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Kisby GE, Wilson DM, Spencer PS. Introducing the Role of Genotoxicity in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7221. [PMID: 39000326 PMCID: PMC11241460 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Decades of research have identified genetic and environmental factors involved in age-related neurodegenerative diseases and, to a lesser extent, neuropsychiatric disorders. Genomic instability, i.e., the loss of genome integrity, is a common feature among both neurodegenerative (mayo-trophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease) and psychiatric (schizophrenia, autism, bipolar depression) disorders. Genomic instability is associated with the accumulation of persistent DNA damage and the activation of DNA damage response (DDR) pathways, as well as pathologic neuronal cell loss or senescence. Typically, DDR signaling ensures that genomic and proteomic homeostasis are maintained in both dividing cells, including neural progenitors, and post-mitotic neurons. However, dysregulation of these protective responses, in part due to aging or environmental insults, contributes to the progressive development of neurodegenerative and/or psychiatric disorders. In this Special Issue, we introduce and highlight the overlap between neurodegenerative diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders, as well as the emerging clinical, genomic, and molecular evidence for the contributions of DNA damage and aberrant DNA repair. Our goal is to illuminate the importance of this subject to uncover possible treatment and prevention strategies for relevant devastating brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glen E. Kisby
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of Pacific Northwest, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, OR 97355, USA
| | - David M. Wilson
- Biomedical Research Institute, BIOMED, Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium;
| | - Peter S. Spencer
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Sciences University (OHSU), Portland, OR 97239, USA
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2
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Ghosh U, Tse E, Yang H, Shi M, Caro CD, Wang F, Merz GE, Prusiner SB, Southworth DR, Condello C. Cryo-EM structures reveal tau filaments from Down syndrome adopt Alzheimer's disease fold. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2024; 12:94. [PMID: 38867338 PMCID: PMC11167798 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-024-01806-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is a common genetic condition caused by trisomy of chromosome 21. Among their complex clinical features, including musculoskeletal, neurological, and cardiovascular disabilities, individuals with DS have an increased risk of developing progressive dementia and early-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). This dementia is attributed to the increased gene dosage of the amyloid-β (Aβ) precursor protein gene, the formation of self-propagating Aβ and tau prion conformers, and the deposition of neurotoxic Aβ plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles. Tau amyloid fibrils have previously been established to adopt many distinct conformations across different neurodegenerative conditions. Here, we report the characterization of brain samples from four DS cases spanning 36-63 years of age by spectral confocal imaging with conformation-specific dyes and cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to determine structures of isolated tau fibrils. High-resolution structures revealed paired helical filament (PHF) and straight filament (SF) conformations of tau that were identical to those determined from AD cases. The PHFs and SFs are made of two C-shaped protofilaments, each containing a cross-β/β-helix motif. Similar to filaments from AD cases, most filaments from the DS cases adopted the PHF form, while a minority (approximately 20%) formed SFs. Samples from the youngest individual with no documented dementia had sparse tau deposits. To isolate tau for cryo-EM from this challenging sample we used a novel affinity-grid method involving a graphene oxide surface derivatized with anti-tau antibodies. This method improved isolation and revealed that primarily tau PHFs and a minor population of chronic traumatic encephalopathy type II-like filaments were present in this youngest case. These findings expand the similarities between AD and DS to the molecular level, providing insight into their related pathologies and the potential for targeting common tau filament folds by small-molecule therapeutics and diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujjayini Ghosh
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eric Tse
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hyunjun Yang
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Marie Shi
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christoffer D Caro
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gregory E Merz
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stanley B Prusiner
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniel R Southworth
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Carlo Condello
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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3
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Ghosh U, Tse E, Yang H, Shi M, Carlo CD, Wang F, Merz GE, Prusiner SB, Southworth DR, Condello C. Cryo-EM Structures Reveal Tau Filaments from Down Syndrome Adopt Alzheimer's Disease Fold. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.02.587507. [PMID: 38617229 PMCID: PMC11014571 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.02.587507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is a common genetic condition caused by trisomy of chromosome 21. Among the complex clinical features including musculoskeletal, neurological and cardiovascular disabilities, individuals with DS have an increased risk of developing progressive dementia and early onset Alzheimer's Disease (AD). This is attributed to the increased gene dosage of amyloid-β (Aβ) precursor protein gene, the formation of self-propagating Aβ and tau prion conformers, and the deposition of neurotoxic Aβ plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles. Tau amyloid fibrils have previously been established to adopt many distinct conformations across different neurodegenerative conditions. Here we report the characterization of brain samples from four DS cases spanning 36 to 63 years of age by spectral confocal imaging with conformation-specific dyes and cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to determine structures of isolated tau fibrils. High-resolution structures reveal paired helical filament (PHF) and straight filament (SF) conformations of tau that are identical to those determined from AD. The PHFs and SFs are made of two C-shaped protofilaments with a cross-β/β-helix motif. Similar to filaments from AD cases, most filaments from the DS cases adopted the PHF form, while a minority (~20%) formed SFs. Samples from the youngest individual with no documented dementia had sparse tau deposits. To isolate tau for cryo-EM from this challenging sample we used a novel affinity-grid method involving a graphene-oxide surface derivatized with anti-tau antibodies. This improved isolation and revealed primarily tau PHFs and a minor population of chronic traumatic encephalopathy type II-like filaments were present in this youngest case. These findings expand the similarities between AD and DS to the molecular level, providing insight into their related pathologies and the potential for targeting common tau filament folds by small-molecule therapeutics and diagnostics.
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4
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Qi C, Kobayashi R, Kawakatsu S, Kametani F, Scheres SHW, Goedert M, Hasegawa M. Tau filaments with the chronic traumatic encephalopathy fold in a case of vacuolar tauopathy with VCP mutation D395G. Acta Neuropathol 2024; 147:86. [PMID: 38758288 PMCID: PMC7616110 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-024-02741-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Dominantly inherited mutation D395G in the gene encoding valosin-containing protein causes vacuolar tauopathy, a type of behavioural-variant frontotemporal dementia, with marked vacuolation and abundant filamentous tau inclusions made of all six brain isoforms. Here we report that tau inclusions were concentrated in layers II/III of the frontotemporal cortex in a case of vacuolar tauopathy. By electron cryomicroscopy, tau filaments had the chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) fold. Tau inclusions of vacuolar tauopathy share this cortical location and the tau fold with CTE, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/parkinsonism-dementia complex, which are believed to be environmentally induced. Vacuolar tauopathy is the first inherited disease with the CTE tau fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Qi
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ryota Kobayashi
- Department of Psychiatry, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Shinobu Kawakatsu
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Aizu Medical Center, Fukushima Medical University, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan
| | - Fuyuki Kametani
- Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sjors H W Scheres
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Michel Goedert
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Masato Hasegawa
- Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan.
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5
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Leventoux N, Morimoto S, Ishikawa M, Nakamura S, Ozawa F, Kobayashi R, Watanabe H, Supakul S, Okamoto S, Zhou Z, Kobayashi H, Kato C, Hirokawa Y, Aiba I, Takahashi S, Shibata S, Takao M, Yoshida M, Endo F, Yamanaka K, Kokubo Y, Okano H. Aberrant CHCHD2-associated mitochondriopathy in Kii ALS/PDC astrocytes. Acta Neuropathol 2024; 147:84. [PMID: 38750212 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-024-02734-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/Parkinsonism-Dementia Complex (ALS/PDC), a rare and complex neurological disorder, is predominantly observed in the Western Pacific islands, including regions of Japan, Guam, and Papua. This enigmatic condition continues to capture medical attention due to affected patients displaying symptoms that parallel those seen in either classical amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or Parkinson's disease (PD). Distinctly, postmortem examinations of the brains of affected individuals have shown the presence of α-synuclein aggregates and TDP-43, which are hallmarks of PD and classical ALS, respectively. These observations are further complicated by the detection of phosphorylated tau, accentuating the multifaceted proteinopathic nature of ALS/PDC. The etiological foundations of this disease remain undetermined, and genetic investigations have yet to provide conclusive answers. However, emerging evidence has implicated the contribution of astrocytes, pivotal cells for maintaining brain health, to neurodegenerative onset, and likely to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of ALS/PDC. Leveraging advanced induced pluripotent stem cell technology, our team cultivated multiple astrocyte lines to further investigate the Japanese variant of ALS/PDC (Kii ALS/PDC). CHCHD2 emerged as a significantly dysregulated gene when disease astrocytes were compared to healthy controls. Our analyses also revealed imbalances in the activation of specific pathways: those associated with astrocytic cilium dysfunction, known to be involved in neurodegeneration, and those related to major neurological disorders, including classical ALS and PD. Further in-depth examinations revealed abnormalities in the mitochondrial morphology and metabolic processes of the affected astrocytes. A particularly striking observation was the reduced expression of CHCHD2 in the spinal cord, motor cortex, and oculomotor nuclei of patients with Kii ALS/PDC. In summary, our findings suggest a potential reduction in the support Kii ALS/PDC astrocytes provide to neurons, emphasizing the need to explore the role of CHCHD2 in maintaining mitochondrial health and its implications for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Leventoux
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Morimoto
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Keio Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Ishikawa
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiho Nakamura
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Keio Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiko Ozawa
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Keio Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reona Kobayashi
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Watanabe
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Keio Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Sopak Supakul
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Okamoto
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Zhi Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroya Kobayashi
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Keio Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chris Kato
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Keio Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Hirokawa
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Ikuko Aiba
- Department of Neurology, NHO, Higashinagoya National Hospital, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shinichi Takahashi
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Keio Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Neurology and Stroke, International Medical Centre, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Shibata
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Microscopic Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masaki Takao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Centre of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mari Yoshida
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Fumito Endo
- Department of Neuroscience and Pathobiology, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Koji Yamanaka
- Department of Neuroscience and Pathobiology, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Kokubo
- Kii ALS/PDC Research Centre, Mie University Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie, Japan.
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
- Keio Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan.
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan.
