1
|
Wu J, Zhang J, Hao X, Lv K, Xie Y, Xu W. Establishment of an efficient callus transient transformation system for Vitis vinifera cv. 'Chardonnay'. PROTOPLASMA 2024; 261:351-366. [PMID: 37906315 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-023-01901-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Grape (Vitis L.), a highly valued fruit crop, poses significant challenges in genetic transformation and functional characterization of genes. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of a rapid and effective method for grape transformation and gene function identification. Here, we introduce a streamlined Agrobacterium-mediated transient transformation system for grape calli. Optimal conditions were established with a leaf-derived callus induction medium; chiefly B5 medium supplemented with 0.05 mg/L NAA, 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D, and 2.0 mg/L KT; and a callus proliferation medium (B5 medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L NAA and 2.0 mg/L 6-BA), respectively. Notably, GUS enzyme activity peaked (352.96 ± 33.95 mol 4-MU/mg/min) by sonication with Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA105 and 100 μM AS for 4 min, followed by vacuum infection for 5 min, and co-culture at 25 °C in the dark for 1 day using callus as explants at an optical density (OD600) of 0.8. VaCIPK18 gene was transiently transformed into calli, and transcripts of the gene (endogenous and exogenous) were detected at higher levels than in non-transformed calli (endogenous). Moreover, after 10 days of treatment at 4 °C or -4 °C, the callus net weight of transformed callus was significantly higher than that of the untransformed callus, indicating that the VaCIPK18-overexpressing grape callus could improve cold tolerance. Overall, we establish a simple but effective transient transformation approach for grape callus, which could serve as a useful tool for the rapid assessment of gene function in this important crop.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jieping Wu
- College of Enology and Horticulture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China
- Engineering Research Center of Grape and Wine, Ministry of Education, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Junxia Zhang
- College of Enology and Horticulture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China
- Engineering Research Center of Grape and Wine, Ministry of Education, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Xinyi Hao
- College of Enology and Horticulture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China
- Engineering Research Center of Grape and Wine, Ministry of Education, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Kai Lv
- College of Enology and Horticulture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China
- Engineering Research Center of Grape and Wine, Ministry of Education, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Yaping Xie
- College of Enology and Horticulture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China
- Engineering Research Center of Grape and Wine, Ministry of Education, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Weirong Xu
- College of Enology and Horticulture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Grape and Wine, Ministry of Education, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China.
- Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Yinchuan, 750021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mao Z, Wang Y, Li M, Zhang S, Zhao Z, Xu Q, Liu JH, Li C. Vacuolar proteomic analysis reveals tonoplast transporters for accumulation of citric acid and sugar in citrus fruit. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhad249. [PMID: 38288255 PMCID: PMC10822839 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Vacuole largely dictates the fruit taste and flavor, as most of the sugars and organic acids are stored in the vacuoles of the fruit. However, difficulties associated with vacuole separation severely hinder identification and characterization of vacuolar proteins in fruit species. In this study, we established an effective approach for separating vacuoles and successfully purified vacuolar protein from six types of citrus fruit with varying patterns of sugar and organic acid contents. By using label-free LC-MS/MS proteomic analysis, 1443 core proteins were found to be associated with the essential functions of vacuole in citrus fruit. Correlation analysis of metabolite concentration with proteomic data revealed a transporter system for the accumulation of organic acid and soluble sugars in citrus. Furthermore, we characterized the physiological roles of selected key tonoplast transporters, ABCG15, Dict2.1, TMT2, and STP7 in the accumulation of citric acid and sugars. These findings provide a novel perspective and practical solution for investigating the transporters underlying the formation of citrus taste and flavor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zuolin Mao
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yue Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Mengdi Li
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shuhang Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zeqi Zhao
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ji-Hong Liu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chunlong Li
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Palmgren M. P-type ATPases: Many more enigmas left to solve. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105352. [PMID: 37838176 PMCID: PMC10654040 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
P-type ATPases constitute a large ancient super-family of primary active pumps that have diverse substrate specificities ranging from H+ to phospholipids. The significance of these enzymes in biology cannot be overstated. They are structurally related, and their catalytic cycles alternate between high- and low-affinity conformations that are induced by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of a conserved aspartate residue. In the year 1988, all P-type sequences available by then were analyzed and five major families, P1 to P5, were identified. Since then, a large body of knowledge has accumulated concerning the structure, function, and physiological roles of members of these families, but only one additional family, P6 ATPases, has been identified. However, much is still left to be learned. For each family a few remaining enigmas are presented, with the intention that they will stimulate interest in continued research in the field. The review is by no way comprehensive and merely presents personal views with a focus on evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Palmgren
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Strazzer P, Verbree B, Bliek M, Koes R, Quattrocchio FM. The Amsterdam petunia germplasm collection: A tool in plant science. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1129724. [PMID: 37025133 PMCID: PMC10070740 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1129724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Petunia hybrida is a plant model system used by many researchers to investigate a broad range of biological questions. One of the reasons for the success of this organism as a lab model is the existence of numerous mutants, involved in a wide range of processes, and the ever-increasing size of this collection owing to a highly active and efficient transposon system. We report here on the origin of petunia-based research and describe the collection of petunia lines housed in the University of Amsterdam, where many of the existing genotypes are maintained.
