1
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Love RR, Sikder JR, Vivero RJ, Matute DR, Schrider DR. Strong Positive Selection in Aedes aegypti and the Rapid Evolution of Insecticide Resistance. Mol Biol Evol 2023; 40:msad072. [PMID: 36971242 PMCID: PMC10118305 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msad072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aedes aegypti vectors the pathogens that cause dengue, yellow fever, Zika virus, and chikungunya and is a serious threat to public health in tropical regions. Decades of work has illuminated many aspects of Ae. aegypti's biology and global population structure and has identified insecticide resistance genes; however, the size and repetitive nature of the Ae. aegypti genome have limited our ability to detect positive selection in this mosquito. Combining new whole genome sequences from Colombia with publicly available data from Africa and the Americas, we identify multiple strong candidate selective sweeps in Ae. aegypti, many of which overlap genes linked to or implicated in insecticide resistance. We examine the voltage-gated sodium channel gene in three American cohorts and find evidence for successive selective sweeps in Colombia. The most recent sweep encompasses an intermediate-frequency haplotype containing four candidate insecticide resistance mutations that are in near-perfect linkage disequilibrium with one another in the Colombian sample. We hypothesize that this haplotype may continue to rapidly increase in frequency and perhaps spread geographically in the coming years. These results extend our knowledge of how insecticide resistance has evolved in this species and add to a growing body of evidence suggesting that Ae. aegypti has an extensive genomic capacity to rapidly adapt to insecticide-based vector control.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rebecca Love
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NCUSA
| | - Josh R Sikder
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NCUSA
| | - Rafael J Vivero
- Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales, PECET, Universidad de Antioquia, Chapel Hill, NCColombia
| | - Daniel R Matute
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Daniel R Schrider
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NCUSA
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2
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Baidaliuk A, Lequime S, Moltini-Conclois I, Dabo S, Dickson LB, Prot M, Duong V, Dussart P, Boyer S, Shi C, Matthijnssens J, Guglielmini J, Gloria-Soria A, Simon-Lorière E, Lambrechts L. Novel genome sequences of cell-fusing agent virus allow comparison of virus phylogeny with the genetic structure of Aedes aegypti populations. Virus Evol 2020; 6:veaa018. [PMID: 32368352 PMCID: PMC7189118 DOI: 10.1093/ve/veaa018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses encompass not only medically relevant arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) but also insect-specific flaviviruses (ISFs) that are presumably maintained primarily through vertical transmission in the insect host. Interestingly, ISFs are commonly found infecting important arbovirus vectors such as the mosquito Aedes aegypti. Cell-fusing agent virus (CFAV) was the first described ISF of mosquitoes more than four decades ago. Despite evidence for widespread CFAV infections in A.aegypti populations and for CFAV potential to interfere with arbovirus transmission, little is known about CFAV evolutionary history. Here, we generated six novel CFAV genome sequences by sequencing three new virus isolates and subjecting three mosquito samples to untargeted viral metagenomics. We used these new genome sequences together with published ones to perform a global phylogenetic analysis of CFAV genetic diversity. Although there was some degree of geographical clustering among CFAV sequences, there were also notable discrepancies between geography and phylogeny. In particular, CFAV sequences from Cambodia and Thailand diverged significantly, despite confirmation that A.aegypti populations from both locations are genetically close. The apparent phylogenetic discrepancy between CFAV and its A.aegypti host in Southeast Asia indicates that other factors than host population structure shape CFAV genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Baidaliuk
- Insect-Virus Interactions Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, UMR2000, CNRS, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Collège Doctoral, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Sébastian Lequime
- Insect-Virus Interactions Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, UMR2000, CNRS, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France.,KU Leuven Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Moltini-Conclois
- Insect-Virus Interactions Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, UMR2000, CNRS, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Dabo
- Insect-Virus Interactions Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, UMR2000, CNRS, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Laura B Dickson
- Insect-Virus Interactions Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, UMR2000, CNRS, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Prot
- Evolutionary Genomics of RNA Viruses, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Veasna Duong
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, 5 Monivong Boulevard, 12201, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Philippe Dussart
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, 5 Monivong Boulevard, 12201, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sébastien Boyer