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Mimuro M, Iwasaki Y. Age-Related Pathology in Corticobasal Degeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2740. [PMID: 38473986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Elderly human brains are vulnerable to multiple proteinopathies, although each protein has a different transmission pathway. Tau-immunoreactive astrocytes are well-known in elderly brains. In contrast, astrocytic plaques, a hallmark in corticobasal degeneration (CBD), rarely occur in aging and neurodegenerative disease other than CBD. To elucidate the clinicopathological correlation of aging-related pathology in CBD, we examined 21 pathologically proven CBD cases in our institute (12 males and 9 females, with a mean age of death 70.6 years). All CBD cases showed grains and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Fifteen cases (71.4%) showed beta-amyloid deposition such as senile plaques or cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Three cases (14.3%) had Lewy body pathology. One case was classified as amygdala-predominant Lewy body disease, although no cases met the pathological criteria for Alzheimer's disease. Five cases (23.8%) displayed Limbic-predominant and age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE). NFTs, grains, and TDP-43-positive neuronal inclusions were widely distributed throughout the limbic system of CBD patients, but their densities were low. CBD might a have similar cell vulnerability and transmission pathway to that of multiple proteinopathy in aging brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Mimuro
- Department of Pathology, Mie University Hospital, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
- Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan
| | - Yasushi Iwasaki
- Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan
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Garamszegi SP, Brzostowicki DJ, Coyne TM, Vontell RT, Davis DA. TDP-43 and Alzheimer's Disease Pathology in the Brain of a Harbor Porpoise Exposed to the Cyanobacterial Toxin BMAA. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:42. [PMID: 38251257 PMCID: PMC10821503 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Cetaceans are well-regarded as sentinels for toxin exposure. Emerging studies suggest that cetaceans can also develop neuropathological changes associated with neurodegenerative disease. The occurrence of neuropathology makes cetaceans an ideal species for examining the impact of marine toxins on the brain across the lifespan. Here, we describe TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) proteinopathy and Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathological changes in a beached harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) that was exposed to a toxin produced by cyanobacteria called β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA). We found pathogenic TDP-43 cytoplasmic inclusions in neurons throughout the cerebral cortex, midbrain and brainstem. P62/sequestosome-1, responsible for the autophagy of misfolded proteins, was observed in the amygdala, hippocampus and frontal cortex. Genes implicated in AD and TDP-43 neuropathology such as APP and TARDBP were expressed in the brain. AD neuropathological changes such as amyloid-β plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, granulovacuolar degeneration and Hirano bodies were present in the hippocampus. These findings further support the development of progressive neurodegenerative disease in cetaceans and a potential causative link to cyanobacterial toxins. Climate change, nutrient pollution and industrial waste are increasing the frequency of harmful cyanobacterial blooms. Cyanotoxins like BMAA that are associated with neurodegenerative disease pose an increasing public health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna P. Garamszegi
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Daniel J. Brzostowicki
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Thomas M. Coyne
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Regina T. Vontell
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - David A. Davis
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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Mishima T, Yuasa-Kawada J, Fujioka S, Tsuboi Y. Perry Disease: Bench to Bedside Circulation and a Team Approach. Biomedicines 2024; 12:113. [PMID: 38255218 PMCID: PMC10813069 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
With technological applications, especially in genetic testing, new diseases have been discovered and new disease concepts have been proposed in recent years; however, the pathogenesis and treatment of these rare diseases are not as well established as those of common diseases. To demonstrate the importance of rare disease research, in this paper we focus on our research topic, Perry disease (Perry syndrome). Perry disease is a rare autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder clinically characterized by parkinsonism, depression/apathy, weight loss, and respiratory symptoms including central hypoventilation and central sleep apnea. The pathological classification of Perry disease falls under TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) proteinopathies. Patients with Perry disease exhibit DCTN1 mutations, which is the causative gene for the disease; they also show relatively uniform pathological and clinical features. This review summarizes recent findings regarding Perry disease from both basic and clinical perspectives. In addition, we describe technological innovations and outline future challenges and treatment prospects. We discuss the expansion of research from rare diseases to common diseases and the importance of collaboration between clinicians and researchers. Here, we highlight the importance of researching rare diseases as it contributes to a deeper understanding of more common diseases, thereby opening up new avenues for scientific exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yoshio Tsuboi
- Department of Neurology, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (T.M.); (J.Y.-K.); (S.F.)
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Qi C, Verheijen BM, Kokubo Y, Shi Y, Tetter S, Murzin AG, Nakahara A, Morimoto S, Vermulst M, Sasaki R, Aronica E, Hirokawa Y, Oyanagi K, Kakita A, Ryskeldi-Falcon B, Yoshida M, Hasegawa M, Scheres SHW, Goedert M. Tau filaments from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/parkinsonism-dementia complex adopt the CTE fold. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2306767120. [PMID: 38100415 PMCID: PMC10743375 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2306767120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/parkinsonism-dementia complex (ALS/PDC) of the island of Guam and the Kii peninsula of Japan is a fatal neurodegenerative disease of unknown cause that is characterized by the presence of abundant filamentous tau inclusions in brains and spinal cords. Here, we used electron cryo-microscopy to determine the structures of tau filaments from the cerebral cortex of three cases of ALS/PDC from Guam and eight cases from Kii, as well as from the spinal cord of two of the Guam cases. Tau filaments had the chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) fold, with variable amounts of Type I and Type II filaments. Paired helical tau filaments were also found in three Kii cases and tau filaments with the corticobasal degeneration fold in one Kii case. We identified a new Type III CTE tau filament, where protofilaments pack against each other in an antiparallel fashion. ALS/PDC is the third known tauopathy with CTE-type filaments and abundant tau inclusions in cortical layers II/III, the others being CTE and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. Because these tauopathies are believed to have environmental causes, our findings support the hypothesis that ALS/PDC is caused by exogenous factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Qi
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CambridgeCB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Bert M. Verheijen
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA90089
| | - Yasumasa Kokubo
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu514-8507, Japan
| | - Yang Shi
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CambridgeCB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Stephan Tetter
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CambridgeCB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Alexey G. Murzin
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CambridgeCB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Asa Nakahara
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata951-8585, Japan
| | - Satoru Morimoto
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu514-8507, Japan
| | - Marc Vermulst
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA90089
| | - Ryogen Sasaki
- Department of Nursing, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka513-8670, Japan
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of Neuropathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Yoshifumi Hirokawa
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu514-8507, Japan
| | - Kiyomitsu Oyanagi
- Department of Brain Disease Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto390-8621, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Kakita
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata951-8585, Japan
| | | | - Mari Yoshida
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute480-1195, Japan
| | - Masato Hasegawa
- Department of Brain and Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo156-8506, Japan
| | - Sjors H. W. Scheres
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CambridgeCB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Michel Goedert
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CambridgeCB2 0QH, United Kingdom
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Kobayashi H, Ueda K, Morimoto S, Ishikawa M, Leventoux N, Sasaki R, Hirokawa Y, Kokubo Y, Okano H. Protein profiling of extracellular vesicles from iPSC-derived astrocytes of patients with ALS/PDC in Kii peninsula. Neurol Sci 2023; 44:4511-4516. [PMID: 37615876 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-07000-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/Parkinsonism-dementia complex in Kii peninsula, Japan (Kii ALS/PDC), is an endemic neurodegenerative disease whose causes and pathogenesis remain unknown. However, astrocytes in autopsied cases of Kii ALS/PDC show characteristic lesions. In addition, relationships between extracellular vesicles (EVs) and neurodegenerative diseases are increasingly apparent. Therefore, we focused on proteins in EVs derived from Kii ALS/PDC astrocytes in the present study. METHODS Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from three healthy controls (HCs) and three patients with Kii ALS/PDC were differentiated into astrocytes. EVs in the culture medium of astrocytes were collected and subjected to quantitative proteome analysis. RESULTS Our proteome analysis reveals that EV-containing proteins derived from astrocytes of patients with Kii ALS/PDC show distinctive patterns compared with those of HCs. Moreover, EVs derived from Kii ALS/PDC astrocytes display increased proteins related to proteostasis and decreased proteins related to anti-inflammation. DISCUSSION Proteins contained in EVs from astrocytes unveil protective support to neurons and may reflect the molecular pathomechanism of Kii ALS/PDC; accordingly, they may be potential biomarker candidates of Kii ALS/PDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroya Kobayashi
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Ueda
- Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation of Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Morimoto
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan.
