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Mori H, Verbeure W, Schol J, Carbone F, Tack J. Gastrointestinal hormones and regulation of gastric emptying. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2022; 29:191-199. [PMID: 35081068 DOI: 10.1097/med.0000000000000707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this review, we evaluate recent findings related to the association between gastrointestinal hormones and regulation of gastric emptying. RECENT FINDINGS Motilin and ghrelin, which act during fasting, promote gastric motility, whereas most of the hormones secreted after a meal inhibit gastric motility. Serotonin has different progastric or antigastric motility effects depending on the receptor subtype. Serotonin receptor agonists have been used clinically to treat dyspepsia symptoms but other hormone receptor agonists or antagonists are still under development. Glucagon-like peptide 1 agonists, which have gastric motility and appetite-suppressing effects are used as a treatment for obesity and diabetes. SUMMARY Gastrointestinal hormones play an important role in the regulation of gastric motility. Various drugs have been developed to treat delayed gastric emptying by targeting gastrointestinal hormones or their receptors but few have been commercialized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Mori
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Mendoza-Martínez VM, Zavala-Solares MR, Espinosa-Flores AJ, León-Barrera KL, Alcántara-Suárez R, Carrillo-Ruíz JD, Escobedo G, Roldan-Valadez E, Esquivel-Velázquez M, Meléndez-Mier G, Bueno-Hernández N. Is a Non-Caloric Sweetener-Free Diet Good to Treat Functional Gastrointestinal Disorder Symptoms? A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14051095. [PMID: 35268070 PMCID: PMC8912523 DOI: 10.3390/nu14051095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: A diet containing non-caloric sweeteners (NCS) could reduce calorie intake; conversely, some animal studies suggest that NCS consumption may increase functional gastrointestinal disorder symptoms (FGDs). This study aimed to compare the effect of consuming a diet containing NCS (c-NCS) versus a non-caloric sweetener-free diet (NCS-f) on FGDs. Methods: We conducted a randomized, controlled, parallel-group study using two different diets for five weeks: the c-NCS diet contained 50−100 mg/day NCS, whereas the NCS-f diet had less than 10 mg/day NCS. At the beginning of the study (PreTx) and at the end (PostTx), we assessed FGDs, dietary intake, and NCS consumption. Results: The percentage of participants with diarrhea (PreTx = 19% vs. PstTx = 56%; p = 0.02), post-prandial discomfort (PreTx = 9% vs. PstTx = 39%; p = 0.02), constipation (PreTx = 30% vs. PostTx = 56%; p < 0.01), and burning (PreTx = 13% vs. PostTx = 33%; p < 0.01) increased in the c-NCS diet group. Conversely, abdominal pain (PreTx = 15% vs. PostTx = 3%; p = 0.04), post-prandial discomfort (PreTx = 26% vs. PostTx = 6%; p = 0.02), burning (PreTx = 15% vs. PostTx = 0%; p = 0.02), early satiety (PreTx = 18% vs. PostTx = 3%; p < 0.01), and epigastric pain (PreTx = 38% vs. PostTx = 3%; p < 0.01) decreased in the NCS-f diet group. Conclusion: A c-NCS diet is associated with increased FGDs, including diarrhea, post-prandial discomfort, constipation, and burning or retrosternal pain. The NCS-f diet also decreased FGDs, as well as abdominal pain, post-prandial discomfort, burning or retrosternal pain, early satiety, and epigastric pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viridiana Montsserrat Mendoza-Martínez
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Laboratory, Research Division, General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (V.M.M.-M.); (A.J.E.-F.); (K.L.L.-B.); (M.E.-V.)
| | | | - Aranza Jhosadara Espinosa-Flores
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Laboratory, Research Division, General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (V.M.M.-M.); (A.J.E.-F.); (K.L.L.-B.); (M.E.-V.)
| | - Karen Lorena León-Barrera
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Laboratory, Research Division, General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (V.M.M.-M.); (A.J.E.-F.); (K.L.L.-B.); (M.E.-V.)
| | - Raúl Alcántara-Suárez
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Research Division, General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (R.A.-S.); (G.E.)