- Medical and Veterinary Entomology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, 5 Monivong Boulevard, 12201, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Chenyan Shi
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Viral Metagenomics, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jelle Matthijnssens
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Viral Metagenomics, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Julien Guglielmini
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Department of Computational Biology, Institut Pasteur, USR 3756 CNRS, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Andrea Gloria-Soria
- Center for Vector Biology & Zoonotic Diseases, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 123 Huntington Street, 06511 New Haven, CT, USA.,Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, Yale University, 165 Prospect Street, 06520-8106 New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Etienne Simon-Lorière
- Evolutionary Genomics of RNA Viruses, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Louis Lambrechts
- Insect-Virus Interactions Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, UMR2000, CNRS, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
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3
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Cosme LV, Gloria-Soria A, Caccone A, Powell JR, Martins AJ. Evolution of kdr haplotypes in worldwide populations of Aedes aegypti: Independent origins of the F1534C kdr mutation. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008219. [PMID: 32298261 PMCID: PMC7188295 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aedes aegypti is the primary vector of dengue, chikungunya, Zika, and urban yellow fever. Insecticides are often the most effective tools to rapidly decrease the density of vector populations, especially during arbovirus disease outbreaks. However, the intense use of insecticides, particularly pyrethroids, has selected for resistant mosquito populations worldwide. Mutations in the voltage gated sodium channel (NaV) are among the principal mechanisms of resistance to pyrethroids and DDT, also known as “knockdown resistance,” kdr. Here we report studies on the origin and dispersion of kdr haplotypes in samples of Ae. aegypti from its worldwide distribution. We amplified the IIS6 and IIIS6 NaV segments from pools of Ae. aegypti populations from 15 countries, in South and North America, Africa, Asia, Pacific, and Australia. The amplicons were barcoded and sequenced using NGS Ion Torrent. Output data were filtered and analyzed using the bioinformatic pipeline Seekdeep to determine frequencies of the IIS6 and IIIS6 haplotypes per population. Phylogenetic relationships among the haplotypes were used to infer whether the kdr mutations have a single or multiple origin. We found 26 and 18 haplotypes, respectively for the IIS6 and IIIS6 segments, among which were the known kdr mutations 989P, 1011M, 1016I and 1016G (IIS6), 1520I, and 1534C (IIIS6). The highest diversity of haplotypes was found in African samples. Kdr mutations 1011M and 1016I were found only in American and African populations, 989P + 1016G and 1520I + 1534C in Asia, while 1534C was present in samples from all continents, except Australia. Based primarily on the intron sequence, IIS6 haplotypes were subdivided into two well-defined clades (A and B). Subsequent phasing of the IIS6 + IIIS6 haplotypes indicates two distinct origins for the 1534C kdr mutation. These results provide evidence of kdr mutations arising de novo at specific locations within the Ae. aegypti geographic distribution. In addition, our results suggest that the 1534C kdr mutation had at least two independent origins. We can thus conclude that insecticide selection pressure with DDT and more recently with pyrethroids is selecting for independent convergent mutations in NaV. Insecticide resistance is a global threat for the control of Aedes aegypti, the mosquito vector of aboviruses such as dengue, chikungunya and Zika. Mutations in the voltage gated sodium channel (NaV), known as kdr, are one of the principal mechanisms related to resistance to pyrethroids, the class of insecticide most employed worldwide inside and around residences. We investigate whether the same kdr mutations found in Ae. aegypti populations from distinct regions of the world have a common origin and subsequently dispersed or if they emerged in unrelated populations at distinct moments. By evaluating the sequences of two fragments of the NaV gene, obtained from DNA collections of Ae. aegypti from several countries, we found at least two independent origins for the F1534C kdr mutation in American, African and Asian populations. There was no evidence for multiple origins of the common kdr mutations V1016I and P989S + V1016G, which were exclusive to American and Asian populations. Our results increase our knowledge of insecticide resistance evolution in one of the main arboviral mosquito vectors of major global diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Gloria-Soria
- Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- Center for Vector Biology & Zoonotic Diseases. The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | | | | | - Ademir Jesus Martins
