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Tsukada H, Saito T, Hirayama T, Matsuoka H, Nakao A. Variation of 137Cs activity concentration in flood and pore water in paddy fields and its transfer to rice. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2024; 278:107492. [PMID: 38964006 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2024.107492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Caesium-137 (137Cs) is a major anthropogenic radionuclide released into the environment as a result of the TEPCO Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Reactor Station accident (occurring on March 11, 2011). Rice, being a staple food in Asian countries, including Japan, and is predominantly cultivated in paddy fields. Consequently, 137Cs present in rice is absorbed from both soil and irrigation water, making it the most important crop for estimating internal radiation doses. In this study, over the 2018-2022 cultivation periods, flood water and pore water samples were collected biweekly from paddy fields. These samples were analyzed to measure the 137Cs activity concentration, as well as the potassium (K+) and ammonium (NH4+) concentrations. Under anaerobic conditions, the 137Cs + activity concentration in pore water increased markedly to reach a value 20-fold higher than that in flood water, correlating with NH4+ concentration. However, despite the release of 137Cs + caused by increased NH4+ concentrations in pore water due to reduction processes, the 137Cs+/K+ ratio did not increase, which was attributed to the simultaneous release of K+. The competition between 137Cs+ and K+ uptake by plants indicates that rice uptake of 137Cs is not necessarily enhanced during the waterlogging period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Tsukada
- Institute of Environmental Radioactivity, Fukushima University, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima-shi, Fukushima, 960-1296, Japan.
| | - Takashi Saito
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Fukushima Prefecture, 2-16 Sugitsuma-cho, Fukushima-shi, Fukushima, 960-8670, Japan
| | - Takashi Hirayama
- Hama Agricultural Regeneration Research Centre, Fukushima Prefectural Agricultural Technology Centre, 45-169 Kaibamasukakeba, Haramachi-ku, Minamisoma, Fukushima, 975-0036, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Matsuoka
- Hama Agricultural Regeneration Research Centre, Fukushima Prefectural Agricultural Technology Centre, 45-169 Kaibamasukakeba, Haramachi-ku, Minamisoma, Fukushima, 975-0036, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakao
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, 1-5 Shimogamohangi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8522, Japan
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2
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Sakuma K, Tsuji H, Hayashi S, Funaki H, Malins A, Yoshimura K, Kurikami H, Kitamura A, Iijima K, Hosomi M. Applicability of K d for modelling dissolved 137Cs concentrations in Fukushima river water: Case study of the upstream Ota River. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2019; 210:105815. [PMID: 30340874 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A study is presented on the applicability of the distribution coefficient (Kd) absorption/desorption model to simulate dissolved 137Cs concentrations in Fukushima river water. The upstream Ota River basin was simulated using GEneral-purpose Terrestrial Fluid-flow Simulator (GETFLOWS) for the period 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2015. Good agreement was obtained between the simulations and observations on water and suspended sediment fluxes, and on particulate bound 137Cs concentrations under both base and high flow conditions. By contrast the measured concentrations of dissolved 137Cs in the river water were much harder to reproduce with the simulations. By tuning the Kd values for large particles, it was possible to reproduce the mean dissolved 137Cs concentrations during base flow periods (observation: 0.32 Bq/L, simulation: 0.36 Bq/L). However neither the seasonal variability in the base flow dissolved 137Cs concentrations (0.14-0.53 Bq/L), nor the peaks in concentration that occurred during storms (0.18-0.88 Bq/L, mean: 0.55 Bq/L), could be reproduced with realistic simulation parameters. These discrepancies may be explained by microbial action and leaching from organic matter in forest litter providing an additional input of dissolved 137Cs to rivers, particularly over summer, and limitations of the Kd absorption/desorption model. It is recommended that future studies investigate these issues in order to improve simulations of dissolved 137Cs concentrations in Fukushima rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Sakuma
- Sector of Fukushima Research and Development, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 10-2, Fukasaku, Miharu-machi, Tamura-gun, Fukushima 963-7700, Japan; Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
| | - Hideki Tsuji
- Fukushima Branch, National Institute of Environmental Studies, 10-2, Fukasaku, Miharu-machi, Tamura-gun, Fukushima 963-7700, Japan
| | - Seiji Hayashi
- Fukushima Branch, National Institute of Environmental Studies, 10-2, Fukasaku, Miharu-machi, Tamura-gun, Fukushima 963-7700, Japan
| | - Hironori Funaki
- Sector of Fukushima Research and Development, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 10-2, Fukasaku, Miharu-machi, Tamura-gun, Fukushima 963-7700, Japan
| | - Alex Malins
- Center for Computational Science & e-Systems, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, University of Tokyo Kashiwanoha Campus Satellite, 178-4-4 Wakashiba, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba 277-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuya Yoshimura
- Sector of Fukushima Research and Development, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 10-2, Fukasaku, Miharu-machi, Tamura-gun, Fukushima 963-7700, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kurikami
- Sector of Fukushima Research and Development, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 10-2, Fukasaku, Miharu-machi, Tamura-gun, Fukushima 963-7700, Japan; Center for Computational Science & e-Systems, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, University of Tokyo Kashiwanoha Campus Satellite, 178-4-4 Wakashiba, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba 277-0871, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kitamura