| | - José Damián Carrillo-Ruíz
- Neurology and Neurosurgery Unit, General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City 06720, Mexico;
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Mexico Anahuac University, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico
| | - Galileo Escobedo
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Research Division, General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (R.A.-S.); (G.E.)
| | - Ernesto Roldan-Valadez
- Research Division, General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City 06720, Mexico;
| | - Marcela Esquivel-Velázquez
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Laboratory, Research Division, General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (V.M.M.-M.); (A.J.E.-F.); (K.L.L.-B.); (M.E.-V.)
| | - Guillermo Meléndez-Mier
- School of Public Health and Nutrition (FASPyN), Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Nuevo Leon 64460, Mexico
- Correspondence: (G.M.-M.); (N.B.-H.)
| | - Nallely Bueno-Hernández
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Laboratory, Research Division, General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (V.M.M.-M.); (A.J.E.-F.); (K.L.L.-B.); (M.E.-V.)
- Correspondence: (G.M.-M.); (N.B.-H.)
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Yilmaz N, Sari R, Suleymanlar G, Ozdem S. Effects of Different Immunosuppressive Drugs on Incretins in Renal Transplant Patients. J Natl Med Assoc 2020; 112:250-257. [PMID: 32305124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnma.2020.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunosuppressive drugs used in transplantation patients, may contribute to the development of post-transplant diabetes mellitus through their possible adverse effects on incretins. We aimed to compare the effects of different immunosuppressive drugs used in renal transplantation patients on glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) levels. PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty five subjects were enrolled in the study (cyclosporine-treated 15 and tacrolimus-treated renal transplant patients 15, and healthy volunteers as a control group 15). Oral glucose tolerance test with 75 gr glucose was performed. GLP-1 and GIP levels were measured at 0 (baseline), 30, 60, 90, 120 min using ELISA method. RESULTS A statistically significant level of difference was detected in GLP-1 levels at the baseline, 30th and 120th minutes among all three groups (p < 0,001, p = 0,026 and p = 0,022, respectively). Baseline GLP-1 levels in cyclosporine-treated renal transplant patients were higher than in both tacrolimus-treated renal transplant patients (p = 0,016) and control groups (p < 0,001). GLP-1 levels at the 30th minute were higher in tacrolimus-treated renal transplant patients when compared to the cyclosporine-treated renal transplant patients (p = 0,024). GLP-1 levels at the 120th minute were higher in tacrolimus-treated renal transplant patients than the control group (p = 0,024). The areas under the curve of GLP-1 was higher in tacrolimus-treated renal transplant patients when compared to the control group (p = 0,018). GIP levels at 120th was lower in cyclosporine-treated renal transplant patients when compared to control group (p = 0,003). CONCLUSION These findings showed a temporally affected incretin hormones in renal transplant patients, a preserved GLP-1 response to an oral glucose load in renal transplant patients on cyclosporine and increased GLP -1 response to an oral glucose load in those on tacrolimus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusret Yilmaz
- Akdeniz University, School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Sari
- Akdeniz University, School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Antalya, Turkey.
