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Abdul Rahman A, Mohd Isa IL, Tofail SAM, Bartlomiej L, Rodriguez BJ, Biggs MJ, Pandit A. Modification of Living Diatom, Thalassiosira weissflogii, with a Calcium Precursor through a Calcium Uptake Mechanism: A Next Generation Biomaterial for Advanced Delivery Systems. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:4102-4115. [PMID: 38758756 PMCID: PMC11190972 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
The diatom's frustule, characterized by its rugged and porous exterior, exhibits a remarkable biomimetic morphology attributable to its highly ordered pores, extensive surface area, and unique architecture. Despite these advantages, the toxicity and nonbiodegradable nature of silica-based organisms pose a significant challenge when attempting to utilize these organisms as nanotopographically functionalized microparticles in the realm of biomedicine. In this study, we addressed this limitation by modulating the chemical composition of diatom microparticles by modulating the active silica metabolic uptake mechanism while maintaining their intricate three-dimensional architecture through calcium incorporation into living diatoms. Here, the diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii was chemically modified to replace its silica composition with a biodegradable calcium template, while simultaneously preserving the unique three-dimensional (3D) frustule structure with hierarchical patterns of pores and nanoscale architectural features, which was evident by the deposition of calcium as calcium carbonate. Calcium hydroxide is incorporated into the exoskeleton through the active mechanism of calcium uptake via a carbon-concentrating mechanism, without altering the microstructure. Our findings suggest that calcium-modified diatoms hold potential as a nature-inspired delivery system for immunotherapy through antibody-specific binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asrizal Abdul Rahman
- CÚRAM,
SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway H91 W2TY, Ireland
| | - Isma Liza Mohd Isa
- CÚRAM,
SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway H91 W2TY, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Syed A. M. Tofail
- Materials
and Surface Science Institute, University
of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Lukasz Bartlomiej
- Conway
Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and School of Physics, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Brian J. Rodriguez
- Conway
Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and School of Physics, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Manus J. Biggs
- CÚRAM,
SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway H91 W2TY, Ireland
| | - Abhay Pandit
- CÚRAM,
SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway H91 W2TY, Ireland
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Rukminasari N, Muhammad Lukman, Khusnul Yaqin. INTERACTION OF CO2 AND LIGHT AVAILABILITY ON PHOTOPHYSIOLOGY OF TROPICAL COCCOLITOPHORIDS (EMILIANIA HUXLEYI, GEPHYROCAPSA OCEANICA, AND OCHOSPHAERA SP.). BIOLINK (JURNAL BIOLOGI LINGKUNGAN INDUSTRI KESEHATAN) 2023. [DOI: 10.31289/biolink.v9i2.7912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
The study to examine the calcification rate, adaptation, and the biotic response of three tropical coccolithophorids (Emiliania huxleyi, Gephyrocapsa oceanica, and Ochosphaera sp) to changes in CO2 concentration. Three selected calcifying coccolitophorids were grown at batch culture with CO2 system at two levels of CO2 (385 and 1000 ppm) and two light dark periods. The parameters measured and calculation including growth rate, particulate organic carbon content, particulate inorganic carbon content, chlorophyll a, cell size, photosynthetic, organic, inorganic carbon production, photosynthesis, and calcification rate. The results showed that there was a different response to carbonate chemistry changes and dark and light periods in any of the analyzed parameters. The growth rate of three selected calcifying microalgae tested was decreasing significantly at high concentrations of CO2 (1000 ppm) treatment on 14:10 hour light: dark periods. However, there was no significant difference between the two CO2 concentrations where they were illuminated by 24 hours light in growth rate. The increasing CO2 concentration and light-dark periods were species-specific responses to photosynthesis and calcification rate for three selected calcifying microalgae.
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Lorrain A, Pethybridge H, Cassar N, Receveur A, Allain V, Bodin N, Bopp L, Choy CA, Duffy L, Fry B, Goñi N, Graham BS, Hobday AJ, Logan JM, Ménard F, Menkes CE, Olson RJ, Pagendam DE, Point D, Revill AT, Somes CJ, Young JW. Trends in tuna carbon isotopes suggest global changes in pelagic phytoplankton communities. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:458-470. [PMID: 31578765 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Considerable uncertainty remains over how increasing atmospheric CO2 and anthropogenic climate changes are affecting open-ocean marine ecosystems from phytoplankton to top predators. Biological time series data are thus urgently needed for the world's oceans. Here, we use the carbon stable isotope composition of tuna to provide a first insight into the existence of global trends in complex ecosystem dynamics and changes in the oceanic carbon cycle. From 2000 to 2015, considerable declines in δ13 C values of 0.8‰-2.5‰ were observed across three tuna species sampled globally, with more substantial changes in the Pacific Ocean compared to the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. Tuna recorded not only the Suess effect, that is, fossil fuel-derived and isotopically light carbon being incorporated into marine ecosystems, but also recorded profound changes at the base of marine food webs. We suggest a global shift in phytoplankton community structure, for example, a reduction in 13 C-rich phytoplankton such as diatoms, and/or a change in phytoplankton physiology during this period, although this does not rule out other concomitant changes at higher levels in the food webs. Our study establishes tuna δ13 C values as a candidate essential ocean variable to assess complex ecosystem responses to climate change at regional to global scales and over decadal timescales. Finally, this time series will be invaluable in calibrating and validating global earth system models to project changes in marine biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Lorrain
- IRD, CNRS, Ifremer, LEMAR, Univ Brest, Plouzané, France
| | | | - Nicolas Cassar
- IRD, CNRS, Ifremer, LEMAR, Univ Brest, Plouzané, France
- Division of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Aurore Receveur
- Pacific Community, Oceanic Fisheries Programme, Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - Valérie Allain
