1
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Yang Q, Ral JP, Wei Y, Zheng Y, Li Z, Jiang Q. Genome editing of five starch synthesis genes produces highly resistant starch and dietary fibre in barley grains. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:2051-2053. [PMID: 38415905 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology Research, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Black Mountain, Canberra, Australia
| | | | - Yuming Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Youliang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhongyi Li
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Black Mountain, Canberra, Australia
| | - Qiantao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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2
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Liao L, Shen Y, Xie C, Zhang Y, Yao C. Ultrasonication followed by aqueous two-phase system for extraction, on-site modification and isolation of microalgal starch with reduced digestibility. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2024; 106:106891. [PMID: 38701549 PMCID: PMC11078702 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Microalgae are new and sustainable sources of starch with higher productivity and flexible production modes than conventional terrestrial crops, but the downstream processes need further development. Here, ultrasonication (with power of 200 W or 300 W and duration of 10, 15, 20, or 25 min) was applied to simultaneously extract and modify starch from a marine microalga Tetraselmis subcordiformis for reducing the digestibility, and an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) of ethanol/NaH2PO4 was then used to isolate the starches with varied properties. Increasing ultrasonic duration facilitated the partition of starch into the bottom pellet, while enhancing the ultrasonic power was conducive to the allocation in the interphase of the ATPS. The overall starch recovery yield reached 73 ∼ 87 % and showed no significant difference among the ultrasonic conditions tested. The sequential ultrasonication-ATPS process successfully enriched the starch with purities up to 65 % ∼ 88 %, which was among the top levels reported in microalgal starch isolated. Ultrasonication produced more amylose which was mainly fractionated into the interface of the ATPS. The digestibility of the starch was altered under different ultrasonic conditions and varied from different ATPS phases as well, with the one under the ultrasonic power of 200 W for 15 min at the bottom pellet having the highest resistant starch content (RS, 39.7 %). The structural and compositional analysis evidenced that the ultrasonication-ATPS process could exert impacts on the digestibility through altering the surface roughness and fissures of the starch granules, modulating the impurity compositions (protein and lipid) that could interact with starch, and modifying the long- and short-range ordered structures. The developed ultrasonication-ATPS process provided novel insights into the mechanism and strategy for efficient production of functional starch from microalgae with a potential in industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longren Liao
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Yuhan Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Chenglin Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Yongkui Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Changhong Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China.
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3
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Dong Y, Ghasemzadeh M, Khorsandi Z, Sheibani R, Nasrollahzadeh M. Starch-based hydrogels for environmental applications: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:131956. [PMID: 38692526 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Water sources have become extremely scarce and contaminated by organic and inorganic industrial and agricultural pollutants as well as household wastes. Poisoning water resources by dyes and metals is a problem because contaminated water can leak into subsurface and surface sources, causing serious contamination and health problems. Therefore, developing wastewater treatment technologies is valuable. Today, hydrogels have attracted considerable attention owing to their broad applications. Hydrogels are polymeric network compositions with significant water-imbibing capacity. Hydrogels have potential applications in diverse fields such as biomedical, personal care products, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and biosensors. They can be prepared by using natural (biopolymers) and synthetic polymers. Synthetic polymer-based hydrogels obtained from petrochemicals are not environmentally benign; thus, abundant plant-based polysaccharides are found as more suitable compounds for making biodegradable hydrogels. Polysaccharides with many advantages such as non-toxicity, biodegradability, availability, inexpensiveness, etc. are widely employed for the preparation of environmentally friendly hydrogels. Polysaccharides-based hydrogels containing chitin, chitosan, gum, starch (St), etc. are employed to remove pollutants, metals, and dyes. Among these, St has attracted a lot of attention. St can be mixed with other compounds to make hydrogels, which remove dyes and metal ions to variable degrees of efficiency. Although St has numerous advantages, it suffers from drawbacks such as low stability, low water solubility, and fast degradability in water which limit its application as an environmental adsorbent. As an effective way to overcome these weaknesses, various modification approaches to form starch-based hydrogels (SBHs) employing different compounds have been reported. The preparation methods and applications of SBH adsorbents in organic dyes, hazardous materials, and toxic ions elimination from water resources have been comprehensively discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahao Dong
- Henan Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Materials, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China.
