast is a common target for plant viruses propagation and is also a potential source for discovering new resistant genes for plant breeding. Non-infected and infected cassava leaf samples were obtained from different locations of East Africa in Tanzania, Kenya and Mozambique. RNA extraction followed by cDNA library preparation and Illumina sequencing was performed. Assembling and mapping of the reads were carried out and 33 partial chloroplast genomes were obtained. Bayesian phylogenetic analysis from 55 chloroplast protein-coding genes of a dataset with 39 taxa was performed and the single nucleotide polymorphisms for the chloroplast dataset were identified. Phylogenetic analysis revealed considerable genetic diversity present in chloroplast partial genome among cultivated cassava of East Africa. The results obtained may supplement data of previously selected resistant materials and aid breeding programs to find diversity and achieve resistance for new cassava varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Rossitto De Marchi
- Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Wimauma, FL, USA
- Department of Plant Protection, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, FCA, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tonny Kinene
- School of Molecular Sciences and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Renate Krause-Sakate
- Department of Plant Protection, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, FCA, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laura M. Boykin
- School of Molecular Sciences and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Joseph Ndunguru
- Mikocheni Agricultural Research Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Monica Kehoe
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development Diagnostic Laboratory Service, South Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Elijah Ateka
- Department of Horticulture, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Fred Tairo
- Mikocheni Agricultural Research Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Jamisse Amisse
- Mozambique Agricultural Research Institute, Nampula, Mozambique
| | - Peter Sseruwagi
- Mikocheni Agricultural Research Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
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17
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Lou L, Su X, Liu X, Liu Z. Transcriptome analysis of Luffa cylindrica (L.) Roem response to infection with Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Gene 2020; 737:144451. [PMID: 32035243 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) can cause serious losses in Luffa cylindrica (L.) Roem. Chemical application to control CMV is ineffective and environmentally unfriendly. The development of resistant hybrids is the best way to control CMV disease. Elucidating the virus-host interaction of CMV and molecular basis underlying Luffa spp. resistance against CMV would undoubtedly facilitate breeding for resistance against CMV disease. Transcriptome sequencing was used to analyze differentially expressed genes (DEGs) caused by CMV infection. A total of 138,336 unigenes were assembled, and 74,525 unigenes were annotated. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis indicated that the three major enrichment pathways (according to the p-values) were flavonoid biosynthesis, sulfur metabolism, and photosynthesis. Genes involved in basal defenses, probably R genes, were determined to be related to CMV resistance. Using quantitative real-time PCR, we validated the differential expression of 8 genes. A number of genes associated with CMV resistance were found in this study. This study provides transcriptomic information regarding CMV-Luffa spp. interactions and will shed light on our understanding of host-virus interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Lou
- Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210014, China.
| | - Xiaojun Su
- Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210014, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210014, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210014, China
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18
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Xu M, Chen J, Huang Y, Shen D, Sun P, Xu Y, Tao X. Dynamic Transcriptional Profiles of Arabidopsis thaliana Infected by Tomato spotted wilt virus. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2020; 110:153-163. [PMID: 31544594 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-06-19-0199-fi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is a negative-stranded RNA virus that infects hundreds of plant species, causing great economic loss. Infected Arabidopsis thaliana plants develop symptoms including chlorosis and wilt, which can lead to cell death. From 9 to 15 days after TSWV infection, symptoms progress through a three-stage process of appearance, severity, and death. In this study, deep sequencing technology was first used to explore gene expression in response to TSWV infection in model plant A. thaliana at different symptom development stages. We found that plant immune defense and protein degradation are induced by TSWV infection and that both inductions became stronger over time. The photosynthesis pathway was attenuated with TSWV infection. Cell wall metabolism had a large extent of downregulation while some genes were upregulated. These results illustrate the dynamic nature of TSWV infection in A. thaliana at the whole-transcriptome level. The link between biological processes and subpathway metabolism was further analyzed. Our study provides new insight into host regulatory networks and dynamic processes in response to TSWV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Danyu Shen
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaorong Tao
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
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19
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Wang L, Poque S, Valkonen JPT. Phenotyping viral infection in sweetpotato using a high-throughput chlorophyll fluorescence and thermal imaging platform. PLANT METHODS 2019; 15:116. [PMID: 31649744 PMCID: PMC6805361 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-019-0501-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Virus diseases caused by co-infection with Sweet potato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV) and Sweetpotato chlorotic stunt virus (SPCSV) are a severe problem in the production of sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.). Traditional molecular virus detection methods include nucleic acid-based and serological tests. In this study, we aimed to validate the use of a non-destructive imaging-based plant phenotype platform to study plant-virus synergism in sweetpotato by comparing four virus treatments with two healthy controls. RESULTS By monitoring physiological and morphological effects of viral infection in sweetpotato over 29 days, we quantified photosynthetic performance from chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) imaging and leaf thermography from thermal infrared (TIR) imaging among sweetpotatoes. Moreover, the differences among different treatments observed from ChlF and TIR imaging were related to virus accumulation and distribution in sweetpotato. These findings were further validated at the molecular level by related gene expression in both photosynthesis and carbon fixation pathways. CONCLUSION Our study validated for the first time the use of ChlF- and TIR-based imaging systems to distinguish the severity of virus diseases related to SPFMV and SPCSV in sweetpotato. In addition, we demonstrated that the operating efficiency of PSII and photochemical quenching were the most sensitive parameters for the quantification of virus effects compared with maximum quantum efficiency, non-photochemical quenching, and leaf temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linping Wang
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sylvain Poque
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari P. T. Valkonen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Abdelkhalek A, Ismail IA, Dessoky ES, El-Hallous EI, Hafez E. A tomato kinesin-like protein is associated with Tobacco mosaic virus infection. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2019.1673207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abdelkhalek
- Plant Protection and Bimolecular Diagnosis Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute (ALCRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El Arab, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ismail A. Ismail
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eldessoky S. Dessoky
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ehab I. El-Hallous
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Arish University, Al-Arish, Egypt
| | - Elsayed Hafez
- Plant Protection and Bimolecular Diagnosis Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute (ALCRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El Arab, Alexandria, Egypt
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21
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Kushwaha NK, Mansi, Sahu PP, Prasad M, Chakrabroty S. Chilli leaf curl virus infection downregulates the expression of the genes encoding chloroplast proteins and stress-related proteins. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 25:1185-1196. [PMID: 31564781 PMCID: PMC6745583 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-019-00693-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Virus infection alters the expression of several host genes involved in various cellular and biological processes in plants. Most of the studies performed till now have mainly focused on genes which are up-regulated and later projected them as probable stress tolerant/susceptible genes. Nevertheless, genes which are down-regulated during plant-virus interaction could also play a critical role on disease development as well as in combating the virus infection. Hence, to identify such down-regulated genes and pathway, we performed reverse suppression subtractive hybridization in Capsicum annuum var. Punjab Lal following Chilli leaf curl virus (ChiLCV) infection. The screening and further processing suggested that majority of the genes (approximately 35% ESTs) showed homology with the genes encoding chloroplast proteins and 16% genes involved in the biotic and abiotic stress response. Additionally, we identified several genes, functionally known to be involved in metabolic processes, protein synthesis and degradation, ribosomal proteins, energy production, DNA replication and transcription, and transporters. We also found 3% transcripts which did not show homology with any known genes. The redundancy analysis revealed the maximum percentage of chlorophyll a-b binding protein (15/96) and auxin-binding proteins (13/96). We developed a protein interactome network to characterise the relationships between proteins and pathway involved during the ChiLCV infection. We identified that the most of the interaction occurs either among the chloroplast proteins (Arabidopsis proteins interactive map) or biotic and abiotic stress responsive proteins (Solanum lycopersicum interactome). Taken together, our study provides the first transcriptome and protein interactome of the down-regulated genes during C. annuum-ChiLCV interaction. These resources could be exploited in deciphering the steps involved in the process of virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirbhay Kumar Kushwaha