Collapse
|
5
|
Structure of V-ATPase from citrus fruit. Structure 2022; 30:1403-1410.e4. [PMID: 36041457 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We used the Legionella pneumophila effector SidK to affinity purify the endogenous vacuolar-type ATPases (V-ATPases) from lemon fruit. The preparation was sufficient for cryoelectron microscopy, allowing structure determination of the enzyme in two rotational states. The structure defines the ATP:H+ ratio of the enzyme, demonstrating that it can establish a maximum ΔpH of ∼3, which is insufficient to maintain the low pH observed in the vacuoles of juice sac cells in lemons and other citrus fruit. Compared with yeast and mammalian enzymes, the membrane region of the plant V-ATPase lacks subunit f and possesses an unusual configuration of transmembrane α helices. Subunit H, which inhibits ATP hydrolysis in the isolated catalytic region of V-ATPase, adopts two different conformations in the intact complex, hinting at a role in modulating activity in the intact enzyme.
Collapse
|
6
|
Kuang L, Chen S, Guo Y, Scheuring D, Flaishman MA, Ma H. Proteome Analysis of Vacuoles Isolated from Fig (Ficus carica L.) Flesh during Fruit Development. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 63:785-801. [PMID: 35348748 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fruit flesh cell vacuoles play a pivotal role in fruit growth and quality formation. In the present study, intact vacuoles were carefully released and collected from protoplasts isolated from flesh cells at five sampling times along fig fruit development. Label-free quantification and vacuole proteomic analysis identified 1,251 proteins, 1,137 of which were recruited as differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) by fold change ≥ 1.5, P < 0.05. DAPs were assigned to 10 functional categories; among them, 238, 186, 109, 93 and 90 were annotated as metabolism, transport proteins, membrane fusion or vesicle trafficking, protein fate and stress response proteins, respectively. Decreased numbers of DAPs were uncovered along fruit development. The overall changing pattern of DAPs revealed two major proteome landscape conversions in fig flesh cell vacuoles: the first occurred when fruit developed from late-stage I to mid-stage II, and the second occurred when the fruit started ripening. Metabolic proteins related to glycosidase, lipid and extracellular proteins contributing to carbohydrate storage and vacuole expansion, and protein-degrading proteins determining vacuolar lytic function were revealed. Key tonoplast proteins contributing to vacuole expansion, cell growth and fruit quality formation were also identified. The revealed comprehensive changes in the vacuole proteome during flesh development were compared with our previously published vacuole proteome of grape berry. The information expands our knowledge of the vacuolar proteome and the protein basis of vacuole functional evolution during fruit development and quality formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liuqing Kuang
- Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China
| | - Shangwu Chen
- College of Food Science and Nutrition Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yan Guo
- College of Biology Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - David Scheuring
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
| | - Moshe A Flaishman
- Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Huiqin Ma
- Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhou JY, Hao DL, Yang GZ. Regulation of Cytosolic pH: The Contributions of Plant Plasma Membrane H +-ATPases and Multiple Transporters. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12998. [PMID: 34884802 PMCID: PMC8657649 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytosolic pH homeostasis is a precondition for the normal growth and stress responses in plants, and H+ flux across the plasma membrane is essential for cytoplasmic pH control. Hence, this review focuses on seven types of proteins that possess direct H+ transport activity, namely, H+-ATPase, NHX, CHX, AMT, NRT, PHT, and KT/HAK/KUP, to summarize their plasma-membrane-located family members, the effect of corresponding gene knockout and/or overexpression on cytosolic pH, the H+ transport pathway, and their functional regulation by the extracellular/cytosolic pH. In general, H+-ATPases mediate H+ extrusion, whereas most members of other six proteins mediate H+ influx, thus contributing to cytosolic pH homeostasis by directly modulating H+ flux across the plasma membrane. The fact that some AMTs/NRTs mediate H+-coupled substrate influx, whereas other intra-family members facilitate H+-uncoupled substrate transport, demonstrates that not all plasma membrane transporters possess H+-coupled substrate transport mechanisms, and using the transport mechanism of a protein to represent the case of the entire family is not suitable. The transport activity of these proteins is regulated by extracellular and/or cytosolic pH, with different structural bases for H+ transfer among these seven types of proteins. Notably, intra-family members possess distinct pH regulatory characterization and underlying residues for H+ transfer. This review is anticipated to facilitate the understanding of the molecular basis for cytosolic pH homeostasis. Despite this progress, the strategy of their cooperation for cytosolic pH homeostasis needs further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yan Zhou
- Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forest, Jurong 212400, China;
| | - Dong-Li Hao
- The National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Warm-Season Turfgrasses, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Guang-Zhe Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang C, Xiang Y, Qian D. Current progress in plant V-ATPase: From biochemical properties to physiological functions. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 266:153525. [PMID: 34560396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Vacuolar-type adenosine triphosphatase (V-ATPase, VHA) is a highly conserved, ATP-driven multisubunit proton pump that is widely distributed in all eukaryotic cells. V-ATPase consists of two domains formed by at least 13 different subunits, the membrane peripheral V1 domain responsible for ATP hydrolysis, and the membrane-integral V0 domain responsible for proton translocation. V-ATPase plays an essential role in energizing secondary active transport and is indispensable to plants. In addition to multiple stress responses, plant V-ATPase is also implicated in physiological processes such as growth, development, and morphogenesis. Based on the identification of distinct V-ATPase mutants and advances in luminal pH measurements in vivo, it has been revealed that this holoenzyme complex plays a pivotal role in pH homeostasis of the plant endomembrane system and endocytic and secretory trafficking. Here, we review recent progress in comprehending the biochemical properties and physiological functions of plant V-ATPase and explore the topics that require further elucidation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yun Xiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Dong Qian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Huang XY, Wang CK, Zhao YW, Sun CH, Hu DG. Mechanisms and regulation of organic acid accumulation in plant vacuoles. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:227. [PMID: 34697291 PMCID: PMC8546024 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00702-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In fleshy fruits, organic acids are the main source of fruit acidity and play an important role in regulating osmotic pressure, pH homeostasis, stress resistance, and fruit quality. The transport of organic acids from the cytosol to the vacuole and their storage are complex processes. A large number of transporters carry organic acids from the cytosol to the vacuole with the assistance of various proton pumps and enzymes. However, much remains to be explored regarding the vacuolar transport mechanism of organic acids as well as the substances involved and their association. In this review, recent advances in the vacuolar transport mechanism of organic acids in plants are summarized from the perspectives of transporters, channels, proton pumps, and upstream regulators to better understand the complex regulatory networks involved in fruit acid formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Chu-Kun Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Yu-Wen Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Cui-Hui Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China.
