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Wu R, Xie D, Du J. The binding pattern of ferric iron and iron-binding protein in Botrytis cinerea. Comput Biol Med 2024; 178:108686. [PMID: 38850956 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Iron-binding protein (Ibp) has protective effect on pathogen exposed to H2O2 in defense response of plants. Ibp in Botrytis cinerea (BcIbp) is related to its virulence. Bcibp mutation lead to virulence deficiencies in B. cinerea. BcIbp is involved in the Fe3+ homeostasis regulation. Recognition the binding site and binding pattern of ferric iron and iron-binding protein in B. cinerea are vital to understand its function. In this study, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics (GaMD) simulations, dynamic cross correlation analysis and quantum chemical energy calculation were used to explore binding pattern of ferric iron. MD results showed that the C-terminal region had little effect on the stability of residues in the Fe3+-binding pocket. Energy calculations suggested the most likely coordination pattern for ferric iron in iron-binding protein. These results will help to understand the binding of ferric iron to iron-binding protein and provide new ideas for regulating the virulence of B. cinerea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihan Wu
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Donglin Xie
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Juan Du
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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2
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Park J, Son H. Antioxidant Systems of Plant Pathogenic Fungi: Functions in Oxidative Stress Response and Their Regulatory Mechanisms. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 40:235-250. [PMID: 38835295 PMCID: PMC11162859 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.rw.01.2024.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
During the infection process, plant pathogenic fungi encounter plant-derived oxidative stress, and an appropriate response to this stress is crucial to their survival and establishment of the disease. Plant pathogenic fungi have evolved several mechanisms to eliminate oxidants from the external environment and maintain cellular redox homeostasis. When oxidative stress is perceived, various signaling transduction pathways are triggered and activate the downstream genes responsible for the oxidative stress response. Despite extensive research on antioxidant systems and their regulatory mechanisms in plant pathogenic fungi, the specific functions of individual antioxidants and their impacts on pathogenicity have not recently been systematically summarized. Therefore, our objective is to consolidate previous research on the antioxidant systems of plant pathogenic fungi. In this review, we explore the plant immune responses during fungal infection, with a focus on the generation and function of reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, we delve into the three antioxidant systems, summarizing their functions and regulatory mechanisms involved in oxidative stress response. This comprehensive review provides an integrated overview of the antioxidant mechanisms within plant pathogenic fungi, revealing how the oxidative stress response contributes to their pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeun Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hokyoung Son
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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3
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Park J, Lee N, Kim H, Kim D, Shin S, Choi S, Choi GJ, Son H. A mitochondrial NAD/NADH kinase governs fungal virulence through an oxidative stress response and arginine biosynthesis in Fusarium graminearum. Microbiol Res 2024; 283:127692. [PMID: 38508088 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
NADP/NADPH plays an indispensable role in cellular metabolism, serving as a pivotal cofactor in numerous enzymatic processes involved in anabolic pathways, antioxidant defense, and the biosynthesis of essential cellular components. NAD/NADH kinases (NADKs) phosphorylate NAD/NADH, constituting the sole de novo synthetic pathway for NADP/NADPH generation. Despite the pivotal role of NADP/NADPH in cellular functions, the physiological role of NADK remains largely unexplored in filamentous fungi. In this study, we identified three putative NADKs in Fusarium graminearum-FgNadk1, FgNadk2, and FgNadk3-responsible for NAD/NADH phosphorylation. NADK-mediated formation of intracellular NADPH proved crucial for vegetative growth, sexual reproduction, and virulence. Specifically, FgNadk2, the mitochondrial NADK, played a role in oxidative stress resistance and the maintenance of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species levels. Moreover, the deletion of FgNADK2 resulted in arginine auxotrophy, contributing to the reduced fungal virulence. These findings underscore the necessity of mitochondrial NADK in fungal virulence in F. graminearum, revealing its involvement in mitochondrial redox homeostasis and the arginine biosynthetic pathway. This study provides critical insights into the interconnectedness of metabolic pathways essential for fungal growth, stress response, and pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeun Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Nahyun Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun Kim
- Center for Eco-Friendly New Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea; Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Dohun Kim