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Mansi
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Pranav Pankaj Sahu
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Manoj Prasad
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Supriya Chakrabroty
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
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22
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Sheng Y, Yang L, Li C, Wang Y, Guo H. Transcriptomic changes in Nicotiana tabacum leaves during mosaic virus infection. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:220. [PMID: 31114744 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1740-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
To provide a detailed insight into the early biological process of tobacco mosaic disease, transcriptomic changes in tobacco leaves were surveyed at 1, 3 and 5 days after mono-infected by Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and co-infected by Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and TMV. At the three different stages, there were 2372, 3168 and 2045 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in mono-infected leaves, and 2388, 3281 and 3417 DEGs were identified in co-infected leaves. There were 836, 1538 and 1185 common DEGs between the mono-infection and co-infection at the three time points, respectively. These common DEGs were enriched in the pathways, such as photosynthesis, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, plant-pathogen interaction, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. Photosynthesis pathway was observably down-regulated, and defense response pathways were markedly up-regulated. These pathways have been found to be related to tobacco mosaic disease. Of these common DEGs, the changes in expression of argonaute proteins, thioredoxins and peroxidases showed that the activation of RNA silencing and the destruction of redox balance can be induced by tobacco mosaic virus infection, resulting in the reset of biology process and damage in tobacco plants. Additionally, the occurrence of symptoms in co-infected tobacco plants was more early and serious than mono-infection, indicating that there is synergy between TMV and CMV in co-infected tobacco plants. The timely usage of antiviral agents and plant resistance inducers can decrease the incidence of tobacco mosaic disease through changing the expression of some DEGs, indicating that these genes can be used to screen novel plant resistance inducers and antiviral agents. Overall, our results were helpful in clarifying the mechanism of tobacco mosaic disease and provided novel strategies for the prevention of tobacco mosaic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Sheng
- 1College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan China
| | - Lijun Yang
- Zhumadian Branch of Henan Province Tobacco Company, Zhumadian, 463000 Henan China
| | - Chunfu Li
- 1College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan China
| | - Yuping Wang
- 1College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan China
| | - Hongxiang Guo
- 1College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan China
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23
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Souza PFN, Garcia-Ruiz H, Carvalho FEL. What proteomics can reveal about plant-virus interactions? Photosynthesis-related proteins on the spotlight. THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 31:227-248. [PMID: 31355128 PMCID: PMC6660014 DOI: 10.1007/s40626-019-00142-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant viruses are responsible for losses in worldwide production of numerous economically important food and fuel crops. As obligate cellular parasites with very small genomes, viruses rely on their hosts for replication, assembly, intra- and intercellular movement, and attraction of vectors for dispersal. Chloroplasts are photosynthesis and are the site of replication for several viruses. When viruses replicate in chloroplasts, photosynthesis, an essential process in plant physiology, is inhibited. The mechanisms underlying molecular and biochemical changes during compatible and incompatible plants-virus interactions, are only beginning to be elucidated, including changes in proteomic profiles induced by virus infections. In this review, we highlight the importance of proteomic studies to understand plant-virus interactions, especially emphasizing the changes in photosynthesis-related protein accumulation. We focus on: (a) chloroplast proteins that differentially accumulate during viral infection; (b) the significance with respect to chloroplast-virus interaction; and (c) alterations in plant's energetic metabolism and the subsequently the plant defense mechanisms to overcome viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro F N Souza
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Hernan Garcia-Ruiz
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Fabricio E L Carvalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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24
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Liu D, Zhao Q, Cheng Y, Li D, Jiang C, Cheng L, Wang Y, Yang A. Transcriptome analysis of two cultivars of tobacco in response to Cucumber mosaic virus infection. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3124. [PMID: 30816259 PMCID: PMC6395745 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39734-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is among the most important plant virus infections, inducing a variety of disease symptoms. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying plant responses to CMV infection remain poorly understood. In this study, we performed RNA sequencing analysis of tolerant (Taiyan8) and susceptible (NC82) tobacco cultivars on CMV-infected plants, using mock-inoculated plants as a control. The propagation of CMV in inoculated leaves did not show obvious difference between two cultivars, whereas virus accumulation in systemic leaves of Taiyan8 was smaller than those of NC82 at the same time point. We observed 765 and 1,011 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in Taiyan8 and NC82, respectively, in CMV-inoculated leaves. DEGs related to reactive oxygen species, salicylic acid signal transduction, and plant-pathogen interaction were upregulated or downregulated in Taiyan8, which indicates that defense response pathways to CMV were activated in the tolerant cultivar. In addition, we identified several DEGs related to disease defense and stress resistance showing opposing expression patterns in the two cultivars. Our comparative transcriptome analysis will improve our understanding of the mechanisms of CMV tolerance in plants, and will be of great importance in the molecular breeding of CMV- tolerant genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Yazeng Cheng
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Dandan Li
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Caihong Jiang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Lirui Cheng
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Yuanying Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Aiguo Yang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
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25
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Zhao J, Xu J, Chen B, Cui W, Zhou Z, Song X, Chen Z, Zheng H, Lin L, Peng J, Lu Y, Deng Z, Chen J, Yan F. Characterization of Proteins Involved in Chloroplast Targeting Disturbed by Rice Stripe Virus by Novel Protoplast⁻Chloroplast Proteomics. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E253. [PMID: 30634635 PMCID: PMC6358847 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice stripe virus (RSV) is one of the most devastating viral pathogens in rice and can also cause the general chlorosis symptom in Nicotiana benthamiana plants. The chloroplast changes associated with chlorosis symptom suggest that RSV interrupts normal chloroplast functions. Although the change of proteins of the whole cell or inside the chloroplast in response to RSV infection have been revealed by proteomics, the mechanisms resulted in chloroplast-related symptoms and the crucial factors remain to be elucidated. RSV infection caused the malformation of chloroplast structure and a global reduction of chloroplast membrane protein complexes in N. benthamiana plants. Here, both the protoplast proteome and the chloroplast proteome were acquired simultaneously upon RSV infection, and the proteins in each fraction were analyzed. In the protoplasts, 1128 proteins were identified, among which 494 proteins presented significant changes during RSV; meanwhile, 659 proteins were identified from the chloroplasts, and 279 of these chloroplast proteins presented significant change. According to the label-free LC⁻MS/MS data, 66 nucleus-encoded chloroplast-related proteins (ChRPs), which only reduced in chloroplast but not in the whole protoplast, were identified, indicating that these nuclear-encoded ChRPswere not transported to chloroplasts during RSV infection. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis confirmed that RSV infection changed the biological process of protein targeting to chloroplast, where 3 crucial ChRPs (K4CSN4, K4CR23, and K4BXN9) were involved in the regulation of protein targeting into chloroplast. In addition to these 3 proteins, 41 among the 63 candidate proteins were characterized to have chloroplast transit peptides. These results indicated that RSV infection changed the biological process of protein targeting into chloroplast and the location of ChRPs through crucial protein factors, which illuminated a new layer of RSV⁻host interaction that might contribute to the symptom development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
- Texas A&M University AgriLife Research Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75252, USA.
