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Cao Y, Pan Y, Yang Y, Liu T, Wang M, Li Y, Guo S. Variation of mesophyll conductance mediated by nitrogen form is related to changes in cell wall property and chloroplast number. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae112. [PMID: 38919556 PMCID: PMC11197310 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Plants primarily incorporate nitrate (NO3 -) and ammonium (NH4 +) as the primary source of inorganic nitrogen (N); the physiological mechanisms of photosynthesis (A) dropdown under NH4 + nutrition has been investigated in many studies. Leaf anatomy is a major determinant to mesophyll conductance (g m) and photosynthesis; however, it remains unclear whether the photosynthesis variations of plants exposed to different N forms is related to leaf anatomical variation. In this work, a common shrub, Lonicera japonica was hydroponically grown under NH4 +, NO3 - and 50% NH4 +/NO3 -. We found that leaf N significantly accumulated under NH4 +, whereas the photosynthesis was significantly decreased, which was mainly caused by a reduced g m. The reduced g m under NH4 + was related to the decreased intercellular air space, the reduced chloroplast number and especially the thicker cell walls. Among the cell wall components, lignin and hemicellulose contents under NH4 + nutrition were significantly higher than those in the other two N forms and were scaled negatively correlated with g m; while pectin content was independent from N forms. Pathway analysis further revealed that the cell wall components might indirectly regulate g m by influencing the thickness of the cell wall. These results highlight the importance of leaf anatomical variation characterized by modifications of chloroplasts number and cell wall thickness and compositions, in the regulation of photosynthesis in response to varied N sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Cao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jangsu, China
| | - Yonghui Pan
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jangsu, China
| | - Yating Yang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jangsu, China
| | - Tianheng Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jangsu, China
| | - Min Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jangsu, China
| | - Yong Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shiwei Guo
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jangsu, China
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2
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Yang C, Lu J, Xiong Z, Wang B, Ren T, Cong R, Lu Z, Li X. Potassium deficiency enhances imbalances in rice water relations under water deficit by decreasing leaf hydraulic conductance. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14360. [PMID: 38797869 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Potassium (K+) is an essential macronutrient for appropriate plant development and physiology. However, little is known about the mechanisms involved in the regulation of leaf water relations by K under water deficit. A pot experiment with two K supplies of 0.45 and 0 g K2O per pot (3 kg soil per pot) and two watering conditions (well-watered and water-deficit) was conducted to explore the effects of K deficiency on canopy transpiration characteristics, leaf water status, photosynthesis, and hydraulic traits in two rice genotypes with contrasting resistance to drought. The results showed that K deficiency reduced canopy transpiration rate by decreasing stomatal conductance, which led to higher canopy temperatures, resulting in limited water deficit tolerance in rice. In addition, K deficiency led to further substantial reductions in leaf relative water content and water potential under water deficit, which increased the imbalance in leaf water relations under water deficit. Notably, K deficiency limited leaf gas exchange by reducing leaf hydraulic conductance, but decreased the intrinsic water use efficiency under water deficit, especially for the drought-resistant cultivar. Further analysis of the underlying process of leaf hydraulic resistance revealed that the key limiting factor of leaf hydraulic conductance under K deficiency was the outside-xylem hydraulic conductance rather than the xylem hydraulic conductance. Overall, our results provide a comprehensive perspective for assessing leaf water relations under K deficiency, water deficit, and their combined stresses, which will be useful for optimal rice fertilization strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Yang
- College of Resources and Environment / Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianwei Lu
- College of Resources and Environment / Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhihao Xiong
- College of Resources and Environment / Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Wang
- College of Resources and Environment / Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Ren
- College of Resources and Environment / Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Rihuan Cong
- College of Resources and Environment / Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhifeng Lu
- College of Resources and Environment / Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- College of Resources and Environment / Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
- Shuangshui Shuanglü Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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3
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Hu W, Loka DA, Yang Y, Wu Z, Wang J, Liu L, Wang S, Zhou Z. Partial root-zone drying irrigation improves intrinsic water-use efficiency and maintains high photosynthesis by uncoupling stomatal and mesophyll conductance in cotton leaves. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 38693776 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Partial root-zone drying irrigation (PRD) can improve water-use efficiency (WUE) without reductions in photosynthesis; however, the mechanism by which this is attained is unclear. To amend that, PRD conditions were simulated by polyethylene glycol 6000 in a root-splitting system and the effects of PRD on cotton growth were studied. Results showed that PRD decreased stomatal conductance (gs) but increased mesophyll conductance (gm). Due to the contrasting effects on gs and gm, net photosynthetic rate (AN) remained unaffected, while the enhanced gm/gs ratio facilitated a larger intrinsic WUE. Further analyses indicated that PRD-induced reduction of gs was related to decreased stomatal size and stomatal pore area in adaxial and abaxial surface which was ascribed to lower pore length and width. PRD-induced variation of gm was ascribed to the reduced liquid-phase resistance, due to increases in chloroplast area facing to intercellular airspaces and the ratio of chloroplast surface area to total mesophyll cell area exposed to intercellular airspaces, as well as to decreases in the distance between cell wall and chloroplast, and between adjacent chloroplasts. The above results demonstrate that PRD, through alterations to stomatal and mesophyll structures, decoupled gs and gm responses, which ultimately increased intrinsic WUE and maintained AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dimitra A Loka
- Institute of Industrial and Forage Crops, Hellenic Agricultural Organization, Larisa, Greece
| | - Yuanli Yang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqing Wu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Liu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiguo Zhou
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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4
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Yuan P, Zhou G, Yu M, Hammond JP, Liu H, Hong D, Cai H, Ding G, Wang S, Xu F, Wang C, Shi L. Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase 8 increases photosynthesis and seed yield in Brassica napus. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 118:437-456. [PMID: 38198218 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Trehalose-6-phosphate (T6P) functions as a vital proxy for assessing carbohydrate status in plants. While class II T6P synthases (TPS) do not exhibit TPS activity, they are believed to play pivotal regulatory roles in trehalose metabolism. However, their precise functions in carbon metabolism and crop yield have remained largely unknown. Here, BnaC02.TPS8, a class II TPS gene, is shown to be specifically expressed in mature leaves and the developing pod walls of Brassica napus. Overexpression of BnaC02.TPS8 increased photosynthesis and the accumulation of sugars, starch, and biomass compared to wild type. Metabolomic analysis of BnaC02.TPS8 overexpressing lines and CRISPR/Cas9 mutants indicated that BnaC02.TPS8 enhanced the partitioning of photoassimilate into starch and sucrose, as opposed to glycolytic intermediates and organic acids, which might be associated with TPS activity. Furthermore, the overexpression of BnaC02.TPS8 not only increased seed yield but also enhanced seed oil accumulation and improved the oil fatty acid composition in B. napus under both high nitrogen (N) and low N conditions in the field. These results highlight the role of class II TPS in impacting photosynthesis and seed yield of B. napus, and BnaC02.TPS8 emerges as a promising target for improving B. napus seed yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Yuan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Microelement Research Centre, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Guilong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Mingzhu Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Microelement Research Centre, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - John P Hammond
