1
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Wu Z, Liu K, Zhang X, Tang Q, Zeng L. CsNYC1a Mediates Chlorophyll Degradation and Albino Trait Formation in the Arbor-Type Tea Plant Camellia nanchuanica. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 38848450 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Albino germplasms are prized tea plant mutants with yellow/white leaves. However, understanding of the albino mechanisms in non-Camellia sinensis tea species remains limited. This study elucidated the albino trait formation in Nanchuan Dachashu (C. nanchuanica), an arbor-type tea species, and its association with tea quality. The yellow-leaved albino individual NH1 exhibited abnormal chloroplast ultrastructure and reduced chlorophyll/carotenoid levels compared to green-leaved NL1. Integrating transcriptomics, metabolomics, yeast one-hybrid, and transgenic approaches identified the chlorophyll b reductase gene CsNYC1a as a key regulator, which was significantly up-regulated in NH1, and its overexpression in Arabidopsis recapitulated the albino phenotype. In yeast, histone CsH1.2 binds to the CsNYC1a promoter. These findings suggest that CsH1.2-CsNYC1a-mediated chlorophyll degradation may be a key mechanism underlying albino formation in Nanchuan Dachashu. In addition, as a germplasm with higher polyphenol-to-amino acid ratio than NL1, NH1 offers more possibilities for breeding and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Wu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Keyi Liu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qianhui Tang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Liang Zeng
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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2
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Chang YL, Chang YC, Kurniawan A, Chang PC, Liou TY, Wang WD, Chuang HW. Employing Genomic Tools to Explore the Molecular Mechanisms behind the Enhancement of Plant Growth and Stress Resilience Facilitated by a Burkholderia Rhizobacterial Strain. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6091. [PMID: 38892282 PMCID: PMC11172717 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The rhizobacterial strain BJ3 showed 16S rDNA sequence similarity to species within the Burkholderia genus. Its complete genome sequence revealed a 97% match with Burkholderia contaminans and uncovered gene clusters essential for plant-growth-promoting traits (PGPTs). These clusters include genes responsible for producing indole acetic acid (IAA), osmolytes, non-ribosomal peptides (NRPS), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), siderophores, lipopolysaccharides, hydrolytic enzymes, and spermidine. Additionally, the genome contains genes for nitrogen fixation and phosphate solubilization, as well as a gene encoding 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase. The treatment with BJ3 enhanced root architecture, boosted vegetative growth, and accelerated early flowering in Arabidopsis. Treated seedlings also showed increased lignin production and antioxidant capabilities, as well as notably increased tolerance to water deficit and high salinity. An RNA-seq transcriptome analysis indicated that BJ3 treatment significantly activated genes related to immunity induction, hormone signaling, and vegetative growth. It specifically activated genes involved in the production of auxin, ethylene, and salicylic acid (SA), as well as genes involved in the synthesis of defense compounds like glucosinolates, camalexin, and terpenoids. The expression of AP2/ERF transcription factors was markedly increased. These findings highlight BJ3's potential to produce various bioactive metabolites and its ability to activate auxin, ethylene, and SA signaling in Arabidopsis, positioning it as a new Burkholderia strain that could significantly improve plant growth, stress resilience, and immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueh-Long Chang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 600355, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Chang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 600355, Taiwan
| | - Andi Kurniawan
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 600355, Taiwan
- Department of Agronomy, Brawijaya University, Malang 65145, Indonesia
| | - Po-Chun Chang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 600355, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yu Liou
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 600355, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Der Wang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 600355, Taiwan
| | - Huey-wen Chuang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 600355, Taiwan
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3