| | | | - Sebahat Ozdem
- Akdeniz University, School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Antalya, Turkey
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Crimmins S, Smiley R, Preston K, Yau A, Mccallum R, Ali MS. Increased Expression of Pyloric ERβ Is Associated With Diabetic Gastroparesis in Streptozotocin-Induced Male Diabetic Rats. Gastroenterology Res 2016; 9:39-46. [PMID: 27785323 PMCID: PMC5040542 DOI: 10.14740/gr701w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastroparesis is a significant co-morbidity affecting up to 50% of patients with diabetes and is disproportionately found in women. Prior studies have suggested that loss of interstitial cells of Cajal, hyperglycemia, and nitric oxide dysfunction are potential causes of gastroparesis. Since diabetic gastroparesis affects more women than men, we performed an exploratory study with a diabetic rat model to determine if sex hormone signaling is altered in those where gastroparesis develops. METHODS We injected male rats with streptozotocin (STZ) to model type I diabetes, as confirmed by blood glucose levels. Gastroparesis was determined by acetaminophen gavage and serum acetaminophen levels. Rats were grouped based on acetaminophen and blood glucose data: diabetic (DM), diabetic and gastroparetic (DM + GP), and control (CM). Serum levels of testosterone, estrogen, and insulin were determined as well as aromatase expression in pyloric tissue and serum. Androgen receptor and estrogen receptor α (ERα) and β (ERβ) were also measured in the pylorus. RESULTS Compared to CM, estrogen increased and testosterone decreased in both DM and DM + GP rats. Sex hormone levels were not different between DM and DM + GP. Serum aromatase was increased in DM and DM + GP rats; however, pyloric tissue levels were not significantly different from controls. ERα was unchanged and androgen receptor decreased in DM and DM + GP. ERβ was increased only in DM + GP animals. CONCLUSION Our study implicates increased pyloric ERβ in the development of gastroparesis in STZ-induced male diabetic rats. Increased serum aromatase is likely responsible for altered sex hormone levels. Our study supports the implication of sex hormone signaling in diabetic development and demonstrates a potential unique role for pyloric ERβ in male diabetic gastroparesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Crimmins
- Department of Clinical Investigation, William Beaumont Army Medical Center, 5005 N. Piedras Street, El Paso, TX 79920-5001, USA
- These authors contributed equally to first authorship of this manuscript
| | - Rebecca Smiley
- Department of Clinical Investigation, William Beaumont Army Medical Center, 5005 N. Piedras Street, El Paso, TX 79920-5001, USA
- These authors contributed equally to first authorship of this manuscript
| | - Kerry Preston
- Department of Clinical Investigation, William Beaumont Army Medical Center, 5005 N. Piedras Street, El Paso, TX 79920-5001, USA
| | - Amy Yau
- Internal Medicine Clinic, San Antonio Military Medical Center, 3551 Roger Brooke Dr., San Antonio, TX 78219, USA
| | - Richard Mccallum
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech Health Science Center Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, 4800 Alberta Ave, El Paso, TX 79905-2709, USA
| | - Mohammed Showkat Ali
- Department of Clinical Investigation, William Beaumont Army Medical Center, 5005 N. Piedras Street, El Paso, TX 79920-5001, USA
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Hammersjö R, Roth B, Höglund P, Ohlsson B. Esophageal and Gastric Dysmotilities are Associated with Altered Glucose Homeostasis and Plasma Levels of Incretins and Leptin. Rev Diabet Stud 2016; 13:79-90. [PMID: 27563696 DOI: 10.1900/rds.2016.13.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal complications in diabetes may affect glucose and endocrine homeostasis. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and leptin regulate glucose homeostasis, food intake, and gastric emptying. AIM The aim was to investigate associations between diabetes complications and glucose homeostasis and plasma levels of GIP, GLP-1, and leptin. METHODS Sixteen diabetes patients (seven men) were examined with gastric emptying scintigraphy and 72-h continuous subcutaneous glucose monitoring, 14 with the deep-breathing test, and 12 with esophageal manometry. A fiber-rich breakfast was given during the second day of glucose registration. Blood samples were taken 10 min and right before a fat-rich breakfast, as well as 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 min afterwards. 20 healthy volunteers acted as controls. Plasma was analyzed regarding GIP, GLP-1, and leptin by Luminex. RESULTS Gastroparesis lowered maximal concentration (c-max) (p = 0.003) and total area under the curve (tAUC) (p = 0.019) of glucose levels as well as d-min (p = 0.043) of leptin levels. It tended to lower baseline (p = 0.073), c-max (p = 0.066), change from baseline (d-max) (p = 0.073), and tAUC (p = 0.093) of GLP-1 concentrations. Esophageal dysmotility tended to lower tAUC of glucose levels (p = 0.063), and c-min (p = 0.065) and tAUC (p = 0.063) of leptin levels. Diabetes patients had a higher baseline concentration of glucose (p = 0.013), GIP (p = 0.023), and leptin (p = 0.019) compared with healthy subjects. CONCLUSIONS Gastric and esophageal dysmotility are associated with both lesser increases in postprandial glucose elevations and decreased postprandial changes in GLP-1 and leptin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecka Hammersjö
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bodil Roth
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Peter Höglund