| | - Da-Gang Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gilbert KJ, Renner T. Acid or base? How do plants regulate the ecology of their phylloplane? AOB PLANTS 2021; 13:plab032. [PMID: 34285793 PMCID: PMC8286713 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plab032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Plants interface with and modify the external environment across their surfaces, and in so doing, can control or mitigate the impacts of abiotic stresses and also mediate their interactions with other organisms. Botanically, it is known that plant roots have a multi-faceted ability to modify rhizosphere conditions like pH, a factor with a large effect on a plant's biotic interactions with microbes. But plants can also modify pH levels on the surfaces of their leaves. Plants can neutralize acid rain inputs in a period of hours, and either acidify or alkalinize the pH of neutral water droplets in minutes. The pH of the phylloplane-that is, the outermost surface of the leaf-varies across species, from incredibly acidic (carnivorous plants: as low as pH 1) to exceptionally alkaline (species in the plant family, Malvaceae, up to pH 11). However, most species mildly acidify droplets on the phylloplane by 1.5 orders of magnitude in pH. Just as rhizosphere pH helps shape the plant microbiome and is known to influence belowground interactions, so too can phylloplane pH influence aboveground interactions in plant canopies. In this review, we discuss phylloplane pH regulation from the physiological, molecular, evolutionary, and ecological perspectives and address knowledge gaps and identify future research directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kadeem J Gilbert
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, 501 Agricultural Sciences and Industries Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Tanya Renner
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, 501 Agricultural Sciences and Industries Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jia D, Wu P, Shen F, Li W, Zheng X, Wang Y, Yuan Y, Zhang X, Han Z. Genetic variation in the promoter of an R2R3-MYB transcription factor determines fruit malate content in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:549-568. [PMID: 33624810 PMCID: PMC8154052 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Deciphering the mechanism of malate accumulation in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) fruits can help to improve their flavor quality and enhance their benefits for human health. Here, we analyzed malate content as a quantitative trait that is determined mainly by genetic effects. In a previous study, we identified an R2R3-MYB transcription factor named MdMYB44 that was a candidate gene in qtl08.1 (quantitative trait locus mapped to chromosome 8) of fruit malate content. In the present study, we established that MdMYB44 negatively regulates fruit malate accumulation by repressing the promoter activity of the malate-associated genes Ma1 (Al-Activated Malate Transporter 9), Ma10 (P-type ATPase 10), MdVHA-A3 (V-type ATPase A3), and MdVHA-D2 (V-type ATPase D2). Two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the MdMYB44 promoter, SNP A/G and SNP T/-, were experimentally shown to associate with fruit malate content. The TATA-box in the MdMYB44 promoter in the presence of SNP A enhances the basal activity of the MdMYB44 promoter. The binding of a basic-helix-loop-helix transcription factor MdbHLH49 to the MdMYB44 promoter was enhanced by the presence of SNP T, leading to increased MdMYB44 transcript levels and reduced malate accumulation. Furthermore, MdbHLH49 interacts with MdMYB44 and enhances MdMYB44 activity. The two SNPs could be used in combination to select for sour or non-sour apples, providing a valuable tool for the selection of fruit acidity by the apple breeding industry. This research is important for understanding the complex molecular mechanisms of fruit malate accumulation and accelerating the development of germplasm innovation in apple species and cultivars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongjie Jia
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Quality and Safety Engineering, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Peng Wu
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Quality and Safety Engineering, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Fei Shen
- Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Horticulture, Institute for Horticultural Plants, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Quality and Safety Engineering, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yongzhang Wang
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Quality and Safety Engineering, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yongbing Yuan
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Quality and Safety Engineering, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xinzhong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Institute for Horticultural Plants, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhenhai Han
- College of Horticulture, Institute for Horticultural Plants, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cosse M, Seidel T. Plant Proton Pumps and Cytosolic pH-Homeostasis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:672873. [PMID: 34177988 PMCID: PMC8220075 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.672873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Proton pumps create a proton motif force and thus, energize secondary active transport at the plasma nmembrane and endomembranes of the secretory pathway. In the plant cell, the dominant proton pumps are the plasma membrane ATPase, the vacuolar pyrophosphatase (V-PPase), and the vacuolar-type ATPase (V-ATPase). All these pumps act on the cytosolic pH by pumping protons into the lumen of compartments or into the apoplast. To maintain the typical pH and thus, the functionality of the cytosol, the activity of the pumps needs to be coordinated and adjusted to the actual needs. The cellular toolbox for a coordinated regulation comprises 14-3-3 proteins, phosphorylation events, ion concentrations, and redox-conditions. This review combines the knowledge on regulation of the different proton pumps and highlights possible coordination mechanisms.
