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Zheng W, Wu Q, Guo X, Zhou P, Wu J, Yan W. Rocky desertification succession alters soil microbial communities and survival strategies in the karst context. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:172171. [PMID: 38575035 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Rocky desertification is one of the most ecological problems in the karst context. Although extensive research has been conducted to explore how to restore and protect, the responses of soil fungi and archaea to rocky desertification succession remain limited. Here, four grades of rocky desertification in a karst ecosystem were selected, amplicon sequencing analysis was conducted to investigate fungal and archaeal community adaptation in response to rocky desertification succession. Our findings revealed that the diversity and community structure of fungi and archaea in soils declined with the aggravation of rocky desertification. As the rocky desertification succession intensified, microbial interactions shifted from cooperation to competition. Microbial survival strategies were K-strategist and r-strategist dominated in the early and late stages of succession, respectively. Additionally, the driving factors affecting microorganisms have shifted from vegetation diversity to soil properties as the intensification of rocky desertification. Collectively, our study highlighted that plant diversity and soil properties play important roles on soil microbiomes in fragile karst ecosystems and that environmental factors induced by human activities might still be the dominant factor exacerbating rocky desertification, which could significantly enrich our understanding of microbial ecology within karst ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China; Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha 410004, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry & Ecology in South China, Changsha 410004, PR China
| | - Qian Wu
- Faculty of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anshun University, Anshun 561000, China.
| | - Xiaobin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, PR China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, PR China
| | - Jinshui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, PR China
| | - Wende Yan
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha 410004, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry & Ecology in South China, Changsha 410004, PR China.
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Hou M, Zhu Y, Chen H, Wen Y. Chiral herbicide imazethapy influences plant-soil feedback on nitrogen metabolism by shaping rhizosphere microorganisms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:18625-18635. [PMID: 38351351 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32393-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Herbicides are known to affect the soil nitrogen cycle by shaping soil microorganisms. However, it is not clear how herbicides regulate diverse transformation processes of soil nitrogen cycling by altering rhizosphere microorganisms, subsequently influencing the feedback to plant nitrogen metabolism. Here, we investigated how imazethapyr (IM) enantiomers drive plant-soil feedback on nitrogen metabolism by altering the rhizosphere microorganisms. The results indicated that (R)- and (S)-IM significantly changed the composition and structure rhizosphere microbiome with enantioselectivity and functional changes in microbial communities were associated with soil nitrogen circulation. The determination of nitrogen-cycling functional genes further supported the above findings. The results revealed that (R)- and (S)-IM could change the abundance of nitrogen-cycling functional genes by changing specific bacteria abundances, such as Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Acidobacteria, thus resulting in diverse nitrogen transformation processes. The alternation of nitrogen transformation processes indicated (R)-IM exhibited a more notable tendency to form a nitrogen cycling pattern with lower energy cost and higher nitrogen retention than (S)-IM. Sterilization experiments demonstrated changes in soil nitrogen cycling drive plant nitrogen metabolism and rhizosphere microorganisms are responsible for the above process of plant-soil feedback for nitrogen metabolism. Under IM enantiomer treatments, rhizosphere microorganisms might stimulate glutamate synthesis by promoting NH4+ uptake and glutamine-glutamate synthesis cycling in roots, thus contributing to positive feedback, with (R)-IM treatments showing more pronounced positive feedback on nitrogen metabolism than (S)-IM treatments. Our results provide theoretical support for determining the mechanism by which IM enantiomers drive plant-soil nitrogen metabolism by changing the rhizosphere microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengchun Hou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation & Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Youfeng Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation & Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Agricultural Germplasm Resources Mining and Environmental Regulation, College of Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Cixi, 315300, China
| | - Yuezhong Wen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation & Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Zhao J, Wang Z, Jiao R, Wan Q, Wang L, Li L, Yang Y, Munir S. P-hydroxybenzoic acid positively affect the Fusarium oxysporum to stimulate root rot in Panax notoginseng. J Ginseng Res 2024; 48:229-235. [PMID: 38465213 PMCID: PMC10920001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Plant health is directly related to the change in native microbial diversity and changes in soil health have been implicated as one of the main cause of root rot. However, scarce information is present regarding allelopathic relationship of Panax notoginseng root exudates and pathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporum in a continuous cropping system. Methods We analyzed P. notoginseng root exudate in the planting soil for three successive years to determine phenolic acid concentration using GC-MS and HPLC followed by effect on the microbial community assembly. Antioxidant enzymes were checked in the roots to confirm possible resistance in P. notoginseng. Results Total 29 allelochemicals in the planting soil extract was found with highest concentration (10.54 %) of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. The HPLC showing a year-by-year decrease in p-hydroxybenzoic acid content in soil of different planting years, and an increase in population of F. oxysporum. Moreover, community analysis displayed negative correlation with 2.22 mmol. L-1 of p-hydroxybenzoic acid correspond to an 18.1 % population of F. oxysporum. Furthermore, in vitro plate assay indicates that medium dose of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (2.5-5 mmol. L-1) can stimulate the growth of F. oxysporum colonies and the production of macroconidia, as well as cell wall-degrading enzymes. We found that 2-3 mmol. L-1 of p-hydroxybenzoic acid significantly increased the population of F. oxysporum. Conclusion In conclusion, our study suggested that p-hydroxybenzoic acid have negative effect on the root system and modified the rhizosphere microbiome so that the host plant became more susceptible to root rot disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- College of Chemistry Biology and the Environment, Yuxi Normal University, Yuxi, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhandi Wang
- College of Chemistry Biology and the Environment, Yuxi Normal University, Yuxi, Yunnan, China
| | - Rong Jiao
- College of Chemistry Biology and the Environment, Yuxi Normal University, Yuxi, Yunnan, China
| | - Qionglian Wan
- College of Chemistry Biology and the Environment, Yuxi Normal University, Yuxi, Yunnan, China
| | - Lianchun Wang
- College of Chemistry Biology and the Environment, Yuxi Normal University, Yuxi, Yunnan, China
| | - Liangxing Li
- College of Chemistry Biology and the Environment, Yuxi Normal University, Yuxi, Yunnan, China
| | - Yali Yang
- College of Chemistry Biology and the Environment, Yuxi Normal University, Yuxi, Yunnan, China
| | - Shahzad Munir
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Ghitti E, Rolli E, Vergani L, Borin S. Flavonoids influence key rhizocompetence traits for early root colonization and PCB degradation potential of Paraburkholderia xenovorans LB400. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1325048. [PMID: 38371405 PMCID: PMC10869545 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1325048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Flavonoids are among the main plant root exudation components, and, in addition to their role in symbiosis, they can broadly affect the functionality of plant-associated microbes: in polluted environments, for instance, flavonoids can induce the expression of the enzymatic degradative machinery to clean-up soils from xenobiotics like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). However, their involvement in root community recruitment and assembly involving non-symbiotic beneficial interactions remains understudied and may be crucial to sustain the holobiont fitness under PCB stress. Methods By using a set of model pure flavonoid molecules and a natural blend of root exudates (REs) with altered flavonoid composition produced by Arabidopsis mutant lines affected in flavonoid biosynthesis and abundance (null mutant tt4, flavonoid aglycones hyperproducer tt8, and flavonoid conjugates hyperaccumulator ttg), we investigated flavonoid contribution in stimulating rhizocompetence traits and the catabolic potential of the model bacterial strain for PCB degradation Paraburkholderia xenovorans LB400. Results Flavonoids influenced the traits involved in bacterial recruitment in the rhizoplane by improving chemotaxis and motility responses, by increasing biofilm formation and by promoting the growth and activation of the PCB-degradative pathway of strain LB400, being thus potentially exploited as carbon sources, stimulating factors and chemoattractant molecules. Indeed, early rhizoplane colonization was favored in plantlets of the tt8 Arabidopsis mutant and reduced in the ttg line. Bacterial growth was promoted by the REs of mutant lines tt4 and tt8 under control conditions and reduced upon PCB-18 stress, showing no significant differences compared with the WT and ttg, indicating that unidentified plant metabolites could be involved. PCB stress presumably altered the Arabidopsis root exudation profile, although a sudden "cry-for-help" response to recruit strain LB400 was excluded and flavonoids appeared not to be the main determinants. In the in vitro plant-microbe interaction assays, plant growth promotion and PCB resistance promoted by strain LB400 seemed to act through flavonoid-independent mechanisms without altering bacterial colonization efficiency and root adhesion pattern. Discussions This study further contributes to elucidate the vast array of functions provided by flavonoids in orchestrating the early events of PCB-degrading strain LB400 recruitment in the rhizosphere and to support the holobiont fitness by stimulating the catabolic machinery involved in xenobiotics decomposition and removal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eleonora Rolli
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Määttä T, Malhotra A. The hidden roots of wetland methane emissions. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17127. [PMID: 38337165 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Wetlands are the largest natural source of methane (CH4 ) globally. Climate and land use change are expected to alter CH4 emissions but current and future wetland CH4 budgets remain uncertain. One important predictor of wetland CH4 flux, plants, play an important role in providing substrates for CH4 -producing microbes, increasing CH4 consumption by oxygenating the rhizosphere, and transporting CH4 from soils to the atmosphere. Yet, there remain various mechanistic knowledge gaps regarding the extent to which plant root systems and their traits influence wetland CH4 emissions. Here, we present a novel conceptual framework of the relationships between a range of root traits and CH4 processes in wetlands. Based on a literature review, we propose four main CH4 -relevant categories of root function: gas transport, carbon substrate provision, physicochemical influences and root system architecture. Within these categories, we discuss how individual root traits influence CH4 production, consumption, and transport (PCT). Our findings reveal knowledge gaps concerning trait functions in physicochemical influences, and the role of mycorrhizae and temporal root dynamics in PCT. We also identify priority research needs such as integrating trait measurements from different root function categories, measuring root-CH4 linkages along environmental gradients, and following standardized root ecology protocols and vocabularies. Thus, our conceptual framework identifies relevant belowground plant traits that will help improve wetland CH4 predictions and reduce uncertainties in current and future wetland CH4 budgets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiia Määttä