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/ FIOCRUZ, Av Brasil, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, INCT-EM, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Hopperstad KA, Reiskind MH, Labadie PE, Burford Reiskind MO. Patterns of genetic divergence among populations of Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae) in the southeastern USA. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:511. [PMID: 31666113 PMCID: PMC6822358 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3769-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti is a public health concern in the USA, especially in the wake of emergent diseases such as Zika and chikungunya. Aedes aegypti populations dwindled after the invasion of Aedes albopictus in the 1980s and many populations were extirpated. However, in some areas Ae. aegypti persisted in small populations and there are reports of recent resurgences of Ae. aegypti in Florida, Louisiana, Nevada and California. We assessed the population genetic structure of Ae. aegypti in Florida and Georgia, which has concomitant consequences related to mosquito dispersal, pesticide resistance and vectorial capacity. Methods We collected Ae. aegypti across Florida and in Georgia using ovitraps. We hatched the eggs and reared them to adults, and after sacrifice we extracted their DNA. We then probed each individual for variation in 6 microsatellite markers, which we used to address population genetic characteristics. Results We collected Ae. aegypti and genotyped seven Florida populations and one Georgia population using microsatellite markers. We found evidence of isolation by distance model of gene flow supported by driving distance among cities within Florida and two theoretic genetic clusters. Conclusions Significant genetic structure between some populations with substantial gene flow between geographically distant cities suggests regional genetic structuring of Ae. aegypti in Florida. This study provides information on the genetic exchange between populations of Ae. aegypti in the southeastern USA and suggests potential routes of spread of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen A Hopperstad
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Michael H Reiskind
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Paul E Labadie
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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5
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Salgueiro P, Restrepo-Zabaleta J, Costa M, Galardo AKR, Pinto J, Gaborit P, Guidez A, Martins AJ, Dusfour I. Liaisons dangereuses: cross-border gene flow and dispersal of insecticide resistance-associated genes in the mosquito Aedes aegypti from Brazil and French Guiana. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2019; 114:e190120. [PMID: 31553370 PMCID: PMC6759281 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760190120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, South America has suffered the burden of continuous high
impact outbreaks of dengue, chikungunya and Zika. Aedes
aegypti is the main mosquito vector of these arboviruses and
its control is the only solution to reduce transmission. OBJECTIVES In order to improve vector control it is essential to study mosquito
population genetics in order to better estimate the population structures
and the geneflow among them. METHODS We have analysed microsatellites and knockdown resistance
(kdr) mutations from a trans-border region in Amazonia
between the state of Amapá (Brazil) and French Guiana (overseas territory of
France), to provide further knowledge on these issues. These two countries
have followed distinct vector control policies since last century. For
population genetic analyses we evaluated variability in 13 well-established
microsatellites loci in Ae. aegypti from French Guiana
(Saint Georges and Cayenne) and Brazil (Oiapoque and Macapá). The occurrence
and frequency of kdr mutations in these same populations
were accessed by TaqMan genotype assays for the sites 1016 (Val/Ile) and
1534 (Phe/Cys). FINDINGS We have detected high levels of gene flow between the closest cross-border
samples of Saint-Georges and Oiapoque. These results suggest one common
origin of re-colonisation for the populations of French Guiana and Oiapoque
in Brazil, and a different source for Macapá, more similar to the other
northern Brazilian populations. Genotyping of the kdr
mutations revealed distinct patterns for Cayenne and Macapá associated with
their different insecticide use history, and an admixture zone between these
two patterns in Saint Georges and Oiapoque, in accordance with population
genetic results. MAIN CONCLUSIONS The present study highlights the need for regional-local vector surveillance
and transnational collaboration between neighboring countries to assess the
impact of implemented vector control strategies, promote timely actions and
develop preparedness plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Salgueiro
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Global Health and Tropical Medicine Centre, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Johana Restrepo-Zabaleta
- Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Vectopole Amazonien Emile Abonnenc, Vector Control and Adaptation Unit, Cayenne, France
| | - Monique Costa
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | | | - João Pinto
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Global Health and Tropical Medicine Centre, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pascal Gaborit
- Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Vectopole Amazonien Emile Abonnenc, Vector Control and Adaptation Unit, Cayenne, France
| | - Amandine Guidez
- Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Vectopole Amazonien Emile Abonnenc, Vector Control and Adaptation Unit, Cayenne, France
| | - Ademir Jesus Martins
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Isabelle Dusfour
- Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Vectopole Amazonien Emile Abonnenc, Vector Control and Adaptation Unit, Cayenne, France.,Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Armand Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC, Canada