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Hajibarat Z, Saidi A, Zeinalabedini M, Mousapour Gorji A, Ghaffari MR, Shariati V, Ahmadvand R. Genotyping-by-sequencing and weighted gene co-expression network analysis of genes responsive against Potato virus Y in commercial potato cultivars. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303783. [PMID: 38787845 PMCID: PMC11125566 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Potato is considered a key component of the global food system and plays a vital role in strengthening world food security. A major constraint to potato production worldwide is the Potato Virus Y (PVY), belonging to the genus Potyvirus in the family of Potyviridae. Selective breeding of potato with resistance to PVY pathogens remains the best method to limit the impact of viral infections. Understanding the genetic diversity and population structure of potato germplasm is important for breeders to improve new cultivars for the sustainable use of genetic materials in potato breeding to PVY pathogens. While, genetic diversity improvement in modern potato breeding is facing increasingly narrow genetic basis and the decline of the genetic diversity. In this research, we performed genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS)-based diversity analysis on 10 commercial potato cultivars and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify candidate genes related to PVY-resistance. WGCNA is a system biology technique that uses the WGCNA R software package to describe the correlation patterns between genes in multiple samples. In terms of consumption, these cultivars are a high rate among Iranian people. Using population structure analysis, the 10 cultivars were clustered into three groups based on the 118343 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) generated by GBS. Read depth ranged between 5 and 18. The average data size and Q30 of the reads were 145.98 Mb and 93.63%, respectively. Based on the WGCNA and gene expression analysis, the StDUF538, StGTF3C5, and StTMEM161A genes were associated with PVY resistance in the potato genome. Further, these three hub genes were significantly involved in defense mechanism where the StTMEM161A was involved in the regulation of alkalization apoplast, the StDUF538 was activated in the chloroplast degradation program, and the StGTF3C5 regulated the proteins increase related to defense in the PVY infected cells. In addition, in the genetic improvement programs, these hub genes can be used as genetic markers for screening commercial cultivars for PVY resistance. Our survey demonstrated that the combination of GBS-based genetic diversity germplasm analysis and WGCNA can assist breeders to select cultivars resistant to PVY as well as help design proper crossing schemes in potato breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Hajibarat
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Saidi
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrshad Zeinalabedini
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Ahmad Mousapour Gorji
- Department of Vegetable Research, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Ghaffari
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Vahid Shariati
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, NIGEB Genome Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rahim Ahmadvand
- Department of Vegetable Research, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
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Chen S, Ye M, Kuai P, Chen L, Lou Y. Silencing an ATP-Dependent Caseinolytic Protease Proteolytic Subunit Gene Enhances the Resistance of Rice to Nilaparvata lugens. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3699. [PMID: 38612510 PMCID: PMC11011769 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The ATP-dependent caseinolytic protease (Clp) system has been reported to play an important role in plant growth, development, and defense against pathogens. However, whether the Clp system is involved in plant defense against herbivores remains largely unclear. We explore the role of the Clp system in rice defenses against brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens by combining chemical analysis, transcriptome, and molecular analyses, as well as insect bioassays. We found the expression of a rice Clp proteolytic subunit gene, OsClpP6, was suppressed by infestation of BPH gravid females and mechanical wounding. Silencing OsClpP6 enhanced the level of BPH-induced jasmonic acid (JA), JA-isoleucine (JA-Ile), and ABA, which in turn promoted the production of BPH-elicited rice volatiles and increased the resistance of rice to BPH. Field trials showed that silencing OsClpP6 decreased the population densities of BPH and WBPH. We also observed that silencing OsClpP6 decreased chlorophyll content in rice leaves at early developmental stages and impaired rice root growth and seed setting rate. These findings demonstrate that an OsClpP6-mediated Clp system in rice was involved in plant growth-defense trade-offs by affecting the biosynthesis of defense-related signaling molecules in chloroplasts. Moreover, rice plants, after recognizing BPH infestation, can enhance rice resistance to BPH by decreasing the Clp system activity. The work might provide a new way to breed rice varieties that are resistant to herbivores.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yonggen Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Breeding and Biology & Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (S.C.); (M.Y.); (P.K.); (L.C.)