| | | | - Zahra Khorsandi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Qom, Qom 37185-359, Iran
| | - Reza Sheibani
- Amirkabir University of Technology-Mahshahr Campus, University St., Nahiyeh san'ati, Mahshahr, Khouzestan, Iran
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4
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Thompson JE, Edgar KJ. Regioselective and controlled-density branching in amylose esters. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 332:121885. [PMID: 38431390 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report creation of methodology for one-pot synthesis of 2,3-O-acetyl-6-bromo-6-deoxy (2,3Ac-6Br) amylose with controlled degree of substitution of bromide (DS(Br)) followed by quantitative azide substitution as a route to branched polysaccharide derivatives. This methodology affords complete control of "tine" location, and strong control of degree of branching of comb-structured polymers. In this way, we achieved bromination strictly at C6 and esterification at the other hydroxy groups, where the DS(Br) at C6 was well-controlled by bromination/acylation conditions in the one-pot process. Azide displacement of all C6 bromides followed by copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) click reaction with the small molecule tert-butyl propargyl ether (TBPE) demonstrated the potential to create such branched structures. This synthetic method has broad potential to generate well-defined polysaccharide-based comb-like structures, with a degree of structural control that is very unusual in polysaccharide chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey E Thompson
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Kevin J Edgar
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States; Department of Sustainable Biomaterials, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States.
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5
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Wang J, Li Y, Guo X, Zhu K, Wu Z. A Review of the Impact of Starch on the Quality of Wheat-Based Noodles and Pasta: From the View of Starch Structural and Functional Properties and Interaction with Gluten. Foods 2024; 13:1507. [PMID: 38790811 PMCID: PMC11121694 DOI: 10.3390/foods13101507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Starch, as a primary component of wheat, plays a crucial role in determining the quality of noodles and pasta. A deep understanding of the impact of starch on the quality of noodles and pasta is fundamentally important for the industrial progression of these products. The starch structure exerts an influence on the quality of noodles and pasta by affecting its functional attributes and the interaction of starch-gluten proteins. The effects of starch structure (amylopectin structure, amylose content, granules size, damaged starch content) on the quality of noodles and pasta is discussed. The relationship between the functional properties of starch, particularly its swelling power and pasting properties, and the texture of noodles and pasta is discussed. It is important to note that the functional properties of starch can be modified during the processing of noodles and pasta, potentially impacting the quality of the end product, However, this aspect is often overlooked. Additionally, the interaction between starch and gluten is addressed in relation to its impact on the quality of noodles and pasta. Finally, the application of exogenous starch in improving the quality of noodles and pasta is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinrong Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Yonghui Li
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA;
| | - Xiaona Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.G.); (K.Z.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Kexue Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.G.); (K.Z.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zijian Wu
- College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Cold Chain for Agricultural Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300134, China
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6
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Umnajkitikorn K, Boonchuen P, Senavongse R, Tongta S, Tian Y, Hu Y, Petersen BL, Blennow A. Transcriptomics and starch biosynthesis analysis in leaves and developing seeds of mung bean provide a basis for genetic engineering of starch composition and seed quality. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1332150. [PMID: 38751837 PMCID: PMC11094274 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1332150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Mung bean starch is distinguished by its exceptional high amylose content and regulation of starch biosynthesis in leaves and storage tissues, such as seeds, share considerable similarities. Genetic engineering of starch composition and content, requires detailed knowledge of starch biosynthetic gene expression and enzymatic regulation. In this study we applied detailed transcriptomic analyses to unravel the global differential gene expression patterns in mung bean leaves and in seeds during various stages of development. The objective was to identify candidate genes and regulatory mechanisms that may enable generation of desirable seed qualities through the use of genetic engineering. Notable differences in gene expression, in particular low expression of the Protein Targeting to Starch (PTST), starch synthase (SS) 3, and starch branching enzyme1 (SBE1) encoding genes in developing seeds as compared to leaves were evident. These differences were related to starch molecular structures and granule morphologies. Specifically, the starch molecular size distribution at different stages of seed development correlated with the starch biosynthesis gene expression of the SBE1, SS1, granule-bound starch synthases (GBSS) and isoamylase 1 (ISA1) encoding genes. Furthermore, putative hormonal and redox controlled regulation were observed, which may be explained by abscisic acid (ABA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) induced signal transduction, and redox regulation of ferredoxins and thioredoxins, respectively. The morphology of starch granules in leaves and developing seeds were clearly distinguishable and could be correlated to differential expression of SS1. Here, we present a first comprehensive transcriptomic dataset of developing mung bean seeds, and combined these findings may enable generation of genetic engineering strategies of for example starch biosynthetic genes for increasing starch levels in seeds and constitute a valuable toolkit for improving mung bean seed quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamolchanok Umnajkitikorn
- School of Crop Production Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Pakpoom Boonchuen
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Rattanavalee Senavongse
- School of Crop Production Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Sunanta Tongta
- School of Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Yu Tian
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen University, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Yaqi Hu
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen University, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Bent Larsen Petersen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen University, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Andreas Blennow
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen University, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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7