- Department of Geography, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Avni Malhotra
- Department of Geography, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
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Saha S, Huang L, Khoso MA, Wu H, Han D, Ma X, Poudel TR, Li B, Zhu M, Lan Q, Sakib N, Wei R, Islam MZ, Zhang P, Shen H. Fine root decomposition in forest ecosystems: an ecological perspective. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1277510. [PMID: 38023858 PMCID: PMC10643187 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1277510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Fine root decomposition is a physio-biochemical activity that is critical to the global carbon cycle (C) in forest ecosystems. It is crucial to investigate the mechanisms and factors that control fine root decomposition in forest ecosystems to understand their system-level carbon balance. This process can be influenced by several abiotic (e.g., mean annual temperature, mean annual precipitation, site elevation, stand age, salinity, soil pH) and biotic (e.g., microorganism, substrate quality) variables. Comparing decomposition rates within sites reveals positive impacts of nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations and negative effects of lignin concentration. Nevertheless, estimating the actual fine root breakdown is difficult due to inadequate methods, anthropogenic activities, and the impact of climate change. Herein, we propose that how fine root substrate and soil physiochemical characteristics interact with soil microorganisms to influence fine root decomposition. This review summarized the elements that influence this process, as well as the research methods used to investigate it. There is also need to study the influence of annual and seasonal changes affecting fine root decomposition. This cumulative evidence will provide information on temporal and spatial dynamics of forest ecosystems, and will determine how logging and reforestation affect fine root decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Saha
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Lei Huang
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Muneer Ahmed Khoso
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Department of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Haibo Wu
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Donghui Han
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Tika Ram Poudel
- Feline Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Bei Li
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Meiru Zhu
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Qiurui Lan
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Nazmus Sakib
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Ruxiao Wei
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Md. Zahirul Islam
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Hailong Shen
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Technology Research Center of Korean Pine, Harbin, China
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Liu L, Tsyusko OV, Unrine JM, Liu S, Liu Y, Guo L, Wei G, Chen C. Pristine and Sulfidized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Promote the Release and Decomposition of Organic Carbon in the Legume Rhizosphere. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37285309 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c02071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The effects and mechanisms of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and their aging products, sulfidized (s-) ZnO NPs, on the carbon cycling in the legume rhizosphere are still unclear. We observed that, after 30 days of cultivation, in the rhizosphere soil of Medicago truncatula, under ZnO NP and s-ZnO NP treatments, the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations were significantly increased by 1.8- to 2.4-fold compared to Zn2+ treatments, although the soil organic matter (SOM) contents did not change significantly. Compared to Zn2+ additions, the additions of NPs significantly induced the production of root metabolites such as carboxylic acids and amino acids and also stimulated the growth of microbes involved in the degradations of plant-derived and recalcitrant SOM, such as bacteria genera RB41 and Bryobacter, and fungi genus Conocybe. The bacterial co-occurrence networks indicated that microbes associated with SOM formation and decomposition were significantly increased under NP treatments. The adsorption of NPs by roots, the generation of root metabolites (e.g., carboxylic acid and amino acid), and enrichment of key taxa (e.g., RB41 and Gaiella) were the major mechanisms by which ZnO NPs and s-ZnO NPs drove DOC release and SOM decomposition in the rhizosphere. These results provide new perspectives on the effect of ZnO NPs on agroecosystem functions in soil-plant systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Olga V Tsyusko
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546, United States
| | - Jason M Unrine
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546, United States
- Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Shuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yidan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Lulu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Gehong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Chun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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Wilhelm RC, Muñoz-Ucros J, Weikl F, Pritsch K, Goebel M, Buckley DH, Bauerle TL. The effects of mixed-species root zones on the resistance of soil bacteria and fungi to long-term experimental and natural reductions in soil moisture. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 873:162266. [PMID: 36822431 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Mixed forest stands tend to be more resistant to drought than species-specific stands partially due to complementarity in root ecology and physiology. We asked whether complementary differences in the drought resistance of soil microbiomes might contribute to this phenomenon. We experimented on the effects of reduced soil moisture on bacterial and fungal community composition in species-specific (single species) and mixed-species root zones of Norway spruce and European beech forests in a 5-year-old throughfall-exclusion experiment and across seasonal (spring-summer-fall) and latitudinal moisture gradients. Bacteria were most responsive to changes in soil moisture, especially members of Rhizobiales, while fungi were largely unaffected, including ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF). Community resistance was higher in spruce relative to beech root zones, corresponding with the proportions of drought-favored (more in spruce) and drought-sensitive bacterial taxa (more in beech). The spruce soil microbiome also exhibited greater resistance to seasonal changes between spring (wettest) and fall (driest). Mixed-species root zones contained a hybrid of beech- and spruce-associated microbiomes. Several bacterial populations exhibited either enhanced resistance or greater susceptibility to drought in mixed root zones. Overall, patterns in the relative abundances of soil bacteria closely tracked moisture in seasonal and latitudinal precipitation gradients and were more predictive of soil water content than other environmental variables. We conclude that complementary differences in the drought resistance of soil microbiomes can occur and the likeliest form of complementarity in mixed-root zones coincides with the enrichment of drought-tolerant bacteria associated with spruce and the sustenance of EMF by beech.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland C Wilhelm
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA; Agronomy Department, Lilly Hall of Life Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47904, USA
| | - Juana Muñoz-Ucros
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Fabian Weikl
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Technical University of Munich, Professorship of Land Surface Atmosphere Interactions, Freising, Germany
| | - Karin Pritsch
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marc Goebel
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Daniel H Buckley
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Taryn L Bauerle
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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Stanek M, Kushwaha P, Murawska-Wlodarczyk K, Stefanowicz AM, Babst-Kostecka A. Quercus rubra invasion of temperate deciduous forest stands alters the structure and functions of the soil microbiome. GEODERMA 2023; 430:116328. [PMID: 37600960 PMCID: PMC10438910 DOI: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2023.116328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Invasive plants can modify the diversity and taxonomical structure of soil microbiomes. However, it is difficult to generalize the underlying factors as their influence often seems to depend on the complex plant-soil-microbial interactions. In this paper, we investigated how Quercus rubra impacts on the soil microbiome across two soil horizons in relation to native woodland. Five paired adjacent invaded vs native vegetation plots in a managed forest in southern Poland were investigated. Soil microbial communities were assessed along with soil enzyme activities and soil physicochemical parameters, separately for both organic and mineral horizons, as well as forest stand characteristics to explore plant-soil-microbe interactions. Although Q. rubra did not significantly affect pH, organic C, total N, available nutrients nor enzymatic activity, differences in soil abiotic properties (except C to N ratio) were primarily driven by soil depth for both vegetation types. Further, we found significant differences in soil microbiome under invasion in relation to native vegetation. Microbial richness and diversity were lower in both horizons of Q. rubra vs control plots. Moreover, Q. rubra increased relative abundance of unique amplicon sequence variants in both horizons and thereby significantly changed the structure of the core soil microbial communities, in comparison to the control plots. In addition, predicted microbial functional groups indicated a predominant soil depth effect in both vegetation plots with higher abundance of aerobic chemoheterotrophic bacteria and endophytic fungi in the organic horizon and greater abundance of methanotrophic and methylotrophic bacteria, and ectomycorrhizal fungi in the mineral horizon. Overall, our results indicate strong associations between Q. rubra invasion and changes in soil microbiome and associated functions, a finding that needs to be further investigated to predict modifications in ecosystem functioning caused by this invasive species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Stanek
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, 31-512 Kraków, Poland
| | - Priyanka Kushwaha
- Department of Environmental Science, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | | | - Anna M. Stefanowicz
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, 31-512 Kraków, Poland
| | - Alicja Babst-Kostecka
- Department of Environmental Science, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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Seasonal Variations of Low-Molecular-Weight Organic Acids in Three Evergreen Broadleaf Rhododendron Forests. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13010119. [PMID: 36677044 PMCID: PMC9861111 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-molecular-weight organic acids (LMWOAs) are widely distributed in forests. Fresh leaves, litter, humus, and the topsoil layer of representative Rhododendron delavayi (RD), Rhododendron agastum (RA), and Rhododendron irroratum (RI) in the Baili Rhododendron National Forest Park were sampled to explore their seasonal changes. The contents of oxalic, tartaric, malic, citric, acetic, lactic, succinic, and formic acids in samples from different seasons were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that the composition and content of the LMWOAs in the fresh leaves, litter, humus, and topsoil layer of the rhododendrons were affected by the tree species, samples, and season. The main LMWOA was oxalic acid (the average content in the samples was 195.31 µg/g), followed by malic acid (the average content in the samples was 68.55 µg/g) and tartaric acid (the average content in the samples was 59.82 µg/g). Succinic acid had the lowest content; the average content in the samples was 18.40 µg/g. The LMWOAs of the RD were the highest (the average content in the samples was 517.42 µg/g), and the LMWOAs of the RI were the lowest (the average content in the samples was 445.18 µg/g). The LMWOAs in the three rhododendron forests were in the order of fresh leaves > litter > humus > soil layers. This study showed the seasonal distribution characteristics of LMWOAs in three evergreen broadleaf rhododendron forests, and the results provide a reference for ecosystem management and the protection of wild rhododendron forests.