| | - Mitsuru Ishikawa
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nicolas Leventoux
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryogen Sasaki
- School of Nursing, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Mie, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Hirokawa
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Kokubo
- Kii ALS/PDC Research Center, Mie University Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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11
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Menšíková K, Steele JC, Rosales R, Colosimo C, Spencer P, Lannuzel A, Ugawa Y, Sasaki R, Giménez-Roldán S, Matej R, Tuckova L, Hrabos D, Kolarikova K, Vodicka R, Vrtel R, Strnad M, Hlustik P, Otruba P, Prochazka M, Bares M, Boluda S, Buee L, Ransmayr G, Kaňovský P. Endemic parkinsonism: clusters, biology and clinical features. Nat Rev Neurol 2023; 19:599-616. [PMID: 37684518 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-023-00866-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The term 'endemic parkinsonism' refers to diseases that manifest with a dominant parkinsonian syndrome, which can be typical or atypical, and are present only in a particular geographically defined location or population. Ten phenotypes of endemic parkinsonism are currently known: three in the Western Pacific region; two in the Asian-Oceanic region; one in the Caribbean islands of Guadeloupe and Martinique; and four in Europe. Some of these disease entities seem to be disappearing over time and therefore are probably triggered by unique environmental factors. By contrast, other types persist because they are exclusively genetically determined. Given the geographical clustering and potential overlap in biological and clinical features of these exceptionally interesting diseases, this Review provides a historical reference text and offers current perspectives on each of the 10 phenotypes of endemic parkinsonism. Knowledge obtained from the study of these disease entities supports the hypothesis that both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of neurodegenerative diseases, not only in endemic parkinsonism but also in general. At the same time, this understanding suggests useful directions for further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Menšíková
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience Center, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- University Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - Raymond Rosales
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Santo Tomás, Manila, The Philippines
- St Luke's Institute of Neuroscience, Metro, Manila, The Philippines
| | - Carlo Colosimo
- Department of Neurology, Santa Maria University Hospital, Terni, Italy
| | - Peter Spencer
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Annie Lannuzel
- Départment de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de la Guadeloupe, Pointe-á-Pitre, France
| | - Yoshikazu Ugawa
- Department of Human Neurophysiology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Ryogen Sasaki
- Department of Neurology, Kuwana City Medical Center, Kuwana, Japan
| | | | - Radoslav Matej
- Department of Pathology, 3rd Medical Faculty, Charles University and University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, 3rd Medical Faculty, Charles University and Thomayer University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Tuckova
- University Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Dominik Hrabos
- University Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Kristyna Kolarikova
- University Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Vodicka
- University Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Vrtel
- University Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience Center, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- University Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Hlustik
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience Center, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- University Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Otruba
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience Center, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- University Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Prochazka
- University Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Bares
- First Department of Neurology, Masaryk University Medical School, Brno, Czech Republic
- St Anne University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Susana Boluda
- Département de Neuropathologie, Hôpital La Pitié - Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Luc Buee
- Lille Neuroscience & Cognition Research Centre, INSERM U1172, Lille, France
| | - Gerhard Ransmayr
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | - Petr Kaňovský
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience Center, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
- University Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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12
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Ibrahim NM, Jagota P, Pal PK, Bhidayasiri R, Lim SY, Ugawa Y, Aldaajani Z, Jeon B, Fujioka S, Lee JY, Kukkle PL, Shang H, Phokaewvarangkul O, Diesta C, Shambetova C, Lin CH. Historical and More Common Nongenetic Movement Disorders From Asia. J Mov Disord 2023; 16:248-260. [PMID: 37291830 PMCID: PMC10548075 DOI: 10.14802/jmd.22224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nongenetic movement disorders are common throughout the world. The movement disorders encountered may vary depending on the prevalence of certain disorders across various geographical regions. In this paper, we review historical and more common nongenetic movement disorders in Asia. The underlying causes of these movement disorders are diverse and include, among others, nutritional deficiencies, toxic and metabolic causes, and cultural Latah syndrome, contributed by geographical, economic, and cultural differences across Asia. The industrial revolution in Japan and Korea has led to diseases related to environmental toxin poisoning, such as Minamata disease and β-fluoroethyl acetate-associated cerebellar degeneration, respectively, while religious dietary restriction in the Indian subcontinent has led to infantile tremor syndrome related to vitamin B12 deficiency. In this review, we identify the salient features and key contributing factors in the development of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norlinah Mohamed Ibrahim
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Priya Jagota
- Chulalongkorn Centre of Excellence for Parkinson’s Disease and Related Disorders, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pramod Kumar Pal
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Roongroj Bhidayasiri
- Chulalongkorn Centre of Excellence for Parkinson’s Disease and Related Disorders, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
- The Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Shen-Yang Lim
- The Mah Pooi Soo & Tan Chin Nam Centre for Parkinson’s & Related Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yoshikazu Ugawa
- Department of Human Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Zakiyah Aldaajani
- Neurology Unit, King Fahad Military Medical Complex, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Beomseok Jeon
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Movement Disorder Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shinsuke Fujioka
- Department of Neurology, Fukuoka University, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jee-Young Lee
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University Medical College, Seoul, Korea
| | - Prashanth Lingappa Kukkle
- Center for Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders, Manipal Hospital, Bangalore, India
- Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders Clinic, Bangalore, India
| | - Huifang Shang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Onanong Phokaewvarangkul
- Chulalongkorn Centre of Excellence for Parkinson’s Disease and Related Disorders, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Cid Diesta
- Section of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience, Makati Medical Center, NCR, Makati, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | | | - Chin-Hsien Lin
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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13
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Samman WA, Selim SM, El Fayoumi HM, El-Sayed NM, Mehanna ET, Hazem RM. Dapagliflozin Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment in Aluminum-Chloride-Induced Alzheimer's Disease via Modulation of AMPK/mTOR, Oxidative Stress and Glucose Metabolism. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16050753. [PMID: 37242536 DOI: 10.3390/ph16050753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurological illness characterized by memory loss and cognitive deterioration. Dapagliflozin was suggested to attenuate the memory impairment associated with AD; however, its mechanisms were not fully elucidated. This study aims to examine the possible mechanisms of the neuroprotective effects of dapagliflozin against aluminum chloride (AlCl3)-induced AD. Rats were distributed into four groups: group 1 received saline, group 2 received AlCl3 (70 mg/kg) daily for 9 weeks, and groups 3 and 4 were administered AlCl3 (70 mg/kg) daily for 5 weeks. Dapagliflozin (1 mg/kg) and dapagliflozin (5 mg/kg) were then given daily with AlCl3 for another 4 weeks. Two behavioral experiments were performed: the Morris Water Maze (MWM) and the Y-maze spontaneous alternation (Y-maze) task. Histopathological alterations in the brain, as well as changes in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and amyloid β (Aβ) peptide activities and oxidative stress (OS) markers, were all evaluated. A western blot analysis was used for the detection of phosphorylated 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), phosphorylated mammalian target of Rapamycin (p-mTOR) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Tissue samples were collected for the isolation of glucose transporters (GLUTs) and glycolytic enzymes using PCR analysis, and brain glucose levels were also measured. The current data demonstrate that dapagliflozin represents a possible approach to combat AlCl3-induced AD in rats through inhibiting oxidative stress, enhancing glucose metabolism and activating AMPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waad A Samman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Medina 30078, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salma M Selim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Dentistry, Sinai University, Kantara, Ismailia 41636, Egypt
| | - Hassan M El Fayoumi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Dentistry, Sinai University, Kantara, Ismailia 41636, Egypt
| | - Norhan M El-Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Eman T Mehanna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Reem M Hazem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
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14
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Qi C, Verheijen BM, Kokubo Y, Shi Y, Tetter S, Murzin AG, Nakahara A, Morimoto S, Vermulst M, Sasaki R, Aronica E, Hirokawa Y, Oyanagi K, Kakita A, Ryskeldi-Falcon B, Yoshida M, Hasegawa M, Scheres SH, Goedert M. Tau Filaments from Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/Parkinsonism-Dementia Complex (ALS/PDC) adopt the CTE Fold. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.26.538417. [PMID: 37162924 PMCID: PMC10168338 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.26.538417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/parkinsonism-dementia complex (ALS/PDC) of the island of Guam and the Kii peninsula of Japan is a fatal neurodegenerative disease of unknown cause that is characterised by the presence of abundant filamentous tau inclusions in brains and spinal cords. Here we used electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM) to determine the structures of tau filaments from the cerebral cortex of three cases of ALS/PDC from Guam and eight cases from Kii, as well as from the spinal cord of two of the Guam cases. Tau filaments had the chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) fold, with variable amounts of Type I and Type II filaments. Paired helical tau filaments were also found in two Kii cases. We also identified a novel Type III CTE tau filament, where protofilaments pack against each other in an anti-parallel fashion. ALS/PDC is the third known tauopathy with CTE-type filaments and abundant tau inclusions in cortical layers II/III, the others being CTE and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. Because these tauopathies are believed to have environmental causes, our findings support the hypothesis that ALS/PDC is caused by exogenous factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Qi
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bert M. Verheijen
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Yasumasa Kokubo
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Yang Shi
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
- Current address: MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | | | - Asa Nakahara
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Satoru Morimoto
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Marc Vermulst
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Ryogen Sasaki
- Department of Nursing, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Japan
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yoshifumi Hirokawa
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Kiyomitsu Oyanagi
- Department of Brain Disease Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Kakita
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | | | - Mari Yoshida
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Masato Hasegawa
- Department of Brain and Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Riku Y, Yoshida M, Iwasaki Y, Sobue G, Katsuno M, Ishigaki S. TDP-43 Proteinopathy and Tauopathy: Do They Have Pathomechanistic Links? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415755. [PMID: 36555399 PMCID: PMC9779029 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transactivation response DNA binding protein 43 kDa (TDP-43) and tau are major pathological proteins of neurodegenerative disorders, of which neuronal and glial aggregates are pathological hallmarks. Interestingly, accumulating evidence from neuropathological studies has shown that comorbid TDP-43 pathology is observed in a subset of patients with tauopathies, and vice versa. The concomitant pathology often spreads in a disease-specific manner and has morphological characteristics in each primary disorder. The findings from translational studies have suggested that comorbid TDP-43 or tau pathology has clinical impacts and that the comorbid pathology is not a bystander, but a part of the disease process. Shared genetic risk factors or molecular abnormalities between TDP-43 proteinopathies and tauopathies, and direct interactions between TDP-43 and tau aggregates, have been reported. Further investigations to clarify the pathogenetic factors that are shared by a broad spectrum of neurodegenerative disorders will establish key therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Riku
- Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 744-8550, Japan
- Correspondence: or
| | - Mari Yoshida
- Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan
| | - Yasushi Iwasaki
- Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan
| | - Gen Sobue
- Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan
| | - Masahisa Katsuno
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 744-8550, Japan
- Department of Clinical Research Education, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 744-8550, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Ishigaki
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu 520-2192, Japan
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16
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Yoshida M, Akagi A, Miyahara H, Riku Y, Ando T, Ikeda T, Yabata H, Moriyoshi H, Koizumi R, Iwasaki Y. Macroscopic diagnostic clue for parkinsonism. Neuropathology 2022; 42:394-419. [PMID: 35996308 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The neuropathological background of parkinsonism includes various neurodegenerative disorders, including Lewy body disease (LBD), multiple system atrophy (MSA), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and corticobasal degeneration (CBD). The pathological diagnostic procedure begins by assessing the macroscopic findings to evaluate the degenerative lesions in brains with the naked eye. Usually, degenerative lesions show variable atrophy and brownish discoloration in accordance with disease-specific profiles. These macroscopic appearances support neuropathologists in identifying the relevant regions for microscopic examination. The neuropathological diagnosis of parkinsonism is based on regional distribution and fundamental proteinopathies in neurons and glia cells. LBD and MSA are synucleinopathies, and PSP and CBD are tauopathies. Among them, glial-predominant proteinopathy (MSA, PSP, and CBD) may play a significant role in volume reduction. Therefore, macroscopic inspection provides the appropriate direction for assessment. The disease duration, the severity of lesions, and mixed pathologies make the validation of macroscopic observations more complicated. In this review, we outline the macroscopic diagnostic clues in LBD, MSA, PSP, and CBD that could help with pathological refinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Yoshida
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Akio Akagi
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Miyahara
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Yuichi Riku
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Ando
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Ikeda
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan.,Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yabata
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Ohtsu
| | - Hideyuki Moriyoshi
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Koizumi
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan.,Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasushi Iwasaki
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
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17
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Kovacs GG, Ghetti B, Goedert M. Classification of Diseases with Accumulation of Tau Protein. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2022; 48:e12792. [PMID: 35064600 PMCID: PMC9352145 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabor G Kovacs
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Laboratory Medicine Program & Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bernardino Ghetti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana, USA
| | - Michel Goedert
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, UK
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18
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Parkin beyond Parkinson’s Disease—A Functional Meaning of Parkin Downregulation in TDP-43 Proteinopathies. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123389. [PMID: 34943897 PMCID: PMC8699658 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkin and PINK1 are key regulators of mitophagy, an autophagic pathway for selective elimination of dysfunctional mitochondria. To this date, parkin depletion has been associated with recessive early onset Parkinson’s disease (PD) caused by loss-of-function mutations in the PARK2 gene, while, in sporadic PD, the activity and abundance of this protein can be compromised by stress-related modifications. Intriguingly, research in recent years has shown that parkin depletion is not limited to PD but is also observed in other neurodegenerative diseases—especially those characterized by TDP-43 proteinopathies, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). Here, we discuss the evidence of parkin downregulation in these disease phenotypes, its emerging connections with TDP-43, and its possible functional implications.