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Chen L, Yang F, Jiang Q, Gao P, Xia W, Yu D. Effect of different starch on masking fishy odor compounds. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131911. [PMID: 38679263 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Starch is a common ingredient to improve gel property of freshwater fish surimi, but the function of natural starch to mask fishy odor compounds in surimi products has not been investigated systematacially. Therefore, this study aimed to determine which natural starch could effectively mask fishy odor compounds and clarify their interaction by GC-MS, FT-IR spectroscopy, raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance. The results showed that when the concentration, crystal type, amylose content, and dispersion degree of starch was 1 %, type C, 48 % (w/v), and 200 mesh with 0.88 span, the starch had the strongest masking effect on typical fishy odor compounds, namely hexanal, 1-Octen-3-ol, (E,E)-2,4-Heptadienal and (E)-2-Octenal. It indicated that complexation and hydrogen bonding both occurred between the fishy odor compounds and starch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Fang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Qixing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Pei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wenshui Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Dongxing Yu
- SoHao Fd-Tech Co., QingDao, ShanDong 266700, China
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8
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Feng H, Cheng B, Lim J, Li B, Li C, Zhang X. Advancements in enhancing resistant starch type 3 (RS3) content in starchy food and its impact on gut microbiota: A review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13355. [PMID: 38685870 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Resistant starch type 3 (RS3), often found in cooked starchy food, has various health benefits due to its indigestible properties and physiological functions such as promoting the abundance of gut beneficial microbial flora and inhibiting the growth of intestinal pathogenic bacteria. However, it is challenging to develop starchy food with high RS3 content. This review aims to provide a detailed overview of current advancements to enhance RS3 content in starchy food and its effects of RS3 on gut microbiota. These approaches include breeding high-amylose cereals through gene editing techniques, processing, enzyme treatments, storage, formation of RS3 nanoparticles, and the incorporation of bioactive compounds. The mechanisms, specific conditions, advantages, and disadvantages associated with each approach and the potential effects of RS3 prepared by different methods on gut microbiota are summarized. In conclusion, this review contains important information that aims to provide guidelines for developing an efficient RS3 preparation process and promote the consumption of RS3-enriched starchy foods to improve overall health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Feng
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Cheng
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jongbin Lim
- Department of Food Bioengineering, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Baoguo Li
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Food & Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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Jayarathna S, Hofvander P, Péter-Szabó Z, Andersson M, Andersson R. GBSS mutations in an SBE mutated background restore the potato starch granule morphology and produce ordered granules despite differences to native molecular structure. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 331:121860. [PMID: 38388056 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Potato starch with mutations in starch branching enzyme genes (SBEI, SBEII) and granule-bound starch synthase gene (GBSS) was characterized for molecular and thermal properties. Mutations in GBSS were here stacked to a previously developed SBEI and SBEII mutation line. Additionally, mutations in the GBSS gene alone were induced in the wild-type variety for comparison. The parental line with mutations in the SBE genes showed a ∼ 40 % increase in amylose content compared with the wild-type. Mutations in GBSS-SBEI-SBEII produced non-waxy, low-amylose lines compared with the wild-type. An exception was a line with one remaining GBSS wild-type allele, which displayed ∼80 % higher amylose content than wild-type. Stacked mutations in GBSS in the SBEI-SBEII parental line caused alterations in amylopectin chain length distribution and building block size categories of whole starch. Correlations between size categories of building blocks and unit chains of amylopectin were observed. Starch in GBSS-SBEI-SBEII mutational lines had elevated peak temperature of gelatinization, which was positively correlated with large building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shishanthi Jayarathna
- Department of Molecular Sciences, BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7015, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Per Hofvander
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 190, SE-23422 Lomma, Sweden
| | - Zsuzsanna Péter-Szabó
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10621 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mariette Andersson
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 190, SE-23422 Lomma, Sweden
| | - Roger Andersson
- Department of Molecular Sciences, BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7015, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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Qiao J, Jia M, Niu J, Zhang Z, Xing B, Liang Y, Li H, Zhang Y, Ren G, Qin P, Zhang L. Amylopectin chain length distributions and amylose content are determinants of viscoelasticity and digestibility differences in mung bean starch and proso millet starch. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131488. [PMID: 38615862 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to reveal the underlying mechanisms of the differences in viscoelasticity and digestibility between mung bean starch (MBS) and proso millet starch (PMS) from the viewpoint of starch fine molecular structure. The contents of amylopectin B2 chains (14.94-15.09 %), amylopectin B3 chains (14.48-15.07 %) and amylose long chains (183.55-198.84) in MBS were significantly higher than PMS (10.45-10.76 %, 12.48-14.07 % and 70.59-88.03, respectively). MBS with higher amylose content (AC, 28.45-31.80 %) not only exhibited a lower weight-average molar mass (91,750.65-128,120.44 kDa) and R1047/1022 (1.1520-1.1904), but also was significantly lower than PMS in relative crystallinity (15.22-23.18 %, p < 0.05). MBS displayed a higher storage modulus (G') and loss modulus (G'') than PMS. Although only MBS-1 showed two distinct and discontinuous phases, MBS exhibited a higher resistant starch (RS) content than PMS (31.63-39.23 %), with MBS-3 having the highest RS content (56.15 %). Correlation analysis suggested that the amylopectin chain length distributions and AC played an important role in affecting the crystal structure, viscoelastic properties and in vitro starch digestibility of MBS and PMS. These results will provide a theoretical and scientific basis for the development of starch science and industrial production of low glycemic index starchy food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Qiao
- School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Min Jia
- School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Jiahui Niu
- School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Bao Xing
- School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yongqiang Liang
- School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Hai Li
- Institute of the High Latitude Crops, Shanxi Agricultural University, Datong 037008, China
| | - Yaowen Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030012, China
| | - Guixing Ren
- School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Peiyou Qin
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China.
