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Wu W, Shi J, Jin J, Liu Z, Yuan Y, Chen Z, Zhang S, Dai W, Lin Z. Comprehensive metabolic analyses provide new insights into primary and secondary metabolites in different tissues of Jianghua Kucha tea ( Camellia sinensis var. assamica cv. Jianghua). Front Nutr 2023; 10:1181135. [PMID: 37275632 PMCID: PMC10235520 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1181135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Jianghua Kucha (JHKC) is a special tea germplasm with enriched specialized secondary metabolites, including theacrine, non-epimeric flavanols and methylated flavanols. Moreover, primary metabolites provide precursors and energy for the production of secondary metabolites. However, the accumulation patterns of primary and secondary metabolites in different tissues of JHKC are unclear. Methods The changes of primary and secondary metabolites and related metabolic pathways (primary and secondary metabolism) in different JHKC tissues (the bud, 1st-4th leaves, and new stem) were investigated via metabolomics analysis with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF/MS). Results Significant differences were observed in 68 primary and 51 secondary metabolites mainly related with the pathways of starch and sucrose, amino acids, caffeine, and flavanols metabolism and TCA cycle. The bud exhibited higher levels of glucose-6-phosphate, citric acid, most amino acids, theobromine, catechin-gallate, epicatechin-gallate, procyanidins, and theasinensins; the 1st leaf showed higher levels of caffeine and epigallocatechin-3-gallate; and the 4th leaf contained higher levels of most monosaccharides, theacrine, and epigallocatechin-3-O-(3"-O-methyl)-gallate. In addition, primary metabolites and important secondary metabolites had certain correlations. Conclusion This study provides comprehensive insight into primary and secondary metabolites in JHKC and offers guidelines for efficiently utilizing specialized metabolites of JHKC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenliang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Tea Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiqiang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Tea Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yong Yuan
- Hunan Tea Group Co., Ltd., Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhida Chen
- Chenzhou Guyanxiang Tea Co., Ltd., Chenzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Shuguang Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Weidong Dai
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Abdalla M, Schweiger AH, Berauer BJ, McAdam SAM, Ahmed MA. Constant hydraulic supply and ABA dynamics facilitate the trade-offs in water and carbon. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1140938. [PMID: 37008480 PMCID: PMC10064056 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1140938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-water trade-offs in plants are adjusted through stomatal regulation. Stomatal opening enables carbon uptake and plant growth, whereas plants circumvent drought by closing stomata. The specific effects of leaf position and age on stomatal behavior remain largely unknown, especially under edaphic and atmospheric drought. Here, we compared stomatal conductance (gs ) across the canopy of tomato during soil drying. We measured gas exchange, foliage ABA level and soil-plant hydraulics under increasing vapor pressure deficit (VPD). Our results indicate a strong effect of canopy position on stomatal behavior, especially under hydrated soil conditions and relatively low VPD. In wet soil (soil water potential > -50 kPa), upper canopy leaves had the highest gs (0.727 ± 0.154 mol m-2 s-1) and assimilation rate (A; 23.4 ± 3.9 µmol m-2 s-1) compared to the leaves at a medium height of the canopy (gs : 0.159 ± 0.060 mol m2 s-1; A: 15.9 ± 3.8 µmol m-2 s-1). Under increasing VPD (from 1.8 to 2.6 kPa), gs , A and transpiration were initially impacted by leaf position rather than leaf age. However, under high VPD (2.6 kPa), age effect outweighed position effect. The soil-leaf hydraulic conductance was similar in all leaves. Foliage ABA levels increased with rising VPD in mature leaves at medium height (217.56 ± 85 ng g-1 FW) compared to upper canopy leaves (85.36 ± 34 ng g-1 FW). Under soil drought (< -50 kPa), stomata closed in all leaves resulting in no differences in gs across the canopy. We conclude that constant hydraulic supply and ABA dynamics facilitate preferential stomatal behavior and carbon-water trade-offs across the canopy. These findings are fundamental in understanding variations within the canopy, which helps in engineering future crops, especially in the face of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohanned Abdalla
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Chair of Soil Physics, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum, Khartoum North, Sudan
- Chair of Soil-Root Interactions, TUM School of Life Science, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Andreas H. Schweiger
- Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, Department of Plant Ecology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Bernd J. Berauer
- Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, Department of Plant Ecology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Scott A. M. McAdam
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Mutez Ali Ahmed
- Chair of Soil Physics, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
- Chair of Soil-Root Interactions, TUM School of Life Science, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