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Lv A, Su L, Fan N, Wen W, Wang Z, Zhou P, An Y. Chloroplast-targeted late embryogenesis abundant 1 increases alfalfa tolerance to drought and aluminum. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:2750-2767. [PMID: 37647543 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Late embryogenesis-abundant (LEA) proteins are important stress-response proteins that participate in protecting plants against abiotic stresses. Here, we investigated LEA group 3 protein MsLEA1, containing the typically disordered and α-helix structure, via overexpression and RNA interference (RNAi) approaches in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) under drought and aluminum (Al) stresses. MsLEA1 was highly expressed in leaves and localized in chloroplasts. Overexpressing MsLEA1 increased alfalfa tolerance to drought and Al stresses, but downregulating MsLEA1 decreased the tolerance. We observed a larger stomatal aperture and a lower water use efficiency in MsLEA1 RNAi lines compared with wild-type plants under drought stress. Photosynthetic rate, Rubisco activity, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased or decreased in MsLEA1-OE or MsLEA1-RNAi lines, respectively, under drought and Al stress. Copper/zinc SOD (Cu/Zn-SOD), iron SOD (Fe-SOD), and Rubisco large subunit proteins (Ms1770) were identified as binding partners of MsLEA1, which protected chloroplast structure and function under drought and Al stress. These results indicate that MsLEA1 recruits and protects its target proteins (SOD and Ms1770) and increases alfalfa tolerance against drought and Al stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimin Lv
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Liantai Su
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Nana Fan
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wuwu Wen
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yuan An
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201101, China
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6
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Gu X, Li L, Li S, Shi W, Zhong X, Su Y, Wang T. Adaptive evolution and co-evolution of chloroplast genomes in Pteridaceae species occupying different habitats: overlapping residues are always highly mutated. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:511. [PMID: 37880608 PMCID: PMC10598918 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04523-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The evolution of protein residues depends on the mutation rates of their encoding nucleotides, but it may also be affected by co-evolution with other residues. Chloroplasts function as environmental sensors, transforming fluctuating environmental signals into different physiological responses. We reasoned that habitat diversity may affect their rate and mode of evolution, which might be evidenced in the chloroplast genome. The Pteridaceae family of ferns occupy an unusually broad range of ecological niches, which provides an ideal system for analysis. RESULTS We conducted adaptive evolution and intra-molecular co-evolution analyses of Pteridaceae chloroplast DNAs (cpDNAs). The results indicate that the residues undergoing adaptive evolution and co-evolution were mostly independent, with only a few residues being simultaneously involved in both processes, and these overlapping residues tend to exhibit high mutations. Additionally, our data showed that Pteridaceae chloroplast genes are under purifying selection. Regardless of whether we grouped species by lineage (which corresponded with ecological niches), we determined that positively selected residues mainly target photosynthetic genes. CONCLUSIONS Our work provides evidence for the adaptive evolution of Pteridaceae cpDNAs, especially photosynthetic genes, to different habitats and sheds light on the adaptive evolution and co-evolution of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Gu
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Lingling Li
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Sicong Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wanxin Shi
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiaona Zhong
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yingjuan Su
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
- Research Institute of Sun Yat-sen University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518057, China.
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Chae HB, Jung YJ, Paeng SK, Jung HS, Lee SY, Lee JR. Functional changes of OsTrxm from reductase to molecular chaperone under heat shock stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 203:108005. [PMID: 37776672 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitous disulfide reductases, thioredoxins (Trxs), function in the redox balance of all living organisms. Although the roles of the rice (Oryza sativa) Trx m-type isoform (OsTrxm) in chloroplast development have been already published, biochemical and molecular functions of OsTrxm remain to be elucidated for decades. The OsTrxm and its two conserved active cysteine mutant (OsTrxm C95S/C98S, referred to as OsTrxmC/S) proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana were overexpressed to characterize in vivo roles of active cysteines of OsTrxm. Interestingly, the OsTrxm overexpressed variant plants were resistant to heat shock treatment. Especially OsTrxmC/S with higher molecular weight (HMW) complexes showed higher heat tolerance than OsTrxm with lower molecular weight (LMW) structure in Arabidopsis thaliana. To confirm the importance of active cysteines on structural changes under heat stress, OsTrxm and OsTrxmC/S proteins were bacterially expressed and isolated. This study found that two proteins have various structures ranging from LMW to HMW complexes and have potential functions as a disulfide reductase and a molecular chaperone, which has never been reported anywhere. The function of molecular chaperone predominated in the HMW complexes, whereas the disulfide reductase function was observed in LMW forms. These results suggest that the active cysteines of OsTrxm play a critical role in protein structural change as well as heat tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Byoung Chae
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21(+)), PMBBRC, and Plant Biological Rhythm Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Young Jun Jung
- National Institute of Ecology, 1210 Geumgang-ro, Maseo-myeon, Seocheon-gun, 33657, Republic of Korea
| | - Seol Ki Paeng
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21(+)), PMBBRC, and Plant Biological Rhythm Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Hyun Suk Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yeol Lee
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21(+)), PMBBRC, and Plant Biological Rhythm Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Jung Ro Lee
- National Institute of Ecology, 1210 Geumgang-ro, Maseo-myeon, Seocheon-gun, 33657, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Sun Y, Li J, Zhang L, Lin R. Regulation of chloroplast protein degradation. J Genet Genomics 2023:S1673-8527(23)00049-8. [PMID: 36863685 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2023.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts are unique organelles that not only provide sites for photosynthesis and many metabolic processes, but also are sensitive to various environmental stresses. Chloroplast proteins are encoded by genes from both nuclear and chloroplast genomes. During chloroplast development and responses to stresses, the robust protein quality control systems are essential for regulation of protein homeostasis and the integrity of chloroplast proteome. In this review, we summarize the regulatory mechanisms of chloroplast protein degradation refer to protease system, ubiquitin-proteasome system, and the chloroplast autophagy. These mechanisms symbiotically play a vital role in chloroplast development and photosynthesis under both normal or stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475001, China
| | - Jialong Li
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475001, China.