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19
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Spencer PS. Parkinsonism and motor neuron disorders: Lessons from Western Pacific ALS/PDC. J Neurol Sci 2021; 433:120021. [PMID: 34635325 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2021.120021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Recognized worldwide as an unusual "overlap" syndrome, Parkinsonism and motor neuron disease, with or without dementia, is best exemplified by the former high-incidence clusters of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Parkinsonism-Dementia Complex (ALS/PDC) in Guam, USA, in the Kii Peninsula of Honshu Island, Japan, and in Papua, Indonesia, on the western side of New Guinea. Western Pacific ALS/PDC is a disappearing neurodegenerative disorder with multiple and sometime overlapping phenotypes (ALS, atypical parkinsonism, dementia) that appear to constitute a single disease of environmental origin, in particular from exposure to genotoxins/neurotoxins in seed of cycad plants (Cycas spp.) formerly used as a traditional source of food (Guam) and/or medicine (Guam, Kii-Japan, Papua-Indonesia). Seed compounds include the principal cycad toxin cycasin, its active metabolite methylazoxymethanol (MAM) and a non-protein amino acid β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (L-BMAA); each reproduces components of ALS/PDC neuropathology when individually administered to laboratory species in single doses perinatally (MAM, L-BMAA) or repeatedly for prolonged periods to young adult animals (L-BMAA). Human exposure to MAM, a potent DNA-alkylating mutagen, also has potential relevance to the high incidence of diverse mutations found among Guamanians with/without ALS/PDC. In sum, seven decades of intensive study of ALS/PDC has revealed field and laboratory approaches leading to discovery of disease etiology that are now being applied to sporadic neurodegenerative disorders such as ALS beyond the Western Pacific region. This article is part of the Special Issue "Parkinsonism across the spectrum of movement disorders and beyond" edited by Joseph Jankovic, Daniel D. Truong and Matteo Bologna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S Spencer
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.
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20
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Giménez-Roldán S, Steele JC, Palmer VS, Spencer PS. Lytico-bodig in Guam: Historical links between diet and illness during and after Spanish colonization. JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF THE NEUROSCIENCES 2021; 30:335-374. [PMID: 34197260 DOI: 10.1080/0964704x.2021.1885946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This paper analyses documents on health and disease among Chamorro people during and after 333 years (1565-1898) of the Spanish claim to and occupation of Guam. Here, a complex neurodegenerative disease-known locally as lytico-bodig and medically as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinsonism-dementia complex (ALS/PDC)-reached hyperendemic proportions in the mid-twentieth century but then declined and is now disappearing. A tau-dominated polyproteinopathy, clinical phenotypes included amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS or lytico), atypical parkinsonism with dementia (P-D or bodig), and dementia alone. A plausible etiology for lytico-bodig is consumption of flour derived from the incompletely detoxified seed of Cycas micronesica (fadang in Chamorro; Federico in Spanish), a poisonous gymnosperm that survives climatic extremes that can affect the island. Traditional methods for safe consumption appear to have been lost over the course of time since governors Francisco de Villalobos (1796-1862) and Felipe de la Corte (1855-1866) proposed banning consumption in view of its acute toxic effects. A death certificate issued in 1823 might suggest ALS/PDC in people dying with disability or impedidos, and premature aging and a short life was linked to food use of fadang in the mid-1850s (Guam Vital Statistics Report, 1823). During the Japanese occupation of Guam (1941-1944), Chamorro people took refuge in the jungle for months, where they relied on insufficiently processed fadang as a staple food. After World War II, traditional foods and medicines were subsequently replaced as islanders rapidly acculturated to North American life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John C Steele
- Resident Neurologist, Micronesia and Guam (1972-2014)
| | - Valerie S Palmer
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Peter S Spencer
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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21
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Couratier P, Lautrette G, Luna JA, Corcia P. Phenotypic variability in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2021; 177:536-543. [PMID: 33902945 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Clinically, ALS phenotypes depend on the areas of the body that are affected, the different degrees of involvement of upper and lower motor neurons, the degrees of involvement of other systems, particularly cognition and behavior, and rates of progression. Phenotypic variability of ALS is characteristic and can be declined on the distribution of motor manifestations but also on the presence of extra-motor signs present in a variable manner in ALS patients. Neuropathologically, ALS is defined by the loss of UMN and LMN and the presence of two representative motor neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions, Bunina bodies and 43kDa Transactivation Response DNA Binding Protein (TDP-43) - positive cytoplasmic inclusions. The distribution of cytopathology and neuronal loss in patients is variable and this variability is directly related to phenotypic variability. Key regulators of phenotypic variability in ALS have not been determined. The functional decrement of TDP-43, and region-specific neuronal susceptibility to ALS, may be involved. Due to the selective vulnerability among different neuronal systems, lesions are multicentric, region-oriented, and progress at different rates. They may vary from patient to patient, which may be linked to the clinicopathological variability across patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Couratier
- Service de neurologie, centre de référence maladies rares SLA et autres maladies du neurone moteur, CHU de Limoges, Limoges, France; Inserm, IRD, U1094 Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, GEIST, université de Limoges, CHU de Limoges, Limoges, France; Fédération des Centres SLA de Limoges et Tours, Litorals, Limoges, France.
| | - G Lautrette
- Service de neurologie, centre de référence maladies rares SLA et autres maladies du neurone moteur, CHU de Limoges, Limoges, France; Fédération des Centres SLA de Limoges et Tours, Litorals, Limoges, France
| | - J A Luna
- Inserm, IRD, U1094 Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, GEIST, université de Limoges, CHU de Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - P Corcia
- Fédération des Centres SLA de Limoges et Tours, Litorals, Limoges, France; Centre de référence maladies rares SLA et autres maladies du neurone moteur, CHU Bretonneau, Tours, France
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22
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Pathway from TDP-43-Related Pathology to Neuronal Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083843. [PMID: 33917673 PMCID: PMC8068029 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Transactivation response DNA binding protein 43 kDa (TDP-43) is known to be a pathologic protein in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). TDP-43 is normally a nuclear protein, but affected neurons of ALS or FTLD patients exhibit mislocalization of nuclear TDP-43 and cytoplasmic inclusions. Basic studies have suggested gain-of-neurotoxicity of aggregated TDP-43 or loss-of-function of intrinsic, nuclear TDP-43. It has also been hypothesized that the aggregated TDP-43 functions as a propagation seed of TDP-43 pathology. However, a mechanistic discrepancy between the TDP-43 pathology and neuronal dysfunctions remains. This article aims to review the observations of TDP-43 pathology in autopsied ALS and FTLD patients and address pathways of neuronal dysfunction related to the neuropathological findings, focusing on impaired clearance of TDP-43 and synaptic alterations in TDP-43-related ALS and FTLD. The former may be relevant to intraneuronal aggregation of TDP-43 and exocytosis of propagation seeds, whereas the latter may be related to neuronal dysfunction induced by TDP-43 pathology. Successful strategies of disease-modifying therapy might arise from further investigation of these subcellular alterations.