| | - Jingjing Xu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Binghua Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
- Center of Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Weijun Cui
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Zhongjing Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Xijiao Song
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Zhuo Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
- Center of Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Hongying Zheng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Lin Lin
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Jiejun Peng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Yuwen Lu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Zhiping Deng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Jianping Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Fei Yan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
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Li K, Wu G, Li M, Ma M, Du J, Sun M, Sun X, Qing L. Transcriptome analysis of Nicotiana benthamiana infected by Tobacco curly shoot virus. Virol J 2018; 15:138. [PMID: 30176884 PMCID: PMC6122796 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-018-1044-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco curly shoot virus (TbCSV) is a monopartite begomovirus associated with betasatellite (Tobacco curly shoot betasatellite, TbCSB), which causes serious leaf curl disease on tomato and tobacco in China. It is interesting that TbCSV induced severe upward leaf curling in Nicotiana benthamiana, but in the presence of TbCSB, symptoms changed to be downward leaf curling. However, the mechanism of interactions between viral pathogenicity, host defense, viral-betasatellite interactions and virus-host interactions remains unclear. METHODS In this study, RNA-seq was used to analyze differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in N. benthamiana plants infected by TbCSV (Y35A) and TbCSV together with TbCSB (Y35AB) respectively. RESULTS Through mapping to N. benthamiana reference genome, 59,814 unigenes were identified. Transcriptome analysis revealed that a total of 4081 and 3196 DEGs were identified in Y35AB vs CK (control check) and Y35A vs CK, respectively. Both GO and KEGG analyses were conducted to classify the DEGs. Ten of the top 15 GO terms were enriched in both DEGs of Y35AB vs CK and Y35A vs CK, and these enriched GO terms mainly classified into three categories including biological process, cellular component and molecular function. KEGG pathway analysis indicated that 118 and 111 pathways were identified in Y35AB vs CK and Y35A vs CK, respectively, of which nine and six pathways were significantly enriched. Three major pathways in Y35AB vs CK involved in metabolic pathways, carbon metabolism and photosynthesis, while those in Y35A vs CK were related to Ribosome, Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism and DNA replication. We observed that 8 PR genes were significantly up-regulated and 44 LRR-RLK genes were significantly differentially expressed in Y35A treatment or in Y35AB treatment. In addition, 7 and 13 genes were identified to be significantly changed in biosynthesis and signal transduction pathway of brassinosteroid (BR) and jasmonic acid (JA) respectively. CONCLUSIONS These results presented here would be particularly useful to further elucidate the response of the host plant against virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716 People’s Republic of China
| | - Gentu Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716 People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingjun Li
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716 People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingge Ma
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiang Du
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716 People’s Republic of China
| | - Miao Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianchao Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Qing
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716 People’s Republic of China
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Obrępalska-Stęplowska A, Zmienko A, Wrzesińska B, Goralski M, Figlerowicz M, Zyprych-Walczak J, Siatkowski I, Pospieszny H. The Defense Response of Nicotiana benthamiana to Peanut Stunt Virus Infection in the Presence of Symptom Exacerbating Satellite RNA. Viruses 2018; 10:E449. [PMID: 30142955 PMCID: PMC6165542 DOI: 10.3390/v10090449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Peanut stunt virus (PSV) is a widespread disease infecting legumes. The PSV strains are classified into four subgroups and some are defined by the association of satellite RNAs (satRNAs). In the case of PSV, the presence of satRNAs alters the symptoms of disease in infected plants. In this study, we elucidated the plant response to PSV-G strain, which occurs in natural conditions without satRNA. However, it was found that it might easily acquire satRNA, which exacerbated pathogenesis in Nicotiana benthamiana. To explain the mechanisms underlying PSV infection and symptoms exacerbation caused by satRNA, we carried out transcriptome profiling of N. benthamiana challenged by PSV-G and satRNA using species-specific microarrays. Co-infection of plants with PSV-G + satRNA increased the number of identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) compared with the number identified in PSV-G-infected plants. In both treatments, the majority of up-regulated DEGs were engaged in translation, ribosome biogenesis, RNA metabolism, and response to stimuli, while the down-regulated DEGs were required for photosynthesis. The presence of satRNA in PSV-G-infected plants caused different trends in expression of DEGs associated with phosphorylation, ATP binding, and plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Obrępalska-Stęplowska
- Department of Entomology, Animal Pests and Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Protection-National Research Institute, 20 Władysława Węgorka Street, 60-318 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Zmienko
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12/14 Noskowskiego Street, 61-704 Poznań, Poland.
- Institute of Computing Science, Faculty of Computing Science, Poznań University of Technology, 2 Piotrowo Street, 60-965 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Barbara Wrzesińska
- Department of Entomology, Animal Pests and Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Protection-National Research Institute, 20 Władysława Węgorka Street, 60-318 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Michal Goralski
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12/14 Noskowskiego Street, 61-704 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Marek Figlerowicz
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12/14 Noskowskiego Street, 61-704 Poznań, Poland.
- Institute of Computing Science, Faculty of Computing Science, Poznań University of Technology, 2 Piotrowo Street, 60-965 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Joanna Zyprych-Walczak
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, University of Life Sciences in Poznań, Wojska Polskiego 28 Street, 60-637 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Idzi Siatkowski
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, University of Life Sciences in Poznań, Wojska Polskiego 28 Street, 60-637 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Henryk Pospieszny
- Department of Virology, Institute of Plant Protection-National Research Institute, 20 Władysława Węgorka Street, 60-318 Poznań, Poland.