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Wala M, Kołodziejek J, Mazur J. The diversity of iron acquisition strategies of calcifuge plant species from dry acidic grasslands. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 280:153898. [PMID: 36529075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Although the calcifuge plant species existing in dry acidic grasslands are believed to be prone to iron (Fe)-dependent limitations, little is known about their susceptibility and reaction to pH-dependent Fe starvation. Therefore, the present study examines the effects of contrasting soils (acidic Podzol vs alkaline Rendzina) and Fe supplementation (Fe-HBED) on alkaline substratum (5 and 25 μmol Fe-HBED kg-1 soil). Five calcifuge dicotyledonous plant species (Alyssum montanum L., Antennaria dioica (L.) Gaertn., Hypochaeris radicata L., Jasione montana L. and Potentilla arenaria Borkh.) were tested in a pot experiment under field conditions. Chlorosis, chlorophyll content, growth and chlorophyll a fluorescence were measured. The elemental composition (contents of Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu) of the roots and shoots were analyzed, as well as their specialized metabolites. Two studied species (A. dioica d and J. montana) were susceptible to pH-dependent chlorosis, and this deficiency was successfully diminished by the application of Fe-HBED. Almost all the studied species (except A. montanum) preferred the acidic soil. Fe-HBED treatments were not sufficient for supporting the growth of H. radicata and J. montana in alkaline soil to the same degree as in acidic soil, which suggests additional non-Fe-dependent limitations. Both Fe starvation and Fe over-supplementation caused species-specific changes in chlorophyll a fluorescence. The disturbed Fe acquisition in the alkaline soil was not the sole source of the observed limitations, as the chlorosis-susceptible species demonstrated a complex interaction between Fe, Mn and Zn. The species resistant to lime chlorosis contained greater amounts of specialized metabolites than the susceptible plants. Our findings do not support hypothesis that all calcifuges are susceptible to Fe-dependent chlorosis: calcifuge plant species from dry acidic grasslands appear to have diverse Fe requirements and acquisition strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Wala
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Geobotany and Plant Ecology, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Łódź, Poland.
| | - Jeremi Kołodziejek
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Geobotany and Plant Ecology, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Łódź, Poland
| | - Janusz Mazur
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Laboratory of Computer and Analytical Techniques, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Łódź, Poland
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12
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Ulrich DEM, Clendinen CS, Alongi F, Mueller RC, Chu RK, Toyoda J, Gallegos-Graves LV, Goemann HM, Peyton B, Sevanto S, Dunbar J. Root exudate composition reflects drought severity gradient in blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis). Sci Rep 2022; 12:12581. [PMID: 35869127 PMCID: PMC9307599 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16408-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant survival during environmental stress greatly affects ecosystem carbon (C) cycling, and plant–microbe interactions are central to plant stress survival. The release of C-rich root exudates is a key mechanism plants use to manage their microbiome, attracting beneficial microbes and/or suppressing harmful microbes to help plants withstand environmental stress. However, a critical knowledge gap is how plants alter root exudate concentration and composition under varying stress levels. In a greenhouse study, we imposed three drought treatments (control, mild, severe) on blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis Kunth Lag. Ex Griffiths), and measured plant physiology and root exudate concentration and composition using GC–MS, NMR, and FTICR. With increasing drought severity, root exudate total C and organic C increased concurrently with declining predawn leaf water potential and photosynthesis. Root exudate composition mirrored the physiological gradient of drought severity treatments. Specific compounds that are known to alter plant drought responses and the rhizosphere microbiome mirrored the drought severity-induced root exudate compositional gradient. Despite reducing C uptake, these plants actively invested C to root exudates with increasing drought severity. Patterns of plant physiology and root exudate concentration and composition co-varied along a gradient of drought severity.
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13
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Song B, Razavi BS, Pena R. Contrasting distribution of enzyme activities in the rhizosphere of European beech and Norway spruce. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:987112. [PMID: 36466222 PMCID: PMC9709443 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.987112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Recent policies and silvicultural management call for forest regeneration that involve the selection of tree species able to cope with low soil nutrient availability in forest ecosystems. Understanding the impact of different tree species on the rhizosphere processes (e.g., enzyme activities) involved in nutrient mobilisation is critical in selecting suitable species to adapt forests to environmental change. Here, we visualised and investigated the rhizosphere distribution of enzyme activities (cellobiohydrolase, leucine-aminopeptidase, and acid phosphomonoesterase) using zymography. We related the distribution of enzyme activities to the seedling root morphological traits of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) and Norway spruce (Picea abies), the two most cultivated temperate tree species that employ contrasting strategies in soil nutrient acquisition. We found that spruce showed a higher morphological heterogeneity along the roots than beech, resulting in a more robust relationship between rhizoplane-associated enzyme activities and the longitudinal distance from the root apex. The rhizoplane enzyme activities decreased in spruce and increased in beech with the distance from the root apex over a power-law equation. Spruce revealed broader rhizosphere extents of all three enzymes, but only acid phosphomonoesterase activity was higher compared with beech. This latter result was determined by a larger root system found in beech compared with spruce that enhanced cellobiohydrolase and leucine-aminopeptidase activities. The root hair zone and hair lengths were significant variables determining the distribution of enzyme activities in the rhizosphere. Our findings indicate that spruce has a more substantial influence on rhizosphere enzyme production and diffusion than beech, enabling spruce to better mobilise nutrients from organic sources in heterogeneous forest soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Song
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bahar S. Razavi
- Department of Soil and Plant Microbiome, Institute of Phytopathology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Agriculture Soil Science, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rodica Pena
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Sustainable Land Management, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
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14
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Sogin EM, Michellod D, Gruber-Vodicka HR, Bourceau P, Geier B, Meier DV, Seidel M, Ahmerkamp S, Schorn S, D'Angelo G, Procaccini G, Dubilier N, Liebeke M. Sugars dominate the seagrass rhizosphere. Nat Ecol Evol 2022; 6:866-877. [PMID: 35501482 PMCID: PMC9262712 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-022-01740-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Seagrasses are among the most efficient sinks of carbon dioxide on Earth. While carbon sequestration in terrestrial plants is linked to the microorganisms living in their soils, the interactions of seagrasses with their rhizospheres are poorly understood. Here, we show that the seagrass, Posidonia oceanica excretes sugars, mainly sucrose, into its rhizosphere. These sugars accumulate to µM concentrations-nearly 80 times higher than previously observed in marine environments. This finding is unexpected as sugars are readily consumed by microorganisms. Our experiments indicated that under low oxygen conditions, phenolic compounds from P. oceanica inhibited microbial consumption of sucrose. Analyses of the rhizosphere community revealed that many microbes had the genes for degrading sucrose but these were only expressed by a few taxa that also expressed genes for degrading phenolics. Given that we observed high sucrose concentrations underneath three other species of marine plants, we predict that the presence of plant-produced phenolics under low oxygen conditions allows the accumulation of labile molecules across aquatic rhizospheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Maggie Sogin
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany.