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23
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Verheijen BM, Morimoto S, Sasaki R, Oyanagi K, Kokubo Y, Kuzuhara S, van Leeuwen FW. Expression of Mutant Ubiquitin and Proteostasis Impairment in Kii Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/Parkinsonism-Dementia Complex Brains. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2021; 79:902-907. [PMID: 32647880 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlaa056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Kii amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/parkinsonism-dementia complex (ALS/PDC) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is endemic to the Kii peninsula of Japan. The disorder is clinically characterized by a variable combination of parkinsonism, dementia, and motor neuron symptoms. Despite extensive investigations, the etiology and pathogenesis of ALS/PDC remain unclear. At the neuropathological level, Kii ALS/PDC is characterized by neuronal loss and tau-dominant polyproteinopathy. Here, we report the accumulation of several proteins involved in protein homeostasis pathways, that is, the ubiquitin-proteasome system and the autophagy-lysosome pathway, in postmortem brain tissue from a number of Kii ALS/PDC cases (n = 4). Of particular interest is the presence of a mutant ubiquitin protein (UBB+1), which is indicative of disrupted ubiquitin homeostasis. The findings suggest that abnormal protein aggregation is linked to impaired protein homeostasis pathways in Kii ALS/PDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert M Verheijen
- From the Departments of Translational Neuroscience and Neurology, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Satoru Morimoto
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Mie University, Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Ryogen Sasaki
- Department of Neurology, Kuwana City Medical Center, Mie
| | - Kiyomitsu Oyanagi
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Brain Disease Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano
| | - Yasumasa Kokubo
- Kii ALS/PDC Research Center, Mie University Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies
| | - Shigeki Kuzuhara
- Neurology and Medicine, School of Nursing, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Mie, Japan
| | - Fred W van Leeuwen
- Department of Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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24
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Klotz S, Fischer P, Hinterberger M, Ricken G, Hönigschnabl S, Gelpi E, Kovacs GG. Multiple system aging-related tau astrogliopathy with complex proteinopathy in an oligosymptomatic octogenarian. Neuropathology 2020; 41:72-83. [PMID: 33263220 PMCID: PMC7984345 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The combination of multiple neurodegenerative proteinopathies is increasingly recognized. Together they can potentiate neuronal dysfunction and contribute to complex neurological symptoms. We report an octogenarian female case of multiple extraneural metastases of a rectal carcinoma. She attempted suicide, which ultimately led to cardiorespiratory failure nine days after hospital admission. Apart from the suicide attempt and late-onset depression, other psychiatric or neurological symptoms were not reported. Unexpectedly, histopathologic examination revealed prominent aging-related tau astrogliopathy (ARTAG) of all five types (subpial, subependymal, grey and white matter, and perivascular) affecting cortical and subcortical brain regions. This pathology was associated with intermediate Alzheimer's disease neuropathologic change (A2B2C2 score), cerebral amyloid angiopathy, Lewy body-type α-synuclein proteinopathy (Braak stage 4), and a multiple system transactivation response DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) proteinopathy also involving the astroglia. In summary, we report a complex and extensive combination of multiple proteinopathies with widespread ARTAG of all five types in a patient who had attempted suicide. Although longitudinal psychometric tests and neuropsychological evaluations were not performed, this report poses the question of thresholds of cognition and pathology load, describes ARTAG affecting unusually widespread brain regions, and supports the notion that complex proteinopathies should be regarded as a frequent condition in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid Klotz
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Fischer
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Research Society Vienna D.C., Danube Hospital Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Margareta Hinterberger
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Research Society Vienna D.C., Danube Hospital Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerda Ricken
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Ellen Gelpi
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabor G Kovacs
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Laboratory Medicine Program & Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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25
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de Boer EMJ, Orie VK, Williams T, Baker MR, De Oliveira HM, Polvikoski T, Silsby M, Menon P, van den Bos M, Halliday GM, van den Berg LH, Van Den Bosch L, van Damme P, Kiernan MC, van Es MA, Vucic S. TDP-43 proteinopathies: a new wave of neurodegenerative diseases. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2020; 92:jnnp-2020-322983. [PMID: 33177049 PMCID: PMC7803890 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2020-322983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Inclusions of pathogenic deposits containing TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) are evident in the brain and spinal cord of patients that present across a spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases. For instance, the majority of patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (up to 97%) and a substantial proportion of patients with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (~45%) exhibit TDP-43 positive neuronal inclusions, suggesting a role for this protein in disease pathogenesis. In addition, TDP-43 inclusions are evident in familial ALS phenotypes linked to multiple gene mutations including the TDP-43 gene coding (TARDBP) and unrelated genes (eg, C9orf72). While TDP-43 is an essential RNA/DNA binding protein critical for RNA-related metabolism, determining the pathophysiological mechanisms through which TDP-43 mediates neurodegeneration appears complex, and unravelling these molecular processes seems critical for the development of effective therapies. This review highlights the key physiological functions of the TDP-43 protein, while considering an expanding spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases associated with pathogenic TDP-43 deposition, and dissecting key molecular pathways through which TDP-43 may mediate neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Maria Johanna de Boer
- Department of Neurology, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, Universitair Medisch Centrum Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Viyanti K Orie
- Department of Neurology, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, Universitair Medisch Centrum Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Timothy Williams
- Department of Neurology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Mark R Baker
- Department of Neurology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Hugo M De Oliveira
- Department of Neurology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Tuomo Polvikoski
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Department of Neuropathology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Matthew Silsby
- Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Parvathi Menon
- Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mehdi van den Bos
- Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Glenda M Halliday
- Brain and Mind Center, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Leonard H van den Berg
- Department of Neurology, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, Universitair Medisch Centrum Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ludo Van Den Bosch
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philip van Damme
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matthew C Kiernan
- Brain and Mind Center, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael A van Es
- Department of Neurology, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, Universitair Medisch Centrum Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Steve Vucic
- Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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26
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Ganguly J, Jog M. Tauopathy and Movement Disorders-Unveiling the Chameleons and Mimics. Front Neurol 2020; 11:599384. [PMID: 33250855 PMCID: PMC7674803 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.599384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The spectrum of tauopathy encompasses heterogenous group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by neural or glial deposition of pathological protein tau. Clinically they can present as cognitive syndromes, movement disorders, motor neuron disease, or mixed. The heterogeneity in clinical presentation, genetic background, and underlying pathology make it difficult to classify and clinically approach tauopathy. In the literature, tauopathies are thus mostly highlighted from pathological perspective. From clinical standpoint, cognitive syndromes are often been focussed while reviewing tauopathies. However, the spectrum of tauopathy has also evolved significantly in the domain of movement disorders and has transgressed beyond the domain of primary tauopathies. Secondary tauopathies from neuroinflammation or autoimmune insults and some other "novel" tauopathies are increasingly being reported in the current literature, while some of them are geographically isolated. Because of the overlapping clinical phenotypes, it often becomes difficult for the clinician to diagnose them clinically and have to wait for the pathological confirmation by autopsy. However, each of these tauopathies has some clinical and radiological signatures those can help in clinical diagnosis and targeted genetic testing. In this review, we have exposed the heterogeneity of tauopathy from a movement disorder perspective and have provided a clinical approach to diagnose them ante mortem before confirmatory autopsy. Additionally, phenotypic variability of these disorders (chameleons) and the look-alikes (mimics) have been discussed with potential clinical pointers for each of them. The review provides a framework within which new and as yet undiscovered entities can be classified in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mandar Jog
- Movement Disorder Centre, London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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27
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Western Pacific ALS-PDC: Evidence implicating cycad genotoxins. J Neurol Sci 2020; 419:117185. [PMID: 33190068 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Parkinsonism-Dementia Complex (ALS-PDC) is a disappearing neurodegenerative disorder of apparent environmental origin formerly hyperendemic among Chamorros of Guam-USA, Japanese residents of the Kii Peninsula, Honshu Island, Japan and Auyu-Jakai linguistic groups of Papua-Indonesia on the island of New Guinea. The most plausible etiology is exposure to genotoxins in seed of neurotoxic cycad plants formerly used for food and/or medicine. Primary suspicion falls on methylazoxymethanol (MAM), the aglycone of cycasin and on the non-protein amino acid β-N-methylamino-L-alanine, both of which are metabolized to formaldehyde. Human and animal studies suggest: (a) exposures occurred early in life and sometimes during late fetal brain development, (b) clinical expression of neurodegenerative disease appeared years or decades later, and (c) pathological changes in various tissues indicate the disease was not confined to the CNS. Experimental evidence points to toxic molecular mechanisms involving DNA damage, epigenetic changes, transcriptional mutagenesis, neuronal cell-cycle reactivation and perturbation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system that led to polyproteinopathy and culminated in neuronal degeneration. Lessons learned from research on ALS-PDC include: (a) familial disease may reflect common toxic exposures across generations, (b) primary disease prevention follows cessation of exposure to culpable environmental triggers; and (c) disease latency provides a prolonged period during which to intervene therapeutically. Exposure to genotoxic chemicals ("slow toxins") in the early stages of life should be considered in the search for the etiology of ALS-PDC-related neurodegenerative disorders, including sporadic forms of ALS, progressive supranuclear palsy and Alzheimer's disease.
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28
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Pizzamiglio L, Focchi E, Antonucci F. ATM Protein Kinase: Old and New Implications in Neuronal Pathways and Brain Circuitry. Cells 2020; 9:E1969. [PMID: 32858941 PMCID: PMC7564642 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite that the human autosomal recessive disease ataxia telangiectasia (A-T) is a rare pathology, interest in the function of ataxia-telangiectasia mutated protein (ATM) is extensive. From a clinical point of view, the role of ATM in the central nervous system (CNS) is the most impacting, as motor disability is the predominant symptom affecting A-T patients. Coherently, spino-cerebellar neurodegeneration is the principal hallmark of A-T and other CNS regions such as dentate and olivary nuclei and brain stem are implicated in A-T pathophysiology. Recently, several preclinical studies also highlighted the involvement of ATM in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, thus extending A-T symptomatology to new brain areas and pathways. Here, we review old and recent evidence that largely demonstrates not only the historical ATM account in DNA damage response and cell cycle regulation, but the multiple pathways through which ATM controls oxidative stress homeostasis, insulin signalling pathways, epigenetic regulation, synaptic transmission, and excitatory-inhibitory balance. We also summarise recent evidence on ATM implication in neurological and cognitive diseases beyond A-T, bringing out ATM as new pathological substrate and potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Pizzamiglio
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology (IPMC), Université Côte d’Azur (UCA), CNRS UMR7275, 06560 Valbonne-Sophia Antipolis, France;
| | - Elisa Focchi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy;
| | - Flavia Antonucci
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy;
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29
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Hasegawa M. Experimental models of prion‐like protein propagation. Neuropathology 2020; 40:460-466. [DOI: 10.1111/neup.12656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masato Hasegawa
- Department of Dementia and Higher Brain Function Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science Tokyo Japan
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30
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Brain Transcriptome Analysis Links Deficiencies of Stress-Responsive Proteins to the Pathomechanism of Kii ALS/PDC. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9050423. [PMID: 32422904 PMCID: PMC7278732 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9050423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinsonism-dementia complex (ALS/PDC) is a unique endemic neurodegenerative disease, with high-incidence foci in Kii Peninsula, Japan. To gather new insights into the pathological mechanisms underlying Kii ALS/PDC, we performed transcriptome analyses of patient brains. We prepared frozen brains from three individuals without neurodegenerative diseases, three patients with Alzheimer's disease, and 21 patients with Kii ALS/PDC, and then acquired microarray data from cerebral gray and white matter tissues. Microarray results revealed that expression levels of genes associated with heat shock proteins, DNA binding/damage, and senescence were significantly altered in patients with ALS/PDC compared with healthy individuals. The RNA expression pattern observed for ALS-type brains was similar to that of PDC-type brains. Additionally, pathway and network analyses indicated that the molecular mechanism underlying ALS/PDC may be associated with oxidative phosphorylation of mitochondria, ribosomes, and the synaptic vesicle cycle; in particular, upstream regulators of these mechanisms may be found in synapses and during synaptic trafficking. Furthermore, phenotypic differences between ALS-type and PDC-type were observed, based on HLA haplotypes. In conclusion, determining the relationship between stress-responsive proteins, synaptic dysfunction, and the pathogenesis of ALS/PDC in the Kii peninsula may provide new understanding of this mysterious disease.