- Childern's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Soobin Shin
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyung Ja Choi
- Center for Eco-Friendly New Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea; Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hokyoung Son
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Moon H, Min K, Winarto J, Shin S, Jeon H, Song DG, Son H. Proteomic Analysis of Cell Wall Proteins with Various Linkages in Fusarium graminearum. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:6028-6039. [PMID: 38457781 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
The fungal cell wall, primarily comprising a glucan-chitin matrix and cell wall proteins (CWPs), serves as a key mediator for fungal interactions with the environment and plays a pivotal role in virulence. In this study, we employed a comprehensive proteomics approach to analyze the CWPs in the plant pathogenic fungus Fusarium graminearum. Our methodology successfully extracted and identified 1373 CWPs, highlighting their complex linkages, including noncovalent bonds, disulfide bridges, alkali-sensitive linkages, and glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors. A significant subset of these proteins, enriched in Gene Ontology terms, suggest multifunctional roles of CWPs. Through the integration of transcriptomic and proteomic data, we observed differential expression patterns of CWPs across developmental stages. Specifically, we focused on two genes, Fca7 and Cpd1, which were upregulated in planta, and confirmed their localization predominantly outside the plasma membrane, primarily in the cell wall and periplasmic space. The disruption of FCA7 reduced virulence on wheat, aligning with previous findings and underscoring its significance. Overall, our findings offer a comprehensive proteomic profile of CWPs in F. graminearum, laying the groundwork for a deeper understanding of their roles in the development and interactions with host plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heeji Moon
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghun Min
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Plant Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Jessica Winarto
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Soobin Shin
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hosung Jeon
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Geun Song
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hokyoung Son
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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5
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Park J, Han JW, Lee N, Kim S, Choi S, Lee HH, Kim JE, Seo YS, Choi GJ, Lee YW, Kim H, Son H. Sulfur metabolism-mediated fungal glutathione biosynthesis is essential for oxidative stress resistance and pathogenicity in the plant pathogenic fungus Fusarium graminearum. mBio 2024; 15:e0240123. [PMID: 38112432 PMCID: PMC10790779 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02401-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Fusarium graminearum is a destructive fungal pathogen that causes Fusarium head blight (FHB) on a wide range of cereal crops. To control fungal diseases, it is essential to comprehend the pathogenic mechanisms that enable fungi to overcome host defenses during infection. Pathogens require an oxidative stress response to overcome host-derived oxidative stress. Here, we identify the underlying mechanisms of the Fgbzip007-mediated oxidative stress response in F. graminearum. ChIP-seq and subsequent genetic analyses revealed that the role of glutathione in pathogenesis is not dependent on antioxidant functions in F. graminearum. Altogether, this study establishes a comprehensive framework for the Fgbzip007 regulon on pathogenicity and oxidative stress responses, offering a new perspective on the role of glutathione in pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeun Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Woo Han
- Center for Eco-Friendly New Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Nahyun Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sieun Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soyoung Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Hee Lee
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Kim
- Research Institute of Climate Change and Agriculture, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Young-Su Seo
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Gyung Ja Choi
- Center for Eco-Friendly New Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yin-Won Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hun Kim
- Center for Eco-Friendly New Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hokyoung Son
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Kim S, Lee R, Jeon H, Lee N, Park J, Moon H, Shin J, Min K, Kim JE, Yang JW, Son H. Identification of Essential Genes for the Establishment of Spray-Induced Gene Silencing-Based Disease Control in Fusarium graminearum. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:19302-19311. [PMID: 38018120 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