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bodil Ohlsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Prévost G, Jeandel L, Arabo A, Coëffier M, El Ouahli M, Picot M, Alexandre D, Gobet F, Leprince J, Berrahmoune H, Déchelotte P, Malagon M, Bonner C, Kerr-Conte J, Chigr F, Lefebvre H, Anouar Y, Chartrel N. Hypothalamic Neuropeptide 26RFa Acts as an Incretin to Regulate Glucose Homeostasis. Diabetes 2015; 64:2805-16. [PMID: 25858563 DOI: 10.2337/db14-1864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
26RFa is a hypothalamic neuropeptide that promotes food intake. 26RFa is upregulated in obese animal models, and its orexigenic activity is accentuated in rodents fed a high-fat diet, suggesting that this neuropeptide might play a role in the development and maintenance of the obese status. As obesity is frequently associated with type 2 diabetes, we investigated whether 26RFa may be involved in the regulation of glucose homeostasis. In the current study, we show a moderate positive correlation between plasma 26RFa levels and plasma insulin in patients with diabetes. Plasma 26RFa concentration also increases in response to an oral glucose tolerance test. In addition, we found that 26RFa and its receptor GPR103 are present in human pancreatic β-cells as well as in the gut. In mice, 26RFa attenuates the hyperglycemia induced by a glucose load, potentiates insulin sensitivity, and increases plasma insulin concentrations. Consistent with these data, 26RFa stimulates insulin production by MIN6 insulinoma cells. Finally, we show, using in vivo and in vitro approaches, that a glucose load induces a massive secretion of 26RFa by the small intestine. Altogether, the present data indicate that 26RFa acts as an incretin to regulate glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëtan Prévost
- INSERM U982, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen, France Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University Hospital of Rouen, Rouen, France Normandy University, Caen, France University of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Lydie Jeandel
- INSERM U982, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen, France Normandy University, Caen, France University of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Arnaud Arabo
- Normandy University, Caen, France University of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Moïse Coëffier
- Normandy University, Caen, France University of Rouen, Rouen, France INSERM U1073, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen, France Department of Nutrition, University Hospital of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Mariama El Ouahli
- INSERM U982, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen, France Normandy University, Caen, France University of Rouen, Rouen, France Biological Engineering Laboratory, Life Sciences, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni-Mellal, Morocco
| | - Marie Picot
- INSERM U982, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen, France Normandy University, Caen, France University of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - David Alexandre
- INSERM U982, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen, France Normandy University, Caen, France University of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Françoise Gobet
- Normandy University, Caen, France University of Rouen, Rouen, France Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Jérôme Leprince
- INSERM U982, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen, France Normandy University, Caen, France University of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Hind Berrahmoune
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University Hospital of Rouen, Rouen, France Normandy University, Caen, France University of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Pierre Déchelotte
- Normandy University, Caen, France University of Rouen, Rouen, France INSERM U1073, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen, France Department of Nutrition, University Hospital of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Maria Malagon
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba/Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Caroline Bonner
- INSERM U859, Biotherapies of Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Julie Kerr-Conte
- INSERM U859, Biotherapies of Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Fatiha Chigr
- Biological Engineering Laboratory, Life Sciences, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni-Mellal, Morocco
| | - Hervé Lefebvre
- INSERM U982, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen, France Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University Hospital of Rouen, Rouen, France Normandy University, Caen, France University of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Youssef Anouar
- INSERM U982, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen, France Normandy University, Caen, France University of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Nicolas Chartrel
- INSERM U982, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen, France Normandy University, Caen, France University of Rouen, Rouen, France
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize the recent findings. RECENT FINDINGS Studies of changes in the plasma levels confirm the earlier concepts, but offer little proof of causal effect. It is increasingly realized that peptides produced in the gut have a paracrine role or an indirect effect via the gut-brain axis. Interest in prokinetic peptide agonists remains high despite the failure of two candidate drugs, but relamorelin and camicinal offer new hope. SUMMARY We review the original studies published since January 2013 on peptides produced in the gut and with an effect on gastrointestinal motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo L Peeters
- Gut Peptide Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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