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6
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Maitra A, Cunha-Machado AS, Souza Leandro AD, Costa FMD, Scarpassa VM. Exploring deeper genetic structures: Aedes aegypti in Brazil. Acta Trop 2019; 195:68-77. [PMID: 31034798 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti, being the principal vector of dengue (DENV1 to 4), chikungunya and Zika viruses, is considered as one of the most important mosquito vectors. In Brazil, despite regular vector control programs, Ae. aegypti still persists with high urban density in all the states. This study aimed to estimate the intra and inter population genetic diversity and genetic structure among 15 Brazilian populations of Ae. aegypti based on 12 microsatellite loci. A total of 510 specimens were analyzed comprising eight locations from northern (Itacoatiara, Manaus, Novo Airão, Boa Vista, Rio Branco, Porto Velho, Guajará-Mirim and Macapá), three from southeastern (Araçatuba, São José de Rio Preto and Taubaté), one from southern (Foz do Iguaçu), one from central west (Cuiabá) and two from northeastern (Campina Grande and Teresina) regions of Brazil. Genetic distances (pairwise values of FST and Nm) and the analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) were statistically significant, independent of geographic distances among the sites analyzed, indicating that them are under a complex dynamic process that influence the levels of gene flow within and among regions of the country. Bayesian analysis in STRUCTURE revealed the existence of two major genetic clusters, as well as there was genetic substructure within them; these results were confirmed by AMOVA, BAPS and DAPC analyses. This differentiation is the cumulative result of several factors combined as events of multiple introduction, passive dispersal, environmental and climatic conditions, use of insecticides, cycles of extinction and re-colonization followed by microevolutionary processes throughout the country. Isolation by distance also contributed to this differentiation, especially among geographically closer localities. These genetic differences may affect its vector competence to transmit dengue, chikungunya, Zika and the response to vector control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahana Maitra
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Conservação e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto Nacional Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, CEP 69.067-375, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Antônio Saulo Cunha-Machado
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Conservação e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto Nacional Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, CEP 69.067-375, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - André de Souza Leandro
- Centro de Zoonoses, Secretaria Municipal de Saúde e Saneamento, Prefeitura Municipal de Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Fábio Medeiros da Costa
- Oikos Consultoria e Projetos, Departamento de Meio Ambiente, Estrada de Santo Antônio, 3903 Apto 103 - Triângulo, Porto Velho, CEP 76.805 - 696, Rondônia, Brazil
| | - Vera Margarete Scarpassa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Conservação e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto Nacional Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, CEP 69.067-375, Amazonas, Brazil; Laboratório de Genética de Populações e Evolução de Vetores de Malária e Dengue, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, CEP 69.067-375, Amazonas, Brazil.
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7
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Suesdek L. Microevolution of medically important mosquitoes - A review. Acta Trop 2019; 191:162-171. [PMID: 30529448 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This review intends to discuss central issues regarding the microevolution of mosquito (Culicidae) vectors of several pathogens and how this process impacts vector biology, disease transmission, and vector control attempts. On the microevolutionary context, it comparatively discusses the current knowledge on the population genetics of representatives of the genera Aedes, Anopheles and Culex, and comments on insecticide resistance of culicids. It also discusses other biological aspects of culicids that are not usually addressed in microevolutionary studies, such as vectorial competence, endosymbiosis, and wing morphology. One conclusion is that mosquitoes are highly genetically variable, adaptable, fast evolving, and have versatile vectorial competence. Unveiling microevolutionary patterns is fundamental for the design and maintenance of all control programs. Sampling methods for assessing microevolution must be standardized and must follow meaningful guidelines, such as those of "landscape genetics". A good understanding of microevolution requires more than a collection of case studies on population genetics and resistance. Future research could deal not only with the microevolution sensu stricto, but also with evolutionarily meaningful issues, such as inheritable characters, epigenetics, physiological cost-free plasticity, vector immunity, symbiosis, pathogen-mosquito co-evolution and environmental variables. A genotyping panel for seeking adaptive phenotypes as part of the standardization of population genetics methods is proposed. The investigative paradigm should not only be retrospective but also prospective, despite the unpredictability of evolution. If we integrate all suggestions to tackle mosquito evolution, a global revolution to counter vector-borne diseases can be provoked.