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31
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Takeda T, Kitagawa K, Arai K. Phenotypic variability and its pathological basis in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neuropathology 2019; 40:40-56. [PMID: 31802540 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by its inherent clinicopathological variability. The concurrence of upper and lower motor neuron signs is a common feature in the majority of patients with ALS. However, some patients manifest an atypical clinical course, with only upper or lower motor neuron signs, or various extra-motor symptoms including cognitive dysfunction, parkinsonism, autonomic dysfunction, or ophthalmoparesis. This variability indicates different manifestations of ALS and is reflected by ALS pathology spreading into the central nervous system. The presence of cytoplasmic inclusions positive for transactivation response DNA-binding protein 43 kDa (TDP-43) is a key feature in ALS. Loss of TDP-43 from the nucleus and its subsequent aggregation in the cytoplasm may occur in susceptible regions and may be associated with neuronal loss. However, in some regions, there is no apparent neuronal loss while TDP-43 accumulation is evident; in contrast, in other regions, neuronal loss is apparent without any evidence of TDP-43 accumulation. Therefore, in addition to TDP-43 dysfunction, underlying region-specific cellular vulnerability may exist in the upper and lower motor neurons and frontotemporal system in patients with ALS. The microscopic discrepancy and selective vulnerability may be linked to the macroscopic propensities of the sites of onset, and may also determine the direction and rate of progression of the lesions. Thus, there may be multicentric sites of onset, region-oriented disease development, and different speeds of disease progression across patients with ALS. ALS lesions occur in motor-related areas but may spread to neighboring areas. However, since lesions may spread in a discontinuous manner, and the dynamics of disease propagation have not been able to be identified, it remains controversial whether the stepwise appearance of TDP-43-positive inclusions is based on direct cell-to-cell protein propagation. Further understanding of the phenotypic variability of ALS and its pathological basis may serve as a guide for investigating the underlying pathogenesis of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Takeda
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Chibahigashi National Hospital, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kitagawa
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kimihito Arai
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Chibahigashi National Hospital, Chiba, Japan
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32
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Spencer P, Lagrange E, Camu W. ALS and environment: Clues from spatial clustering? Rev Neurol (Paris) 2019; 175:652-663. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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33
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Spencer PS. Hypothesis: Etiologic and Molecular Mechanistic Leads for Sporadic Neurodegenerative Diseases Based on Experience With Western Pacific ALS/PDC. Front Neurol 2019; 10:754. [PMID: 31417480 PMCID: PMC6685391 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Seventy years of research on Western Pacific amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinsonism-dementia Complex (ALS/PDC) have provided invaluable data on the etiology, molecular pathogenesis and latency of this disappearing, largely environmental neurodegenerative disease. ALS/PDC is linked to genotoxic chemicals (notably methylazoxymethanol, MAM) derived from seed of the cycad plant (Cycas spp.) that were used as a traditional food and/or medicine in all three disease-affected Western Pacific populations. MAM, nitrosamines and hydrazines generate methyl free radicals that damage DNA (in the form of O6-methylguanine lesions) that can induce mutations in cycling cells and degenerative changes in post-mitotic cells, notably neurons. This paper explores exposures to naturally occurring and manmade sources of nitrosamines and hydrazines in association with sporadic forms of ALS (with or without frontotemporal degeneration), progressive supranuclear palsy, and Alzheimer disease. Research approaches are suggested to examine whether these associations might have etiological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S Spencer
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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34
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Fujita K, Matsubara T, Miyamoto R, Sumikura H, Takeuchi T, Maruyama Saladini K, Kawarai T, Nodera H, Udaka F, Kume K, Morino H, Kawakami H, Hasegawa M, Kaji R, Murayama S, Izumi Y. Co-morbidity of progressive supranuclear palsy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a clinical-pathological case report. BMC Neurol 2019; 19:168. [PMID: 31319800 PMCID: PMC6637486 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-019-1402-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coexistence of distinct neurodegenerative diseases in single cases has recently attracted greater attention. The phenotypic co-occurrence of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) has been documented in several cases. That said, the clinicopathological comorbidity of these two diseases has not been demonstrated. CASE PRESENTATION A 77-year-old man presented with gait disturbance for 2 years, consistent with PSP with progressive gait freezing. At 79 years old, he developed muscle weakness compatible with ALS. The disease duration was 5 years after the onset of PSP and 5 months after the onset of ALS. Neuropathological findings demonstrated the coexistence of PSP and ALS. Immunohistochemical examination confirmed 4-repeat tauopathy, including globose-type neurofibrillary tangles, tufted astrocytes, and oligodendroglial coiled bodies as well as TAR DNA-binding protein 43 kDa pathology in association with upper and lower motor neuron degeneration. Immunoblotting showed hyperphosphorylated full-length 4-repeat tau bands (64 and 68 kDa) and C-terminal fragments (33 kDa), supporting the diagnosis of PSP and excluding other parkinsonian disorders, such as corticobasal degeneration. Genetic studies showed no abnormalities in genes currently known to be related to ALS or PSP. CONCLUSIONS Our case demonstrates the clinicopathological comorbidity of PSP and ALS in a sporadic patient. The possibility of multiple proteinopathies should be considered when distinct symptoms develop during the disease course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Fujita
- Department of Neurology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Matsubara
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology (the Brain Bank for Aging Research), Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital & Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Miyamoto
- Department of Neurology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sumikura
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology (the Brain Bank for Aging Research), Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital & Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Takeuchi
- Department of Neurology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Keiko Maruyama Saladini
- Department of Neurology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.,Pressent address: PVO Japan, Patient Safety Japan, Regulatory Office Japan, Novartis Pharma K.K., 1-23-1 Toranomon, Minayo-ku, Tokyo, 105-6333, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Kawarai
- Department of Neurology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nodera
- Department of Neurology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Fukashi Udaka
- Department of Neurology, Sumitomo Hospital, 5-3-20 Nakanoshima, Kita-ku, Osaka, 530-0005, Japan
| | - Kodai Kume
- Department of Epidemiology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Horoshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Morino
- Department of Epidemiology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Horoshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Hideshi Kawakami
- Department of Epidemiology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Horoshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Masato Hasegawa
- Department of Dementia and Higher Brain Function, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Ryuji Kaji
- Department of Neurology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Shigeo Murayama
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology (the Brain Bank for Aging Research), Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital & Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Yuishin Izumi
- Department of Neurology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
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Jellinger KA. Neuropathology and pathogenesis of extrapyramidal movement disorders: a critical update-I. Hypokinetic-rigid movement disorders. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2019; 126:933-995. [PMID: 31214855 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-019-02028-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Extrapyramidal movement disorders include hypokinetic rigid and hyperkinetic or mixed forms, most of them originating from dysfunction of the basal ganglia (BG) and their information circuits. The functional anatomy of the BG, the cortico-BG-thalamocortical, and BG-cerebellar circuit connections are briefly reviewed. Pathophysiologic classification of extrapyramidal movement disorder mechanisms distinguish (1) parkinsonian syndromes, (2) chorea and related syndromes, (3) dystonias, (4) myoclonic syndromes, (5) ballism, (6) tics, and (7) tremor syndromes. Recent genetic and molecular-biologic classifications distinguish (1) synucleinopathies (Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, Parkinson's disease-dementia, and multiple system atrophy); (2) tauopathies (progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, FTLD-17; Guamian Parkinson-dementia; Pick's disease, and others); (3) polyglutamine disorders (Huntington's disease and related disorders); (4) pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration; (5) Wilson's disease; and (6) other hereditary neurodegenerations without hitherto detected genetic or specific markers. The diversity of phenotypes is related to the deposition of pathologic proteins in distinct cell populations, causing neurodegeneration due to genetic and environmental factors, but there is frequent overlap between various disorders. Their etiopathogenesis is still poorly understood, but is suggested to result from an interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Multiple etiologies and noxious factors (protein mishandling, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, energy failure, and chronic neuroinflammation) are more likely than a single factor. Current clinical consensus criteria have increased the diagnostic accuracy of most neurodegenerative movement disorders, but for their definite diagnosis, histopathological confirmation is required. We present a timely overview of the neuropathology and pathogenesis of the major extrapyramidal movement disorders in two parts, the first one dedicated to hypokinetic-rigid forms and the second to hyperkinetic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt A Jellinger
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, Alberichgasse 5/13, 1150, Vienna, Austria.