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Yang H, Chen Y, Shido JM, Hamasaki RT, Iwaoka WT, Nakamoto ST, Wang H, Li QX. Potential Health Risk of Aluminum in Four Camellia sinensis Cultivars and Its Content as a Function of Leaf Position. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:11952. [PMID: 36231252 PMCID: PMC9564882 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191911952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tea plants can accumulate aluminum (Al) in their leaves to a greater extent than most other edible plants. Few studies, however, address the Al concentration in leaves at different positions, which is important information for tea quality control. Leaves from four different cultivars of Camellia sinensis L. grown in Hawaii were analyzed for Al concentrations at 10 different leaf positions. Each cultivar was harvested in the winter and summer to determine seasonal variations of Al concentrations in the leaves. The results showed that Al concentrations in the winter leaves were an average of 1.2-fold higher than those in the summer leaves, although the seasonal variations were not statistically significant. The total Al concentration of successively lower leaves showed an exponential increase (R2 ≥ 0.900) for all four cultivars in the summer season, whereas those of the winter leaves fit a bi-phase linear regression (R2 ≥ 0.968). The regression of the Al concentrations against the top-5 leaf positions in the winter season fit one linear regression, while that against leaf positions 6-11 fit another linear regression. The average Al concentrations between the third leaf and the shoot plus first two leaves increased approximately 2.7-fold and 1.9-fold for all cultivars in the winter and summer months, respectively. The Al concentrations in the rest of the leaves increased approximately 1.5-fold in a sequential order. The target hazard quotient being between 1.69 × 10-2 and 5.06 × 10-1 in the tea leaf samples of the four cultivars in Hawaii were all less than 1, suggesting negligible health risks for consumers. The results of this study may be useful for directing harvest practices and estimating tea quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Yang
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jennifer M. Shido
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Randall T. Hamasaki
- Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Wayne T. Iwaoka
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Stuart T. Nakamoto
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qing X. Li
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
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Hou Z, Xu D, Deng N, Li Y, Yang L, Li S, Zhou H, Huang Q, Wang X. Comparative Proteomics of Mulberry Leaves at Different Developmental Stages Identify Novel Proteins Function Related to Photosynthesis. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:797631. [PMID: 35003187 PMCID: PMC8739898 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.797631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mulberry leaves at different positions are different in photosynthetic rate, nutrient substance and feeding impact to silkworms. Here, we investigated the proteomic differences of the first (L1), sixth (L6), and twentieth (L20) mulberry leaves at different stem positions (from top to the base) using a label-free quantitative proteomics approach. L1 contained less developed photosynthetic apparatus but was more active in protein synthesis. L20 has more channel proteins and oxidoreductases relative to L6. Proteins that detected in all measured leaves were classified into three groups according to their expression patterns in L1, L6, and L20. The protein group that displayed the maximum amount in L6 has the highest possibility that function related to photosynthesis. Nine function unknown proteins belong to this group were further analyzed in the light responsive expression, evolutionary tree and sub-cellular localization analysis. Based on the results, five proteins were suggested to be involved in photosynthesis. Taken together, these results reveal the molecular details of different roles of mulberry leaves at different developmental stages and contribute to the identification of five proteins that might function related to photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dashun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Na Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Luoling Yang
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuxuan Li
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qintao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Zhang Q, Liu M, Mumm R, Vos RCH, Ruan J. Metabolomics reveals the within-plant spatial effects of shading on tea plants. Tree Physiol 2021; 41:317-330. [PMID: 33104217 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that green tea made from fully developed leaves located at the base of young shoots is of lower quality than that made from the still developing leaves located on the top of the shoot. It has additionally been shown that plant shading can significantly improve green tea quality. Here, we aimed to get more insight into the effects of shading on the overall metabolome in different parts of the tea shoots. To do this, field-grown tea plants were shaded by coverage with either a straw layer or a black net, both blocking the daylight intensity for more than 90%. Both the first (i.e. still developing) leaf and the fourth (i.e. fully developed) leaf, as well as the stem of young shoots were harvested and subjected to complementary untargeted metabolomics approaches, using accurate mass LC-Orbitrap-Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FTMS) for profiling both semi-polar and lipid-soluble compounds and GC-TOF-MS for profiling polar compounds. In total, 1419 metabolites were detected. Shading resulted in a decreased ratio of polyphenols to amino acids (which improves the quality of green tea) and lower levels of galloylated catechins in the shoots. The positive effect of shading on the amino acid/catechin ratio was more pronounced in the fully developed (fourth) than in the developing (first) leaves. Furthermore, many metabolites, especially organic acids, carbohydrates and amino acids, showed differential or opposite responses to the shading treatments between the three shoot tissues investigated, suggesting a within-plant spatial regulation or transport/redistribution of carbon and nitrogen resources between the tissues of the growing young shoots. This work provides new insight into the spatial effects of shading on tea plants, which could further help to increase tea quality by improving cultivation measures for plant shading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunfeng Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Plant Biology and Resource Application of Tea, the Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Meiya Liu