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28
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Megias E, do Carmo LST, Nicolini C, Silva LP, Blawid R, Nagata T, Mehta A. Chloroplast Proteome of Nicotiana benthamiana Infected by Tomato Blistering Mosaic Virus. Protein J 2018; 37:290-299. [PMID: 29802510 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-018-9775-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Tymovirus is a genus of plant pathogenic viruses that infects several dicotyledonous plants worldwide, causing serious diseases in economically important crops. The known cytopathic effect on the host cell organelles involves chloroplast membrane deformation and the induction of vesicles in its periphery. These vesicles are known to be the location where tymoviral genomic RNA replication occurs. Tomato blistering mosaic virus (ToBMV) is a tymovirus recently identified in tomato plants in Brazil, which is able to infect several other plants, including tobacco. In this work, we investigated the chloroplast proteomic profile of ToBMV-infected N. benthamiana using bidimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and mass spectrometry, aiming to study the virus-host interaction related to the virus replication and infection. A total of approximately 200 spots were resolved, out of which 36 were differentially abundant. Differential spots were identified by mass spectrometry including photosynthesis-related and defense proteins. We identified proteins that may be targets of a direct interaction with viral proteins, such as ATP synthase β subunit, RNA polymerase beta-subunit, 50S ribosomal protein L6 and Trigger factor-like protein. The identification of these candidate proteins gives support for future protein-protein interaction studies to confirm their roles in virus replication and disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esau Megias
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Av. W5 Norte final, Brasília, DF, 70770-917, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luciano Paulino Silva
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Av. W5 Norte final, Brasília, DF, 70770-917, Brazil
| | - Rosana Blawid
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Tatsuya Nagata
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Angela Mehta
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Av. W5 Norte final, Brasília, DF, 70770-917, Brazil.
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Bhattacharyya D, Chakraborty S. Chloroplast: the Trojan horse in plant-virus interaction. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2018; 19:504-518. [PMID: 28056496 PMCID: PMC6638057 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The chloroplast is one of the most dynamic organelles of a plant cell. It carries out photosynthesis, synthesizes major phytohormones, plays an active part in the defence response and is crucial for interorganelle signalling. Viruses, on the other hand, are extremely strategic in manipulating the internal environment of the host cell. The chloroplast, a prime target for viruses, undergoes enormous structural and functional damage during viral infection. Indeed, large proportions of affected gene products in a virus-infected plant are closely associated with the chloroplast and the process of photosynthesis. Although the chloroplast is deficient in gene silencing machinery, it elicits the effector-triggered immune response against viral pathogens. Virus infection induces the organelle to produce an extensive network of stromules which are involved in both viral propagation and antiviral defence. From studies over the last few decades, the involvement of the chloroplast in the regulation of plant-virus interaction has become increasingly evident. This review presents an exhaustive account of these facts, with their implications for pathogenicity. We have attempted to highlight the intricacies of chloroplast-virus interactions and to explain the existing gaps in our current knowledge, which will enable virologists to utilize chloroplast genome-based antiviral resistance in economically important crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhriti Bhattacharyya
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life SciencesJawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew Delhi110 067India
| | - Supriya Chakraborty
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life SciencesJawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew Delhi110 067India
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Qiu Y, Zhang Y, Wang C, Lei R, Wu Y, Li X, Zhu S. Cucumber mosaic virus coat protein induces the development of chlorotic symptoms through interacting with the chloroplast ferredoxin I protein. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1205. [PMID: 29352213 PMCID: PMC5775247 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19525-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) infection could induce mosaic symptoms on a wide-range of host plants. However, there is still limited information regarding the molecular mechanism underlying the development of the symptoms. In this study, the coat protein (CP) was confirmed as the symptom determinant by exchanging the CP between a chlorosis inducing CMV-M strain and a green-mosaic inducing CMV-Q strain. A yeast two-hybrid analysis and bimolecular fluorescence complementation revealed that the chloroplast ferredoxin I (Fd I) protein interacted with the CP of CMV-M both in vitro and in vivo, but not with the CP of CMV-Q. The severity of chlorosis was directly related to the expression of Fd1, that was down-regulated in CMV-M but not in CMV-Q. Moreover, the silencing of Fd I induced chlorosis symptoms that were similar to those elicited by CMV-M. Subsequent analyses indicated that the CP of CMV-M interacted with the precursor of Fd I in the cytoplasm and disrupted the transport of Fd I into chloroplasts, leading to the suppression of Fd I functions during a viral infection. Collectively, our findings accentuate that the interaction between the CP of CMV and Fd I is the primary determinant for the induction of chlorosis in tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Qiu
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Yongjiang Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Chaonan Wang
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, China
- China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100129, China
| | - Rong Lei
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Yupin Wu
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, China.
| | - Xinshi Li
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, China.
| | - Shuifang Zhu
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, China.