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Spencer PS, Kisby G. Chemicals, somatic mutations and neurodegeneration: evidence from Western Pacific amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-parkinsonism-dementia complex (ALS-PDC): Commentary on: Leija-Salazar M, Piette C, Proukakis C. Review: Somatic mutations in neurodegeneration. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2018; 44: 267-85. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2019; 45:525-527. [PMID: 30556248 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P S Spencer
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - G Kisby
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific Northwest (COMP-N), Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, OR, USA
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Cyanobacterial Neurotoxin Beta-Methyl-Amino-l-Alanine Affects Dopaminergic Neurons in Optic Ganglia and Brain of Daphnia magna. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10120527. [PMID: 30544796 PMCID: PMC6315693 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10120527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-proteinogenic amino acid beta-methyl-amino-l-alanine (BMAA) is a neurotoxin produced by cyanobacteria. BMAA accumulation in the brain of animals via biomagnification along the food web can contribute to the development of neurodegenerative diseases such as Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/Parkinsonism dementia complex (ALS/PDC), the latter being associated with a loss of dopaminergic neurons. Daphnia magna is an important microcrustacean zooplankton species that plays a key role in aquatic food webs, and BMAA-producing cyanobacteria often form part of their diet. Here, we tested the effects of BMAA on putative neurodegeneration of newly identified specific dopaminergic neurons in the optic ganglia/brain complex of D. magna using quantitative tyrosine-hydroxylase immunohistochemistry and fluorescence cytometry. The dopaminergic system was analysed in fed and starved isogenic D. magna adults incubated under different BMAA concentrations over 4 days. Increased BMAA concentration showed significant decrease in the stainability of dopaminergic neurons of D. magna, with fed animals showing a more extreme loss. Furthermore, higher BMAA concentrations tended to increase offspring mortality during incubation. These results are indicative of ingested BMAA causing neurodegeneration of dopaminergic neurons in D. magna and adversely affecting reproduction. This may imply similar effects of BMAA on known human neurodegenerative diseases involving dopaminergic neurons.
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Shinotoh H, Shimada H, Kokubo Y, Tagai K, Niwa F, Kitamura S, Endo H, Ono M, Kimura Y, Hirano S, Mimuro M, Ichise M, Sahara N, Zhang MR, Suhara T, Higuchi M. Tau imaging detects distinctive distribution of tau pathology in ALS/PDC on the Kii Peninsula. Neurology 2018; 92:e136-e147. [PMID: 30530797 PMCID: PMC6340344 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000006736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To characterize the distribution of tau pathology in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/parkinsonism dementia complex on the Kii Peninsula (Kii ALS/PDC) by tau PET using [11C]PBB3 as ligand. Methods This is a cross-sectional study of 5 patients with ALS/PDC and one asymptomatic participant with a dense family history of ALS/PDC from the Kii Peninsula who took part in this study. All were men, and their age was 76 ± 8 (mean ± SD) years. Thirteen healthy men (69 ± 6 years) participated as healthy controls (HCs). Dynamic PET scans were performed following injection of [11C]PBB3, and parametric PET images were generated by voxel-by-voxel calculation of binding potential (BP*ND) using a multilinear reference tissue model. [11C] Pittsburgh compound B (PiB) PET, MRI, and cognitive tests were also performed. Results A voxel-based comparison of [11C]PBB3 BP*ND illustrated PET-detectable tau deposition in the cerebral cortex and white matter, and pontine basis including the corticospinal tract in Kii ALS/PDC patients compared with HCs (uncorrected p < 0.05). Group-wise volume of interest analysis of [11C]PBB3 BP*ND images showed increased BP*ND in the hippocampus and in frontal and parietal white matters of Kii ALS/PDC patients relative to HCs (p < 0.05, Holm-Sidak multiple comparisons test). BP*ND in frontal, temporal, and parietal gray matters correlated with Mini-Mental State Examination scores in Kii ALS/PDC patients (p < 0.05). All Kii ALS/PDC patients were negative for [11C]PiB (β-amyloid) except one with marginal positivity. Conclusion [11C]PBB3 PET visualized the characteristic topography of tau pathology in Kii ALS/PDC, corresponding to clinical phenotypes of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Shinotoh
- From the Departments of Functional Brain Imaging Research (H. Shinotoh, H. Shimada, K.T., S.K., M.O., Y. Kimura, S.H., M.I., N.S., T.S., M.H.) and Radiopharmaceuticals Development (M.-R.Z.), National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba; Neurology Clinic Chiba (H. Shinotoh); Kii ALS/PDC Research Center (Y. Kokubo), Mie University; Department of Neurology and Gerontology (F.N.), Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; Department of Psychiatry (S.K.), Nara Medical University; Division of Neurology (H.E.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo; Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, Department of Neurology (Y. Kimura), National Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi; Department of Neurology (S.H.), Chiba University; and Department of Neuropathology (M.M.), Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Japan.
| | - Hitoshi Shimada
- From the Departments of Functional Brain Imaging Research (H. Shinotoh, H. Shimada, K.T., S.K., M.O., Y. Kimura, S.H., M.I., N.S., T.S., M.H.) and Radiopharmaceuticals Development (M.-R.Z.), National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba; Neurology Clinic Chiba (H. Shinotoh); Kii ALS/PDC Research Center (Y. Kokubo), Mie University; Department of Neurology and Gerontology (F.N.), Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; Department of Psychiatry (S.K.), Nara Medical University; Division of Neurology (H.E.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo; Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, Department of Neurology (Y. Kimura), National Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi; Department of Neurology (S.H.), Chiba University; and Department of Neuropathology (M.M.), Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Kokubo
- From the Departments of Functional Brain Imaging Research (H. Shinotoh, H. Shimada, K.T., S.K., M.O., Y. Kimura, S.H., M.I., N.S., T.S., M.H.) and Radiopharmaceuticals Development (M.-R.Z.), National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba; Neurology Clinic Chiba (H. Shinotoh); Kii ALS/PDC Research Center (Y. Kokubo), Mie University; Department of Neurology and Gerontology (F.N.), Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; Department of Psychiatry (S.K.), Nara Medical University; Division of Neurology (H.E.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo; Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, Department of Neurology (Y. Kimura), National Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi; Department of Neurology (S.H.), Chiba University; and Department of Neuropathology (M.M.), Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Japan.
| | - Kenji Tagai
- From the Departments of Functional Brain Imaging Research (H. Shinotoh, H. Shimada, K.T., S.K., M.O., Y. Kimura, S.H., M.I., N.S., T.S., M.H.) and Radiopharmaceuticals Development (M.-R.Z.), National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba; Neurology Clinic Chiba (H. Shinotoh); Kii ALS/PDC Research Center (Y. Kokubo), Mie University; Department of Neurology and Gerontology (F.N.), Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; Department of Psychiatry (S.K.), Nara Medical University; Division of Neurology (H.E.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo; Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, Department of Neurology (Y. Kimura), National Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi; Department of Neurology (S.H.), Chiba University; and Department of Neuropathology (M.M.), Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Japan
| | - Fumitoshi Niwa
- From the Departments of Functional Brain Imaging Research (H. Shinotoh, H. Shimada, K.T., S.K., M.O., Y. Kimura, S.H., M.I., N.S., T.S., M.H.) and Radiopharmaceuticals Development (M.-R.Z.), National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba; Neurology Clinic Chiba (H. Shinotoh); Kii ALS/PDC Research Center (Y. Kokubo), Mie University; Department of Neurology and Gerontology (F.N.), Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; Department of Psychiatry (S.K.), Nara Medical University; Division of Neurology (H.E.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo; Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, Department of Neurology (Y. Kimura), National Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi; Department of Neurology (S.H.), Chiba University; and Department of Neuropathology (M.M.), Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Japan
| | - Soichiro Kitamura
- From the Departments of Functional Brain Imaging Research (H. Shinotoh, H. Shimada, K.T., S.K., M.O., Y. Kimura, S.H., M.I., N.S., T.S., M.H.) and Radiopharmaceuticals Development (M.-R.Z.), National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba; Neurology Clinic Chiba (H. Shinotoh); Kii ALS/PDC Research Center (Y. Kokubo), Mie University; Department of Neurology and Gerontology (F.N.), Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; Department of Psychiatry (S.K.), Nara Medical University; Division of Neurology (H.E.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo; Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, Department of Neurology (Y. Kimura), National Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi; Department of Neurology (S.H.), Chiba University; and Department of Neuropathology (M.M.), Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Japan
| | - Hironobu Endo
- From the Departments of Functional Brain Imaging Research (H. Shinotoh, H. Shimada, K.T., S.K., M.O., Y. Kimura, S.H., M.I., N.S., T.S., M.H.) and Radiopharmaceuticals Development (M.-R.Z.), National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba; Neurology Clinic Chiba (H. Shinotoh); Kii ALS/PDC Research Center (Y. Kokubo), Mie University; Department of Neurology and Gerontology (F.N.), Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; Department of Psychiatry (S.K.), Nara Medical University; Division of Neurology (H.E.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo; Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, Department of Neurology (Y. Kimura), National Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi; Department of Neurology (S.H.), Chiba University; and Department of Neuropathology (M.M.), Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Japan
| | - Maiko Ono
- From the Departments of Functional Brain Imaging Research (H. Shinotoh, H. Shimada, K.T., S.K., M.O., Y. Kimura, S.H., M.I., N.S., T.S., M.H.) and Radiopharmaceuticals Development (M.-R.Z.), National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba; Neurology Clinic Chiba (H. Shinotoh); Kii ALS/PDC Research Center (Y. Kokubo), Mie University; Department of Neurology and Gerontology (F.N.), Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; Department of Psychiatry (S.K.), Nara Medical University; Division of Neurology (H.E.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo; Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, Department of Neurology (Y. Kimura), National Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi; Department of Neurology (S.H.), Chiba University; and Department of Neuropathology (M.M.), Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Kimura
- From the Departments of Functional Brain Imaging Research (H. Shinotoh, H. Shimada, K.T., S.K., M.O., Y. Kimura, S.H., M.I., N.S., T.S., M.H.) and Radiopharmaceuticals Development (M.-R.Z.), National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba; Neurology Clinic Chiba (H. Shinotoh); Kii ALS/PDC Research Center (Y. Kokubo), Mie University; Department of Neurology and Gerontology (F.N.), Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; Department of Psychiatry (S.K.), Nara Medical University; Division of Neurology (H.E.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo; Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, Department of Neurology (Y. Kimura), National Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi; Department of Neurology (S.H.), Chiba University; and Department of Neuropathology (M.M.), Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Japan