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Plant Biology and Resource Application of Tea, the Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Roland Mumm
- Wageningen Plant Research, Bioscience, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708, PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ric C H Vos
- Wageningen Plant Research, Bioscience, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708, PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jianyun Ruan
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Plant Biology and Resource Application of Tea, the Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Lin MA, Chang-Jie C, Li-Ping K, Yu-Huan M, Yan F, Lan-Ping G, Da-Hui L, Lu-Qi H. [Effects of different planting density, leaf position and leaf age on growth and quality of Artemisia argyi var. argyi 'Qiai']. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2020; 45:4031-4040. [PMID: 33164386 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20200623.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In order to guide the standardized planting and scientific harvesting of Artemisia argyi var. argyi 'Qiai', effects of diffe-rent planting density, leaf position and leaf age on the growth and quality of A. argyi var. argyi 'Qiai' were studied in this paper. The results showed that appropriate sparse planting could increase stem diameter, compact leaf spacing, increase the leaf size, reduce the rate of withered leaves and increase the number of effective leaves. Dense planting can significantly increase the yield of A. argyi var. argyi 'Qiai' per Mu(1 Mu≈667 m~2) and the output rate of moxa, but reduce the yield per plant and the number of effective leaves. With the decrease of leaf position and the increase of leaf age, the leaf size and the weight of one hundred leaves increased at first and then decreased, the density of non-glandular hair field of the lower epidermis and the output rate of moxa decreased. With the increase of planting density, the contents of eucalyptus oleoresin, camphor, α-platyclone, and cyanidin decreased gradually, the contents of chlorogenic acid, isochlorogenic acid B, isochlorogenic acid A and isochlorogenic acid C in the leaves of A. argyi var. argyi 'Qiai' increased gradually, while the contents of borneol, bornyl acetate and isozelanin increased at first and then decreased significantly. With the decrease of leaf position and the increase of leaf age, the contents of volatile oil, phenolic acid and flavonoid in A. argyi var. argyi 'Qiai' decreased gradually. PCA analysis can divide the leaf quality characteristics of A. argyi var. argyi 'Qiai' into two parts: the middle and upper 10-30 days leaf age, the middle and lower 40-50 days above leaf age. Based on the above factors, the planting density of 28 000 plants/Mu(row spacing of 10 cm×20 cm) can be selected for cultivation of A. argyi var. argyi 'Qiai' rhizome, and the effective plants in the field are about 142 800 plants/Mu. In terms of harvesting, it is suggested that the A. argyi var. argyi 'Qiai' should be harvested on "March 3 rd" and "May 5 th" of the lunar calendar. If it is the traditionally harvested at one time in May, the A. argyi var. argyi 'Qiai' should be divided into two parts: the middle and upper leaves, the middle and lower leaves, so as to achieve high quality and high price of A. argyi var. argyi 'Qiai' leaves and improve the economic benefits of A. argyi var. argyi 'Qiai' planting.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Lin
- Pharmacy Faculty, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Chen Chang-Jie
- Pharmacy Faculty, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Kang Li-Ping
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Miao Yu-Huan
- Pharmacy Faculty, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Fang Yan
- Pharmacy Faculty, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Guo Lan-Ping
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Liu Da-Hui
- Pharmacy Faculty, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Huang Lu-Qi
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
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Bauerle WL, McCullough C, Iversen M, Hazlett M. Leaf Age and Position Effects on Quantum Yield and Photosynthetic Capacity in Hemp Crowns. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:E271. [PMID: 32092905 PMCID: PMC7076434 DOI: 10.3390/plants9020271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We examined the aging of leaves prior to abscission and the consequences for estimating whole-crown primary production in Cannabis sativa L. (hemp). Leaves at three vertical positions in hemp crowns were examined from initial full leaf expansion until 42 days later. Photosynthetic capacity decreased as leaves aged regardless of crown position, light intensity, or photoperiod. Although leaves remained green, the photosynthetic capacity declined logarithmically to values of 50% and 25% of the maximum 9 and 25 days later, respectively. Plants grown under +450 μmol m-2 s-1 supplemental photosynthetically active radiation or enriched diffuse light responded similarly; there was no evidence that photoperiod or enriched diffuse light modified the gas exchange pattern. At approximately 14 days after full leaf expansion, leaf light levels >500 μmol m-2 s-1 decreased photosynthesis, which resulted in ≥10% lower maximum electron transport rate at ≥ 20 days of growth period. Furthermore, leaves were saturated at lower light levels as leaf age progressed (≤500 μmol m-2 s-1). Incorporating leaf age corrections of photosynthetic physiology is needed when estimating hemp primary production.