| | - Rongcheng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
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9
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Research progress on maintaining chloroplast homeostasis under stress conditions: a review. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2023; 55:173-182. [PMID: 36840466 PMCID: PMC10157539 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2023022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
On a global scale, drought, salinity, extreme temperature, and other abiotic stressors severely limit the quality and yield of crops. Therefore, it is crucial to clarify the adaptation strategies of plants to harsh environments. Chloroplasts are important environmental sensors in plant cells. For plants to thrive in different habitats, chloroplast homeostasis must be strictly regulated, which is necessary to maintain efficient plant photosynthesis and other metabolic reactions under stressful environments. To maintain normal chloroplast physiology, two important biological processes are needed: the import and degradation of chloroplast proteins. The orderly import of chloroplast proteins and the timely degradation of damaged chloroplast components play a key role in adapting plants to their environment. In this review, we briefly described the mechanism of chloroplast TOC-TIC protein transport. The importance and recent progress of chloroplast protein turnover, retrograde signaling, and chloroplast protein degradation under stress are summarized. Furthermore, the potential of targeted regulation of chloroplast homeostasis is emphasized to improve plant adaptation to environmental stresses.
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Hipsch M, Michael Y, Lampl N, Sapir O, Cohen Y, Helman D, Rosenwasser S. Early detection of late blight in potato by whole-plant redox imaging. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 113:649-664. [PMID: 36534114 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Late blight caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans is a most devastating disease of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum). Its early detection is crucial for suppressing disease spread. Necrotic lesions are normally seen in leaves at 4 days post-inoculation (dpi) when colonized cells are dead, but early detection of the initial biotrophic growth stage, when the pathogen feeds on living cells, is challenging. Here, the biotrophic growth phase of P. infestans was detected by whole-plant redox imaging of potato plants expressing chloroplast-targeted reduction-oxidation sensitive green fluorescent protein (chl-roGFP2). Clear spots on potato leaves with a lower chl-roGFP2 oxidation state were detected as early as 2 dpi, before any visual symptoms were recorded. These spots were particularly evident during light-to-dark transitions, and reflected the mislocalization of chl-roGFP2 outside the chloroplasts. Image analysis based on machine learning enabled systematic identification and quantification of spots, and unbiased classification of infected and uninfected leaves in inoculated plants. Comparing redox with chlorophyll fluorescence imaging showed that infected leaf areas that exhibit mislocalized chl-roGFP2 also showed reduced non-photochemical quenching and enhanced quantum PSII yield (ΦPSII) compared with the surrounding leaf areas. The data suggest that mislocalization of chloroplast-targeted proteins is an efficient marker of late blight infection, and demonstrate how it can be utilized for non-destructive monitoring of the disease biotrophic stage using whole-plant redox imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matanel Hipsch
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7610000, Israel
| | - Yaron Michael
- Department of Soil & Water Sciences, Institute of Environmental Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Nardy Lampl
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7610000, Israel
| | - Omer Sapir
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7610000, Israel
| | - Yigal Cohen
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 5290000, Israel
| | - David Helman
- Department of Soil & Water Sciences, Institute of Environmental Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
- The Advanced School for Environmental Studies, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shilo Rosenwasser
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7610000, Israel