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AR, UK
| | - Haijiang Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Microelement Research Centre, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Dengfeng Hong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- National Research Center of Rapeseed Engineering and Technology, National Rapeseed Genetic Improvement Center (Wuhan Branch), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Hongmei Cai
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Microelement Research Centre, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Guangda Ding
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Microelement Research Centre, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Sheliang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Microelement Research Centre, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Fangsen Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Microelement Research Centre, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Chuang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Microelement Research Centre, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Lei Shi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Microelement Research Centre, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
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Piñero MC, Collado-González J, Otálora G, López-Marín J, Del Amor FM. Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria as Tools to Improve the Growth of Kohlrabi ( Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes) Plants in an Aquaponics System. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:595. [PMID: 38475442 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The use of nitrogen as a fertilizer can be highly risky when used excessively, and it is therefore necessary to find novel techniques to reduce its use. Aquaponics reduces the use of synthetic fertilizers and water, and the leaching of nitrate into the environment. One way to avoid problems due to a reduction in nitrogen availability could be the use of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). This study examines the effect of PGPR on kohlrabi plants grown with a traditional nutrient solution (100S), in combination with "fish water" (50F/50D), or with a supplement of synthetic fertilizers (50F/50D + S). Two formulations were used: T1 (Azospirillum brasilense and Pantoea dispersa) and T2 (Azotobacter salinestris). Irrigation with 50F/50D caused a reduction in several of the measured parameters. The combined application of 50F/50D with T1 attenuated the negative effects. T2 did not present significant effects on the parameters measured. The results obtained with 50F/50D + S hardly showed differences with the 100S. Thus, by irrigating with 50F/50D + S, we were able to maintain the yields while reducing fertilizer use and water. The combined use of T1 and 50F/50D was also positive; however, it would be necessary to continue adjusting the amount of nitrate supplied to maintain production.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Carmen Piñero
- Department of Crop Production and Agri-Technology, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Medioambiental (IMIDA), C/Mayor s/n, 30150 Murcia, Spain
| | - Jacinta Collado-González
- Department of Crop Production and Agri-Technology, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Medioambiental (IMIDA), C/Mayor s/n, 30150 Murcia, Spain
| | - Ginés Otálora
- Department of Crop Production and Agri-Technology, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Medioambiental (IMIDA), C/Mayor s/n, 30150 Murcia, Spain
| | - Josefa López-Marín
- Department of Crop Production and Agri-Technology, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Medioambiental (IMIDA), C/Mayor s/n, 30150 Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco M Del Amor
- Department of Crop Production and Agri-Technology, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Medioambiental (IMIDA), C/Mayor s/n, 30150 Murcia, Spain
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6
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Zhou T, Sun SS, Song HL, Chen JF, Yue CP, Huang JY, Feng YN, Hua YP. Morpho-physiological, Genomic, and Transcriptional Diversities in Response to Potassium Deficiency in Rapeseed ( Brassica napus L.) Genotypes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:2381-2396. [PMID: 38232380 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Variations in the resistance to potassium (K) deficiency among rapeseed genotypes emphasize complicated regulatory mechanisms. In this study, a low-K-sensitivity accession (L49) responded to K deficiency with smaller biomasses, severe leaf chlorosis, weaker photosynthesis ability, and deformed stomata morphology compared to a low-K resistant accession (H280). H280 accumulated more K+ than L49 under low K. Whole-genome resequencing (WGS) revealed a total of 5,538,622 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 859,184 insertions/deletions (InDels) between H280 and L49. RNA-seq identified more differentially expressed K+ transporter genes with higher expression in H280 than in L49 under K deficiency. Based on the K+ profiles, differential expression profiling, weighted gene coexpression network analysis, and WGS data between H280 and L49, BnaC4.AKT1 was proposed to be mainly responsible for root K absorption-mediated low K resistance. BnaC4.AKT1 was expressed preferentially in the roots and localized on the plasma membrane. An SNP and an InDel found in the promoter region of BnaC4.AKT1 were proposed to be responsible for its differential expression between rapeseed genotypes. This study identified a gene resource for improving low-K resistance. It also facilitates an integrated knowledge of the differential physiological and transcriptional responses to K deficiency in rapeseed genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhou
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Si-Si Sun
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hai-Li Song
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jun-Fan Chen
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Cai-Peng Yue
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jin-Yong Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ying-Na Feng
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ying-Peng Hua
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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7
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Liu Y, Wang Y, Wang B, Shi Q, Mao H. Preliminary study on the diagnosis of NK stress based on the puncture mechanical characteristics of cucumber stem. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:26. [PMID: 38172661 PMCID: PMC10763222 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04675-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
To investigate the relationship between stem puncture mechanical characteristics and NK stress diagnosis, the microstructure, surface morphology, cellulose and lignin content, puncture mechanical characteristics, and epidermal cell morphology of cucumber stems were measured herein. The results indicated that the middle stem, which had a diameter of approximately 7000 μm, was more suitable for puncturing due to its lower amount of epidermal hair, and its gradual regularity in shape. Further, the cucumber stems were protected from puncture damage due to their ability to rapidly heal within 25 h.. The epidermal penetration of the cucumber stems increased with the increase in cellulose and lignin, though cellulose played a more decisive role. The epidermal break distance increased with an increase in N application and decreased with an increase in K+ application, but the change in intercellular space caused by K+ supply was the most critical factor affecting the epidermal break distance. In addition, a decrease in K+ concentration led to a decrease in epidermal brittleness, whereas the factors affecting epidermal toughness were more complex. Finally, we found that although the detection of epidermal brittleness and toughness on nutrient stress was poor under certain treatment, the puncture mechanical characteristics of the stem still had a significant indicative effect on N application rate. Therefore, elucidating of the relationship between the puncture mechanical characteristics of the stems and crop nutritional stress is not only beneficial for promoting stem stress physiology research but also for designing on-site nutritional testing equipment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- School of Intelligent Agriculture, Suzhou Polytechnic Institute of Agriculture, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yafei Wang
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bin Wang
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qiang Shi
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China.