Collapse
|
13
|
Feng H, Fan X, Miller AJ, Xu G. Plant nitrogen uptake and assimilation: regulation of cellular pH homeostasis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:4380-4392. [PMID: 32206788 PMCID: PMC7382382 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The enzymatic controlled metabolic processes in cells occur at their optimized pH ranges, therefore cellular pH homeostasis is fundamental for life. In plants, the nitrogen (N) source for uptake and assimilation, mainly in the forms of nitrate (NO3-) and ammonium (NH4+) quantitatively dominates the anion and cation equilibrium and the pH balance in cells. Here we review ionic and pH homeostasis in plant cells and regulation by N source from the rhizosphere to extra- and intracellular pH regulation for short- and long-distance N distribution and during N assimilation. In the process of N transport across membranes for uptake and compartmentation, both proton pumps and proton-coupled N transporters are essential, and their proton-binding sites may sense changes of apoplastic or intracellular pH. In addition, during N assimilation, carbon skeletons are required to synthesize amino acids, thus the combination of NO3- or NH4+ transport and assimilation results in different net charge and numbers of protons in plant cells. Efficient maintenance of N-controlled cellular pH homeostasis may improve N uptake and use efficiency, as well as enhance the resistance to abiotic stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing, China
- MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaorong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing, China
- MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Anthony J Miller
- Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Guohua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing, China
- MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang Y, Li Q, Xu L, Qiao X, Liu C, Zhang S. Comparative analysis of the P-type ATPase gene family in seven Rosaceae species and an expression analysis in pear (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.). Genomics 2020; 112:2550-2563. [PMID: 32057915 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
P-type ATPases are integral membrane transporters that play important roles in transmembrane transport in plants. However, a comprehensive analysis of the P-type ATPase gene family has not been conducted in Chinese white pear (Pyrus bretschneideri) or other Rosaceae species. Here, we identified 419 P-type ATPase genes from seven Rosaceae species (Pyrus bretschneideri, Malus domestica, Prunus persica, Fragaria vesca, Prunus mume, Pyrus communis and Pyrus betulifolia). Structural and phylogenetic analyses revealed that P-type ATPase genes can be divided into five subfamilies. Different subfamilies have different conserved motifs and cis-acting elements, which may lead to functional divergence within one gene family. Dispersed duplication and whole-genome duplication may play critical roles in the expansion of the P-type ATPase family. Purifying selection was the primary force driving the evolution of P-type ATPase family genes. Based on the dynamic transcriptome analysis and transient transformation of Chinese white pear fruit, Pbr029767.1 in the P3A subfamily were found to be associated with malate accumulation during pear fruit development. Using a co-expression network, we identified several transcription factors that may have regulatory relationships with the P-type ATPase gene family. Overall, this study lays a solid foundation for understanding the evolution and functions of P-type ATPase genes in Chinese white pear and six other Rosaceae species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Qionghou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Linlin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Xin Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chunxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sundaramoorthy J, Park GT, Lee JD, Kim JH, Seo HS, Song JT. A P 3A-Type ATPase and an R2R3-MYB Transcription Factor Are Involved in Vacuolar Acidification and Flower Coloration in Soybean. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:580085. [PMID: 33424880 PMCID: PMC7793830 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.580085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The determination of flower color mainly depends on the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway and vacuolar pH; however, unlike the former, the mechanism of vacuolar acidification in soybean remains uncharacterized at the molecular level. To investigate this mechanism, we isolated four recessive purple-blue EMS-induced flower mutants from the purple flower soybean cultivar, Pungsannamul. The petals of all the mutants had increased pH compared with those of wild Pungsannamul. One of the mutants had a single nucleotide substitution in GmPH4, a regulator gene encoding an MYB transcription factor, and the substitution resulted in a premature stop codon in its first exon. The other three mutants had nucleotide substitutions in GmPH5, a single new gene that we identified by physical mapping. It corresponds to Glyma.03G262600 in chromosome 3 and encodes a proton pump that belongs to the P3A-ATPase family. The substitutions resulted in a premature stop codon, which may be a defect in the ATP-binding capacity of GmPH5 and possibly a catalytic inefficiency of GmPH5. The result is consistent with their genetic recessiveness as well as the high pH of mutant petals, suggesting that GmPH5 is directly involved in vacuolar acidification. We also found that the expression of GmPH5 and several putative "acidifying" genes in the gmph4 mutant was remarkably reduced, indicating that GmPH4 may regulate the genes involved in determining the vacuolar pH of soybean petals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gyu Tae Park
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jeong-Dong Lee
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jeong Hoe Kim
- Department of Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hak Soo Seo
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Tae Song
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- *Correspondence: Jong Tae Song