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Elbasyoni IS, Eltaher S, Morsy S, Mashaheet AM, Abdallah AM, Ali HG, Mariey SA, Baenziger PS, Frels K. Novel Single-Nucleotide Variants for Morpho-Physiological Traits Involved in Enhancing Drought Stress Tolerance in Barley. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3072. [PMID: 36432800 PMCID: PMC9696095 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) thrives in the arid and semi-arid regions of the world; nevertheless, it suffers large grain yield losses due to drought stress. A panel of 426 lines of barley was evaluated in Egypt under deficit (DI) and full irrigation (FI) during the 2019 and 2020 growing seasons. Observations were recorded on the number of days to flowering (NDF), total chlorophyll content (CH), canopy temperature (CAN), grain filling duration (GFD), plant height (PH), and grain yield (Yield) under DI and FI. The lines were genotyped using the 9K Infinium iSelect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) genotyping platform, which resulted in 6913 high-quality SNPs. In conjunction with the SNP markers, the phenotypic data were subjected to a genome-wide association scan (GWAS) using Bayesian-information and Linkage-disequilibrium Iteratively Nested Keyway (BLINK). The GWAS results indicated that 36 SNPs were significantly associated with the studied traits under DI and FI. Furthermore, eight markers were significant and common across DI and FI water regimes, while 14 markers were uniquely associated with the studied traits under DI. Under DI and FI, three (11_10326, 11_20042, and 11_20170) and five (11_20099, 11_10326, 11_20840, 12_30298, and 11_20605) markers, respectively, had pleiotropic effect on at least two traits. Among the significant markers, 24 were annotated to known barley genes. Most of these genes were involved in plant responses to environmental stimuli such as drought. Overall, nine of the significant markers were previously reported, and 27 markers might be considered novel. Several markers identified in this study could enable the prediction of barley accessions with optimal agronomic performance under DI and FI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim S. Elbasyoni
- Crop Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22516, Egypt
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Shamseldeen Eltaher
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), University of Sadat City (USC), Sadat City 32897, Egypt
| | - Sabah Morsy
- Crop Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22516, Egypt
| | - Alsayed M. Mashaheet
- Plant Pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Abdallah
- Natural Resources and Agricultural Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22516, Egypt
| | - Heba G. Ali
- Barley Research Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, 9 Gamma Street-Giza, Cairo 12619, Egypt
| | - Samah A. Mariey
- Barley Research Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, 9 Gamma Street-Giza, Cairo 12619, Egypt
| | - P. Stephen Baenziger
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Katherine Frels
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
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Grover S, Cardona JB, Zogli P, Alvarez S, Naldrett MJ, Sattler SE, Louis J. Reprogramming of sorghum proteome in response to sugarcane aphid infestation. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 320:111289. [PMID: 35643611 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane aphid (SCA; Melanaphis sacchari Zehntner) is a key piercing-sucking pest of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) that cause significant yield losses. While feeding on host plants, complex signaling networks are invoked from recognition of insect attack to induction of plant defenses. Consequently, these signaling networks lead to the production of insecticidal compounds or limited access of nutrients to insects. Previously, several studies were published on the transcriptomics analysis of sorghum in response to SCA infestation, but no information is available on the physiological changes of sorghum at the proteome level. We used the SCA resistant sorghum genotype SC265 for the global proteomics analysis after 1 and 7 days of SCA infestation using the TMT-plex technique. Peptides matching a total of 4211 proteins were identified and 158 proteins were differentially expressed at day 1 and 7. Overall, proteome profiling of SC265 after SCA infestation at days 1 and 7 revealed the suppression of plant defense-related proteins and upregulation of plant defense and signaling-related proteins, respectively. The plant defense responses based on proteome data were validated using electrical penetration graph (EPG) technique to observe changes in aphid feeding. Feeding behavior analyses revealed that SCA spent significantly longer time in phloem phase on SCA infested plants for day 1 and lesser time in day 7 SCA infested sorghum plants, compared to their respective control plants. Overall, our study provides insights into underlying mechanisms that contribute to sorghum resistance to SCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjan Grover
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | | | - Prince Zogli
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Sophie Alvarez
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Nebraska Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Michael J Naldrett
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Nebraska Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Scott E Sattler
- Wheat, Sorghum, and Forage Research Unit, US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Joe Louis
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln NE 68583, USA.