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8
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Origin and expansion of the mosquito Aedes aegypti in Madeira Island (Portugal). Sci Rep 2019; 9:2241. [PMID: 30783149 PMCID: PMC6381185 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38373-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically known as the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti invaded Madeira Island in 2005 and was the vector of the island’s first dengue outbreak in 2012. We have studied genetic variation at 16 microsatellites and two mitochondrial DNA genes in temporal samples of Madeira Island, in order to assess the origin of the invasion and the population structure of this mosquito vector. Our results indicated at least two independent colonization events occurred on the island, both having a South American source population. In both scenarios, Venezuela was the most probable origin of these introductions, a result that is in accordance with the socioeconomic relations between this country and Madeira Island. Once introduced, Ae. aegypti has rapidly expanded along the southern coast of the island and reached a maximum effective population size (Ne) in 2012, coincident with the dengue epidemic. After the outbreak, there was a 10-fold reduction in Ne estimates, possibly reflecting the impact of community-based vector control measures implemented during the outbreak. These findings have implications for mosquito surveillance not only for Madeira Island, but also for other European regions where Aedes mosquitoes are expanding.
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9
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Gloria-Soria A, Lima A, Lovin DD, Cunningham JM, Severson DW, Powell JR. Origin of a High-Latitude Population of Aedes aegypti in Washington, DC. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2017; 98:445-452. [PMID: 29260658 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.17-0676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An overwintering population of Aedes aegypti has been documented in the Capitol Hill neighborhood of Washington, DC, since 2011. Mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (mtCOI) sequence data presented in a previous study traced the origin to the New World. Here, we use microsatellite and 14,071 single nucleotide polymorphisms along with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences on Washington Ae. aegypti samples and samples from potential sources to further narrow the origin of this population. Genetically, Washington Ae. aegypti are closest to populations in Florida, meaning this is the most likely source. Florida experienced the first mosquito-borne transmission of dengue in the United States after decades of absence of this disease, as well as local transmission of chikungunya and Zika in recent years. This suggests that the Capitol Hill, Washington, DC population of Ae. aegypti is capable of transmitting viruses such as dengue, chikungunya, and Zika in modern US city environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew Lima
- Fairfax County Health Department, Disease Carrying Insects Program, Fairfax, Virginia
| | - Diane D Lovin
- Department of Biological Sciences and Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Joanne M Cunningham
- Department of Biological Sciences and Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - David W Severson
- Department of Biological Sciences and Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
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10
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Saarman NP, Gloria-Soria A, Anderson EC, Evans BR, Pless E, Cosme LV, Gonzalez-Acosta C, Kamgang B, Wesson DM, Powell JR. Effective population sizes of a major vector of human diseases, Aedes aegypti. Evol Appl 2017; 10:1031-1039. [PMID: 29151858 PMCID: PMC5680635 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The effective population size (Ne) is a fundamental parameter in population genetics that determines the relative strength of selection and random genetic drift, the effect of migration, levels of inbreeding, and linkage disequilibrium. In many cases where it has been estimated in animals, Ne is on the order of 10%–20% of the census size. In this study, we use 12 microsatellite markers and 14,888 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to empirically estimate Ne in Aedes aegypti, the major vector of yellow fever, dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses. We used the method of temporal sampling to estimate Ne on a global dataset made up of 46 samples of Ae. aegypti that included multiple time points from 17 widely distributed geographic localities. Our Ne estimates for Ae. aegypti fell within a broad range (~25–3,000) and averaged between 400 and 600 across all localities and time points sampled. Adult census size (Nc) estimates for this species range between one and five thousand, so the Ne/Nc ratio is about the same as for most animals. These Ne values are lower than estimates available for other insects and have important implications for the design of genetic control strategies to reduce the impact of this species of mosquito on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eric C Anderson
- Fisheries Ecology Division Southwest Fisheries Science Center National Marine Fisheries Service and University of California Santa Cruz CA USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Basile Kamgang
- LSTM/OCEAC Research Unit Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale Yaoundé Cameroon