- School of Science and Technology, Shanghai Open University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hanping Mao
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China.
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8
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Chen B, Fang J, Piao S, Ciais P, Black TA, Wang F, Niu S, Zeng Z, Luo Y. A meta-analysis highlights globally widespread potassium limitation in terrestrial ecosystems. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:154-165. [PMID: 37804058 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K+ ) is the most abundant inorganic cation in plant cells, playing a critical role in various plant functions. However, the impacts of K on natural terrestrial ecosystems have been less studied compared with nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Here, we present a global meta-analysis aimed at quantifying the response of aboveground production to K addition. This analysis is based on 144 field K fertilization experiments. We also investigate the influences of climate, soil properties, ecosystem types, and fertilizer regimes on the responses of aboveground production. We find that: K addition significantly increases aboveground production by 12.3% (95% CI: 7.4-17.5%), suggesting a widespread occurrence of K limitation across terrestrial ecosystems; K limitation is more prominent in regions with humid climates, acidic soils, or weathered soils; the effect size of K addition varies among climate zones/regions, and is influenced by multiple factors; and previous N : K and K : P thresholds utilized to detect K limitation in wetlands cannot be applied to other biomes. Our findings emphasize the role of K in limiting terrestrial productivity, which should be integrated into future terrestrial ecosystems models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baozhang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environment Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A, Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
- School of Remote Sensing and Geomatics Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingchun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environment Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A, Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shilong Piao
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91191, France
| | - Thomas Andrew Black
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Fei Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Information and Economics, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Shuli Niu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zhenzhong Zeng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yiqi Luo
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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9
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Ye X, Gao Z, Xu K, Li B, Ren T, Li X, Cong R, Lu Z, Cakmak I, Lu J. Photosynthetic plasticity aggravates the susceptibility of magnesium-deficient leaf to high light in rapeseed plants: the importance of Rubisco and mesophyll conductance. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:483-497. [PMID: 37901950 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Plants grown under low magnesium (Mg) soils are highly susceptible to encountering light intensities that exceed the capacity of photosynthesis (A), leading to a depression of photosynthetic efficiency and eventually to photooxidation (i.e., leaf chlorosis). Yet, it remains unclear which processes play a key role in limiting the photosynthetic energy utilization of Mg-deficient leaves, and whether the plasticity of A in acclimation to irradiance could have cross-talk with Mg, hence accelerating or mitigating the photodamage. We investigated the light acclimation responses of rapeseed (Brassica napus) grown under low- and adequate-Mg conditions. Magnesium deficiency considerably decreased rapeseed growth and leaf A, to a greater extent under high than under low light, which is associated with higher level of superoxide anion radical and more severe leaf chlorosis. This difference was mainly attributable to a greater depression in dark reaction under high light, with a higher Rubisco fallover and a more limited mesophyll conductance to CO2 (gm ). Plants grown under high irradiance enhanced the content and activity of Rubisco and gm to optimally utilize more light energy absorbed. However, Mg deficiency could not fulfill the need to activate the higher level of Rubisco and Rubisco activase in leaves of high-light-grown plants, leading to lower Rubisco activation and carboxylation rate. Additionally, Mg-deficient leaves under high light invested more carbon per leaf area to construct a compact leaf structure with smaller intercellular airspaces, lower surface area of chloroplast exposed to intercellular airspaces, and CO2 diffusion conductance through cytosol. These caused a more severe decrease in within-leaf CO2 diffusion rate and substrate availability. Taken together, plant plasticity helps to improve photosynthetic energy utilization under high light but aggravates the photooxidative damage once the Mg nutrition becomes insufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Ye
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ziyi Gao
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Binglin Li
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tao Ren
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Rihuan Cong
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhifeng Lu
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ismail Cakmak
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, 34956, Turkey
| | - Jianwei Lu
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
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10
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Ali A, Alghanem SMS, Al-Haithloul HAS, Muzammil S, Adrees M, Irfan E, Waseem M, Anayat A, Saqalein M, Rizwan M, Ali S, Abeed AHA. Co-application of copper nanoparticles and metal tolerant Bacillus sp. for improving growth of spinach plants in chromium contaminated soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 345:140495. [PMID: 37865204 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) is classified as a toxic metal as it exerts harmful effects on plants and human life. Bacterial-assisted nano-phytoremediation is an emerging and environment friendly technique that can be used for the detoxification of such pollutants. In current study, pot experiment was conducted in which spinach plants were grown in soil containing chromium (0, 5, 10, 20 mgkg-1) and treated with selected strain of Bacillus sp. and Cu-O nanoparticle (CuONPs). Data related to plant's growth, physiological parameters, and biochemical tests was collected and analyzed using an appropriate statistical test. It was observed that under chromium stress, all plant's growth parameters were significantly enhanced in response to co-application of CuONPs and Bacillus sp. Similarly, higher levels of catalase, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, and hydrogen peroxide were also observed. However, contents of anthocyanin, carotenoid, total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a & b, were lowered under chromium stress, which were raised in response to the combined application of CuONPs and Bacillus sp. Moreover, this co-application has significant positive effect on total soluble protein, free amino acid, and total phenolics. From this study, it was evident that combined application of Bacillus sp. and CuONP alleviated metal-induced toxicity in spinach plants. The findings from current study may provide new insights for agronomic research for the utilization of bacterial-assisted nano-phytoremediation of contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arslan Ali
- Institute of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Saima Muzammil
- Institute of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adrees
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Effa Irfan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Waseem
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Alia Anayat
- Soil & Water Testing Laboratory, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saqalein
- Institute of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan; Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Amany H A Abeed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
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11
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Li C, Aluko OO, Shi S, Mo Z, Nong T, Shi C, Li Z, Wang Q, Liu H. Determination of optimal NH 4+/K + concentration and corresponding ratio critical for growth of tobacco seedlings in a hydroponic system. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1152817. [PMID: 37496856 PMCID: PMC10368480 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1152817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Inherently, ammonium (NH4 +) is critical for plant growth; however, its toxicity suppresses potassium (K+) uptake and vice-versa. Hence, attaining a nutritional balance between these two ions (NH4 + and K+) becomes imperative for the growth of tobacco seedlings. Therefore, we conducted a 15-day experimental study on tobacco seedlings exposed to different concentrations (47 treatments) of NH4 +/K+ at different corresponding 12 ratios simultaneously in a hydroponic system. Our study aimed at establishing the optimal NH4 +-K+ concentration and the corresponding ratio required for optimal growth of different tobacco plant organs during the seedling stage. The controls were the baseline for comparison in this study. Plants with low or excessive NH4 +-K+ concentration had leaf chlorosis or dark greenish colouration, stunted whole plant part biomass, and thin roots. We found that adequate K+ supply is a pragmatic way to mitigate NH4 +-induced toxicity in tobacco plants. The optimal growth for tobacco leaf and root was attained at NH4 +-K+ concentrations 2-2 mM (ratio 1:1), whereas stem growth was optimal at NH4 +-K+ 1-2 mM (1:2). The study provided an insight into the right combination of NH4 +/K+ that could mitigate or prevent NH4 + or K+ stress in the tobacco seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanzong Li
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Oluwaseun Olayemi Aluko
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Sujuan Shi
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Technology Center, Shanghai Tobacco Company, Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijie Mo
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Yichang City Company, Hubei Tobacco Company, Yichang, China
| | - Tongjia Nong
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Chuhan Shi
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhihao Li
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Yichang City Company, Hubei Tobacco Company, Yichang, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Haobao Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