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31
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Lei R, Du Z, Kong J, Li G, He Y, Qiu Y, Yan J, Zhu S. Blue Native/SDS-PAGE and iTRAQ-Based Chloroplasts Proteomics Analysis of Nicotiana tabacum Leaves Infected with M Strain of Cucumber Mosaic Virus Reveals Several Proteins Involved in Chlorosis Symptoms. Proteomics 2018; 18. [PMID: 29193783 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201700359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Virus infection in plants involves necrosis, chlorosis, and mosaic. The M strain of cucumber mosaic virus (M-CMV) has six distinct symptoms: vein clearing, mosaic, chlorosis, partial green recovery, complete green recovery, and secondary mosaic. Chlorosis indicates the loss of chlorophyll which is highly abundant in plant leaves and plays essential roles in photosynthesis. Blue native/SDS-PAGE combined with mass spectrum was performed to detect the location of virus, and proteomic analysis of chloroplast isolated from virus-infected plants was performed to quantify the changes of individual proteins in order to gain a global view of the total chloroplast protein dynamics during the virus infection. Among the 438 proteins quantified, 33 showed a more than twofold change in abundance, of which 22 are involved in the light-dependent reactions and five in the Calvin cycle. The dynamic change of these proteins indicates that light-dependent reactions are down-accumulated, and the Calvin cycle was up-accumulated during virus infection. In addition to the proteins involved in photosynthesis, tubulin was up-accumulated in virus-infected plant, which might contribute to the autophagic process during plant infection. In conclusion, this extensive proteomic investigation on intact chloroplasts of virus-infected tobacco leaves provided some important novel information on chlorosis mechanisms induced by virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Lei
- Institute of Plant Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhixin Du
- Guangxi Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Nanning, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Jun Kong
- Institute of Plant Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Guifen Li
- Institute of Plant Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yan He
- Animal and Plant and Food Testing Center, Tianjin Entry Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Yanhong Qiu
- Institute of Plant Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jin Yan
- Institute of Plant Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shuifang Zhu
- Institute of Plant Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, P. R. China
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32
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Chen L, Yan Z, Xia Z, Cheng Y, Jiao Z, Sun B, Zhou T, Fan Z. A Violaxanthin Deepoxidase Interacts with a Viral Suppressor of RNA Silencing to Inhibit Virus Amplification. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 175:1774-1794. [PMID: 29021224 PMCID: PMC5717725 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.00638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
RNA silencing plays a critical role against viral infection. To counteract this antiviral silencing, viruses have evolved various RNA silencing suppressors. Meanwhile, plants have evolved counter-counter defense strategies against RNA silencing suppression (RSS). In this study, the violaxanthin deepoxidase protein of maize (Zea mays), ZmVDE, was shown to interact specifically with the helper component-proteinase (HC-Pro; a viral RNA silencing suppressor) of Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) via its mature protein region by yeast two-hybrid assay, which was confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation in Nicotiana benthamiana cells. It was demonstrated that amino acids 101 to 460 in HC-Pro and the amino acid glutamine-292 in ZmVDE mature protein were essential for this interaction. The mRNA levels of ZmVDE were down-regulated 75% to 65% at an early stage of SCMV infection. Interestingly, ZmVDE, which normally localized in the chloroplasts and cytoplasm, could relocalize to HC-Pro-containing aggregate bodies in the presence of HC-Pro alone or SCMV infection. In addition, ZmVDE could attenuate the RSS activity of HC-Pro in a specific protein interaction-dependent manner. Subsequently, transient silencing of the ZmVDE gene facilitated SCMV RNA and coat protein accumulation. Taken together, our results suggest that ZmVDE interacts with SCMV HC-Pro and attenuates its RSS activity, contributing to decreased SCMV accumulation. This study demonstrates that a host factor can be involved in secondary defense responses against viral infection in monocot plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management-MOA, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhaoling Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management-MOA, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zihao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management-MOA, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuqin Cheng
- Department of Pomology/Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology for Tree Fruits-Key Laboratory of Beijing Municipality, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhiyuan Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management-MOA, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Biao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management-MOA, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management-MOA, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zaifeng Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management-MOA, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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33
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Geng C, Wang H, Liu J, Yan Z, Tian Y, Yuan X, Gao R, Li X. Transcriptomic changes in Nicotiana benthamiana plants inoculated with the wild-type or an attenuated mutant of Tobacco vein banding mosaic virus. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2017; 18:1175-1188. [PMID: 27539720 PMCID: PMC6638280 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco vein banding mosaic virus (TVBMV) is a potyvirus which mainly infects solanaceous crops. The helper component proteinase (HCpro) of a potyvirus is an RNA silencing suppressor protein and determines the severity of disease symptoms caused by different potyviruses, including TVBMV. It has been shown that substitution mutations introduced into the HCpro open reading frame (ORF) in a TVBMV infectious clone result in changes of Asp189 to Lys or Ile250 -Gln251 to Asp-Glu (Asp, aspartic acid; Gln, glutamine; Glu, glutamic acid; Ile, isoleucine). These amino acid changes eliminate the RNA silencing suppression activity of the mutant HCpro (HCm) and attenuate the disease symptoms caused by the mutant TVBMV (T-HCm) in Nicotiana benthamiana plants. Here, we used RNA-sequencing technology to compare gene expression in plants inoculated with the wild-type TVBMV (T-WT) with that in plants inoculated with T-HCm at 1, 2 and 10 days post-agroinfiltration (dpai). At 1 and 2 dpai, N. benthamiana genes related to the translation machinery were up-regulated, whereas genes related to lipid biosynthesis and metabolism or to responses to extracellular/external stimuli were down-regulated in leaves inoculated with T-WT or T-HCm. At 10 dpai, T-WT infection repressed photosynthesis-related genes. T-WT and T-HCm infections differentially perturbed the genes involved in the RNA silencing pathway. The salicylic acid and ethylene signalling pathways were induced, but the jasmonic acid signalling pathway was repressed after T-WT infection. Infections of T-WT and T-HCm also differentially regulated the genes involved in auxin signalling transduction, which is known to associate with the stunting phenotypes caused by TVBMV. These results illustrate the dynamic nature of TVBMV infection in N. benthamiana at the transcriptomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Geng
- Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anShandong271018China
- Key Laboratory for Agricultural MicrobiologyShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anShandong271018China
| | - Hong‐Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Agricultural MicrobiologyShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anShandong271018China
| | - Jin Liu
- Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anShandong271018China
| | - Zhi‐Yong Yan
- Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anShandong271018China
- Key Laboratory for Agricultural MicrobiologyShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anShandong271018China
| | - Yan‐Ping Tian
- Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anShandong271018China
- Key Laboratory for Agricultural MicrobiologyShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anShandong271018China
| | - Xue‐Feng Yuan
- Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anShandong271018China
- Key Laboratory for Agricultural MicrobiologyShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anShandong271018China
| | - Rui Gao
- Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anShandong271018China
| | - Xiang‐Dong Li
- Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anShandong271018China
- Key Laboratory for Agricultural MicrobiologyShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anShandong271018China
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Chen H, Adam Arsovski A, Yu K, Wang A. Deep sequencing leads to the identification of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A as a key element in Rsv1-mediated lethal systemic hypersensitive response to Soybean mosaic virus infection in soybean. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2017; 18:391-404. [PMID: 27019403 PMCID: PMC6638201 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Rsv1, a single dominant resistance locus in soybean, confers extreme resistance to the majority of Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) strains, but is susceptible to the G7 strain. In Rsv1-genotype soybean, G7 infection provokes a lethal systemic hypersensitive response (LSHR), a delayed host defence response. The Rsv1-mediated LSHR signalling pathway remains largely unknown. In this study, we employed a genome-wide investigation to gain an insight into the molecular interplay between SMV G7 and Rsv1-genotype soybean. Small RNA (sRNA), degradome and transcriptome sequencing analyses were used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and microRNAs (DEMs) in response to G7 infection. A number of DEGs, DEMs and microRNA targets, and the interaction network of DEMs and their target mRNAs responsive to G7 infection, were identified. Knock-down of one of the identified DEGs, the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A), diminished the LSHR and enhanced viral accumulation, suggesting the essential role of eIF5A in the G7-induced, Rsv1-mediated LSHR signalling pathway. This work provides an in-depth genome-wide analysis of high-throughput sequencing data, and identifies multiple genes and microRNA signatures that are associated with the Rsv1-mediated LSHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri‐Food CanadaOttawaONCanadaN5T 4T3