| | - Dawn M Wesson
- Department of Tropical Medicine Tulane University New Orleans LA USA
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Gloria-Soria A, Ayala D, Bheecarry A, Calderon-Arguedas O, Chadee DD, Chiappero M, Coetzee M, Elahee KB, Fernandez-Salas I, Kamal HA, Kamgang B, Khater EIM, Kramer LD, Kramer V, Lopez-Solis A, Lutomiah J, Martins A, Micieli MV, Paupy C, Ponlawat A, Rahola N, Rasheed SB, Richardson JB, Saleh AA, Sanchez-Casas RM, Seixas G, Sousa CA, Tabachnick WJ, Troyo A, Powell JR. Global genetic diversity of Aedes aegypti. Mol Ecol 2016; 25:5377-5395. [PMID: 27671732 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mosquitoes, especially Aedes aegypti, are becoming important models for studying invasion biology. We characterized genetic variation at 12 microsatellite loci in 79 populations of Ae. aegypti from 30 countries in six continents, and used them to infer historical and modern patterns of invasion. Our results support the two subspecies Ae. aegypti formosus and Ae. aegypti aegypti as genetically distinct units. Ae. aegypti aegypti populations outside Africa are derived from ancestral African populations and are monophyletic. The two subspecies co-occur in both East Africa (Kenya) and West Africa (Senegal). In rural/forest settings (Rabai District of Kenya), the two subspecies remain genetically distinct, whereas in urban settings, they introgress freely. Populations outside Africa are highly genetically structured likely due to a combination of recent founder effects, discrete discontinuous habitats and low migration rates. Ancestral populations in sub-Saharan Africa are less genetically structured, as are the populations in Asia. Introduction of Ae. aegypti to the New World coinciding with trans-Atlantic shipping in the 16th to 18th centuries was followed by its introduction to Asia in the late 19th century from the New World or from now extinct populations in the Mediterranean Basin. Aedes mascarensis is a genetically distinct sister species to Ae. aegypti s.l. This study provides a reference database of genetic diversity that can be used to determine the likely origin of new introductions that occur regularly for this invasive species. The genetic uniqueness of many populations and regions has important implications for attempts to control Ae. aegypti, especially for the methods using genetic modification of populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diego Ayala
- Laboratory MIVEGEC, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, 34394, France.,Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Ambicadutt Bheecarry
- Vector Biology and Control Division, Ministry of Health and Quality of Life, Mauritius, Mauritius
| | - Olger Calderon-Arguedas
- Facultad de Microbiología, Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Dave D Chadee
- Department of Life Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad, WI
| | - Marina Chiappero
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) y Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 299, X5000JJC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Maureen Coetzee
- School of Pathology, Wits Research Institute for Malaria, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Khouaildi Bin Elahee
- Vector Biology and Control Division, Ministry of Health and Quality of Life, Mauritius, Mauritius
| | | | - Hany A Kamal
- Dallah Establishment, Pest Control Projects, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Basile Kamgang
- Research Unit Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Oganisation de Coordination pour la lute contre les Endemies en Afrique Centrale, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Emad I M Khater
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Laura D Kramer
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Vicki Kramer
- Vector Borne Disease Section, California Department of Public Health, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Alma Lopez-Solis
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública INSP, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Joel Lutomiah
- Arbovirus/Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Laboratory, Center for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), P. O. Box 54628-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ademir Martins
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, IOC-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Victoria Micieli
- Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores, CONICET, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Christophe Paupy
- Laboratory MIVEGEC, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, 34394, France
| | | | - Nil Rahola
- Laboratory MIVEGEC, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, 34394, France
| | - Syed Basit Rasheed
- Department of Zoology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | | | - Amag A Saleh
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rosa Maria Sanchez-Casas
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Escobedo, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Gonçalo Seixas
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carla A Sousa
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Walter J Tabachnick
- Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, IFAS, Vero Beach, FL, USA
| | - Adriana Troyo
- Facultad de Microbiología, Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Jeffrey R Powell
- Yale University, 21 Sachem Street, New Haven, CT, 06520-8105, USA
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