- University of California at Merced, Merced, CA, USA.
| | - Dolma Michellod
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Patric Bourceau
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
- MARUM-Center for Marine Environmental Sciences of the University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Benedikt Geier
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Dimitri V Meier
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Seidel
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | | | - Sina Schorn
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Grace D'Angelo
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Nicole Dubilier
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany.
- MARUM-Center for Marine Environmental Sciences of the University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Manuel Liebeke
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany.
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15
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Semchenko M, Barry KE, de Vries FT, Mommer L, Moora M, Maciá-Vicente JG. Deciphering the role of specialist and generalist plant-microbial interactions as drivers of plant-soil feedback. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 234:1929-1944. [PMID: 35338649 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Feedback between plants and soil microbial communities can be a powerful driver of vegetation dynamics. Plants elicit changes in the soil microbiome that either promote or suppress conspecifics at the same location, thereby regulating population density-dependence and species co-existence. Such effects are often attributed to the accumulation of host-specific antagonistic or beneficial microbiota in the rhizosphere. However, the identity and host-specificity of the microbial taxa involved are rarely empirically assessed. Here we review the evidence for host-specificity in plant-associated microbes and propose that specific plant-soil feedbacks can also be driven by generalists. We outline the potential mechanisms by which generalist microbial pathogens, mutualists and decomposers can generate differential effects on plant hosts and synthesize existing evidence to predict these effects as a function of plant investments into defence, microbial mutualists and dispersal. Importantly, the capacity of generalist microbiota to drive plant-soil feedbacks depends not only on the traits of individual plants but also on the phylogenetic and functional diversity of plant communities. Identifying factors that promote specialization or generalism in plant-microbial interactions and thereby modulate the impact of microbiota on plant performance will advance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying plant-soil feedback and the ways it contributes to plant co-existence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Semchenko
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Liivi 2, 50409, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Kathryn E Barry
- Ecology and Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Institute of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Franciska T de Vries
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94240, 1090 GE, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Liesje Mommer
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mari Moora
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Liivi 2, 50409, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jose G Maciá-Vicente
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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16
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Hu X, Shu Q, Guo W, Shang Z, Qi L. Secondary Succession Altered the Diversity and Co-Occurrence Networks of the Soil Bacterial Communities in Tropical Lowland Rainforests. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1344. [PMID: 35631769 PMCID: PMC9148129 DOI: 10.3390/plants11101344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The characteristics of plant and soil bacterial communities in forest ecosystems have been reported, but our understanding of the relationship between plant communities and soil bacteria in different stages of secondary tropical rainforest succession is still poor. In June 2018, three different natural successional stages of tropical lowland rainforests, early (33 years), early-mid (60 years), and mid successional stage (73 years), in Hainan Island, China, were selected for this study. By conducting field investigation and 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing, the composition and diversity of tree communities, the niche overlap of tree species with legumes among tree species, and the diversity and composition of soil bacterial communities and co-occurrence networks within communities across the successional stages were investigated. The results showed that plant richness and species diversity increased significantly during the secondary succession of tropical lowland rainforests. The order of positive correlations between nitrogen-fixing legumes and other species in plant communities was early-mid > mid > early successional stage. Soil nutrient content and soil bacterial richness were highest in the early-mid stages of succession, followed by mid and early stages of succession. Organic matter (OM), total nitrogen (TN), alkali nitrogen (AN), and available phosphorus (AP) had a stronger positive impact on soil bacterial communities. Co-occurrence network analysis showed that with the advancement of rainforests succession, the negative correlation between soil bacterial species decreased, and the community stability increased. Overall, as a result of tropical lowland rainforest secondary natural succession, the richness and diversity of plant communities increased, which altered the living conditions of nitrogen-fixing legumes and the soil properties, and the network complexity of soil bacterial communities increased with the rising of rainforest soil nutrient content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Hu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China; (X.H.); (W.G.)
- National Positioning and Monitoring Station for Ecosystem of Bamboo and Rattan, Sanya 572000, China;
| | - Qi Shu
- National Positioning and Monitoring Station for Ecosystem of Bamboo and Rattan, Sanya 572000, China;
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Wen Guo
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China; (X.H.); (W.G.)
| | - Zean Shang
- Shaanxi Academy of Forestry, Xi’an 710082, China;
| | - Lianghua Qi
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China; (X.H.); (W.G.)
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17
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Elaboration of a Phytoremediation Strategy for Successful and Sustainable Rehabilitation of Disturbed and Degraded Land. MINERALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/min12020111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Humans are dependent upon soil which supplies food, fuel, chemicals, medicine, sequesters pollutants, purifies and conveys water, and supports the built environment. In short, we need soil, but it has little or no need of us. Agriculture, mining, urbanization and other human activities result in temporary land-use and once complete, used and degraded land should be rehabilitated and restored to minimize loss of soil carbon. It is generally accepted that the most effective strategy is phyto-remediation. Typically, phytoremediation involves re-invigoration of soil fertility, physicochemical properties, and its microbiome to facilitate establishment of appropriate climax cover vegetation. A myco-phytoremediation technology called Fungcoal was developed in South Africa to achieve these outcomes for land disturbed by coal mining. Here we outline the contemporary and expanded rationale that underpins Fungcoal, which relies on in situ bio-conversion of carbonaceous waste coal or discard, in order to explore the probable origin of humic substances (HS) and soil organic matter (SOM). To achieve this, microbial processing of low-grade coal and discard, including bio-liquefaction and bio-conversion, is examined in some detail. The significance, origin, structure, and mode of action of coal-derived humics are recounted to emphasize the dynamic equilibrium, that is, humification and the derivation of soil organic matter (SOM). The contribution of plant exudate, extracellular vesicles (EV), extra polymeric substances (EPS), and other small molecules as components of the dynamic equilibrium that sustains SOM is highlighted. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), saprophytic ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF), and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are considered essential microbial biocatalysts that provide mutualistic support to sustain plant growth following soil reclamation and restoration. Finally, we posit that de novo synthesis of SOM is by specialized microbial consortia (or ‘humifiers’) which use molecular components from the root metabolome; and, that combinations of functional biocatalyst act to re-establish and maintain the soil dynamic. It is concluded that a bio-scaffold is necessary for functional phytoremediation including maintenance of the SOM dynamic and overall biogeochemistry of organic carbon in the global ecosystem
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18
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Kim B, Westerhuis JA, Smilde AK, Floková K, Suleiman AKA, Kuramae EE, Bouwmeester HJ, Zancarini A. OUP accepted manuscript. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2022; 98:6524125. [PMID: 35137050 PMCID: PMC8902685 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiac010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Strigolactones are endogenous plant hormones regulating plant development and are exuded into the rhizosphere when plants experience nutrient deficiency. There, they promote the mutualistic association of plants with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi that help the plant with the uptake of nutrients from the soil. This shows that plants actively establish—through the exudation of strigolactones—mutualistic interactions with microbes to overcome inadequate nutrition. The signaling function of strigolactones could possibly extend to other microbial partners, but the effect of strigolactones on the global root and rhizosphere microbiome remains poorly understood. Therefore, we analyzed the bacterial and fungal microbial communities of 16 rice genotypes differing in their root strigolactone exudation. Using multivariate analyses, distinctive differences in the microbiome composition were uncovered depending on strigolactone exudation. Moreover, the results of regression modeling showed that structural differences in the exuded strigolactones affected different sets of microbes. In particular, orobanchol was linked to the relative abundance of Burkholderia–Caballeronia–Paraburkholderia and Acidobacteria that potentially solubilize phosphate, while 4-deoxyorobanchol was associated with the genera Dyella and Umbelopsis. With this research, we provide new insight into the role of strigolactones in the interplay between plants and microbes in the rhizosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bora Kim
- Plant Hormone Biology Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johan A Westerhuis
- Biosystems Data Analysis Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Age K Smilde
- Biosystems Data Analysis Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kristýna Floková
- Plant Hormone Biology Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Afnan K A Suleiman
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute for Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Soil Health Group, Bioclear Earth B.V., 9727 DL Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eiko E Kuramae
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute for Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Harro J Bouwmeester
- Corresponding author: Plant Hormone Biology Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Postbus 1210, 1000 BE Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Tel: +31-20-525-6476; E-mail:
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Cai M, Zhao X, Wang X, Shi G, Hu C. Se changed the component of organic chemicals and Cr bioavailability in pak choi rhizosphere soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:67331-67342. [PMID: 34245415 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13465-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rhizosphere organic chemicals response and its role on Cr/Se adsorption are of great importance to understand Cr/Se bioavailability in Cr-contaminated soil with the application of Se. In the current work, the processes were carried out using rhizobox experiment (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis Makino). The results showed that in soil contaminated by 200 mg kg-1 Cr(III), Se(IV) complexed with Cr(III) and carboxylic acid (cis-9,10-Epoxystearic acid, hexadecanedioic acid) reduced Cr(VI) to Cr(III), thus increasing of Cr adsorption, furtherly decreasing Cr bioavailability. While in soil contaminated by 120 mg kg-1 Cr(VI), Se(VI) competed for adsorption sites with Cr(VI) and salicylic acid activated insoluble Cr(III), thus decreasing Cr adsorption, finally increasing Cr bioavailability. Moreover, with Cr contamination, Se bioavailability in soil was enhanced by the secretion of carboxylic acid, which can reduce Se to lower valent state and compete the adsorption sites and complex with Se oxyanion. These results yielded a better understanding of rhizosphere dynamics regulating by Se application in Cr-contaminated soil. Moreover, the current study supplemented the theoretical basis for beneficial elements application as an environment-friendly resource to facilitate cleaner production in heavy metal contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Cai
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University/Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizer/Research Center of Trace Elements/Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaohu Zhao
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University/Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizer/Research Center of Trace Elements/Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Guangyu Shi
- College of Environment Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Chengxiao Hu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University/Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizer/Research Center of Trace Elements/Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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20
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Blagodatskaya E, Tarkka M, Knief C, Koller R, Peth S, Schmidt V, Spielvogel S, Uteau D, Weber M, Razavi BS. Bridging Microbial Functional Traits With Localized Process Rates at Soil Interfaces. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:625697. [PMID: 34777265 PMCID: PMC8581545 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.625697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we introduce microbially-mediated soil processes, players, their functional traits, and their links to processes at biogeochemical interfaces [e.g., rhizosphere, detritusphere, (bio)-pores, and aggregate surfaces]. A conceptual view emphasizes the central role of the rhizosphere in interactions with other biogeochemical interfaces, considering biotic and abiotic dynamic drivers. We discuss the applicability of three groups of traits based on microbial physiology, activity state, and genomic functional traits to reflect microbial growth in soil. The sensitivity and credibility of modern molecular approaches to estimate microbial-specific growth rates require further development. A link between functional traits determined by physiological (e.g., respiration, biomarkers) and genomic (e.g., genome size, number of ribosomal gene copies per genome, expression of catabolic versus biosynthetic genes) approaches is strongly affected by environmental conditions such as carbon, nutrient availability, and ecosystem type. Therefore, we address the role of soil physico-chemical conditions and trophic interactions as drivers of microbially-mediated soil processes at relevant scales for process localization. The strengths and weaknesses of current approaches (destructive, non-destructive, and predictive) for assessing process localization and the corresponding estimates of process rates are linked to the challenges for modeling microbially-mediated processes in heterogeneous soil microhabitats. Finally, we introduce a conceptual self-regulatory mechanism based on the flexible structure of active microbial communities. Microbial taxa best suited to each successional stage of substrate decomposition become dominant and alter the community structure. The rates of decomposition of organic compounds, therefore, are dependent on the functional traits of dominant taxa and microbial strategies, which are selected and driven by the local environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia Blagodatskaya
- Department of Soil Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Agro-Technological Institute, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mika Tarkka
- Department of Soil Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle (Saale), Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research Halle–Jena–Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claudia Knief
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation – Molecular Biology of the Rhizosphere, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Robert Koller
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Stephan Peth
- Institute of Soil Science, University of Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | | | - Sandra Spielvogel
- Department Soil Science, Institute for Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Daniel Uteau
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Organic Agricultural Sciences, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | | | - Bahar S. Razavi
- Department of Soil and Plant Microbiome, Institute of Phytopathology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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21
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Differential Responses of Soil Bacterial and Fungal Community to Short-Term Crop Tree Management in a Larix gmelinii Plantation. FORESTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/f12101411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Crop tree management (CTM) is a widely applicable silviculture technology that is used to improve the performance of individual trees. However, only little information is available about the effects of the CTM regime on the soil microbial community structure. We conducted a study to explore the effects of short-term (five years) CTM on the soil bacterial and fungal diversity, community composition, and structure in the 0–10 cm soil layer in a Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) Kuzen. plantation. We set out to investigate the differential response of bacterial and fungal communities to variations in soil properties mediated by short-term CTM. Compared with the control plots, the soil microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen in CTM increased significantly by 64.2% and 32.3%, respectively. CTM significantly promoted the content of soil organic carbon, dissolved organic carbon, and nitrate nitrogen, and reduced the content of dissolved organic nitrogen. CTM changed the Shannon and Simpson indices of soil fungi to a remarkable extent but had little effect on the α diversity of bacterial communities. The bacterial β diversity was more sensitive to CTM than fungi. The relative abundance of Verrucomicrobiae (the dominant class of soil bacteria) in CTM was significantly increased by 78.2%, while the relative abundance of Agaricomycetes (dominant class for soil fungi) was reduced by 43.3%. We observed a significantly increased number of unique OTUs for soil fungi in the CTM plots. Redundancy analysis showed that dissolved organic carbon, soil moisture, and total phosphorus content significantly affected the composition of bacterial communities, while soil dissolved organic nitrogen, C/N, and total phosphorus drove the high variation in fungal community composition. Overall, our results emphasize the divergent response of soil bacterial and fungal communities in Larix gmelinii plantations to short-term CTM. We must pay more attention to the functional role of soil microbiota in future forest management.
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Liu X, Luo Y, Cheng L, Hu H, Wang Y, Du Z. Effect of Root and Mycelia on Fine Root Decomposition and Release of Carbon and Nitrogen Under Artemisia halodendron in a Semi-arid Sandy Grassland in China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:698054. [PMID: 34539692 PMCID: PMC8442746 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.698054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant fine root turnover is a continuous process both spatially and temporally, and fine root decomposition is affected by many biotic and abiotic factors. However, the effect of the living roots and the associated mycorrhizal fungal mycelia on fine root decomposition remains unclear. The objective of this study is to explore the influence of these biotic factors on fine root decomposition in a semi-arid ecosystem. In this study, we investigated the effect of fine roots and mycelia on fine root decomposition of a pioneer shrub (Artemisia halodendron) in Horqin sandy land, northeast China, by the ingrowth core method combined with the litterbag method. Litterbags were installed in cores. Results showed that core a allowed the growth of both fine roots and mycelia (treatment R + M), core b only allowed the growth of mycelia (treatment M), and in core c the fine root and mycelia growth were restricted and only bulk soil was present (treatment S). These findings suggest that the process of root decomposition was significantly affected by the living roots and mycelia, and carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) concentration dynamics during root decomposition differed among treatments. Mycelia significantly stimulated the mass loss and C and N release during root decomposition. Treatment R + M significantly stimulated the accumulation of soil total C, total N, and organic N under litterbags. The mycelia significantly stimulated the accumulation of the inorganic N (ammonium-N and nitrate-N) but the presence of fine roots weakened nitrate-N accumulation. The presence of living roots and associated mycelia strongly affected the process of root decomposition and matter release in the litter-soil system. The results of this study should strengthen the understanding of root-soil interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinping Liu
- Naiman Desertification Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongqing Luo
- Naiman Desertification Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Li Cheng
- Naiman Desertification Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hongjiao Hu
- Naiman Desertification Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Youhan Wang
- School of Geographical Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
| | - Zhong Du