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Jiao Q, Zhang M, Zada A, Hu X, Jia T. DJC78 is a cochaperone that interacts with cpHsc70-1 in the chloroplasts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 626:236-242. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.07.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Schwenkert S, Fernie AR, Geigenberger P, Leister D, Möhlmann T, Naranjo B, Neuhaus HE. Chloroplasts are key players to cope with light and temperature stress. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 27:577-587. [PMID: 35012879 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Under natural environmental conditions, changes in light intensity and temperature are closely interwoven, and of all organelles, only chloroplasts react strongly upon alterations of these two parameters. We review increasing evidence indicating that changes in chloroplast metabolism are critical for the comprehensive cellular answer in a challenging environment. This cellular answer starts with rapid modifications of thylakoid-located processes, followed by modifications in the stroma and transport activities across the chloroplast envelope. We propose that the 'modulators' involved contribute to plant stress tolerance and that deciphering of their characteristics is essential to understand 'acclimation'. Especially in times of climatic changes, we must gain knowledge on physiological reactions that might become instrumental for directed breeding strategies aiming to develop stress-tolerant crop plants.
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15
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Popa DG, Lupu C, Constantinescu-Aruxandei D, Oancea F. Humic Substances as Microalgal Biostimulants—Implications for Microalgal Biotechnology. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20050327. [PMID: 35621978 PMCID: PMC9143693 DOI: 10.3390/md20050327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Humic substances (HS) act as biostimulants for terrestrial photosynthetic organisms. Their effects on plants are related to specific HS features: pH and redox buffering activities, (pseudo)emulsifying and surfactant characteristics, capacity to bind metallic ions and to encapsulate labile hydrophobic molecules, ability to adsorb to the wall structures of cells. The specific properties of HS result from the complexity of their supramolecular structure. This structure is more dynamic in aqueous solutions/suspensions than in soil, which enhances the specific characteristics of HS. Therefore, HS effects on microalgae are more pronounced than on terrestrial plants. The reported HS effects on microalgae include increased ionic nutrient availability, improved protection against abiotic stress, including against various chemical pollutants and ionic species of potentially toxic elements, higher accumulation of value-added ingredients, and enhanced bio-flocculation. These HS effects are similar to those on terrestrial plants and could be considered microalgal biostimulant effects. Such biostimulant effects are underutilized in current microalgal biotechnology. This review presents knowledge related to interactions between microalgae and humic substances and analyzes the potential of HS to enhance the productivity and profitability of microalgal biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Gabriela Popa
- Faculty of Biotechnologies, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Mărăști Blv, No. 59, Sector 1, 011464 Bucharest, Romania;
- Bioproducts Team, Bioresources Department, National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM, Splaiul Independenței No. 202, Sector 6, 060021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Carmen Lupu
- Bioproducts Team, Bioresources Department, National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM, Splaiul Independenței No. 202, Sector 6, 060021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Diana Constantinescu-Aruxandei
- Bioproducts Team, Bioresources Department, National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM, Splaiul Independenței No. 202, Sector 6, 060021 Bucharest, Romania;
- Correspondence: (D.C.-A.); (F.O.)
| | - Florin Oancea
- Faculty of Biotechnologies, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Mărăști Blv, No. 59, Sector 1, 011464 Bucharest, Romania;
- Bioproducts Team, Bioresources Department, National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM, Splaiul Independenței No. 202, Sector 6, 060021 Bucharest, Romania;
- Correspondence: (D.C.-A.); (F.O.)