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Thole V, Bassard JE, Ramírez-González R, Trick M, Ghasemi Afshar B, Breitel D, Hill L, Foito A, Shepherd L, Freitag S, Nunes dos Santos C, Menezes R, Bañados P, Naesby M, Wang L, Sorokin A, Tikhonova O, Shelenga T, Stewart D, Vain P, Martin C. RNA-seq, de novo transcriptome assembly and flavonoid gene analysis in 13 wild and cultivated berry fruit species with high content of phenolics. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:995. [PMID: 31856735 PMCID: PMC6924045 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6183-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flavonoids are produced in all flowering plants in a wide range of tissues including in berry fruits. These compounds are of considerable interest for their biological activities, health benefits and potential pharmacological applications. However, transcriptomic and genomic resources for wild and cultivated berry fruit species are often limited, despite their value in underpinning the in-depth study of metabolic pathways, fruit ripening as well as in the identification of genotypes rich in bioactive compounds. RESULTS To access the genetic diversity of wild and cultivated berry fruit species that accumulate high levels of phenolic compounds in their fleshy berry(-like) fruits, we selected 13 species from Europe, South America and Asia representing eight genera, seven families and seven orders within three clades of the kingdom Plantae. RNA from either ripe fruits (ten species) or three ripening stages (two species) as well as leaf RNA (one species) were used to construct, assemble and analyse de novo transcriptomes. The transcriptome sequences are deposited in the BacHBerryGEN database (http://jicbio.nbi.ac.uk/berries) and were used, as a proof of concept, via its BLAST portal (http://jicbio.nbi.ac.uk/berries/blast.html) to identify candidate genes involved in the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoid compounds. Genes encoding regulatory proteins of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway (MYB and basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors and WD40 repeat proteins) were isolated using the transcriptomic resources of wild blackberry (Rubus genevieri) and cultivated red raspberry (Rubus idaeus cv. Prestige) and were shown to activate anthocyanin synthesis in Nicotiana benthamiana. Expression patterns of candidate flavonoid gene transcripts were also studied across three fruit developmental stages via the BacHBerryEXP gene expression browser (http://www.bachberryexp.com) in R. genevieri and R. idaeus cv. Prestige. CONCLUSIONS We report a transcriptome resource that includes data for a wide range of berry(-like) fruit species that has been developed for gene identification and functional analysis to assist in berry fruit improvement. These resources will enable investigations of metabolic processes in berries beyond the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway analysed in this study. The RNA-seq data will be useful for studies of berry fruit development and to select wild plant species useful for plant breeding purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vera Thole
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK
| | - Jean-Etienne Bassard
- Department of Plant and Environmental Science, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Present address: Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, CNRS, University of Strasbourg, 12 Rue General Zimmer, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Martin Trick
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK
| | - Bijan Ghasemi Afshar
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK
| | - Dario Breitel
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK
- Present address: Tropic Biosciences UK LTD, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UG UK
| | - Lionel Hill
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK
| | | | | | - Sabine Freitag
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA UK
| | - Cláudia Nunes dos Santos
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Av. República, Qta. do Marquês, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Rua Câmara Pestana 6, 1150-082 Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Regina Menezes
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Av. República, Qta. do Marquês, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Rua Câmara Pestana 6, 1150-082 Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Pilar Bañados
- Facultad De Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna Ote, 4860 Macul, Chile
| | | | - Liangsheng Wang
- Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093 China
| | - Artem Sorokin
- Fruit Crops Genetic Resources Department, N. I. Vavilov Research Institute of Plant Industry, B. Morskaya Street 42-44, St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia
| | - Olga Tikhonova
- Fruit Crops Genetic Resources Department, N. I. Vavilov Research Institute of Plant Industry, B. Morskaya Street 42-44, St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia
| | - Tatiana Shelenga
- Fruit Crops Genetic Resources Department, N. I. Vavilov Research Institute of Plant Industry, B. Morskaya Street 42-44, St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia
| | - Derek Stewart
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA UK
- Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Philippe Vain
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK
| | - Cathie Martin
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Amato A, Cavallini E, Walker AR, Pezzotti M, Bliek M, Quattrocchio F, Koes R, Ruperti B, Bertini E, Zenoni S, Tornielli GB. The MYB5-driven MBW complex recruits a WRKY factor to enhance the expression of targets involved in vacuolar hyper-acidification and trafficking in grapevine. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 99:1220-1241. [PMID: 31125454 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of secondary metabolites and the regulation of tissue acidity contribute to the important traits of grape berry and influence plant performance in response to abiotic and biotic factors. In several plant species a highly conserved MYB-bHLH-WD (MBW) transcriptional regulatory complex controls flavonoid pigment synthesis and transport, and vacuolar acidification in epidermal cells. An additional component, represented by a WRKY-type transcription factor, physically interacts with the complex increasing the expression of some target genes and adding specificity for other targets. Here we investigated the function of MBW(W) complexes involving two MYBs (VvMYB5a and VvMYB5b) and the WRKY factor VvWRKY26 in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). Using transgenic grapevine plants we showed that these complexes affected different aspects of morphology, plant development, pH regulation, and pigment accumulation. Transcriptomic analysis identified a core set of putative target genes controlled by VvMYB5a, VvMYB5b, and VvWRKY26 in different tissues. Our data indicated that VvWRKY26 enhances the expression of selected target genes induced by VvMYB5a/b. Among these targets are genes involved in vacuolar hyper-acidification, such as the P-type ATPases VvPH5 and VvPH1, and trafficking, and genes involved in the biosynthesis of flavonoids. In addition, VvWRKY26 is recruited specifically by VvMYB5a, reflecting the functional diversification of VvMYB5a and VvMYB5b. The expression of MBWW complexes in vegetative organs, such as leaves, indicates a possible function of vacuolar hyper-acidification in the repulsion of herbivores and/or in developmental processes, as shown by defects in transgenic grape plants where the complex is inactivated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Amato
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Erika Cavallini
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Amanda R Walker
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mario Pezzotti
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Mattijs Bliek
- Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1090GE, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Francesca Quattrocchio
- Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1090GE, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ronald Koes
- Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1090GE, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Benedetto Ruperti
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Edoardo Bertini
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Sara Zenoni
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Paauw M, Koes R, Quattrocchio FM. Alteration of flavonoid pigmentation patterns during domestication of food crops. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:3719-3735. [PMID: 30949670 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are plant pigments that provide health benefits for human and animal consumers. Understanding why domesticated crops have altered pigmentation patterns and unraveling the molecular/genetic mechanisms that underlie this will facilitate the breeding of new (healthier) varieties. We present an overview of changes in flavonoid pigmentation patterns that have occurred during crop domestication and, where possible, link them to the molecular changes that brought about the new phenotypes. We consider species that lost flavonoid pigmentation in the edible part of the plant at some point during domestication (like cereals). We also consider the converse situation, for example eggplant (aubergine), which instead gained strong anthocyanin accumulation in the skin of the fruit during domestication, and some varieties of citrus and apple that acquired anthocyanins in the fruit flesh. Interestingly, the genes responsible for such changes are sometimes closely linked to, or have pleiotropic effects on, important domestication genes, suggesting accidental and perhaps inevitable changes of anthocyanin patterning during domestication. In other cases, flavonoid pigmentation patterns in domesticated crops are the result of cultural preferences, with examples being found in varieties of citrus, barley, wheat, and maize. Finally, and more recently, in some species, anthocyanins seem to have been the direct target of selection in a second wave of domestication that followed the introduction of industrial food processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Misha Paauw
- Plant Development and (Epi)Genetics, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park, XH, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ronald Koes
- Plant Development and (Epi)Genetics, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park, XH, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ma B, Liao L, Fang T, Peng Q, Ogutu C, Zhou H, Ma F, Han Y. A Ma10 gene encoding P-type ATPase is involved in fruit organic acid accumulation in apple. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 17:674-686. [PMID: 30183123 PMCID: PMC6381788 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Acidity is one of the main determinants of fruit organoleptic quality. Here, comparative transcriptome analysis was conducted between two cultivars that showed a significant difference in fruit acidity, but contained homozygous non-functional alleles at the major gene Ma1 locus controlling apple fruit acidity. A candidate gene for fruit acidity, designated M10, was identified. The M10 gene encodes a P-type proton pump, P3A -ATPase, which facilitates malate uptake into the vacuole. The Ma10 gene is significantly associated with fruit malate content, accounting for ~7.5% of the observed phenotypic variation in apple germplasm. Subcellular localization assay showed that the Ma10 is targeted to the tonoplast. Overexpression of the Ma10 gene can complement the defect in proton transport of the mutant YAK2 yeast strain and enhance the accumulation of malic acid in apple callus. Moreover, its ectopic expression in tomato induces a decrease in fruit pH. These results suggest that the Ma10 gene has the capacity for proton pumping and plays an important role in fruit vacuolar acidification in apple. Our study provides useful knowledge towards comprehensive understanding of the complex mechanism regulating apple fruit acidity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baiquan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty AgricultureWuhan Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of AppleCollege of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Liao Liao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty AgricultureWuhan Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
- Sino‐African Joint Research CenterChinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
| | - Ting Fang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty AgricultureWuhan Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Qian Peng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty AgricultureWuhan Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Collins Ogutu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty AgricultureWuhan Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Hui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty AgricultureWuhan Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
- Sino‐African Joint Research CenterChinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of AppleCollege of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Yuepeng Han
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty AgricultureWuhan Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
- Sino‐African Joint Research CenterChinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Strazzer P, Spelt CE, Li S, Bliek M, Federici CT, Roose ML, Koes R, Quattrocchio FM. Hyperacidification of Citrus fruits by a vacuolar proton-pumping P-ATPase complex. Nat Commun 2019; 10:744. [PMID: 30808865 PMCID: PMC6391481 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08516-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The sour taste of Citrus fruits is due to the extreme acidification of vacuoles in juice vesicle cells via a mechanism that remained elusive. Genetic analysis in petunia identified two vacuolar P-ATPases, PH1 and PH5, which determine flower color by hyperacidifying petal cell vacuoles. Here we show that Citrus homologs, CitPH1 and CitPH5, are expressed in sour lemon, orange, pummelo and rangpur lime fruits, while their expression is strongly reduced in sweet-tasting “acidless” varieties. Down-regulation of CitPH1 and CitPH5 is associated with mutations that disrupt expression of MYB, HLH and/or WRKY transcription factors homologous to those activating PH1 and PH5 in petunia. These findings address a long-standing enigma in cell biology and provide targets to engineer or select for taste in Citrus and other fruits. The sour taste of citrus fruit results from the extremely low pH of juice vesicle cell vacuoles. Here the authors provide genetic evidence that a vacuolar P-type ATPase, that is known to determine flower color in petunia via vacuolar acidification, is also responsible for extreme acidification in citrus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Strazzer
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis E Spelt