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Western OntarioLondonONCanadaN6A 5B7
| | - Andrej Adam Arsovski
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri‐Food CanadaOttawaONCanadaN5T 4T3
| | - Kangfu Yu
- Greenhouse and Processing Crops Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri‐Food CanadaHarrowONCanadaN0R 1G0
| | - Aiming Wang
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri‐Food CanadaOttawaONCanadaN5T 4T3
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Western OntarioLondonONCanadaN6A 5B7
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Bhor SA, Tateda C, Mochizuki T, Sekine KT, Yaeno T, Yamaoka N, Nishiguchi M, Kobayashi K. Inducible transgenic tobacco system to study the mechanisms underlying chlorosis mediated by the silencing of chloroplast heat shock protein 90. Virusdisease 2017; 28:81-92. [PMID: 28466059 PMCID: PMC5377861 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-017-0361-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorosis is one of the most common symptoms of plant diseases, including those caused by viruses and viroids. Recently, a study has shown that Peach latent mosaic viroid (PLMVd) exploits host RNA silencing machinery to modulate the virus disease symptoms through the silencing of chloroplast-targeted heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90C). To understand the molecular mechanisms of chlorosis in this viroid disease, we established an experimental system suitable for studying the mechanism underlying the chlorosis induced by the RNA silencing of Hsp90C in transgenic tobacco. Hairpin RNA of the Hsp90C-specific region was expressed under the control of a dexamethasone-inducible promoter, resulted in the silencing of Hsp90C gene in 2 days and the chlorosis along with growth suppression phenotypes. Time course study suggests that a sign of chlorosis can be monitored as early as 2 days, suggesting that this experimental model is suitable for studying the molecular events taken place before and after the onset of chlorosis. During the early phase of chlorosis development, the chloroplast- and photosynthesis-related genes were downregulated. It should be noted that some pathogenesis related genes were upregulated during the early phase of chlorosis in spite of the absence of any pathogen-derived molecules in this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Ashok Bhor
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566 Japan
| | - Chika Tateda
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Kitakami, Iwate 024-0003 Japan
| | - Tomofumi Mochizuki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531 Japan
| | - Ken-Taro Sekine
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Kitakami, Iwate 024-0003 Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Nakagami, Okinawa 903-0213 Japan
| | - Takashi Yaeno
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566 Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566 Japan
- Research Unit for Citromics, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566 Japan
| | - Naoto Yamaoka
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566 Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566 Japan
| | - Masamichi Nishiguchi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566 Japan
| | - Kappei Kobayashi
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566 Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566 Japan
- Research Unit for Citromics, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566 Japan
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Bhor SA, Tateda C, Mochizuki T, Sekine KT, Yaeno T, Yamaoka N, Nishiguchi M, Kobayashi K. Inducible expression of magnesium protoporphyrin chelatase subunit I (CHLI)-amiRNA provides insights into cucumber mosaic virus Y satellite RNA-induced chlorosis symptoms. Virusdisease 2017; 28:69-80. [PMID: 28466058 PMCID: PMC5377865 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-017-0360-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies with Y satellite RNA (Y-sat) of cucumber mosaic virus have demonstrated that Y-sat modifies the disease symptoms in specific host plants through the silencing of the magnesium protoporphyrin chelatase I subunit (CHLI), which is directed by the Y-sat derived siRNA. Along with the development of peculiar yellow phenotypes, a drastic decrease in CHLI-transcripts and a higher accumulation of Y-sat derived siRNA were observed. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the Y-sat-induced chlorosis, especially whether or not the reduced expression of CHLI causes the chlorosis simply through the reduced production of chlorophyll or it triggers some other mechanisms leading to the chlorosis, we have established a new experimental system with an inducible silencing mechanism. This system involves the expression of artificial microRNAs targeting of Nicotiana tabacum CHLI gene under the control of chemically inducible promoter. The CHLI mRNA levels and total chlorophyll content decreased significantly in 2 days, enabling us to analyze early events in induced chlorosis and temporary changes therein. This study revealed that the silencing of CHLI did not only result in the decreased chlorophyll content but also lead to the downregulation of chloroplast and photosynthesis-related genes expression and the upregulation of defense-related genes. Based on these results, we propose that the reduced expression of CHLI could activate unidentified signaling pathways that lead plants to chlorosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Ashok Bhor
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566 Japan
| | - Chika Tateda
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Kitakami, Iwate 024-0003 Japan
| | - Tomofumi Mochizuki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531 Japan
| | - Ken-Taro Sekine
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Kitakami, Iwate 024-0003 Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Nakagami, Okinawa 903-0213 Japan
| | - Takashi Yaeno
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566 Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566 Japan
- Research Unit for Citromics, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566 Japan
| | - Naoto Yamaoka
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566 Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566 Japan
| | - Masamichi Nishiguchi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566 Japan
| | - Kappei Kobayashi
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566 Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566 Japan
- Research Unit for Citromics, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566 Japan
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Zhao J, Zhang X, Hong Y, Liu Y. Chloroplast in Plant-Virus Interaction. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1565. [PMID: 27757106 PMCID: PMC5047884 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In plants, the chloroplast is the organelle that conducts photosynthesis. It has been known that chloroplast is involved in virus infection of plants for approximate 70 years. Recently, the subject of chloroplast-virus interplay is getting more and more attention. In this article we discuss the different aspects of chloroplast-virus interaction into three sections: the effect of virus infection on the structure and function of chloroplast, the role of chloroplast in virus infection cycle, and the function of chloroplast in host defense against viruses. In particular, we focus on the characterization of chloroplast protein-viral protein interactions that underlie the interplay between chloroplast and virus. It can be summarized that chloroplast is a common target of plant viruses for viral pathogenesis or propagation; and conversely, chloroplast and its components also can play active roles in plant defense against viruses. Chloroplast photosynthesis-related genes/proteins (CPRGs/CPRPs) are suggested to play a central role during the complex chloroplast-virus interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua UniversityBeijing, China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Yiguo Hong
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Yule Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua UniversityBeijing, China
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Zou LJ, Deng XG, Han XY, Tan WR, Zhu LJ, Xi DH, Zhang DW, Lin HH. Role of Transcription Factor HAT1 in Modulating Arabidopsis thaliana Response to Cucumber mosaic virus. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 57:1879-1889. [PMID: 27328697 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana homeodomain-leucine zipper protein 1 (HAT1) belongs to the homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-Zip) family class II that plays important roles in plant growth and development as a transcription factor. To elucidate further the role of HD-Zip II transcription factors in plant defense, the A. thaliana hat1, hat1hat3 and hat1hat2hat3 mutants and HAT1 overexpression plants (HAT1OX) were challenged with Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). HAT1OX displayed more susceptibility, while loss-of-function mutants of HAT1 exhibited less susceptibility to CMV infection. HAT1 and its close homologs HAT2 and HAT3 function redundantly, as the triple mutant hat1hat2hat3 displayed increased virus resistance compared with the hat1 and hat1hat3 mutants. Furthermore, the induction of the antioxidant system (the activities and expression of enzymatic antioxidants) and the expression of defense-associated genes were down-regulated in HAT1OX but up-regulated in hat1hat2hat3 when compared with Col-0 after CMV infection. Further evidence showed that the involvement of HAT1 in the anti-CMV defense response might be dependent on salicylic acid (SA) but not jasmonic acid (JA). The SA level or expression of SA synthesis-related genes was decreased in HAT1OX but increased in hat1hat2hat3 compared with Col-0 after CMV infection, but there were little difference in JA level or JA synthesis-related gene expression among HAT1OX or defective plants. In addition, HAT1 expression is dependent on SA accumulation. Taken together, our study indicated that HAT1 negatively regulates plant defense responses to CMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Zou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China Life Science and Technology College and Ecological Security and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang 621000, China These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Xing-Guang Deng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Xue-Ying Han
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Wen-Rong Tan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Li-Jun Zhu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China Life Science and Technology College and Ecological Security and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang 621000, China
| | - De-Hui Xi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Da-Wei Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China These authors contributed equally to this work.