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16
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Song Y, Feng L, Alyafei MAM, Jaleel A, Ren M. Function of Chloroplasts in Plant Stress Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413464. [PMID: 34948261 PMCID: PMC8705820 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The chloroplast has a central position in oxygenic photosynthesis and primary metabolism. In addition to these functions, the chloroplast has recently emerged as a pivotal regulator of plant responses to abiotic and biotic stress conditions. Chloroplasts have their own independent genomes and gene-expression machinery and synthesize phytohormones and a diverse range of secondary metabolites, a significant portion of which contribute the plant response to adverse conditions. Furthermore, chloroplasts communicate with the nucleus through retrograde signaling, for instance, reactive oxygen signaling. All of the above facilitate the chloroplast’s exquisite flexibility in responding to environmental stresses. In this review, we summarize recent findings on the involvement of chloroplasts in plant regulatory responses to various abiotic and biotic stresses including heat, chilling, salinity, drought, high light environmental stress conditions, and pathogen invasions. This review will enrich the better understanding of interactions between chloroplast and environmental stresses, and will lay the foundation for genetically enhancing plant-stress acclimatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Song
- School of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China;
| | - Li Feng
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China;
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Mohammed Abdul Muhsen Alyafei
- Department of Integrative Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (M.A.M.A.); (A.J.)
| | - Abdul Jaleel
- Department of Integrative Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (M.A.M.A.); (A.J.)
| | - Maozhi Ren
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China;
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-(13)-527313471
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Lyapina I, Ivanov V, Fesenko I. Peptidome: Chaos or Inevitability. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13128. [PMID: 34884929 PMCID: PMC8658490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thousands of naturally occurring peptides differing in their origin, abundance and possible functions have been identified in the tissue and biological fluids of vertebrates, insects, fungi, plants and bacteria. These peptide pools are referred to as intracellular or extracellular peptidomes, and besides a small proportion of well-characterized peptide hormones and defense peptides, are poorly characterized. However, a growing body of evidence suggests that unknown bioactive peptides are hidden in the peptidomes of different organisms. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms of generation and properties of peptidomes across different organisms. Based on their origin, we propose three large peptide groups-functional protein "degradome", small open reading frame (smORF)-encoded peptides (smORFome) and specific precursor-derived peptides. The composition of peptide pools identified by mass-spectrometry analysis in human cells, plants, yeast and bacteria is compared and discussed. The functions of different peptide groups, for example the role of the "degradome" in promoting defense signaling, are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Igor Fesenko
- Department of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Plants, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (I.L.); (V.I.)
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Zhao G, Luo C, Luo J, Li J, Gong H, Zheng X, Liu X, Guo J, Zhou L, Wu H. A mutation in LacDWARF1 results in a GA-deficient dwarf phenotype in sponge gourd (Luffa acutangula). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2021; 134:3443-3457. [PMID: 34390352 PMCID: PMC8440308 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03938-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE A dwarfism gene LacDWARF1 was mapped by combined BSA-Seq and comparative genomics analyses to a 65.4 kb physical genomic region on chromosome 05. Dwarf architecture is one of the most important traits utilized in Cucurbitaceae breeding because it saves labor and increases the harvest index. To our knowledge, there has been no prior research about dwarfism in the sponge gourd. This study reports the first dwarf mutant WJ209 with a decrease in cell size and internodes. A genetic analysis revealed that the mutant phenotype was controlled by a single recessive gene, which is designated Lacdwarf1 (Lacd1). Combined with bulked segregate analysis and next-generation sequencing, we quickly mapped a 65.4 kb region on chromosome 5 using F2 segregation population with InDel and SNP polymorphism markers. Gene annotation revealed that Lac05g019500 encodes a gibberellin 3β-hydroxylase (GA3ox) that functions as the most likely candidate gene for Lacd1. DNA sequence analysis showed that there is an approximately 4 kb insertion in the first intron of Lac05g019500 in WJ209. Lac05g019500 is transcribed incorrectly in the dwarf mutant owing to the presence of the insertion. Moreover, the bioactive GAs decreased significantly in WJ209, and the dwarf phenotype could be restored by exogenous GA3 treatment, indicating that WJ209 is a GA-deficient mutant. All these results support the conclusion that Lac05g019500 is the Lacd1 gene. In addition, RNA-Seq revealed that many genes, including those related to plant hormones, cellular process, cell wall, membrane and response to stress, were significantly altered in WJ209 compared with the wild type. This study will aid in the use of molecular marker-assisted breeding in the dwarf sponge gourd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangjun Zhao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Caixia Luo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China
- College of Agriculture & Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianning Luo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Junxing Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao Gong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoming Zheng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoxi Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinju Guo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Lingyan Zhou
- College of Agriculture & Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, Guangdong, China
| | - Haibin Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China.
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