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12
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Tian H, Sun H, Zhu L, Zhang K, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Zhu J, Liu X, Bai Z, Li A, Tian L, Liu L, Li C. Response of in situ root phenotypes to potassium stress in cotton. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15587. [PMID: 37361035 PMCID: PMC10290453 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Potassium plays a significant role in the basic functions of plant growth and development. Potassium uptake is closely associated with morphological characteristics of the roots. However, the dynamic characteristics of phenotype and lifespan of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) lateral roots and root hairs under low and high potassium stress remain unclear. In this study, potassium stress experiments (low and high potassium, medium potassium as control) were conducted using RhizoPot (an in situ root observation device) to determine the response characteristics of lateral roots and root hairs in cotton under potassium stress. The plant morphology, photosynthetic characteristics, root phenotypic changes, and lifespan of lateral roots and root hairs were measured. Potassium accumulation, aboveground phenotype, photosynthetic capacity, root length density, root dry weight, root diameter, lateral root lifespan, and root hair lifespan under low potassium stress were significantly decreased compared to medium potassium treatment. However, the root hair length of the former was significantly increased than that of the latter. Potassium accumulation and the lateral root lifespan were significantly increased under high potassium treatment, while root length density, root dry weight, root diameter, root hair length, and root hair lifespan were significantly decreased compared to the medium potassium treatment. Notably, there were no significant differences in aboveground morphology and photosynthetic characters. Principal component analysis revealed that lateral root lifespan, root hair lifespan of the first lateral root, and root hair length significantly correlated with potassium accumulation. The root had similar regularity responses to low and high potassium stress except for lifespan and root hair length. The findings of this study enhance the understanding of the phenotype and lifespan of cotton's lateral roots and root hairs under low and high potassium stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/ Key Laboratory of North China Water-saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province/College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Hongchun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/ Key Laboratory of North China Water-saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province/College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Lingxiao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/ Key Laboratory of North China Water-saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province/College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/ Key Laboratory of North China Water-saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province/College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Yongjiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/ Key Laboratory of North China Water-saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province/College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Haina Zhang
- Cotton Research Institute, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology and Genetic Breeding in Huanghuaihai Semi-Arid Region, Ministry of Agriculture /Hebei Branch of National Cotton Improvement Center, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jijie Zhu
- Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/ Key Laboratory of North China Water-saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province/College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Zhiying Bai
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/ Key Laboratory of North China Water-saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province/College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Anchang Li
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/ Key Laboratory of North China Water-saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province/College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Liwen Tian
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Liantao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/ Key Laboratory of North China Water-saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province/College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Cundong Li
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/ Key Laboratory of North China Water-saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province/College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
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13
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Li YT, Gao HY, Zhang ZS. Effects of Environmental and Non-Environmental Factors on Dynamic Photosynthetic Carbon Assimilation in Leaves under Changing Light. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2015. [PMID: 37653932 PMCID: PMC10223794 DOI: 10.3390/plants12102015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Major research on photosynthesis has been carried out under steady light. However, in the natural environment, steady light is rare, and light intensity is always changing. Changing light affects (usually reduces) photosynthetic carbon assimilation and causes decreases in biomass and yield. Ecologists first observed the importance of changing light for plant growth in the understory; other researchers noticed that changing light in the crop canopy also seriously affects yield. Here, we review the effects of environmental and non-environmental factors on dynamic photosynthetic carbon assimilation under changing light in higher plants. In general, dynamic photosynthesis is more sensitive to environmental and non-environmental factors than steady photosynthesis, and dynamic photosynthesis is more diverse than steady photosynthesis. Finally, we discuss the challenges of photosynthetic research under changing light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Li
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Hui-Yuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Zi-Shan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
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14
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Shu Y, Huang G, Zhang Q, Peng S, Li Y. Reduction of photosynthesis under P deficiency is mainly caused by the decreased CO 2 diffusional capacities in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 198:107680. [PMID: 37031546 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus is one of the most important essential mineral elements for plant growth and development. It has been widely recognized that phosphorus deficiency can lead to the significant declines in leaf photosynthetic rate and leaf area. However, the internal mechanism associated with the leaf anatomical traits has not been well understood. In present study, a hydroponic experiment was conducted to study the effect of phosphorus deficiency on leaf growth and photosynthesis in Jimai 22 (JM22, Triticum aestivum L.) and Suk Landarace 26 (SL26, Triticum aestivum L.). With the decrease in phosphorus concentration, leaf photosynthetic rate and leaf area in SL26 and JM22 all decreased significantly, but the decrease in leaf area occurred earlier than that in leaf photosynthetic rate. The thresholds of phosphorus concentration to maintain a high photosynthesis were 145.5 and 138.7 mg m-2, respectively, in SL26 and JM22; and they were 197.5 and 212.0 mg m-2, respectively, for leaf growth. The decrease in leaf photosynthetic rate under low P conditions was mainly caused by the lowered stomatal conductance and mesophyll conductance, and to a less extent by the decrease in biochemical capacities. The decrease in stomatal conductance was attributed to the smaller vascular bundle area, xylem conduits area and the lower leaf hydraulic conductance. However, the reduction in mesophyll conductance was not related to either the cell wall thickness or the development of chloroplast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Guanjun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, School of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Qiangqiang Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Shaobing Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Yong Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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15
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Gao Z, Li J, Liu S, Chen Y. Within-leaf chloroplasts and nitrogen allocation to thylakoids in relation to photosynthesis during grain filling in maize. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 196:830-840. [PMID: 36868131 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is an important contributor to photosynthetic rate (Pn). However, during grain-filling stage in maize, some leaf N is remobilized to meet demands for grain protein accumulation rather than photosynthetic demands. Therefore, plants that can maintain a relatively high Pn during the N remobilization process would have the key to achieving both high grain yields (HGY) and high grain protein concentrations (HGPC). In this study, we investigated two high-yielding maize hybrids in photosynthetic apparatus and N allocation in a two-year field experiment. During grain filling, XY335 had a higher Pn and photosynthetic N-use efficiency than ZD958 had in the upper leaf, but not in the middle or lower leaves. In the upper leaf, the diameter and area of the bundle sheath (BS) were larger and the distance between bundle sheaths was greater in XY335 than in ZD958. XY335 had more bundle sheath cells (BSCs) and a larger BSC area, as well as a larger chloroplast area in the BSC, resulting in a higher total number and total area of chloroplasts in the BS. XY335 also had higher stomatal conductance (gs), intercellular CO2 concentration, and N allocation to the thylakoids. No genotypic differences were found in mesophyll cell ultrastructure, N content and starch content in the three types of leaves. Therefore, a trifecta of higher gs, greater N allocation to thylakoids for photo-phosphorylation and electron transport, and more and larger chloroplasts promoting CO2 assimilation in the BS confers a high Pn to simultaneously achieve HGY and high HGPC in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Gao
- College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266109, China
| | - Jiuzhou Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266109, China
| | - Shutang Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266109, China
| | - Yanling Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266109, China.