- Sector of Fukushima Research and Development, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 10-2, Fukasaku, Miharu-machi, Tamura-gun, Fukushima 963-7700, Japan; Center for Computational Science & e-Systems, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, University of Tokyo Kashiwanoha Campus Satellite, 178-4-4 Wakashiba, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba 277-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuki Iijima
- Sector of Fukushima Research and Development, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 10-2, Fukasaku, Miharu-machi, Tamura-gun, Fukushima 963-7700, Japan
| | - Masaaki Hosomi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
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Okada T, Yamane S, Yamaguchi M, Kato K, Shinmyo A, Tsunemitsu Y, Iwasaki K, Ueno D, Demura T. Characterization of rice KT/HAK/KUP potassium transporters and K + uptake by HAK1 from Oryza sativa. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2018; 35:101-111. [PMID: 31819712 PMCID: PMC6879396 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.18.0308a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plant high-affinity K+ (HAK) transporters are divided into four major clusters. Cluster I transporters, in particular, are thought to have high-affinity for K+. Of the 27 HAK genes in rice, eight HAK transporters belong to cluster I. In this study, we investigated the temporal expression patterns during K+ deficiency and K+ transport activity of these eight HAK transporters. The expression of seven HAK genes except OsHAK20 was detected. Expression of OsHAK1, OsHAK5 and OsHAK21 was induced in response to K+ deficiency; however, that of other genes was not. Six of the eight HAK transporters-OsHAK1, OsHAK5, OsHAK19, OsHAK20, OsHAK21, and OsHAK27-complemented the K+-transporter-deficient yeast or bacterial strain. Further, the yeast cells expressing OsHAK1 were more sensitive to Na+ than those expressing OsHAK5. Mutant analysis showed that the high-affinity K+ uptake activity was almost undetectable in oshak1 mutants in a low-K+ medium (0.02 mM). In addition, the high-affinity K+ uptake activity of wild-type plants was inhibited by mild salt stress (20 mM NaCl); however, Na+ permeability of OsHAK1 was not detected in Escherichia coli cells. The high-affinity K+ uptake activity by leaf blades was detected in wild-type plants, while it was not detected in oshak1 mutants. Our results suggest that OsHAK1 and OsHAK5 are the two important components of cluster I corresponding to low-K+ conditions, and that the transport activity of OsHAK1, unlike that of OsHAK5, is sensitive to Na+. Further, OsHAK1 is suggested to involve in foliar K+ uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Okada
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kochi University, 200 Otsu Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
- Kochi Agricultural Research Center, 1100 Hataeda, Nankoku, Kochi 783-0023, Japan
- E-mail: Tel & Fax: +81-88-864-5179
| | - Sousuke Yamane
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kochi University, 200 Otsu Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Biological Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Ohkubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Ko Kato
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Shinmyo
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yuta Tsunemitsu
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kochi University, 200 Otsu Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan
| | - Kozo Iwasaki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kochi University, 200 Otsu Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan
| | - Daisei Ueno
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kochi University, 200 Otsu Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan
| | - Taku Demura
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
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Sakuma K, Tsuji H, Hayashi S, Funaki H, Malins A, Yoshimura K, Kurikami H, Kitamura A, Iijima K, Hosomi M. Applicability of K d for modelling dissolved 137Cs concentrations in Fukushima river water: Case study of the upstream Ota River. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2018; 184-185:53-62. [PMID: 29353199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A study is presented on the applicability of the distribution coefficient (Kd) absorption/desorption model to simulate dissolved 137Cs concentrations in Fukushima river water. The upstream Ota River basin was simulated using GEneral-purpose Terrestrial Fluid-flow Simulator (GETFLOWS) for the period 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2015. Good agreement was obtained between the simulations and observations on water and suspended sediment fluxes, and on particulate bound 137Cs concentrations under both base and high flow conditions. By contrast the measured concentrations of dissolved 137Cs in the river water were much harder to reproduce with the simulations. By tuning the Kd values for large particles, it was possible to reproduce the mean dissolved 137Cs concentrations during base flow periods (observation: 0.32 Bq/L, simulation: 0.36 Bq/L). However neither the seasonal variability in the base flow dissolved 137Cs concentrations (0.14-0.53 Bq/L), nor the peaks in concentration that occurred during storms (0.18-0.88 Bq/L, mean: 0.55 Bq/L), could be reproduced with realistic simulation parameters. These discrepancies may be explained by microbial action and leaching from organic matter in forest litter providing an additional input of dissolved 137Cs to rivers, particularly over summer, and limitations of the Kd absorption/desorption model. It is recommended that future studies investigate these issues in order to improve simulations of dissolved 137Cs concentrations in Fukushima rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Sakuma
- Sector of Fukushima Research and Development, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 10-2, Fukasaku, Miharu-machi, Tamura-gun, Fukushima 963-7700, Japan; Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
| | - Hideki Tsuji
- Fukushima Branch, National Institute of Environmental Studies, 10-2, Fukasaku, Miharu-machi, Tamura-gun, Fukushima 963-7700, Japan
| | - Seiji Hayashi
- Fukushima Branch, National Institute of Environmental Studies, 10-2, Fukasaku, Miharu-machi, Tamura-gun, Fukushima 963-7700, Japan