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Affiliation(s)
- William L. Bauerle
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (C.M.); (M.I.); (M.H.)
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Qiu T, Jiang L, Li S, Yang Y. Small-Scale Habitat-Specific Variation and Adaptive Divergence of Photosynthetic Pigments in Different Alkali Soils in Reed Identified by Common Garden and Genetic Tests. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:2016. [PMID: 28111586 PMCID: PMC5216671 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.02016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Flexibility of photosynthetic pigment traits is an important adaptive mechanism through which plants can increase mean fitness in a variable environment. Unlike morphological traits in plants, photosythesis has been shown to exhibit phenotypic plasticity, responding rapidly to environmental conditions. Meanwhile, local adaptation at small scales is considered to be rare. Thus, detecting the small-scale adaptive divergence of photosynthetic pigments presents a challenge. Leaf concentrations of photosynthetic pigments under stressful conditions may be reduced or maintained. Concentrations of some pigments and/or ratio of Chlorophyll a (Chla) to Chlorophyll b (Chlb) do not change markedly in some species, such as the common reed, Phragmites australis, a cosmopolitan grass and common invader. Little is known about photosynthetic responses of this plant to varying levels of alkali salt. Few studies have attempted to account for the relationship between pigment accumulation and leaf position in wild plant populations in grasslands. In this study, photosynthetic pigment concentrations and the total Chl(a+b)/Car ratio decreased as the growing season progressed and were shown to be significantly lower in the habitat with a higher soil pH value and less moisture when compared between habitats. The Chla/Chlb ratio did not differ significantly between habitats, although it increased significantly over time. Leaves in the middle position may be functionally important in the response to soil conditions because only pigment concentrations and the Chl(a+b)/Car ratio of those leaves varied between habitats significantly. The outlier loci, used to evaluate molecular signatures of selection, were detected by Arlequin, Bayescan, and Bayenv analyses. In the simulated habitats of common garden, the local genotypes had higher values of Chla, Chlb, Chl(a+b), Car in their home habitat than did genotypes originating from the other habitat. QST-FST comparisons provided evidence of divergent selection. It appears likely that soil moisture, pH and electric conductivity drove local adaptation. Combined approaches that utilize information on phenotypes from field and common garden experiments, genome-wide markers, and environmental data will be the most informative for understanding the adaptive nature of the intraspecific divergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal UniversityChangchun, China
- School of Life Sciences, Changchun Normal UniversityChangchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal UniversityChangchun, China
| | - LiLi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal UniversityChangchun, China
| | - ShanZhi Li
- School of Life Sciences, Changchun Normal UniversityChangchun, China
| | - YunFei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal UniversityChangchun, China
- *Correspondence: YunFei Yang
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Sperlich D, Chang CT, Peñuelas J, Gracia C, Sabaté S. Seasonal variability of foliar photosynthetic and morphological traits and drought impacts in a Mediterranean mixed forest. Tree Physiol 2015; 35:501-20. [PMID: 25836361 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpv017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The Mediterranean region is a hot spot of climate change vulnerable to increased droughts and heat waves. Scaling carbon fluxes from leaf to landscape levels is particularly challenging under drought conditions. We aimed to improve the mechanistic understanding of the seasonal acclimation of photosynthesis and morphology in sunlit and shaded leaves of four Mediterranean trees (Quercus ilex L., Pinus halepensis Mill., Arbutus unedo L. and Quercus pubescens Willd.) under natural conditions. Vc,max and Jmax were not constant, and mesophyll conductance was not infinite, as assumed in most terrestrial biosphere models, but varied significantly between seasons, tree species and leaf position. Favourable conditions in winter led to photosynthetic recovery and growth in the evergreens. Under moderate drought, adjustments in the photo/biochemistry and stomatal/mesophyllic diffusion behaviour effectively protected the photosynthetic machineries. Severe drought, however, induced early leaf senescence mostly in A. unedo and Q. pubescens, and significantly increased leaf mass per area in Q. ilex and P. halepensis. Shaded leaves had lower photosynthetic potentials but cushioned negative effects during stress periods. Species-specificity, seasonal variations and leaf position are key factors to explain vegetation responses to abiotic stress and hold great potential to reduce uncertainties in terrestrial biosphere models especially under drought conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sperlich
- Departament d'Ecologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - C T Chang
- Departament d'Ecologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - J Peñuelas
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain CSIC, global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - C Gracia
- Departament d'Ecologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - S Sabaté
- Departament d'Ecologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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