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16
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Kayoumu M, Iqbal A, Muhammad N, Li X, Li L, Wang X, Gui H, Qi Q, Ruan S, Guo R, Zhang X, Song M, Dong Q. Phosphorus Availability Affects the Photosynthesis and Antioxidant System of Contrasting Low-P-Tolerant Cotton Genotypes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020466. [PMID: 36830024 PMCID: PMC9952849 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient, and an important component of plant metabolism. However, little is known about the effects of low P availability on P absorption, the photosynthetic electron transport chain, and the antioxidant system in cotton. This study used cotton genotypes (sensitive FJA and DLNTDH and tolerant BX014 and LuYuan343) with contrasting low-P tolerance in a hydroponic experiment under 15 µM, 50 µM, and 500 μM P concentrations. The results showed that low P availability reduced plant development and leaf area, shoot length, and dry weight in FJA and DLNADH, compared to BX014 and LuYuan343. The low P availability decreased the gas-exchange parameters such as the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance, and increased the intercellular CO2 concentration. Chlorophyll a fluorescence demonstrated that the leaves' absorption and trapped-energy flux were largely steady. In contrast, considerable gains in absorption and trapped-energy flux per reaction center resulted from decreases in the electron transport per reaction center under low-P conditions. In addition, low P availability reduced the activities of antioxidant enzymes and increased the content of malondialdehyde in the cotton genotypes, especially in FJA and DLNTDH. Moreover, low P availability reduced the activity of PEPC and generated a decline in the content of ATP and NADPH. Our research can provide a theoretical physiological basis for the growth and tolerance of cotton under low-P conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirezhatijiang Kayoumu
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Asif Iqbal
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang 455000, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji 831100, China
- Department of Agriculture, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Noor Muhammad
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Xiaotong Li
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Leilei Li
- Rice Cultivation Laboratory, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiangru Wang
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Huiping Gui
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Qian Qi
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Sijia Ruan
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Ruishi Guo
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Xiling Zhang
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang 455000, China
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (M.S.); (Q.D.); Tel.: +86-0372-2562-308 (Q.D.)
| | - Meizhen Song
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang 455000, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji 831100, China
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (M.S.); (Q.D.); Tel.: +86-0372-2562-308 (Q.D.)
| | - Qiang Dong
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang 455000, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji 831100, China
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (M.S.); (Q.D.); Tel.: +86-0372-2562-308 (Q.D.)
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17
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Shukla PS, Nivetha N, Nori SS, Bose D, Kumar S, Khandelwal S, Critchley A, Suryanarayan S. Understanding the mode of action of AgroGain ®, a biostimulant derived from the red seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii in the stimulation of cotyledon expansion and growth of Cucumis sativa (cucumber). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1136563. [PMID: 37089639 PMCID: PMC10118050 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1136563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Seaweed-based biostimulants are sustainable agriculture inputs that are known to have a multitude of beneficial effects on plant growth and productivity. This study demonstrates that Agrogain® (Product code: LBS6), a Kappaphycus alvarezii-derived biostimulant induced the expansion of cucumber cotyledons. Seven days treatment of LBS6-supplementation showed a 29.2% increase in area of expanded cotyledons, as compared to the control. LBS6-treated cotyledons also showed higher amylase activity, suggesting starch to sucrose conversion was used efficiently as an energy source during expansion. To understand the mechanisms of LBS6-induced expansion, real time gene expression analysis was carried out. This revealed that LBS6-treated cotyledons differentially modulated the expression of genes involved in cell division, cell number, cell expansion and cell size. LBS6 treatment also differentially regulated the expression of those genes involved in auxin and cytokinin metabolism. Further, foliar application of LBS6 on cucumber plants being grown under hydroponic conditions showed improved plant growth as compared to the control. The total leaf area of LBS6-sprayed plants increased by 19.1%, as compared to control. LBS6-sprayed plants efficiently regulated photosynthetic quenching by reducing loss via non-photochemical and non-regulatory quenching. LBS6 applications also modulated changes in the steady-state photosynthetic parameters of the cucumber leaves. It was demonstrated that LBS6 treatment modulated the electron and proton transport related pathways which help plants to efficiently utilize the photosynthetic radiation for optimal growth. These results provide clear evidence that bioactive compounds present in LBS6 improved the growth of cucumber plants by regulating the physiological as well as developmental pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushp Sheel Shukla
- Research and Development Division, Sea6 Energy Private Limited, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Platforms, National Centre for Biological Sciences-Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- *Correspondence: Pushp Sheel Shukla, ; Sri Sailaja Nori,
| | - Nagarajan Nivetha
- Research and Development Division, Sea6 Energy Private Limited, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Platforms, National Centre for Biological Sciences-Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sri Sailaja Nori
- Research and Development Division, Sea6 Energy Private Limited, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Platforms, National Centre for Biological Sciences-Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- *Correspondence: Pushp Sheel Shukla, ; Sri Sailaja Nori,
| | - Debayan Bose
- Research and Development Division, Sea6 Energy Private Limited, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Platforms, National Centre for Biological Sciences-Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sawan Kumar
- Research and Development Division, Sea6 Energy Private Limited, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Platforms, National Centre for Biological Sciences-Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sachin Khandelwal
- Research and Development Division, Sea6 Energy Private Limited, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Platforms, National Centre for Biological Sciences-Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Alan Critchley
- Verschuren Centre for Sustainability in Energy and the Environment, Sydney, NS, Canada
| | - Shrikumar Suryanarayan
- Research and Development Division, Sea6 Energy Private Limited, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Platforms, National Centre for Biological Sciences-Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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18