- School of Geographical Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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Alzate Zuluaga MY, Martinez de Oliveira AL, Valentinuzzi F, Tiziani R, Pii Y, Mimmo T, Cesco S. Can Inoculation With the Bacterial Biostimulant Enterobacter sp. Strain 15S Be an Approach for the Smarter P Fertilization of Maize and Cucumber Plants? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:719873. [PMID: 34504509 PMCID: PMC8421861 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.719873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for plants. The use of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) may also improve plant development and enhance nutrient availability, thus providing a promising alternative or supplement to chemical fertilizers. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Enterobacter sp. strain 15S in improving the growth and P acquisition of maize (monocot) and cucumber (dicot) plants under P-deficient hydroponic conditions, either by itself or by solubilizing an external source of inorganic phosphate (Pi) [Ca3(PO4)2]. The inoculation with Enterobacter 15S elicited different effects on the root architecture and biomass of cucumber and maize depending on the P supply. Under sufficient P, the bacterium induced a positive effect on the whole root system architecture of both plants. However, under P deficiency, the bacterium in combination with Ca3(PO4)2 induced a more remarkable effect on cucumber, while the bacterium alone was better in improving the root system of maize compared to non-inoculated plants. In P-deficient plants, bacterial inoculation also led to a chlorophyll content [soil-plant analysis development (SPAD) index] like that in P-sufficient plants (p < 0.05). Regarding P nutrition, the ionomic analysis indicated that inoculation with Enterobacter 15S increased the allocation of P in roots (+31%) and shoots (+53%) of cucumber plants grown in a P-free nutrient solution (NS) supplemented with the external insoluble phosphate, whereas maize plants inoculated with the bacterium alone showed a higher content of P only in roots (36%) but not in shoots. Furthermore, in P-deficient cucumber plants, all Pi transporter genes (CsPT1.3, CsPT1.4, CsPT1.9, and Cucsa383630.1) were upregulated by the bacterium inoculation, whereas, in P-deficient maize plants, the expression of ZmPT1 and ZmPT5 was downregulated by the bacterial inoculation. Taken together, these results suggest that, in its interaction with P-deficient cucumber plants, Enterobacter strain 15S might have solubilized the Ca3(PO4)2 to help the plants overcome P deficiency, while the association of maize plants with the bacterium might have triggered a different mechanism affecting plant metabolism. Thus, the mechanisms by which Enterobacter 15S improves plant growth and P nutrition are dependent on crop and nutrient status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Yorlady Alzate Zuluaga
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | | | - Fabio Valentinuzzi
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Raphael Tiziani
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Youry Pii
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Tanja Mimmo
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Stefano Cesco
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
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Clocchiatti A, Hannula SE, van den Berg M, Hundscheid MPJ, de Boer W. Evaluation of Phenolic Root Exudates as Stimulants of Saptrophic Fungi in the Rhizosphere. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:644046. [PMID: 33936001 PMCID: PMC8079663 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.644046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The rhizosphere microbial community of crop plants in intensively managed arable soils is strongly dominated by bacteria, especially in the initial stages of plant development. In order to establish more diverse and balanced rhizosphere microbiomes, as seen for wild plants, crop variety selection could be based on their ability to promote growth of saprotrophic fungi in the rhizosphere. We hypothesized that this can be achieved by increasing the exudation of phenolic acids, as generally higher fungal abundance is observed in environments with phenolic-rich inputs, such as exudates of older plants and litter leachates. To test this, a rhizosphere simulation microcosm was designed to establish gradual diffusion of root exudate metabolites from sterile sand into arable soil. With this system, we tested the fungus-stimulating effect of eight phenolic acids alone or in combination with primary root metabolites. Ergosterol-based fungal biomass measurements revealed that most phenolic acids did not increase fungal abundance in the arable soil layer. These results were supported by comparison of fungal biomass in the rhizosphere of wild type Arabidopsis thaliana plants and mutants with altered phenolic acid metabolism. Salicylic acid was the only phenolic acid that stimulated a higher fungal biomass in the arable soil layer of microcosms, but only when combined with a background of primary root metabolites. However, such effect on rhizosphere fungi was not confirmed for a salicylic acid-impaired A. thaliana mutant. For three phenolic acid treatments (chlorogenic acid, salicylic acid, vanillic acid) fungal and bacterial community compositions were analyzed using amplicon sequencing. Despite having little effect on fungal biomass, phenolic acids combined with primary metabolites promoted a higher relative abundance of soil-borne fungi with the ability to invade plant roots (Fusarium, Trichoderma and Fusicolla spp.) in the simulated rhizosphere. Bacterial community composition was also affected by these phenolic acids. Although this study indicates that phenolic acids do not increase fungal biomass in the rhizosphere, we highlight a potential role of phenolic acids as attractants for root-colonizing fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Clocchiatti
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, Netherlands.,Soil Biology Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - S Emilia Hannula
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Wietse de Boer
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, Netherlands.,Soil Biology Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
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25
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Stefanowicz AM, Kapusta P, Stanek M, Frąc M, Oszust K, Woch MW, Zubek S. Invasive plant Reynoutria japonica produces large amounts of phenolic compounds and reduces the biomass but not activity of soil microbial communities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 767:145439. [PMID: 33636782 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Reynoutria japonica is one of the most invasive plant species. Its success in new habitats may be associated with the release of secondary metabolites. The aim of this study was to compare phenolic concentrations in plant biomass and soils between plots with R. japonica and resident plants (control), and determine the effects of these compounds on soil microbial communities. Samples of plant shoots and rhizomes/roots, and soil were collected from 25 paired plots in fallow and riparian habitats in Poland. We measured concentrations of total phenolics, condensed tannins, catechin, chlorogenic acid, emodin, epicatechin, hyperoside, physcion, piceatannol, polydatin, procyanidin B3, quercetin, resveratrol, and resveratroloside. Soil microbial parameters were represented by acid and alkaline phosphomonoesterases, β-glucosidase, phenoloxidase, and peroxidase activity, culturable bacteria activity and functional diversity measured with Biolog Ecoplates, and microbial biomass and community structure measured with phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis. We found that concentrations of total phenolics and condensed tannins were very high in R. japonica leaves and rhizomes/roots, and concentrations of most phenolic compounds were very high in R. japonica rhizomes/roots when compared to resident plant species. Concentrations of most phenolics in mineral soil did not differ between R. japonica and control plots; the only exceptions were catechin and resveratrol which were higher and lower, respectively, under the invader. Total microbial and bacterial (G+, G-) biomass was decreased by approx. 30% and fungal biomass by approx. 25% in invaded soils in comparison to control. Among soil functional microbial parameters, only peroxidase activity and functional diversity differed between R. japonica and resident plant plots; peroxidase activity was higher, while functional diversity was lower in soil under R. japonica. The negative effects of R. japonica on microbial biomass may be related to catechin or its polymers (proanthocyanidins) or to other phenolics contained in high concentrations in R. japonica rhizomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Stefanowicz
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, 31-512 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Paweł Kapusta
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, 31-512 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Stanek
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, 31-512 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Frąc
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Karolina Oszust
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Marcin W Woch
- Institute of Biology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
| | - Szymon Zubek
- Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 3, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
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Li Z, Yang J, Shang B, Agathokleous E, Rubert-Nason KF, Xu Y, Feng Z. Nonlinear responses of foliar phenylpropanoids to increasing O 3 exposure: Ecological implications in a Populus model system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 767:144358. [PMID: 33429270 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant phenolic compounds (phenylpropanoids) act as defense chemicals against herbivores and can mediate ecosystem processes. Tropospheric ozone (O3) pollution alters concentrations of plant phenolics; however, little is known about how these phytochemicals respond to different levels of O3 exposure. Here, we investigated the effects of five different O3 exposure levels on foliar concentrations of phenylpropanoids (53 compounds in total) and antioxidative capacity in hybrid Populus (Populus euramericana cv. '74/76') saplings grown in the presence of high or low soil nitrogen (N) load. Increasing O3 exposure initially increased and then decreased total concentrations of phenolic compounds, revealing a biphasic exposure-response profile (hormetic zone: 1.1-36.3 ppm h AOT40). This biphasic response pattern was driven by changes in a subset of phenylpropanoids with high antioxidative capacity (e.g. condensed tannins) but not in phenolics with low antioxidative capacity (e.g. salicinoids). The O3 exposure-response relationships of some phenylpropanoids (e.g. flavonoids and chlorogenic acids) varied in response to soil N, with hormesis occurring in high N soil but not in low N soil. Collectively, our findings indicated that plant phenolic compounds exhibit nonlinear responses to increasing O3 exposure, and that the responses vary in relation to phenolic compound class, antioxidative capacity, and soil nitrogen conditions. Our findings further suggest that the impact of O3 on ecological processes mediated by phenolics will be concentration-dependent, highlighting the complexity of the ecological effects of ground-level O3 pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengzhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Bo Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, Institute of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | | | - Yansen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, Institute of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
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27
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Fine Root Traits of Pinus koraiensis Varied with Soil Cation Exchange Capacity in Natural Forests. LAND 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/land10040363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Adaptation of fine root plasticity to soil nutrients heterogeneity in natural forest ecosystems has not been well explored. The study aimed to determine seasonal variations of fine root traits in Pinus koraiensis natural forests and explore the relationship between fine root traits and soil properties. Root and soil samples were collected from the coniferous broad-leaved mixed forest (BP), monospecific P. koraiensis forest (MP), and coniferous mixed forest (CP). Soil available phosphorus (P) content for MP was 31.7% and 39.8% lower than for BP and CP. Soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) for MP was lower by 23.5% and 27.2% than for BP and CP, respectively. In July, specific root lengths and root surface areas for BP and CP (mixed forests) were significantly higher than for MP (monospecific forest). A structural equation model showed that CEC had a significant effect on fine root traits. Root diameter, root volume density, and root surface area density were negatively correlated with CEC. Fine root traits plasticity of P. koraiensis are closely related to soil available nutrient contents, CEC, and species composition at the ecosystem level.