As resistance to chemical fungicides continues to increase inFusarium graminearum, there is a growing need to develop novel disease control strategies. To discover essential genes that could serve as new disease control targets, we selected essential gene candidates that had failed to be deleted in previous studies. Thirteen genes were confirmed to be essential, either by constructing conditional promoter replacement mutants or by employing a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9)-mediated editing strategy. We synthesized double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) targeting these essential genes and analyzed their protective effects in plants using a spray-induced gene silencing (SIGS) method. When dsRNAs targeting Fg10360, Fg13150, and Fg06123 were applied to detached barley leaves prior to fungal inoculation, disease lesions were greatly reduced. Our findings provide evidence of the potential of essential genes identified by a SIGS method to be effective targets for the control of fungal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sieun Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Rowoon Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hosung Jeon
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Nahyun Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeun Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeji Moon
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Shin
- Division of Bioresources Bank, Honam National Institute of Biological Resources, Mokpo 58762, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghun Min
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Kim
- Research Institute of Climate Change and Agriculture, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Jeju 63240, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Wook Yang
- Crop Cultivation and Environment Research Division, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 16429, Republic of Korea
| | - Hokyoung Son
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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7
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Park J, Lee HH, Moon H, Lee N, Kim S, Kim JE, Lee Y, Min K, Kim H, Choi GJ, Lee YW, Seo YS, Son H. A combined transcriptomic and physiological approach to understanding the adaptive mechanisms to cope with oxidative stress in Fusarium graminearum. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0148523. [PMID: 37671872 PMCID: PMC10581207 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01485-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In plant-pathogen interactions, oxidative bursts are crucial for plants to defend themselves against pathogen infections. Rapid production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species kill pathogens directly and cause local cell death, preventing pathogens from spreading to adjacent cells. Meanwhile, the pathogens have developed several mechanisms to tolerate oxidative stress and successfully colonize plant tissues. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms responsible for resistance to oxidative stress by analyzing the transcriptomes of six oxidative stress-sensitive strains of the plant pathogenic fungus Fusarium graminearum. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified several pathways related to oxidative stress responses, including the DNA repair system, autophagy, and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. We also identified hub genes with high intramodular connectivity in key modules and generated deletion or conditional suppression mutants. Phenotypic characterization of those mutants showed that the deletion of FgHGG4, FgHGG10, and FgHGG13 caused sensitivity to oxidative stress, and further investigation on those genes revealed that transcriptional elongation and DNA damage responses play roles in oxidative stress response and pathogenicity. The suppression of FgHGL7 also led to hypersensitivity to oxidative stress, and we demonstrated that FgHGL7 plays a crucial role in heme biosynthesis and is essential for peroxidase activity. This study increases the understanding of the adaptive mechanisms to cope with oxidative stress in plant pathogenic fungi. IMPORTANCE Fungal pathogens have evolved various mechanisms to overcome host-derived stresses for successful infection. Oxidative stress is a representative defense system induced by the host plant, and fungi have complex response systems to cope with it. Fusarium graminearum is one of the devastating plant pathogenic fungi, and understanding its pathosystem is crucial for disease control. In this study, we investigated adaptive mechanisms for coping with oxidative stress at the transcriptome level using oxidative stress-sensitive strains. In addition, by introducing genetic modification technique such as CRISPR-Cas9 and the conditional gene expression system, we identified pathways/genes required for resistance to oxidative stress and also for virulence. Overall, this study advances the understanding of the oxidative stress response and related mechanisms in plant pathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeun Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Hee Lee
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeji Moon
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nahyun Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sieun Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Kim
- Research Institute of Climate Change and Agriculture, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonji Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghun Min
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun Kim
- Center for Eco-friendly New Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyung Ja Choi
- Center for Eco-friendly New Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yin-Won Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Su Seo
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hokyoung Son