- Pacific Community, Oceanic Fisheries Programme, Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - Nathalie Bodin
- IRD, Fishing Port, Victoria, Mahe, Republic of Seychelles
- Seychelles Fishing Authority (SFA), Victoria, Mahe, Republic of Seychelles
| | - Laurent Bopp
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (LMD), Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace (IPSL), Ecole Normale Supérieure/PSL Res. Univ., CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - C Anela Choy
- Integrative Oceanography Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Leanne Duffy
- Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission, (IATTC), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Brian Fry
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Qld, Australia
| | | | - Brittany S Graham
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Ltd. (NIWA), Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | - John M Logan
- Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries, New Bedford, MA, USA
| | - Frederic Ménard
- Aix Marseille University, University of Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, UM110, Marseille, France
| | | | - Robert J Olson
- Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission, (IATTC), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Dan E Pagendam
- CSIRO, Computational Informatics, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - David Point
- Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, GET, UMR CNRS 5563/IRD 234, Université́ Paul Sabatier Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Jock W Young
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, Tas., Australia
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Blueprints for the Next Generation of Bioinspired and Biomimetic Mineralised Composites for Bone Regeneration. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16080288. [PMID: 30127281 PMCID: PMC6117730 DOI: 10.3390/md16080288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Coccolithophores are unicellular marine phytoplankton, which produce intricate, tightly regulated, exoskeleton calcite structures. The formation of biogenic calcite occurs either intracellularly, forming ‘wheel-like’ calcite plates, or extracellularly, forming ‘tiled-like’ plates known as coccoliths. Secreted coccoliths then self-assemble into multiple layers to form the coccosphere, creating a protective wall around the organism. The cell wall hosts a variety of unique species-specific inorganic morphologies that cannot be replicated synthetically. Although biomineralisation has been extensively studied, it is still not fully understood. It is becoming more apparent that biologically controlled mineralisation is still an elusive goal. A key question to address is how nature goes from basic building blocks to the ultrafine, highly organised structures found in coccolithophores. A better understanding of coccolithophore biomineralisation will offer new insight into biomimetic and bioinspired synthesis of advanced, functionalised materials for bone tissue regeneration. The purpose of this review is to spark new interest in biomineralisation and gain new insight into coccolithophores from a material science perspective, drawing on existing knowledge from taxonomists, geologists, palaeontologists and phycologists.
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Tong S, Gao K, Hutchins DA. Adaptive evolution in the coccolithophore Gephyrocapsa oceanica following 1,000 generations of selection under elevated CO 2. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:3055-3064. [PMID: 29356310 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Coccolithophores are important oceanic primary producers not only in terms of photosynthesis but also because they produce calcite plates called coccoliths. Ongoing ocean acidification associated with changing seawater carbonate chemistry may impair calcification and other metabolic functions in coccolithophores. While short-term ocean acidification effects on calcification and other properties have been examined in a variety of coccolithophore species, long-term adaptive responses have scarcely been documented, other than for the single species Emiliania huxleyi. Here, we investigated the effects of ocean acidification on another ecologically important coccolithophore species, Gephyrocapsa oceanica, following 1,000 generations of growth under elevated CO2 conditions (1,000 μatm). High CO2 -selected populations exhibited reduced growth rates and enhanced particulate organic carbon (POC) and nitrogen (PON) production, relative to populations selected under ambient CO2 (400 μatm). Particulate inorganic carbon (PIC) and PIC/POC ratios decreased progressively throughout the selection period in high CO2 -selected cell lines. All of these trait changes persisted when high CO2 -grown populations were moved back to ambient CO2 conditions for about 10 generations. The results suggest that the calcification of some coccolithophores may be more heavily impaired by ocean acidification than previously predicted based on short-term studies, with potentially large implications for the ocean's carbon cycle under accelerating anthropogenic influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanying Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Kunshan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - David A Hutchins
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Singh B, Sharma RA. Plant terpenes: defense responses, phylogenetic analysis, regulation and clinical applications. 3 Biotech 2015; 5:129-151. [PMID: 28324581 PMCID: PMC4362742 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-014-0220-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The terpenoids constitute the largest class of natural products and many interesting products are extensively applied in the industrial sector as flavors, fragrances, spices and are also used in perfumery and cosmetics. Many terpenoids have biological activities and also used for medical purposes. In higher plants, the conventional acetate-mevalonic acid pathway operates mainly in the cytosol and mitochondria and synthesizes sterols, sesquiterpenes and ubiquinones mainly. In the plastid, the non-mevalonic acid pathway takes place and synthesizes hemi-, mono-, sesqui-, and diterpenes along with carotenoids and phytol tail of chlorophyll. In this review paper, recent developments in the biosynthesis of terpenoids, indepth description of terpene synthases and their phylogenetic analysis, regulation of terpene biosynthesis as well as updates of terpenes which have entered in the clinical studies are reviewed thoroughly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Singh
- AIB, Amity University Rajasthan, NH-11C, Kant Kalwar, Jaipur, 303 002, India.
| | - Ram A Sharma
- Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, 302 055, India
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