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28
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Wilhelm RC, DeRito CM, Shapleigh JP, Madsen EL, Buckley DH. Phenolic acid-degrading Paraburkholderia prime decomposition in forest soil. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 1:4. [PMID: 36717596 PMCID: PMC9723775 DOI: 10.1038/s43705-021-00009-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Plant-derived phenolic acids are catabolized by soil microorganisms whose activity may enhance the decomposition of soil organic carbon (SOC). We characterized whether phenolic acid-degrading bacteria enhance SOC mineralization in forest soils when primed with 13C-labeled p-hydroxybenzoic acid (pHB). We further tested whether pHB-induced priming could explain differences in SOC content among mono-specific tree plantations in a 70-year-old common garden experiment. pHB addition primed significant losses of SOC (3-13 µmols C g-1 dry wt soil over 7 days) compared to glucose, which reduced mineralization (-3 to -8 µmols C g-1 dry wt soil over 7 days). The principal degraders of pHB were Paraburkholderia and Caballeronia in all plantations regardless of tree species or soil type, with one predominant phylotype (RP11ASV) enriched 23-fold following peak pHB respiration. We isolated and confirmed the phenolic degrading activity of a strain matching this phylotype (RP11T), which encoded numerous oxidative enzymes, including secretion signal-bearing laccase, Dyp-type peroxidase and aryl-alcohol oxidase. Increased relative abundance of RP11ASV corresponded with higher pHB respiration and expression of pHB monooxygenase (pobA), which was inversely proportional to SOC content among plantations. pobA expression proved a responsive measure of priming activity. We found that stimulating phenolic-acid degrading bacteria can prime decomposition and that this activity, corresponding with differences in tree species, is a potential mechanism in SOC cycling in forests. Overall, this study highlights the ecology and function of Paraburkholderia whose associations with plant roots and capacity to degrade phenolics suggest a role for specialized bacteria in the priming effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland C Wilhelm
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Bradfield Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | | | - James P Shapleigh
- Department of Microbiology, Wing Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Eugene L Madsen
- Department of Microbiology, Wing Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Daniel H Buckley
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Bradfield Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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29
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Tian L, Shen J, Sun G, Wang B, Ji R, Zhao L. Foliar Application of SiO 2 Nanoparticles Alters Soil Metabolite Profiles and Microbial Community Composition in the Pakchoi ( Brassica chinensis L.) Rhizosphere Grown in Contaminated Mine Soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:13137-13146. [PMID: 32954728 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c03767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Silica nanoparticles (SiO2-NPs) are promising in nanoenabled agriculture due to their large surface area and biocompatible properties. Understanding the fundamental interaction between SiO2-NPs and plants is important for their sustainable use. Here, 3 week-old pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.) plants were sprayed with SiO2-NPs every 3 days for 15 days (5 mg of SiO2-NPs per plant), after which the phenotypes, biochemical properties, and molecular responses of the plants were evaluated. The changes in rhizosphere metabolites were characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolomics, and the response of soil microorganisms to the SiO2-NPs were characterized by high-throughput bacterial 16S rRNA and fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene sequencing. The results showed that the SiO2-NP spray had no adverse effects on photosynthesis of pakchoi plants nor on their biomass. However, the rhizosphere metabolite profile was remarkably altered upon foliar exposure to SiO2-NPs. Significant increases in the relative abundance of several metabolites, including sugars and sugar alcohols (1.3-9.3-fold), fatty acids (1.5-18.0-fold), and small organic acids (1.5-66.9-fold), and significant decreases in the amino acid levels (60-100%) indicated the altered carbon and nitrogen pool in the rhizosphere. Although the community structure was unchanged, several bacterial (Rhodobacteraceae and Paenibacillus) and fungal (Chaetomium) genera in the rhizosphere involved in carbon and nitrogen cycles were increased. Our results provide novel insights into the environmental effects of SiO2-NPs and point out that foliar application of NPs can alter the soil metabolite profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jupei Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Guoxin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Rong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lijuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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30
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Ghosh A, Pandey B, Agrawal M, Agrawal SB. Interactive effects and competitive shift between Triticum aestivum L. (wheat) and Chenopodium album L. (fat-hen) under ambient and elevated ozone. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:114764. [PMID: 32512473 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of ambient and elevated O3 (ambient+20 ppb) under the competition between a crop plant Triticum aestivum L.cv. HD 2967 and a weed, Chenopodium album L. (fat-hen) grown singly and in mix-culture (1:1) using open-top chambers. The competition posed a relatively lesser effect on the growth of fat-hen as compared to the wheat under ambient O3 at both the sampling time, however, the effects of stress factors (competition and O3) were more pronounced at the reproductive stage on both the plants. Fat-hen possess a stronger antioxidative potential against elevated O3 (eO3), irrespective of competition, making it more resistant against the existing stress factors. Significant stimulation in the activities of CAT, POX, GR and SOD in fat-hen and non-enzyme antioxidants (AsA, thiols, and total phenolics) might have helped the plants to pose a superior ROS scavenging potential under competition + O3. Strong stimulation of flavonols (kaempferol and quercetin) and phenolic acid (p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid) in fat-hen not only helped the plants to withstand the oxidative damage under eO3 but also might have influenced the allelopathic interaction (competition + O3). Yield loss in wheat was observed to be larger under competition + O3 (33.1%) followed by O3 (20.5%) than only under competition (16.3%). The study suggests stringent weed management strategies to be established recognizing the existing threat from O3 to the productivity of a staple crop-wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annesha Ghosh
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bhanu Pandey
- Natural Resources and Environment Management, CSIR-Central Institute of Mining & Fuel Research, Dhanbad, 826 015, Jharkhand, India
| | - Madhoolika Agrawal
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shashi Bhushan Agrawal
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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31
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Gu Y, Wang X, Yang T, Friman V, Geisen S, Wei Z, Xu Y, Jousset A, Shen Q. Chemical structure predicts the effect of plant‐derived low‐molecular weight compounds on soil microbiome structure and pathogen suppression. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yian Gu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Organic Solid Waste Utilization National Engineering Research Center for Organic‐based Fertilizers Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing PR China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco‐Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection Huaiyin Normal University Huaian PR China
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Organic Solid Waste Utilization National Engineering Research Center for Organic‐based Fertilizers Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing PR China
| | - Tianjie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Organic Solid Waste Utilization National Engineering Research Center for Organic‐based Fertilizers Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing PR China
| | - Ville‐Petri Friman
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Organic Solid Waste Utilization National Engineering Research Center for Organic‐based Fertilizers Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing PR China
- Department of Biology University of York York UK
| | - Stefan Geisen
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW) Wageningen The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Nematology Department of Plant Science Wageningen University Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Zhong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Organic Solid Waste Utilization National Engineering Research Center for Organic‐based Fertilizers Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing PR China
| | - Yangchun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Organic Solid Waste Utilization National Engineering Research Center for Organic‐based Fertilizers Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing PR China
| | - Alexandre Jousset
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Organic Solid Waste Utilization National Engineering Research Center for Organic‐based Fertilizers Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing PR China
- Institute for Environmental Biology Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Qirong Shen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Organic Solid Waste Utilization National Engineering Research Center for Organic‐based Fertilizers Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing PR China
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Szymborska-Sandhu I, Przybył JL, Kosakowska O, Bączek K, Węglarz Z. Chemical Diversity of Bastard Balm ( Melittis melisophyllum L.) as Affected by Plant Development. Molecules 2020; 25:E2421. [PMID: 32455929 PMCID: PMC7287771 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The phytochemical diversity of Melittis melissophyllum was investigated in terms of seasonal changes and age of plants including plant organs diversity. The content of phenolics, namely: coumarin; 3,4-dihydroxycoumarin; o-coumaric acid 2-O-glucoside; verbascoside; apiin; luteolin-7-O-glucoside; and o-coumaric; p-coumaric; chlorogenic; caffeic; ferulic; cichoric acids, was determined using HPLC-DAD. Among these, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, verbascoside, chlorogenic acid, and coumarin were the dominants. The highest content of flavonoids and phenolic acids was observed in 2-year-old plants, while coumarin in 4-year-old plants (272.06 mg 100 g-1 DW). When considering seasonal changes, the highest content of luteolin-7-O-glucoside was observed at the full flowering, whereas verbascoside and chlorogenic acid were observed at the seed-setting stage. Among plant organs, the content of coumarin and phenolic acids was the highest in leaves, whereas verbascoside and luteolin-7-O-glucoside were observed in flowers. The composition of essential oil was determined using GC-MS/GC-FID. In the essential oil from leaves, the dominant was 1-octen-3-ol, whilst from flowers, the dominant was α-pinene.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Katarzyna Bączek
- Department of Vegetable and Medicinal Plants, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences–SGGW, 166 Nowoursynowska Street, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (I.S.-S.); (J.L.P.); (O.K.); (Z.W.)