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kim S, Lee J, Park J, Choi S, Bui DC, Kim JE, Shin J, Kim H, Choi GJ, Lee YW, Chang PS, Son H. Genetic and Transcriptional Regulatory Mechanisms of Lipase Activity in the Plant Pathogenic Fungus Fusarium graminearum. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0528522. [PMID: 37093014 PMCID: PMC10269793 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.05285-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipases, which catalyze the hydrolysis of long-chain triglycerides, diglycerides, and monoglycerides into free fatty acids and glycerol, participate in various biological pathways in fungi. In this study, we examined the biological functions and regulatory mechanisms of fungal lipases via two approaches. First, we performed a systemic functional characterization of 86 putative lipase-encoding genes in the plant-pathogenic fungus Fusarium graminearum. The phenotypes were assayed for vegetative growth, asexual and sexual reproduction, stress responses, pathogenicity, mycotoxin production, and lipase activity. Most mutants were normal in the assessed phenotypes, implying overlapping roles for lipases in F. graminearum. In particular, FgLip1 and Fgl1 were revealed as core extracellular lipases in F. graminearum. Second, we examined the lipase activity of previously constructed transcription factor (TF) mutants of F. graminearum and identified three TFs and one histone acetyltransferase that significantly affect lipase activity. The relative transcript levels of FgLIP1 and FGL1 were markedly reduced or enhanced in these TF mutants. Among them, Gzzc258 was identified as a key lipase regulator that is also involved in the induction of lipase activity during sexual reproduction. To our knowledge, this study is the first comprehensive functional analysis of fungal lipases and provides significant insights into the genetic and regulatory mechanisms underlying lipases in fungi. IMPORTANCE Fusarium graminearum is an economically important plant-pathogenic fungus that causes Fusarium head blight (FHB) on wheat and barley. Here, we constructed a gene knockout mutant library of 86 putative lipase-encoding genes and established a comprehensive phenotypic database of the mutants. Among them, we found that FgLip1 and Fgl1 act as core extracellular lipases in this pathogen. Moreover, several putative transcription factors (TFs) that regulate the lipase activities in F. graminearum were identified. The disruption mutants of F. graminearum-lipase regulatory TFs all showed defects in sexual reproduction, which implies a strong relationship between sexual development and lipase activity in this fungus. These findings provide valuable insights into the genetic mechanisms regulating lipase activity as well as its importance to the developmental stages of this plant-pathogenic fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sieun Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Juno Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeun Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Duc-Cuong Bui
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Jung-Eun Kim
- Research Institute of Climate Change and Agriculture, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Shin
- Division of Bioresources Bank, Honam National Institute of Biological Resources, Mokpo, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun Kim
- Center for Eco-friendly New Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyung Ja Choi
- Center for Eco-friendly New Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yin-Won Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Pahn-Shick Chang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Agricultural Microorganism and Enzyme, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hokyoung Son
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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9
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Kwon G, Yu J, Kim KH. Identifying transcription factors associated with Fusarium graminearum virus 2 accumulation in Fusarium graminearum by phenome-based investigation. Virus Res 2023; 326:199061. [PMID: 36738934 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum virus 2 (FgV2) infection induces phenotypic changes like reduction of growth rate and virulence with an alteration of the transcriptome, including various transcription factor (TFs) gene transcripts in Fusarium graminearum. Transcription factors are the primary regulator in many cellular processes and are significant in virus-host interactions. However, a detailed study about specific TFs to understand interactions between FgV2 and F. graminearum has yet to be conducted. We transferred FgV2 to a F. graminearum TF gene deletion mutant library to identify host TFs related to FgV2 infection. FgV2-infected TF mutants were classified into three groups depending on colony growth. The FgV2 accumulation level was generally higher in TF mutants showing more reduced growth. Among these FgV2-infected TF mutants, we found several possible TFs that might be involved in FgV2 accumulation, generation of defective interfering RNAs, and transcriptional regulation of FgDICER-2 and FgAGO-1 in response to virus infection. We also investigated the relation between FgV2 accumulation and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA damage in fungal host cells by using DNA damage- or ROS-responsive TF deletion mutants. Our studies provide insights into the host factors related to FgV2 infection and bases for further investigation to understand interactions between FgV2 and F. graminearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gudam Kwon
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Jisuk Yu
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea.
| | - Kook-Hyung Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea.