| | - Hong-Hui Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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Li Y, Cui H, Cui X, Wang A. The altered photosynthetic machinery during compatible virus infection. Curr Opin Virol 2016; 17:19-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Abstract
In plants, the chloroplast is the organelle that conducts photosynthesis. It has been known that chloroplast is involved in virus infection of plants for approximate 70 years. Recently, the subject of chloroplast-virus interplay is getting more and more attention. In this article we discuss the different aspects of chloroplast-virus interaction into three sections: the effect of virus infection on the structure and function of chloroplast, the role of chloroplast in virus infection cycle, and the function of chloroplast in host defense against viruses. In particular, we focus on the characterization of chloroplast protein-viral protein interactions that underlie the interplay between chloroplast and virus. It can be summarized that chloroplast is a common target of plant viruses for viral pathogenesis or propagation; and conversely, chloroplast and its components also can play active roles in plant defense against viruses. Chloroplast photosynthesis-related genes/proteins (CPRGs/CPRPs) are suggested to play a central role during the complex chloroplast-virus interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua UniversityBeijing, China; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiguo Hong
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou, China
| | - Yule Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University Beijing, China
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Li L, Lu X, Zhao J, Zhang J, Zhao Y, Zhao C, Xu G. Lipidome and metabolome analysis of fresh tobacco leaves in different geographical regions using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:5009-20. [PMID: 25701418 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8522-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The combination of the lipidome and the metabolome can provide much more information in plant metabolomics studies. A method for the simultaneous extraction of the lipidome and the metabolome of fresh tobacco leaves was developed. Method validation was performed on the basis of the optimal ratio of methanol to methyl tert-butyl ether to water (37:45:68) from the design of experiments. Good repeatability was obtained. We found that 92.2% and 91.6% of the peaks for the lipidome and the metabolome were within a relative standard deviation of 20%, accounting for 94.6% and 94.6% of the total abundance, respectively. The intraday and interday precisions were also satisfactory. A total of 230 metabolites, including 129 lipids, were identified. Significant differences were found in lipidomic and metabolomic profiles of fresh tobacco leaves in different geographical regions. Highly unsaturated galactolipids, phosphatidylethanolamines, predominant phosphatidylcholines, most of the polyphenols, amino acids, and polyamines had a higher content in Yunnan province, and low-unsaturation-degree galactolipids, triacylglycerols, glucosylceramides with trihydroxy long-chain bases, acylated sterol glucosides, and some organic acids were more abundant in Henan province. Correlation analysis between differential metabolites and climatic factors indicated the vital importance of temperature. The fatty acid unsaturation degree of galactolipids could be influenced by temperature. Accumulation of polyphenols and decreases in the ratios of stigmasterols to sitosterols and glucosylstigmasterols to glucosylsitosterols were also correlated with lower temperature in Yunnan province. Furthermore, lipids were more sensitive to climatic variations than other metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Li
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
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Rubio M, Rodríguez-Moreno L, Ballester AR, de Moura MC, Bonghi C, Candresse T, Martínez-Gómez P. Analysis of gene expression changes in peach leaves in response to Plum pox virus infection using RNA-Seq. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2015; 16:164-76. [PMID: 24989162 PMCID: PMC6638525 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Differences in gene expression were studied after Plum pox virus (PPV, sharka disease) infection in peach GF305 leaves with and without sharka symptoms using RNA-Seq. For each sample, more than 80% of 100-nucleotide paired-end (PE) Illumina reads were aligned on the peach reference genome. In the symptomatic sample, a significant proportion of reads were mapped to PPV reference genomes (1.04% compared with 0.00002% in non-symptomatic leaves), allowing for the ultra-deep assembly of the complete genome of the PPV isolate used (9775 nucleotides, missing only 11 nucleotides at the 5' genome end). In addition, significant alternative splicing events were detected in 359 genes and 12 990 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified, 425 of which could be annotated. Gene ontology annotation revealed that the high-ranking mRNA target genes associated with the expression of sharka symptoms are mainly related to the response to biotic stimuli, to lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and to the negative regulation of catalytic activity. A greater number of differentially expressed genes were observed in the early asymptomatic phase of PPV infection in comparison with the symptomatic phase. These early infection events were associated with the induction of genes related to pathogen resistance, such as jasmonic acid, chitinases, cytokinin glucosyl transferases and Lys-M proteins. Once the virus had accumulated, the overexpression of Dicer protein 2a genes suggested a gene silencing plant response that was suppressed by the virus HCPro and P1 proteins. These results illustrate the dynamic nature of the peach-PPV interaction at the transcriptome level and confirm that sharka symptom expression is a complex process that can be understood on the basis of changes in plant gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Rubio
- Department of Plant Breeding, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), PO Box 164, E-30100, Espinardo-Murcia, Spain
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Ishihara T, Sato Y, Takahashi H. Microarray analysis of R-gene-mediated resistance to viruses. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1236:197-218. [PMID: 25287505 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1743-3_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The complex process for host-plant resistance to viruses is precisely regulated by a number of genes and signaling compounds. Thus, global gene expression analysis can provide a powerful tool to grasp the complex molecular network for resistance to viruses. The procedures for comparative global gene expression profiling of virus-resistant and control plants by microarray analysis include RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis, cRNA labeling, hybridization, array scanning, and data mining steps. There are several platforms for the microarray analysis. Commercial services for the steps from cDNA synthesis to array scanning are now widely available; however, the data manipulation step is highly dependent on the experimental design and research focus. The protocols presented here are optimized for analyzing global gene expression during the R gene-conferred defense response using commercial oligonucleotide-based arrays. We also demonstrate a technique to screen for differentially expressed genes using Excel software and a simple Internet tool-based data mining approach for characterizing the identified genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeaki Ishihara