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The Trichoderma viride F-00612 consortium tolerates 2-amino-3H-phenoxazin-3-one and degrades nitrated benzo[d]oxazol-2(3H)-one. CHEMOECOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00049-020-00300-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AbstractNumerous allelopathic plant secondary metabolites impact plant–microorganism interactions by injuring plant-associated beneficial bacteria and fungi. Fungi belonging to the genus Trichoderma positively influence crops, including benzoxazinone-containing maize. However, benzoxazinones and their downstream metabolites such as benzoxazolinone and phenoxazinones are often fungitoxic. Specimen Trichoderma viride F-00612 was found to be insensitive to 100-µM phenoxazinone and 500-µM benzoxazolinone. Screening of 46 additional specimens of ascomycetes revealed insensitivity to phenoxazinones among fungi that cause disease in benzoxazinone-producing cereal crops, whereas many other ascomycetes were highly sensitive. In contrast, most of the screened fungi were insensitive to benzoxazolinone. T. viride F-00612 was associated with bacteria and, thus, existed as a consortium. By contrast, Enterobacter species and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus were prominent in the original specimen, and Bacillus species predominated after antibiotic application. Prolonged cultivation of T. viride F-00612 in liquid medium and on Czapek agar in the presence of < 100 µM phenoxazinone and < 500 µM benzoxazolinone resulted in a massive loss of bacteria accompanied by impacted fungal growth in the presence of phenoxazinone. The original consortium was actively involved in implementing metabolic sequences for the degradation and detoxification of nitrated benzoxazolinone derivatives. The 2-aminophenol was rapidly converted into acetamidophenol, but benzoxazolinone, methoxylated benzoxazolinone, and picolinic acid remained unchanged. Excluding phenoxazinone, none of the tested compounds markedly impaired fungal growth in liquid culture. In conclusion, members of the T. viride F-00612 consortium may contribute to the ability to manage benzoxazinone downstream products and facilitate BOA-6-OH degradation via nitration.
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Del Valle I, Webster TM, Cheng HY, Thies JE, Kessler A, Miller MK, Ball ZT, MacKenzie KR, Masiello CA, Silberg JJ, Lehmann J. Soil organic matter attenuates the efficacy of flavonoid-based plant-microbe communication. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaax8254. [PMID: 32064339 PMCID: PMC6989149 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax8254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant-microbe interactions are mediated by signaling compounds that control vital plant functions, such as nodulation, defense, and allelopathy. While interruption of signaling is typically attributed to biological processes, potential abiotic controls remain less studied. Here, we show that higher organic carbon (OC) contents in soils repress flavonoid signals by up to 70%. Furthermore, the magnitude of repression is differentially dependent on the chemical structure of the signaling molecule, the availability of metal ions, and the source of the plant-derived OC. Up to 63% of the signaling repression occurs between dissolved OC and flavonoids rather than through flavonoid sorption to particulate OC. In plant experiments, OC interrupts the signaling between a legume and a nitrogen-fixing microbial symbiont, resulting in a 75% decrease in nodule formation. Our results suggest that soil OC decreases the lifetime of flavonoids underlying plant-microbe interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilenne Del Valle
- Graduate Program in Systems, Synthetic, and Physical Biology, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, MS 180, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Corresponding author. (I.D.V.); (T.M.W.)
| | - Tara M. Webster
- Soil and Crop Sciences, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Corresponding author. (I.D.V.); (T.M.W.)
| | - Hsiao-Ying Cheng
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, MS 142, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Janice E. Thies
- Soil and Crop Sciences, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Atkinson Center for a Sustainable Future, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - André Kessler
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Mary Kaitlyn Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, MS 60, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Zachary T. Ball
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, MS 60, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Kevin R. MacKenzie
- Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Caroline A. Masiello
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, MS 60, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Rice University, MS 126, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, MS 140, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Jonathan J. Silberg
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, MS 142, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, MS 140, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, MS 362, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Johannes Lehmann
- Soil and Crop Sciences, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Atkinson Center for a Sustainable Future, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Cox DE, Dyer S, Weir R, Cheseto X, Sturrock M, Coyne D, Torto B, Maule AG, Dalzell JJ. ABC transporter genes ABC-C6 and ABC-G33 alter plant-microbe-parasite interactions in the rhizosphere. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19899. [PMID: 31882903 PMCID: PMC6934816 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56493-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants are master regulators of rhizosphere ecology, secreting a complex mixture of compounds into the soil, collectively termed plant root exudate. Root exudate composition is highly dynamic and functional, mediating economically important interactions between plants and a wide range of soil organisms. Currently we know very little about the molecular basis of root exudate composition, which is a key hurdle to functional exploitation of root exudates for crop improvement. Root expressed transporters modulate exudate composition and could be manipulated to develop beneficial plant root exudate traits. Using Virus Induced Gene silencing (VIGS), we demonstrate that knockdown of two root-expressed ABC transporter genes in tomato cv. Moneymaker, ABC-C6 and ABC-G33, alters the composition of semi-volatile compounds in collected root exudates. Root exudate chemotaxis assays demonstrate that knockdown of each transporter gene triggers the repulsion of economically relevant Meloidogyne and Globodera spp. plant parasitic nematodes, which are attracted to control treatment root exudates. Knockdown of ABC-C6 inhibits egg hatching of Meloidogyne and Globodera spp., relative to controls. Knockdown of ABC-G33 has no impact on egg hatching of Meloidogyne spp. but has a substantial inhibitory impact on egg hatching of G. pallida. ABC-C6 knockdown has no impact on the attraction of the plant pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens, or the plant growth promoting Bacillus subtilis, relative to controls. Silencing ABC-G33 induces a statistically significant reduction in attraction of B. subtilis, with no impact on attraction of A. tumefaciens. By inoculating selected differentially exuded compounds into control root exudates, we demonstrate that hexadecaonic acid and pentadecane are biologically relevant parasite repellents. ABC-C6 represents a promising target for breeding or biotechnology intervention strategies as gene knockdown leads to the repulsion of economically important plant parasites and retains attraction of the beneficial rhizobacterium B. subtilis. This study exposes the link between ABC transporters, root exudate composition, and ex planta interactions with agriculturally and economically relevant rhizosphere organisms, paving the way for new approaches to rhizosphere engineering and crop protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Elizabeth Cox
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Steven Dyer
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Ryan Weir
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Xavier Cheseto
- The International Center of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Matthew Sturrock
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Danny Coyne
- The International Institute for Tropical Agriculture, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Baldwyn Torto
- The International Center of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Aaron G Maule
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Johnathan J Dalzell
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
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Zwetsloot MJ, Goebel M, Paya A, Grams TEE, Bauerle TL. Specific spatio-temporal dynamics of absorptive fine roots in response to neighbor species identity in a mixed beech-spruce forest. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 39:1867-1879. [PMID: 31504991 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpz086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Absorptive fine roots are an important driver of soil biogeochemical cycles. Yet, the spatio-temporal dynamics of those roots in the presence of neighboring species remain poorly understood. The aim of this study was to analyze shifts in absorptive fine-root traits in monoculture or mixtures of Fagus sylvatica [L.] and Picea abies [L.] Karst. We hypothesized that root competition would be higher under single-species than mixed-species interactions, leading to changes in (i) root survivorship, diameter and respiration and (ii) spatio-temporal patterns of root growth and death. Using minirhizotron methods, we monitored the timing and location of absorptive fine-root growth and death at an experimental forest in southern Germany from 2011 to 2013. We also measured root respiration in the spring and fall seasons of 2012 and 2013. Our findings show that the absorptive fine roots of F. sylvatica had a 50% higher risk of root mortality and higher respiration rates in the single-species compared to mixed-species zones. These results support our hypothesis that root competition is less intense for F. sylvatica in mixture versus monoculture. We were unable to find confirmation for the same hypothesis for P. abies. To analyze spatio-temporal patterns of absorptive fine-root production and mortality, we used a mixed-effects model considering root depth (space) and seasons (time) simultaneously. This analysis showed that F. sylvatica shifts root production towards shallower soil layers in mixed-species stands, besides significant seasonal fluctuations in root production depths for both species. Ultimately, the impact of neighbor species identity on root traits observed in this study has important implications for where, when and how fast root-facilitated carbon cycling takes place in single-species versus mixed-species forests. In addition, our study highlights the need for inclusion of absorptive fine-root spatio-temporal dynamics when examining belowground plant interactions and biogeochemical cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie J Zwetsloot
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, 236 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Soil Biology Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marc Goebel
- Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University, 111 Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Alex Paya
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, 236 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Thorsten E E Grams
- Ecophysiology of Plants, Technical University of Munich, Am Hochanger 13, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Taryn L Bauerle
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, 236 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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