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10
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Savignac JM, Atanasova V, Chereau S, Ducos C, Gallegos N, Ortega V, Ponts N, Richard-Forget F. Carotenoids Occurring in Maize Affect the Redox Homeostasis of Fusarium graminearum and Its Production of Type B Trichothecene Mycotoxins: New Insights Supporting Their Role in Maize Resistance to Giberella Ear Rot. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:3285-3296. [PMID: 36780464 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum is the causal agent of Gibberella ear rot (GER) in maize, a devastating fungal disease resulting in yield reduction and contamination of grains with type B trichothecene (TCTB) mycotoxins. Reducing GER damage requires the implementation of an integrated management strategy in which the use of resistant maize genotypes is a key factor. The present study aimed at providing new phenotyping tools to improve breeding pipelines by investigating the yet understudied contribution of carotenoids to GER resistance. Here, we demonstrated for the first time the efficiency of carotenoid extracts from various maize genotypes to inhibit the production of TCTB by F. graminearum. We further suggested that zeaxanthin could be a key actor of this inhibition efficiency, notably via a negative transcriptional control of several biosynthetic genes of the TCTB pathway. Besides, we demonstrated that zeaxanthin treatments led to profound perturbations in the fungal redox homeostasis by affecting the expression of key genes encoding ROS detoxifying enzymes, several of them being involved in F. graminearum virulence during plant infection. Altogether, our data support the contribution of carotenoids to the mechanisms employed by maize to counteract F. graminearum infection and its production of TCTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marie Savignac
- Syngenta France SAS, Route de Vignolles lieu dit La Grangette, 32220 Lombez, France
- INRAE, UR 1264 Mycology and Food Safety (MycSA), F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Vessela Atanasova
- INRAE, UR 1264 Mycology and Food Safety (MycSA), F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Sylvain Chereau
- INRAE, UR 1264 Mycology and Food Safety (MycSA), F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Christine Ducos
- INRAE, UR 1264 Mycology and Food Safety (MycSA), F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Nathalie Gallegos
- INRAE, UR 1264 Mycology and Food Safety (MycSA), F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Véronique Ortega
- Syngenta France SAS, Route de Vignolles lieu dit La Grangette, 32220 Lombez, France
| | - Nadia Ponts
- INRAE, UR 1264 Mycology and Food Safety (MycSA), F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
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Wang T, Lv JL, Xu J, Wang XW, Zhu XQ, Guo LY. The catalase-peroxidase PiCP1 plays a critical role in abiotic stress resistance, pathogenicity and asexual structure development in Phytophthora infestans. Environ Microbiol 2023; 25:532-547. [PMID: 36495132 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Catalase-peroxidase is a heme oxidoreductase widely distributed in bacteria and lower eukaryotes. In this study, we identified a catalase-peroxidase PiCP1 (PITG_05579) in Phytophthora infestans. PiCP1 had catalase/peroxidase and secretion activities and was highly expressed in sporangia and upregulated in response to oxidative and heat stresses. Compared with wild type, PiCP1-silenced transformants (STs) had decreased catalase activity, reduced oxidant stress resistance and damped cell wall integrity. In contrast, PiCP1-overexpression transformants (OTs) demonstrated increased tolerance to abiotic stresses and induced the upregulation of PR genes in the host salicylic acid pathway. The high concentration of PiCP1 can also induced callose deposition in plant tissue. Importantly, both STs and OTs have severely reduced sporangia formation and zoospore releasing rate, but the sporangia germination rate and type varied depending on environmental conditions. Comparative sequence analyses show that catalase-peroxidases are broadly distributed and highly conserved among soil-borne plant parasitic oomycetes, but not in freshwater-inhabiting or strictly plants-inhabiting oomycetes. In addition, we found that silencing PiCP1 downregulated the expression of PiCAT2. These results revealed the important roles of PiCP1 in abiotic stress resistance, pathogenicity and in regulating asexual structure development in response to environmental change. Our findings provide new insights into catalase-peroxidase functions in eukaryotic pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuhong Wang
- College of Plant Protection and Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, MOA, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Genetic Breeding and Microbial Processing for Bast Fiber Product of Hunan Province and Key Laboratory of Biological and Processing for Bast Fiber Crops, MOAR, Changsha, PR China
| | - Jia-Lu Lv
- College of Plant Protection and Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, MOA, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jianping Xu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Genetic Breeding and Microbial Processing for Bast Fiber Product of Hunan Province and Key Laboratory of Biological and Processing for Bast Fiber Crops, MOAR, Changsha, PR China
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Xiao-Wen Wang
- College of Plant Protection and Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, MOA, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiao-Qiong Zhu
- College of Plant Protection and Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, MOA, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Li-Yun Guo
- College of Plant Protection and Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, MOA, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
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12