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Hu W, Lu Z, Gu H, Ye X, Li X, Cong R, Ren T, Lu J. Potassium availability influences the mesophyll structure to coordinate the conductance of CO 2 and H 2 O during leaf expansion. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:2987-3000. [PMID: 35864569 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Leaf growth relies on photosynthesis and hydraulics to provide carbohydrates and expansion power; in turn, leaves intercept light and construct organism systems for functioning. Under potassium (K) deficiency stress, leaf area, photosynthesis and hydraulics are all affected by alterations in leaf structure. However, the connection between changes in leaf growth and function caused by the structure under K regulation is unclear. Consequently, the leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf ) and photosynthetic rate (A) combined with leaf anatomical characteristics of Brassica napus were continuously observed during leaf growth under different K supply levels. The results showed that Kleaf and A decreased simultaneously after leaf area with the increasing K deficiency stress. K deficiency significantly increased longitudinal mesophyll cell investment, leading to a reduced volume fraction of intercellular air-space (fias ) and decreased leaf expansion rate. Furthermore, reduced fias decreased mesophyll and chloroplast surfaces exposed to intercellular airspace and gas phase H2 O transport, which induced coordinated changes in CO2 mesophyll conductance and hydraulic conductance in extra-xylem pathways. Adequate K supply facilitated higher fias through smaller palisade tissue cell density (loose mesophyll cell arrangement) and smaller spongy tissue cell size, which coordinated CO2 and H2 O conductance and promoted leaf area expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshi Hu
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhifeng Lu
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Hehe Gu
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaolei Ye
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Rihuan Cong
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Ren
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianwei Lu
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
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19
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Yao Q, Zhang Z, Lv X, Chen X, Ma L, Sun C. Estimation Model of Potassium Content in Cotton Leaves Based on Wavelet Decomposition Spectra and Image Combination Features. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:920532. [PMID: 35909757 PMCID: PMC9326404 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.920532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K) is one of the most important elements influencing cotton metabolism, quality, and yield. Due to the characteristics of strong fluidity and fast redistribution of the K in plants, it leads to rapid transformation of the K lack or abundance in plant leaves; therefore, rapid and accurate estimation of potassium content in leaves (LKC, %) is a necessary prerequisite to solve the regulation of plant potassium. In this study, we concentrated on the LKC of cotton in different growth stages, an estimation model based on the combined characteristics of wavelet decomposition spectra and image was proposed, and discussed the potential of different combined features in accurate estimation of the LKC. We collected hyperspectral imaging data of 60 main-stem leaves at the budding, flowering, and boll setting stages of cotton, respectively. The original spectrum (R) is decomposed by continuous wavelet transform (CWT). The competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) and random frog (RF) algorithms combined with partial least squares regression (PLSR) model were used to determine the optimal decomposition scale and characteristic wavelengths at three growth stages. Based on the best "CWT spectra" model, the grayscale image databases were constructed, and the image features were extracted by using color moment and gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM). The results showed that the best decomposition scales of the three growth stages were CWT-1, 3, and 9. The best growth stage for estimating LKC in cotton was the boll setting stage, with the feature combination of "CWT-9 spectra + texture," and its determination coefficients (R 2val) and root mean squared error (RMSEval) values were 0.90 and 0.20. Compared with the single R model (R 2val = 0.66, RMSEval = 0.34), the R 2val increased by 0.24. Different from our hypothesis, the combined feature based on "CWT spectra + color + texture" cannot significantly improve the estimation accuracy of the model, it means that the performance of the estimation model established with more feature information is not correspondingly better. Moreover, the texture features contributed more to the improvement of model performance than color features did. These results provide a reference for rapid and non-destructive monitoring of the LKC in cotton.
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20
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Lu Z, Hu W, Ye X, Lu J, Gu H, Li X, Cong R, Ren T. Potassium regulates diel leaf growth of Brassica napus by coordinating the rhythmic carbon supply and water balance. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:3686-3698. [PMID: 35176159 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Carbon and water are two main factors limiting leaf expansion. Restriction of leaf growth by low availability of carbon or water is among the earliest visible effects of potassium (K) deficiency. It is not known how K is involved in regulating the rhythmic supply of these two substrates, which differ remarkably across the day-night cycle, affecting leaf expansion. We investigated the effects of different K regimes on the time courses of leaf expansion, carbon assimilation, carbohydrates, and hydraulic properties of Brassica napus. Potassium supply increased leaf area, predominantly by promoting night-time leaf expansion (>60%), which was mainly associated with increased availability of carbohydrates from photosynthetic carbon fixation and import from old leaves rather than improvement of leaf hydraulics. However, sufficient K improved leaf hydraulic conductance to balance diurnal evaporative water loss and increase the osmotic contribution of water-soluble carbohydrates, thereby maintaining leaf turgor and increasing the daytime expansion rate. The results also indicated an ontogenetic role of K in modifying the amplitude of circadian expansion; almost 80% of the increase in leaf area occurred before the area reached 66.9% of the mature size. Our data provide mechanistic insight into K-mediated diel coordination of rhythmic carbon supply and water balance in leaf expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Lu
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wenshi Hu
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaolei Ye
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jianwei Lu
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hehe Gu
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Rihuan Cong
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tao Ren
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
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21
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Ayalew T, Yoseph T, Högy P, Cadisch G. Leaf growth, gas exchange and assimilation performance of cowpea varieties in response to Bradyrhizobium inoculation. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08746. [PMID: 35106387 PMCID: PMC8789522 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplying nitrogen to crops through selecting high N fixing legumes and effective inoculant is one of the key strategies to improve crop productivity. However, studies related to the effect of Bradyrhizobial inoculation on leaf growth, its functioning in relation to photosynthesis, and transpiration efficiency (WUE) of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] varieties in the tropics were inadequate. A two-year field experiment was conducted at three sites to evaluate the effect of inoculation on leaf growth, gas exchanges and photosynthetic efficiency of cowpea varieties. The study treatments were composed of four varieties, Keti (IT99K-1122), TVU, Black eye bean, and White wonderer trailing and three levels of inoculation (non-inoculated or inoculated with Bradyrhizobium strains CP-24 or CP-37). Gas exchange was measured on live plants at 67–77 days after sowing, between 8:00 to 11:00 a.m. and 14:00 to 16:00 p.m. Leaf growth parameters (leaf number and leaf area) were measured by destructive sampling, and the yield data was determined by harvesting plants in the three central rows at physiological maturity. Variety TVU performed best in terms of leaf number, photosynthesis rate, and WUE. Whereas, Black eye bean revealed superior performances for leaf area, leaf area index, and stomatal conductance compared with the rest two varieties. The effect of inoculation was significant with 14.0, 23.8, 13.7, and 11.0% advantage in leaf area, leaf area index, net photosynthesis, and WUE, respectively. Moreover, the performance of cowpea of the 2018 cropping season showed a relative advantage over 2019 in terms of leaf number, leaf area, leaf area index, net photosynthesis, and stomatal conductance. Therefore, inoculating cowpea varieties with effective Bradyrhizobium strain can be a viable alternative to enhance growth, gas exchange, photosynthetic efficiency, and grain yield.