- National Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Multiple functions of capsid proteins in (+) stranded RNA viruses during plant–virus interactions. Virus Res 2015; 196:140-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2014.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Ikeue D, Schudoma C, Zhang W, Ogata Y, Sakamoto T, Kurata T, Furuhashi T, Kragler F, Aoki K. A bioinformatics approach to distinguish plant parasite and host transcriptomes in interface tissue by classifying RNA-Seq reads. PLANT METHODS 2015; 11:34. [PMID: 26052341 PMCID: PMC4458054 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-015-0066-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genus Cuscuta is a group of parasitic plants that are distributed world-wide. The process of parasitization starts with a Cuscuta plant coiling around the host stem. The parasite's haustorial organs then establish a vascular connection allowing for access to the phloem content. The host and the parasite form new cellular connections, suggesting coordination of developmental and biochemical processes. Simultaneous monitoring of gene expression in the parasite's and host's tissues may shed light on the complex events occurring between the parasitic and host cells and may help to overcome experimental limitations (i.e. how to separate host tissue from Cuscuta tissue at the haustorial connection). A novel approach is to use bioinformatic analysis to classify sequencing reads as either belonging to the host or to the parasite and to characterize the expression patterns. Owing to the lack of a comprehensive genomic dataset from Cuscuta spp., such a classification has not been performed previously. RESULTS We first classified RNA-Seq reads from an interface region between the non-model parasitic plant Cuscuta japonica and the non-model host plant Impatiens balsamina. Without established reference sequences, we classified reads as originating from either of the plants by stepwise similarity search against de novo assembled transcript sets of C. japonica and I. balsamina, unigene sets of the same genus, and cDNA sequences of the same family. We then assembled de novo transcriptomes from the classified read sets. We assessed the quality of the classification by mapping reads to contigs of both plants, achieving a misclassification rate low enough (0.22-0.39%) to be used reliably for differential gene expression analysis. Finally, we applied our read classification method to RNA-Seq data from the interface between the non-model parasitic plant C. japonica and the model host plant Glycine max. Analysis of gene expression profiles at 5 parasitizing stages revealed differentially expressed genes from both C. japonica and G. max, and uncovered the coordination of cellular processes between the two plants. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that reliable identification of differentially expressed transcripts in undissected interface region of the parasite-host association is feasible and informative with respect to differential-expression patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Ikeue
- />Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1–1 Gakuen–Cho, Naka–Ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599–8531 Japan
| | - Christian Schudoma
- />Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Potsdam-Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam, 14476 Germany
- />Present Address: Bioinformatics Group, The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK
| | - Wenna Zhang
- />Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Potsdam-Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam, 14476 Germany
| | - Yoshiyuki Ogata
- />Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1–1 Gakuen–Cho, Naka–Ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599–8531 Japan
| | - Tomoaki Sakamoto
- />Plant Global Education Project, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916–5 Takayama, Ikoma, 630–0192 Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kurata
- />Plant Global Education Project, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916–5 Takayama, Ikoma, 630–0192 Japan
| | - Takeshi Furuhashi
- />Metabolic Systems Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRC), 1–7–22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230–0045 Japan
- />Present Address: Department of Molecular Systems Biology (Ecogenomics and Systems Biology), Vienna University, Althanstraße 14, Vienna, A–1090 Austria
| | - Friedrich Kragler
- />Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Potsdam-Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam, 14476 Germany
| | - Koh Aoki
- />Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1–1 Gakuen–Cho, Naka–Ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599–8531 Japan
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Feng J, Liu S, Wang M, Lang Q, Jin C. Identification of microRNAs and their targets in tomato infected with Cucumber mosaic virus based on deep sequencing. PLANTA 2014; 240:1335-52. [PMID: 25204630 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-014-2158-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important regulatory roles in plant development and stress responses. Tomato is an economically important vegetable crop in the world with publicly available genomic information database, but only a limited number of tomato miRNAs have been identified. In this study, two independent small RNA libraries from mock and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV)-infected tomatoes were constructed, respectively, and sequenced with a high-throughput Illumina Solexa system. Based on sequence analysis and hairpin structure prediction, a total of 50 plant miRNAs and 273 potentially candidate miRNAs (PC-miRNAs) were firstly identified in tomato, with 12 plant miRNAs and 82 PC-miRNAs supported by both the 3p and 5p strands. Comparative analysis revealed that 79 miRNAs (including 15 new tomato miRNAs) and 40 PC-miRNAs were differentially expressed between the two libraries, and the expression patterns of some new tomato miRNAs and PC-miRNAs were further validated by qRT-PCR. Moreover, potential targets for some of the known and new tomato miRNAs were identified by the recently developed degradome sequencing approach, and target annotation indicated that they were involved in multiple biological processes, including transcriptional regulation and virus resistance. Gene ontology analysis of these target transcripts demonstrated that defense response- and photosynthesis-related genes were most affected in CMV-Fny-infected tomatoes. Because tomato is not only an important crop but also is a genetic model for basic biology research, our study contributes to the understanding of miRNAs in response to virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junli Feng
- Institute of Aquatic Products Processing, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, 149 Jiaogong Road, Hangzhou, 310035, China,
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Mochizuki T, Yamazaki R, Wada T, Ohki ST. Coat protein mutations in an attenuated Cucumber mosaic virus encoding mutant 2b protein that lacks RNA silencing suppressor activity induces chlorosis with photosynthesis gene repression and chloroplast abnormalities in infected tobacco plants. Virology 2014; 456-457:292-9. [PMID: 24889248 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In tobacco plants, the Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) pepo strain induces mosaic symptoms, including pale green chlorosis and malformed tissues. Here, we characterized the involvement of 2b protein and coat protein (CP) in the development of mosaic symptoms. A 2b mutant (R46C) that lacks viral suppressor of RNA silencing (VSR) activity showed an asymptomatic phenotype with low levels of virus accumulation. Tomato spotted wilt virus NSs protein did not complement the virulence of the R46C, although it did restore high-level virus accumulation. However, R46C mutants expressing mutated CP in which the amino acid P129 was mutated to A, E, C, Q, or S induced chlorosis that was associated with reduced expression of chloroplast and photosynthesis related genes (CPRGs) and abnormal chloroplasts with fewer thylakoid membranes. These results suggest that the CP of the CMV pepo strain acquires virulence by amino acid mutations, which causes CPRG repression and chloroplast abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomofumi Mochizuki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
| | - Ryota Yamazaki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Tomoya Wada
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Satoshi T Ohki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
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