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Yang Q, Yang J, Wang Y, Du J, Zhang J, Luisi BF, Liang W. Broad-spectrum chemicals block ROS detoxification to prevent plant fungal invasion. Curr Biol 2022; 32:3886-3897.e6. [PMID: 35932761 PMCID: PMC7613639 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Plant diseases cause a huge impact on food security and are of global concern. While application of agrochemicals is a common approach in the control of plant diseases currently, growing drug resistance and the impact of off-target effects of these compounds pose major challenges. The identification of pathogenicity-related virulence mechanisms and development of new chemicals that target these processes are urgently needed. One such virulence mechanism is the detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by host plants upon attack by pathogens. The machinery of ROS detoxification might therefore serve as a drug target for preventing plant diseases, but few anti-ROS-scavenging drugs have been developed. Here, we show that in the model system Botrytis cinerea secretion of the cytochrome c-peroxidase, BcCcp1 removes plant-produced H2O2 and promotes pathogen invasion. The peroxidase secretion is modulated by a Tom1-like protein, BcTol1, through physical interaction. We show that BcTol1 is regulated at different levels to enhance the secretion of BcCcp1 during the early infection stage. Inactivation of either BcTol1 or BcCcp1 leads to dramatically reduced virulence of B. cinerea. We identify two BcTol1-targeting small molecules that not only prevent B. cinerea invasion but also have effective activity against a wide range of plant fungal pathogens without detectable effect on the hosts. These findings reveal a conserved mechanism of ROS detoxification in fungi and provide a class of potential fungicides to control diverse plant diseases. The approach described here has wide implications for further drug discovery in related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Yang
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Engineering Research Center for Precision Pest Management for Fruits and Vegetables of Qingdao, Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Jinguang Yang
- Tobacco Research Institute of CAAS, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yameng Wang
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Engineering Research Center for Precision Pest Management for Fruits and Vegetables of Qingdao, Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Juan Du
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Jianan Zhang
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Engineering Research Center for Precision Pest Management for Fruits and Vegetables of Qingdao, Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Ben F Luisi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Wenxing Liang
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Engineering Research Center for Precision Pest Management for Fruits and Vegetables of Qingdao, Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
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13
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Han S, Chen J, Zhao Y, Cai H, Guo C. Bacillus subtilis HSY21 can reduce soybean root rot and inhibit the expression of genes related to the pathogenicity of Fusarium oxysporum. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 178:104916. [PMID: 34446192 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Soybean root rot occurs globally and seriously affects soybean production. To avoid the many disadvantages of chemical fungicides, the addition of Bacillus is gradually becoming an alternative strategy to tackle soybean root rot. However, the molecular mechanism of phytopathogenic fungi in this process by Bacillus inhibition is rarely reported. In this study, we isolated a strain of B. subtilis HSY21 from soybean rhizosphere soil, which had an inhibition rate of 81.30 ± 0.15% (P < 0.05) against Fusarium oxysporum. The control effects of this strain against soybean root rot under greenhouse and field conditions were 63.83% and 57.07% (P < 0.05), respectively. RNA-seq analysis of F. oxysporum after treatment with strain HSY21 revealed 1445 downregulated genes and 1561 upregulated genes. Among them, genes involved in mycelial growth, metabolism regulation, and disease-related enzymes were mostly downregulated. The activities of cellulase, β-glucosidase, α-amylase, and pectin-methyl- galacturonase as well as levels of oxalic acid and ergosterol in F. oxysporum were significantly decreased after HSY21 treatment. These results demonstrated that B. subtilis HSY21 could effectively control F. oxysporum by inhibiting its growth and the expression of pathogenic genes, thus indicating that this strain may be an ideal candidate for the prevention and control of soybean root rot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyang Han
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jiaxin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yujie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Hongsheng Cai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Changhong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China..
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Transcriptional Responses of Fusarium graminearum Interacted with Soybean to Cause Root Rot. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7060422. [PMID: 34072279 PMCID: PMC8227214 DOI: 10.3390/jof7060422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum is the most devastating pathogen of Fusarium head blight of cereals, stalk and ear of maize, and it has recently become a potential threat for soybean as maize-soybean strip relay intercropping is widely practiced in China. To elucidate the pathogenesis mechanism of F. graminearum on intercropped soybean which causes root rot, transcriptional profiling of F. graminearum at 12, 24, and 48 h post-inoculation (hpi) on soybean hypocotyl tissues was conducted. In total, 2313 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of F. graminearum were annotated by both KEGG pathway and Gene Ontology (GO) analysis. Among them, 128 DEGs were commonly expressed at three inoculation time points while the maximum DEGs were induced at 24 hpi. In addition, DEGs were also rich in carbon metabolism, ribosome and peroxisome pathways which might contribute to carbon source utilization, sexual reproduction, virulence and survival of F. graminearum when infected on soybean. Hence, this study will provide some basis for the deep understanding the pathogenesis mechanism of F. graminearum on different hosts and its effective control in maize-soybean strip relay intercropping systems.