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22
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Hou Z, Xu D, Deng N, Li Y, Yang L, Li S, Zhou H, Huang Q, Wang X. Comparative Proteomics of Mulberry Leaves at Different Developmental Stages Identify Novel Proteins Function Related to Photosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:797631. [PMID: 35003187 PMCID: PMC8739898 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.797631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mulberry leaves at different positions are different in photosynthetic rate, nutrient substance and feeding impact to silkworms. Here, we investigated the proteomic differences of the first (L1), sixth (L6), and twentieth (L20) mulberry leaves at different stem positions (from top to the base) using a label-free quantitative proteomics approach. L1 contained less developed photosynthetic apparatus but was more active in protein synthesis. L20 has more channel proteins and oxidoreductases relative to L6. Proteins that detected in all measured leaves were classified into three groups according to their expression patterns in L1, L6, and L20. The protein group that displayed the maximum amount in L6 has the highest possibility that function related to photosynthesis. Nine function unknown proteins belong to this group were further analyzed in the light responsive expression, evolutionary tree and sub-cellular localization analysis. Based on the results, five proteins were suggested to be involved in photosynthesis. Taken together, these results reveal the molecular details of different roles of mulberry leaves at different developmental stages and contribute to the identification of five proteins that might function related to photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dashun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Na Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Luoling Yang
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuxuan Li
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qintao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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23
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Liu M, Liu X, Du X, Korpelainen H, Niinemets Ü, Li C. Anatomical variation of mesophyll conductance due to salt stress in Populus cathayana females and males growing under different inorganic nitrogen sources. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:1462-1478. [PMID: 33554242 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Synergistic regulation in leaf architecture and photosynthesis is essential for salt tolerance. However, how plant sex and inorganic nitrogen sources alter salt stress-dependent photosynthesis remains unknown. Leaf anatomical characteristics and photosynthesis of Populus cathayana Rehder females and males were investigated under salt stress conditions combined with nitrate NO3- and ammonium NH4+ supplies to clarify the underlying mechanisms. In salt-stressed females, we observed an increased mesophyll spongy cell density, a reduced chloroplast density, a decreased surface area of chloroplasts adjacent to the intercellular air space (Sc/S) and an increased mesophyll cell area per transverse section width (S/W), consequently causing mesophyll conductance (gm) and photosynthesis inhibition, especially under NH4+ supply. Conversely, males with a greater mesophyll palisade tissue thickness and chloroplast density, but a lower spongy cell density had lower S/W and higher Sc/S, and higher gm and photosynthesis. NH4+-fed females had a lower CO2 conductance through cell wall and stromal conductance perpendicular to the cell wall, but a higher chloroplast conductance from the cell wall (gcyt1) than females supplied with NO3-, whereas males had a higher chloroplast conductance and lower CO2 conductance through cell wall when supplied with NO3- instead of NH4+ under salt stress. These findings indicate sex-specific strategies in coping with salt stress related to leaf anatomy and gm under both types of nitrogen supplies, which may contribute to sex-specific CO2 capture and niche segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Liu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Yuhangtang Road 2318, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Xiucheng Liu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Yuhangtang Road 2318, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Xuhua Du
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Bamboo Resources and Utilization, China National Bamboo Research Center, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Wenyi Road 310, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Helena Korpelainen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, PO P.O. Box 27, Latokartanonkaari 5, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, 10130 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Chunyang Li
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Yuhangtang Road 2318, Hangzhou 311121, China
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24
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Hu W, Lu Z, Meng F, Li X, Cong R, Ren T, Lu J. Potassium modulates central carbon metabolism to participate in regulating CO 2 transport and assimilation in Brassica napus leaves. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 307:110891. [PMID: 33902852 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K) regulates plant metabolism and enhances plant's ability to adapt to adversity. However, under different K deficiency stress, the net photosynthetic rate (An) was reduced, influenced by CO2 conductance or biochemical capacities. The interplay between metabolome and photosynthetic characteristics under K deficiency stress was analyzed to explore the mechanisms by which K regulates photosynthetic capacity. With increasing K deficiency stress, dominations limiting An varied from CO2 conductance to biochemical limitations. Multivariate analyses indicated that organic acids, amino acids and sedoheptulose-7-bisphosphate were significantly related to An, CO2 conductance and carboxylation rate. Under moderate K deficiency, organic acids were up-regulated. Acidification of subcellular compartments reduced sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase activity, inducing downregulation of sedoheptulose-7-bisphosphate and hindrance of ribulose bisphosphate regeneration. Moreover, increased CO2 shortage with increasing K deficiency induced a shift of increased citric acid to amino acid synthesis, causing excessive accumulation of amino acids. In addition, the reduced serine level indicated impaired photorespiration. These two changes triggered more serious reduction in photosynthetic capacity. The intimate, changes in photosynthetic capacities were tightly coupled with shifts in central C metabolism, which provides insights into the methods used to enhance An and plant's adaptability to abiotic stresses, through the regulation of C metabolites using molecular technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshi Hu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River) Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Zhifeng Lu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River) Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Fanjin Meng
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River) Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Xiaokun Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River) Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Rihuan Cong
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River) Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Tao Ren
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River) Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Jianwei Lu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River) Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China.