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Shuangjiang Li
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mattijs Bliek
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Claire T Federici
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Mikeal L Roose
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Ronald Koes
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Francesca M Quattrocchio
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lai B, Du LN, Hu B, Wang D, Huang XM, Zhao JT, Wang HC, Hu GB. Characterization of a novel litchi R2R3-MYB transcription factor that involves in anthocyanin biosynthesis and tissue acidification. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:62. [PMID: 30732564 PMCID: PMC6367832 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1658-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maturation of litchi (Litchi chinensis) fruit is characterized by dramatic changes in pigments in the pericarp and flavor compounds in the aril. Among them, the biosynthesis of anthocyanins is most noticeable. Previous studies showed that LcMYB1 and LcbHLH transcription factors participated in regulating the anthocyanin biosynthesis in litchi. However, the roles of other MYB factors remain unclear. RESULTS In this study, we cloned and characterized the function of LcMYB5, a novel R2R3-MYB identified from litchi transcriptome. Although LcMYB5 was constitutively expressed in litchi tissues and its expressions was not correlated with tissue coloration, overexpression of LcMYB5 resulted in enhanced biosynthesis of anthocyanins in tobacco and petunia concurrent with the up-regulation of their endogenous bHLHs and key structural genes in anthocyanin precursor biosynthesis. These results indicate that LcMYB5 is an R2R3 transcriptional factor regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis either by directly activating the expression of key structural genes such as DFR or by indirectly up regulating the expressions of endogenous bHLH regulators. More interestingly, the pH values in petals and leaves from transgenic lines were significant lower than those in both untransformed tobacco and petunia, indicating LcMYB5 is also associated with pH regulation. The expressions of LcMYB5 and its bHLH partner LcbHLH1 were consistent with the expression of putative tissue acidification gene LcPH1, and the changes in malic acid provided further evidence for the close relationship between LcMYB5 and tissue acidification. CONCLUSIONS Taking together, our study indicated that LcMYB5 is involved in not only anthocyanin biosynthesis but also tissue acidification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biao Lai
- School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, Fuling, 408100 China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources/ Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Li-Na Du
- School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, Fuling, 408100 China
| | - Bing Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources/ Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources/ Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Xu-Ming Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources/ Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Jie-Tang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources/ Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Hui-Cong Wang
- School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, Fuling, 408100 China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources/ Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Gui-bing Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources/ Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chen W, Si GY, Zhao G, Abdullah M, Guo N, Li DH, Sun X, Cai YP, Lin Y, Gao JS. Genomic Comparison of the P-ATPase Gene Family in Four Cotton Species and Their Expression Patterns in Gossypium hirsutum. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23051092. [PMID: 29734726 PMCID: PMC6102550 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant P-type H+-ATPase (P-ATPase) is a membrane protein existing in the plasma membrane that plays an important role in the transmembrane transport of plant cells. To understand the variety and quantity of P-ATPase proteins in different cotton species, we combined four databases from two diploid cotton species (Gossypium raimondii and G. arboreum) and two tetraploid cotton species (G. hirsutum and G. barbadense) to screen the P-ATPase gene family and resolved the evolutionary relationships between the former cotton species. We identified 53, 51, 99 and 98 P-ATPase genes from G. arboretum, G. raimondii, G. barbadense and G. hirsutum, respectively. The structural and phylogenetic analyses revealed that the gene structure was consistent between P-ATPase genes, with a close evolutionary relationship. The expression analysis of P-ATPase genes showed that many P-ATPase genes were highly expressed in various tissues and at different fiber developmental stages in G. hirsutum, suggesting that they have potential functions during growth and fiber development in cotton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Guo-Yang Si
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Gang Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Muhammad Abdullah
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Ning Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Da-Hui Li
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Xu Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Yong-Ping Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Yi Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Jun-Shan Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Faraco M, Li Y, Li S, Spelt C, Di Sansebastiano GP, Reale L, Ferranti F, Verweij W, Koes R, Quattrocchio FM. A Tonoplast P 3B-ATPase Mediates Fusion of Two Types of Vacuoles in Petal Cells. Cell Rep 2018. [PMID: 28636930 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.05.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that plant cells can contain multiple distinct vacuoles; however, the abundance of multivacuolar cells and the mechanisms underlying vacuolar differentiation and communication among different types of vacuoles remain unknown. PH1 and PH5 are tonoplast P-ATPases that form a heteromeric pump that hyper-acidifies the central vacuole (CV) of epidermal cells in petunia petals. Here, we show that the sorting of this pump and other vacuolar proteins to the CV involves transit through small vacuoles: vacuolinos. Vacuolino formation is controlled by transcription factors regulating pigment synthesis and transcription of PH1 and PH5. Trafficking of proteins from vacuolinos to the central vacuole is impaired by misexpression of vacuolar SNAREs as well as mutants for the PH1 component of the PH1-PH5 pump. The finding that PH1-PH5 and these SNAREs interact strongly suggests that structural tonoplast proteins can act as tethering factors in the recognition of different vacuolar types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Faraco