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Sun M, Bian Z, Luan Q, Chen Y, Wang W, Dong Y, Chen L, Hao C, Xu JR, Liu H. Stage-specific regulation of purine metabolism during infectious growth and sexual reproduction in Fusarium graminearum. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:757-773. [PMID: 33411336 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ascospores generated during sexual reproduction are the primary inoculum for the wheat scab fungus Fusarium graminearum. Purine metabolism is known to play important roles in fungal pathogens but its lifecycle stage-specific regulation is unclear. By characterizing the genes involved in purine de novo and salvage biosynthesis pathways, we showed that de novo syntheses of inosine, adenosine and guanosine monophosphates (IMP, AMP and GMP) are important for vegetative growth, sexual/asexual reproduction, and infectious growth, whereas purine salvage synthesis is dispensable for these stages in F. graminearum. Addition of GMP rescued the defects of the Fgimd1 mutant in vegetative growth and conidiation but not sexual reproduction, whereas addition of AMP rescued all of these defects of the Fgade12 mutant, suggesting that the function of de novo synthesis of GMP rather than AMP is distinct in sexual stages. Moreover, Acd1, an ortholog of AMP deaminase, is dispensable for growth but essential for ascosporogenesis and pathogenesis, suggesting that AMP catabolism has stage-specific functions during sexual reproduction and infectious growth. The expression of almost all the genes involved in de novo purine synthesis is downregulated during sexual reproduction and infectious growth relative to vegetative growth. This study revealed that F. graminearum has stage-specific regulation of purine metabolism during infectious growth and sexual reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manli Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, NWAFU-Purdue Joint Research Center, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zhuyun Bian
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Qiaoqiao Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, NWAFU-Purdue Joint Research Center, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yitong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, NWAFU-Purdue Joint Research Center, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, NWAFU-Purdue Joint Research Center, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yongrong Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, NWAFU-Purdue Joint Research Center, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Lingfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, NWAFU-Purdue Joint Research Center, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Chaofeng Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, NWAFU-Purdue Joint Research Center, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jin-Rong Xu
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Huiquan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, NWAFU-Purdue Joint Research Center, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
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16
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Yu J, Kim KH. A Phenome-Wide Association Study of the Effects of Fusarium graminearum Transcription Factors on Fusarium Graminearum Virus 1 Infection. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:622261. [PMID: 33643250 PMCID: PMC7904688 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.622261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Fusarium graminearum virus 1 (FgV1) causes noticeable phenotypic changes such as reduced mycelial growth, increase pigmentation, and reduced pathogenicity in its host fungi, Fusarium graminearum. Previous study showed that the numerous F. graminearum genes including regulatory factors were differentially expressed upon FgV1 infection, however, we have limited knowledge on the effect(s) of specific transcription factor (TF) during FgV1 infection in host fungus. Using gene-deletion mutant library of 657 putative TFs in F. graminearum, we transferred FgV1 by hyphal anastomosis to screen transcription factors that might be associated with viral replication or symptom induction. FgV1-infected TF deletion mutants were divided into three groups according to the mycelial growth phenotype compare to the FgV1-infected wild-type strain (WT-VI). The FgV1-infected TF deletion mutants in Group 1 exhibited slow or weak mycelial growth compare to that of WT-VI on complete medium at 5 dpi. In contrast, Group 3 consists of virus-infected TF deletion mutants showing faster mycelial growth and mild symptom compared to that of WT-VI. The hyphal growth of FgV1-infected TF deletion mutants in Group 2 was not significantly different from that of WT-VI. We speculated that differences of mycelial growth among the FgV1-infected TF deletion mutant groups might be related with the level of FgV1 RNA accumulations in infected host fungi. By conducting real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, we observed close association between FgV1 RNA accumulation and phenotypic differences of FgV1-infected TF deletion mutants in each group, i.e., increased and decreased dsRNA accumulation in Group 1 and Group 3, respectively. Taken together, our analysis provides an opportunity to identify host's regulator(s) of FgV1-triggered signaling and antiviral responses and helps to understand complex regulatory networks between FgV1 and F. graminearum interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisuk Yu
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kook-Hyung Kim
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul, South Korea.,Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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17
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Abstract
In this review, we discuss recent studies of the interaction between Fusarium graminearum viruses (FgVs) and the fungal host, Fusarium graminearum. Comprehensive transcriptome and proteome analyses have shown changes in the expression of host genes in response to infection by diverse FgVs. Using omics data and reverse genetics, researchers have determined the effects of some fungal host proteins (including FgHex1, FgHal2, FgSwi6, and vr1) on virus accumulation, virus transmission, and host symptom development. Recent reports have revealed the functions of the RNAi component in F. graminearum and the functional redundancy of FgDICERs and FgAGOs in the antiviral defense response against different FgV infections. Studies have also documented a unique mechanism used by FgV1 to overcome the antiviral response of the fungal host.