| | - Shigeki Hirano
- From the Departments of Functional Brain Imaging Research (H. Shinotoh, H. Shimada, K.T., S.K., M.O., Y. Kimura, S.H., M.I., N.S., T.S., M.H.) and Radiopharmaceuticals Development (M.-R.Z.), National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba; Neurology Clinic Chiba (H. Shinotoh); Kii ALS/PDC Research Center (Y. Kokubo), Mie University; Department of Neurology and Gerontology (F.N.), Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; Department of Psychiatry (S.K.), Nara Medical University; Division of Neurology (H.E.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo; Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, Department of Neurology (Y. Kimura), National Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi; Department of Neurology (S.H.), Chiba University; and Department of Neuropathology (M.M.), Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Japan
| | - Maya Mimuro
- From the Departments of Functional Brain Imaging Research (H. Shinotoh, H. Shimada, K.T., S.K., M.O., Y. Kimura, S.H., M.I., N.S., T.S., M.H.) and Radiopharmaceuticals Development (M.-R.Z.), National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba; Neurology Clinic Chiba (H. Shinotoh); Kii ALS/PDC Research Center (Y. Kokubo), Mie University; Department of Neurology and Gerontology (F.N.), Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; Department of Psychiatry (S.K.), Nara Medical University; Division of Neurology (H.E.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo; Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, Department of Neurology (Y. Kimura), National Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi; Department of Neurology (S.H.), Chiba University; and Department of Neuropathology (M.M.), Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Japan
| | - Masanori Ichise
- From the Departments of Functional Brain Imaging Research (H. Shinotoh, H. Shimada, K.T., S.K., M.O., Y. Kimura, S.H., M.I., N.S., T.S., M.H.) and Radiopharmaceuticals Development (M.-R.Z.), National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba; Neurology Clinic Chiba (H. Shinotoh); Kii ALS/PDC Research Center (Y. Kokubo), Mie University; Department of Neurology and Gerontology (F.N.), Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; Department of Psychiatry (S.K.), Nara Medical University; Division of Neurology (H.E.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo; Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, Department of Neurology (Y. Kimura), National Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi; Department of Neurology (S.H.), Chiba University; and Department of Neuropathology (M.M.), Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Japan
| | - Naruhiko Sahara
- From the Departments of Functional Brain Imaging Research (H. Shinotoh, H. Shimada, K.T., S.K., M.O., Y. Kimura, S.H., M.I., N.S., T.S., M.H.) and Radiopharmaceuticals Development (M.-R.Z.), National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba; Neurology Clinic Chiba (H. Shinotoh); Kii ALS/PDC Research Center (Y. Kokubo), Mie University; Department of Neurology and Gerontology (F.N.), Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; Department of Psychiatry (S.K.), Nara Medical University; Division of Neurology (H.E.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo; Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, Department of Neurology (Y. Kimura), National Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi; Department of Neurology (S.H.), Chiba University; and Department of Neuropathology (M.M.), Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Japan
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- From the Departments of Functional Brain Imaging Research (H. Shinotoh, H. Shimada, K.T., S.K., M.O., Y. Kimura, S.H., M.I., N.S., T.S., M.H.) and Radiopharmaceuticals Development (M.-R.Z.), National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba; Neurology Clinic Chiba (H. Shinotoh); Kii ALS/PDC Research Center (Y. Kokubo), Mie University; Department of Neurology and Gerontology (F.N.), Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; Department of Psychiatry (S.K.), Nara Medical University; Division of Neurology (H.E.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo; Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, Department of Neurology (Y. Kimura), National Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi; Department of Neurology (S.H.), Chiba University; and Department of Neuropathology (M.M.), Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Suhara
- From the Departments of Functional Brain Imaging Research (H. Shinotoh, H. Shimada, K.T., S.K., M.O., Y. Kimura, S.H., M.I., N.S., T.S., M.H.) and Radiopharmaceuticals Development (M.-R.Z.), National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba; Neurology Clinic Chiba (H. Shinotoh); Kii ALS/PDC Research Center (Y. Kokubo), Mie University; Department of Neurology and Gerontology (F.N.), Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; Department of Psychiatry (S.K.), Nara Medical University; Division of Neurology (H.E.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo; Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, Department of Neurology (Y. Kimura), National Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi; Department of Neurology (S.H.), Chiba University; and Department of Neuropathology (M.M.), Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Japan
| | - Makoto Higuchi
- From the Departments of Functional Brain Imaging Research (H. Shinotoh, H. Shimada, K.T., S.K., M.O., Y. Kimura, S.H., M.I., N.S., T.S., M.H.) and Radiopharmaceuticals Development (M.-R.Z.), National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba; Neurology Clinic Chiba (H. Shinotoh); Kii ALS/PDC Research Center (Y. Kokubo), Mie University; Department of Neurology and Gerontology (F.N.), Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; Department of Psychiatry (S.K.), Nara Medical University; Division of Neurology (H.E.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo; Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, Department of Neurology (Y. Kimura), National Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi; Department of Neurology (S.H.), Chiba University; and Department of Neuropathology (M.M.), Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Japan
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Nodding syndrome in Uganda is a tauopathy. Acta Neuropathol 2018; 136:691-697. [PMID: 30219940 PMCID: PMC6208726 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-018-1909-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nodding syndrome is an epidemic neurologic disorder of unknown cause that affects children in the subsistence-farming communities of East Africa. We report the neuropathologic findings in five fatal cases (13–18 years of age at death) of nodding syndrome from the Acholi people in northern Uganda. Neuropathologic examination revealed tau-immunoreactive neuronal neurofibrillary tangles, pre-tangles, neuropil threads, and dot-like lesions involving the cerebral cortex, subcortical nuclei and brainstem. There was preferential involvement of the frontal and temporal lobes in a patchy distribution, mostly involving the crests of gyri and the superficial cortical lamina. The mesencephalopontine tegmental nuclei, substantia nigra, and locus coeruleus revealed globose neurofibrillary tangles and threads. We conclude that nodding syndrome is a tauopathy and may represent a newly recognized neurodegenerative disease.
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Verheijen BM, Oyanagi K, van Leeuwen FW. Dysfunction of Protein Quality Control in Parkinsonism-Dementia Complex of Guam. Front Neurol 2018; 9:173. [PMID: 29615966 PMCID: PMC5869191 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Guam parkinsonism–dementia complex (G-PDC) is an enigmatic neurodegenerative disease that is endemic to the Pacific island of Guam. G-PDC patients are clinically characterized by progressive cognitive impairment and parkinsonism. Neuropathologically, G-PDC is characterized by abundant neurofibrillary tangles, which are composed of hyperphosphorylated tau, marked deposition of 43-kDa TAR DNA-binding protein, and neuronal loss. Although both genetic and environmental factors have been implicated, the etiology and pathogenesis of G-PDC remain unknown. Recent neuropathological studies have provided new clues about the pathomechanisms involved in G-PDC. For example, deposition of abnormal components of the protein quality control system in brains of G-PDC patients indicates a role for proteostasis imbalance in the disease. This opens up promising avenues for new research on G-PDC and could have important implications for the study of other neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert M Verheijen
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Kiyomitsu Oyanagi
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Brain Disease Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan.,Brain Research Laboratory, Hatsuishi Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Fred W van Leeuwen
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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Hata Y, Ma N, Yoneda M, Morimoto S, Okano H, Murayama S, Kawanishi S, Kuzuhara S, Kokubo Y. Nitrative Stress and Tau Accumulation in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/Parkinsonism-Dementia Complex (ALS/PDC) in the Kii Peninsula, Japan. Front Neurosci 2018; 11:751. [PMID: 29403345 PMCID: PMC5786541 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The Kii Peninsula of Japan is known to be a high incidence area of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/parkinsonism-dementia complex (Kii ALS/PDC) with tauopathy. Nitrative stress and oxidative stress on ALS/PDC and their relationship to tau pathology were clarified. Methods: Seven patients with Kii ALS/PDC (3 males and 4 females, average age 70.7 years, 3 with ALS, 2 with ALS with dementia, and 2 with PDC) were analyzed in this study. Five patients with Alzheimer's disease and five normal aged subjects were used as controls. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded temporal lobe sections (the hippocampal area including hippocampus, prosubiculum, subiculum, presubiculum, and parahippocampal gyri) using antibodies to detect phosphorylated tau (anti-AT-8), nitrated guanine (anti-8-NG), anti-iNOS, anti-NFκB, and oxidized guanine (anti-8-OHdG) antibodies. Results: Most hippocampal neurons of Kii ALS/PDC patients were stained with anti-8-NG, anti-iNOS, anti-NFκB, and anti-8-OHdG antibodies and some AT-8 positive neurons were co-stained with anti-8-NG antibody. The numbers of 8-NG positive neurons and 8-OHdG positive neurons were greater than AT-8 positive neurons and the number of 8-NG positive neurons was larger in patients with Kii ALS/PDC than in controls. Conclusion: Nitrative and oxidative stress may take priority over tau accumulation and lead to the neurodegeneration in Kii ALS/PDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Hata
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Mie, Japan
| | - Ning Ma
- Division of Health Science, Graduate School of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Mie, Japan
| | - Misao Yoneda
- Department of Medical Welfare, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Mie, Japan
| | - Satoru Morimoto
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Mie, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Neuropathology, Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeo Murayama
- Department of Neuropathology, Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shosuke Kawanishi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Mie, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kuzuhara
- Department of Neurology and Medicine, School of Nursing, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Mie, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Kokubo
- Kii ALS/PDC Research Center, Graduate School of Regional Innovation studies, Mie University, Mie, Japan
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