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25
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Flexas J, Clemente-Moreno MJ, Bota J, Brodribb TJ, Gago J, Mizokami Y, Nadal M, Perera-Castro AV, Roig-Oliver M, Sugiura D, Xiong D, Carriquí M. Cell wall thickness and composition are involved in photosynthetic limitation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:3971-3986. [PMID: 33780533 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The key role of cell walls in setting mesophyll conductance to CO2 (gm) and, consequently, photosynthesis is reviewed. First, the theoretical properties of cell walls that can affect gm are presented. Then, we focus on cell wall thickness (Tcw) reviewing empirical evidence showing that Tcw varies strongly among species and phylogenetic groups in a way that correlates with gm and photosynthesis; that is, the thicker the mesophyll cell walls, the lower the gm and photosynthesis. Potential interplays of gm, Tcw, dehydration tolerance, and hydraulic properties of leaves are also discussed. Dynamic variations of Tcw in response to the environment and their implications in the regulation of photosynthesis are discussed, and recent evidence suggesting an influence of cell wall composition on gm is presented. We then propose a hypothetical mechanism for the influence of cell walls on photosynthesis, combining the effects of thickness and composition, particularly pectins. Finally, we discuss the prospects for using biotechnology for enhancing photosynthesis by altering cell wall-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume Flexas
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Institut d'Investigacions Agroambientals i d'Economia de l'Aigua (INAGEA) - Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), Ctra Valldemossa Km 7.5., 07122, Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - María J Clemente-Moreno
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Institut d'Investigacions Agroambientals i d'Economia de l'Aigua (INAGEA) - Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), Ctra Valldemossa Km 7.5., 07122, Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Josefina Bota
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Institut d'Investigacions Agroambientals i d'Economia de l'Aigua (INAGEA) - Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), Ctra Valldemossa Km 7.5., 07122, Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Tim J Brodribb
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Jorge Gago
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Institut d'Investigacions Agroambientals i d'Economia de l'Aigua (INAGEA) - Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), Ctra Valldemossa Km 7.5., 07122, Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Yusuke Mizokami
- Laboratory of Applied Ecology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miquel Nadal
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Institut d'Investigacions Agroambientals i d'Economia de l'Aigua (INAGEA) - Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), Ctra Valldemossa Km 7.5., 07122, Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Alicia V Perera-Castro
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Institut d'Investigacions Agroambientals i d'Economia de l'Aigua (INAGEA) - Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), Ctra Valldemossa Km 7.5., 07122, Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Margalida Roig-Oliver
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Institut d'Investigacions Agroambientals i d'Economia de l'Aigua (INAGEA) - Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), Ctra Valldemossa Km 7.5., 07122, Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Daisuke Sugiura
- Laboratory of Crop Science, Department of Plant Production Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Dongliang Xiong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Marc Carriquí
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
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26
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Dellero Y, Jossier M, Bouchereau A, Hodges M, Leport L. Leaf Phenological Stages of Winter Oilseed Rape ( Brassica napus L.) Have Conserved Photosynthetic Efficiencies but Contrasted Intrinsic Water Use Efficiencies at High Light Intensities. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:659439. [PMID: 33936148 PMCID: PMC8083057 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.659439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence in source leaves leads to the active degradation of chloroplast components [photosystems, chlorophylls, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco)] and plays a key role in the efficient remobilization of nutrients toward sink tissues. However, the progression of leaf senescence can differentially modify the photosynthetic properties of source leaves depending on plant species. In this study, the photosynthetic and respiratory properties of four leaf ranks of oilseed rape describing leaf phenological stages having different sink-source activities were analyzed. To achieve this, photosynthetic pigments, total soluble proteins, Rubisco amounts, and the light response of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters coupled to leaf gas exchanges and leaf water content were measured. Photosynthetic CO2 assimilation and electron transfer rates, Rubisco and chlorophyll levels per leaf area were gradually decreased between young, mature and senescent leaves but they remained highly correlated at saturating light intensities. However, senescent leaves of oilseed rape had a lower intrinsic water use efficiency compared to young and mature leaves at saturating light intensities that was mainly due to higher stomatal conductance and transpiration rate with respect to stomatal density and net CO2 assimilation. The results are in favor of a concerted degradation of chloroplast components but a contrasted regulation of water status between leaves of different phenological stages of winter oilseed rape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younès Dellero
- Institute for Genetics, Environment and Plant Protection (IGEPP), National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Institut Agro, Université Rennes, Le Rheu, France
| | - Mathieu Jossier
- Université Paris-Saclay, NAtional Committee of Scientific Research (CNRS), National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Orsay, France
| | - Alain Bouchereau
- Institute for Genetics, Environment and Plant Protection (IGEPP), National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Institut Agro, Université Rennes, Le Rheu, France
| | - Michael Hodges
- Université Paris-Saclay, NAtional Committee of Scientific Research (CNRS), National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Orsay, France
| | - Laurent Leport
- Institute for Genetics, Environment and Plant Protection (IGEPP), National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Institut Agro, Université Rennes, Le Rheu, France
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Liu M, Wang Y, Liu X, Korpelainen H, Li C. Intra- and intersexual interactions shape microbial community dynamics in the rhizosphere of Populus cathayana females and males exposed to excess Zn. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 402:123783. [PMID: 33254793 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we intended to investigate the responses of rhizospheric bacterial communities of Populus cathayana to excess Zn under different planting patterns. The results suggested that intersexual and intrasexual interactions strongly affect plant growth and Zn extraction in both sexes, as well as rhizosphere-associated bacterial community structures. Females had a higher capacity of Zn accumulation and translocation than males under all planting patterns. Males had lower Zn accumulation and translocation under intersexual than under intrasexual interaction; the contrary was true for females. Females harbored abundant Streptomyces and Nocardioides in their rhizosphere, similarly to males under intersexual interaction, but differed from single-sex males under excess Zn. Conversely, intersexual interaction increased the abundance of key taxa Actinomycetales and Betaproteobacteria in both sexes exposed to excess Zn. Males improved the female rhizospheric microenvironment by increasing the abundance of some key tolerance taxa of Chloroflexi, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria in both sexes under excess Zn in intersexual interaction. These results indicated that the sex of neighboring plants affected sexual differences in the choice of specific bacterial colonizations for phytoextraction and tolerance to Zn-contaminated soils, which might regulate the spatial segregation and phytoremediation potential of P. cathayana females and males under heavy metal contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Liu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Xiucheng Liu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Helena Korpelainen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, P.O. Box 27, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Chunyang Li
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
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