| | - Hironori Funaki
- Sector of Fukushima Research and Development, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 10-2, Fukasaku, Miharu-machi, Tamura-gun, Fukushima 963-7700, Japan
| | - Alex Malins
- Center for Computational Science & e-Systems, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, University of Tokyo Kashiwanoha Campus Satellite, 178-4-4 Wakashiba, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba 277-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuya Yoshimura
- Sector of Fukushima Research and Development, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 10-2, Fukasaku, Miharu-machi, Tamura-gun, Fukushima 963-7700, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kurikami
- Sector of Fukushima Research and Development, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 10-2, Fukasaku, Miharu-machi, Tamura-gun, Fukushima 963-7700, Japan; Center for Computational Science & e-Systems, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, University of Tokyo Kashiwanoha Campus Satellite, 178-4-4 Wakashiba, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba 277-0871, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kitamura
- Sector of Fukushima Research and Development, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 10-2, Fukasaku, Miharu-machi, Tamura-gun, Fukushima 963-7700, Japan; Center for Computational Science & e-Systems, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, University of Tokyo Kashiwanoha Campus Satellite, 178-4-4 Wakashiba, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba 277-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuki Iijima
- Sector of Fukushima Research and Development, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 10-2, Fukasaku, Miharu-machi, Tamura-gun, Fukushima 963-7700, Japan
| | - Masaaki Hosomi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
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5
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Fernández V, Bahamonde HA, Javier Peguero-Pina J, Gil-Pelegrín E, Sancho-Knapik D, Gil L, Goldbach HE, Eichert T. Physico-chemical properties of plant cuticles and their functional and ecological significance. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:5293-5306. [PMID: 28992247 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Most aerial plant surfaces are covered with a lipid-rich cuticle, which is a barrier for the bidirectional transport of substances between the plant and the surrounding environment. This review article provides an overview of the significance of the leaf cuticle as a barrier for the deposition and absorption of water and electrolytes. After providing insights into the physico-chemical properties of plant surfaces, the mechanisms of foliar absorption are revised with special emphasis on solutes. Due to the limited information and relative importance of the leaf cuticle of herbaceous and deciduous cultivated plants, an overview of the studies developed with Alpine conifers and treeline species is provided. The significance of foliar water uptake as a phenomenon of ecophysiological relevance in many areas of the world is also highlighted. Given the observed variability in structure and composition among, for example, plant species and organs, it is concluded that it is currently not possible to establish general permeability and wettability models that are valid for predicting liquid-surface interactions and the subsequent transport of water and electrolytes across plant surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Fernández
- Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology Research Group, School of Forest Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Hector A Bahamonde
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), cc 332, 9400 Río Gallegos, Santa Cruz, Argentina
| | - José Javier Peguero-Pina
- Unidad de Recursos Forestales, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria, Gobierno de Aragón, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Eustaquio Gil-Pelegrín
- Unidad de Recursos Forestales, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria, Gobierno de Aragón, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Domingo Sancho-Knapik
- Unidad de Recursos Forestales, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria, Gobierno de Aragón, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Luis Gil
- Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology Research Group, School of Forest Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Heiner E Goldbach
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Department of Plant Nutrition, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Eichert
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Department of Plant Nutrition, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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Lutter G, Hult M, Marissens G, Stroh H, Tzika F. A gamma-ray spectrometry analysis software environment. Appl Radiat Isot 2017; 134:200-204. [PMID: 28690097 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2017.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
At the JRC-Geel's RadioNuclide Metrology sector, a Monte Carlo code based on EGSnrc, and a general purpose calculation sheet implemented in Microsoft Excel®, have been developed to make the quantitative gamma-ray spectrometry analysis of samples simpler and more robust. The further aim is that the software can be used by non-experts in gamma-ray spectrometry e.g. external researchers using JRC-Geel's facilities through the EUFRAT transnational access scheme. This paper presents the developed Monte Carlo software and the functionality included in the calculation sheet.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Lutter
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC-Geel), Retieseweg 111, B-2440 Geel, Belgium.
| | - M Hult
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC-Geel), Retieseweg 111, B-2440 Geel, Belgium
| | - G Marissens
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC-Geel), Retieseweg 111, B-2440 Geel, Belgium
| | - H Stroh
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC-Geel), Retieseweg 111, B-2440 Geel, Belgium
| | - F Tzika
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC-Geel), Retieseweg 111, B-2440 Geel, Belgium
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