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Comparative acetylome analysis reveals the potential roles of lysine acetylation for DON biosynthesis in Fusarium graminearum. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:841. [PMID: 31718553 PMCID: PMC6852988 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6227-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fusarium graminearum is a destructive fungal pathogen of wheat, barley and other small grain cereals. During plant infection, the pathogen produces trichothecene mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON), which is harmful to human and livestock. FgGCN5 encodes a GCN5 acetyltransferase. The gene deletion mutant Fggcn5 failed to produce DON. We assumed that lysine acetylation might play a key regulatory role in DON biosynthesis in the fungus. Results In this study, the acetylome comparison between Fggcn5 mutant and wild-type strain PH-1 was performed by using affinity enrichment and high resolution LC-MS/MS analysis. Totally, 1875 acetylated proteins were identified in Fggcn5 mutant and PH-1. Among them, 224 and 267 acetylated proteins were identified exclusively in Fggcn5 mutant and PH-1, respectively. Moreover, 95 differentially acetylated proteins were detected at a significantly different level in the gene deletion mutant:43 were up-regulated and 52 were down-regulated. GO enrichment and KEGG-pathways enrichment analyses revealed that acetylation plays a key role in metabolism process in F. graminearum. Conclusions Seeing that the gens playing critical roles in DON biosynthesis either in Fggcn5 mutant or PH-1. Therefore, we can draw the conclusion that the regulatory roles of lysine acetylation in DON biosynthesis in F. graminearum results from the positive and negative regulation of the related genes. The study would be a foundation to insight into the regulatory mechanism of lysine acetylation on DON biosynthesis.
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Guo Y, Yao S, Yuan T, Wang Y, Zhang D, Tang W. The spatiotemporal control of KatG2 catalase-peroxidase contributes to the invasiveness of Fusarium graminearum in host plants. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2019; 20:685-700. [PMID: 30919582 PMCID: PMC6637876 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the pathogen-host interactions, and play a Janus-faced role in the resistance and susceptibility of plants to biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens. The ascomycete fungus Fusarium graminearum causes hazardous wheat Fusarium head blight worldwide. Deletion of the putative secreted catalase-peroxidase gene in F. graminearum, KatG2, reduced the virulence in wheat spike infection. However, it remains unclear when and where KatG2 scavenges ROS during the invasion of wheat. In this study, we delineate the change in ROS levels in the transition of the infection phase under microscopic observation. Correspondingly, the pathogen switches its strategy of infection with temporal and spatial regulation of KatG2 to counteract oxidative stress generated by host plant cells. With the native promoter-driven KatG2-mRFP strain, we show that KatG2-mRFP expression was induced in planta and accumulated in the infection front region at the early infection stage. In contrast to its ubiquitous cellular localization in runner hyphae, KatG2-mRFP is exclusively located on the cell wall of invading hyphal cells, especially at the pathogen-host cellular interface. Using posttranslational modification analysis, we found that asparagine residues at the 238 and 391 positions of KatG2 could be modified by N-glycosylation and that these two residues are required for KatG2 accumulation and cell wall localization in planta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200032China
- University of the Chinese Academy of SciencesChina
| | - Shenghua Yao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200032China
- School of Life ScienceEast China Normal UniversityShanghai200062China
- Shanghai High School International DivisionShanghai200231China
| | - Tinglu Yuan
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200032China
| | - Yanzhang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200032China
| | - Dong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200032China
| | - Weihua Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200032China
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