- Plant Development and (Epi)Genetics, Swammerdam Institute for Life Science, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Section of Genetics, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, VU University, de Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences, University of Salento, via Monteroni, Centro Ecotekne, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Yanbang Li
- Plant Development and (Epi)Genetics, Swammerdam Institute for Life Science, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Section of Genetics, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, VU University, de Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Shuangjiang Li
- Plant Development and (Epi)Genetics, Swammerdam Institute for Life Science, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Section of Genetics, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, VU University, de Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelis Spelt
- Plant Development and (Epi)Genetics, Swammerdam Institute for Life Science, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Section of Genetics, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, VU University, de Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gian Pietro Di Sansebastiano
- Department of Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences, University of Salento, via Monteroni, Centro Ecotekne, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Lara Reale
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Ferranti
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Walter Verweij
- Section of Genetics, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, VU University, de Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ronald Koes
- Plant Development and (Epi)Genetics, Swammerdam Institute for Life Science, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Section of Genetics, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, VU University, de Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Francesca M Quattrocchio
- Plant Development and (Epi)Genetics, Swammerdam Institute for Life Science, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Section of Genetics, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, VU University, de Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Morita Y, Hoshino A. Recent advances in flower color variation and patterning of Japanese morning glory and petunia. BREEDING SCIENCE 2018; 68:128-138. [PMID: 29681755 PMCID: PMC5903981 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.17107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The Japanese morning glory (Ipomoea nil) and petunia (Petunia hybrida), locally called "Asagao" and "Tsukubane-asagao", respectively, are popular garden plants. They have been utilized as model plants for studying the genetic basis of floricultural traits, especially anthocyanin pigmentation in flower petals. In their long history of genetic studies, many mutations affecting flower pigmentation have been characterized, and both structural and regulatory genes for the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway have been identified. In this review, we will summarize recent advances in the understanding of flower pigmentation in the two species with respect to flower hue and color patterning. Regarding flower hue, we will describe a novel enhancer of flavonoid production that controls the intensity of flower pigmentation, new aspects related to a flavonoid glucosyltransferase that has been known for a long time, and the regulatory mechanisms of vacuolar pH being a key determinant of red and blue coloration. On color patterning, we describe particular flower patterns regulated by epigenetic and RNA-silencing mechanisms. As high-quality whole genome sequences of the Japanese morning glory and petunia wild parents (P. axillaris and P. inflata, respectively) were published in 2016, further study on flower pigmentation will be accelerated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasumasa Morita
- Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University,
Kasugai, Aichi 486-0804,
Japan
- Corresponding author (e-mail: )
| | - Atsushi Hoshino
- National Institute for Basic Biology,
Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585,
Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies),
Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585,
Japan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Okitsu N, Noda N, Chandler S, Tanaka Y. Flower Color and Its Engineering by Genetic Modification. HANDBOOK OF PLANT BREEDING 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-90698-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
26
|
Amato A, Cavallini E, Zenoni S, Finezzo L, Begheldo M, Ruperti B, Tornielli GB. A Grapevine TTG2-Like WRKY Transcription Factor Is Involved in Regulating Vacuolar Transport and Flavonoid Biosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1979. [PMID: 28105033 PMCID: PMC5214514 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A small set of TTG2-like homolog proteins from different species belonging to the WRKY family of transcription factors were shown to share a similar mechanism of action and to control partially conserved biochemical/developmental processes in their native species. In particular, by activating P-ATPases residing on the tonoplast, PH3 from Petunia hybrida promotes vacuolar acidification in petal epidermal cells whereas TTG2 from Arabidopsis thaliana enables the accumulation of proanthocyanidins in the seed coat. In this work we functionally characterized VvWRKY26 identified as the closest grapevine homolog of PhPH3 and AtTTG2. When constitutively expressed in petunia ph3 mutant, VvWRKY26 can fulfill the PH3 function in the regulation of vacuolar pH and restores the wild type pigmentation phenotype. By a global correlation analysis of gene expression and by transient over-expression in Vitis vinifera, we showed transcriptomic relationships of VvWRKY26 with many genes related to vacuolar acidification and transport in grapevine. Moreover, our results indicate an involvement in flavonoid pathway possibly restricted to the control of proanthocyanidin biosynthesis that is consistent with its expression pattern in grape berry tissues. Overall, the results show that, in addition to regulative mechanisms and biological roles shared with TTG2-like orthologs, VvWRKY26 can play roles in fleshy fruit development that have not been previously reported in studies from dry fruit species. This study paves the way toward the comprehension of the regulatory network controlling vacuolar acidification and flavonoid accumulation mechanisms that contribute to the final berry quality traits in grapevine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Erika Cavallini
- Department of Biotechnology, University of VeronaVerona, Italy
| | - Sara Zenoni
- Department of Biotechnology, University of VeronaVerona, Italy
| | - Laura Finezzo
- Department of Biotechnology, University of VeronaVerona, Italy
| | - Maura Begheldo
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of PadovaPadova, Italy
| | - Benedetto Ruperti
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of PadovaPadova, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|