| | - Lizhen Zhang
- School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
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11
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Lu XH, Wang YJ, Zhen XH, Yu H, Pan M, Fu DQ, Li RM, Liu J, Luo HY, Hu XW, Yao Y, Guo JC. Functional Characterization of the MeSSIII-1 Gene and Its Promoter from Cassava. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4711. [PMID: 38731930 PMCID: PMC11083483 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Soluble starch synthases (SSs) play important roles in the synthesis of cassava starch. However, the expression characteristics of the cassava SSs genes have not been elucidated. In this study, the MeSSIII-1 gene and its promoter, from SC8 cassava cultivars, were respectively isolated by PCR amplification. MeSSIII-1 protein was localized to the chloroplasts. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the MeSSIII-1 gene was expressed in almost all tissues tested, and the expression in mature leaves was 18.9 times more than that in tuber roots. MeSSIII-1 expression was induced by methyljasmonate (MeJA), abscisic acid (ABA), and ethylene (ET) hormones in cassava. MeSSIII-1 expression patterns were further confirmed in proMeSSIII-1 transgenic cassava. The promoter deletion analysis showed that the -264 bp to -1 bp MeSSIII-1 promoter has basal activity. The range from -1228 bp to -987 bp and -488 bp to -264 bp significantly enhance promoter activity. The regions from -987 bp to -747 bp and -747 bp to -488 bp have repressive activity. These findings will provide an important reference for research on the potential function and transcriptional regulation mechanisms of the MeSSIII-1 gene and for further in-depth exploration of the regulatory network of its internal functional elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hua Lu
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (X.-H.L.); (X.-H.Z.); (M.P.); (X.-W.H.)
| | - Ya-Jie Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Sanya Research Institute, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (Y.-J.W.); (H.Y.); (R.-M.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Xing-Hou Zhen
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (X.-H.L.); (X.-H.Z.); (M.P.); (X.-W.H.)
| | - Hui Yu
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Sanya Research Institute, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (Y.-J.W.); (H.Y.); (R.-M.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Mu Pan
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (X.-H.L.); (X.-H.Z.); (M.P.); (X.-W.H.)
| | - Dong-Qing Fu
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
| | - Rui-Mei Li
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Sanya Research Institute, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (Y.-J.W.); (H.Y.); (R.-M.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Jiao Liu
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Sanya Research Institute, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (Y.-J.W.); (H.Y.); (R.-M.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Hai-Yan Luo
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China;
| | - Xin-Wen Hu
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (X.-H.L.); (X.-H.Z.); (M.P.); (X.-W.H.)
| | - Yuan Yao
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Sanya Research Institute, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (Y.-J.W.); (H.Y.); (R.-M.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Jian-Chun Guo
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Sanya Research Institute, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (Y.-J.W.); (H.Y.); (R.-M.L.); (J.L.)
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12
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Cifuente JO, Colleoni C, Kalscheuer R, Guerin ME. Architecture, Function, Regulation, and Evolution of α-Glucans Metabolic Enzymes in Prokaryotes. Chem Rev 2024; 124:4863-4934. [PMID: 38606812 PMCID: PMC11046441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Bacteria have acquired sophisticated mechanisms for assembling and disassembling polysaccharides of different chemistry. α-d-Glucose homopolysaccharides, so-called α-glucans, are the most widespread polymers in nature being key components of microorganisms. Glycogen functions as an intracellular energy storage while some bacteria also produce extracellular assorted α-glucans. The classical bacterial glycogen metabolic pathway comprises the action of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase and glycogen synthase, whereas extracellular α-glucans are mostly related to peripheral enzymes dependent on sucrose. An alternative pathway of glycogen biosynthesis, operating via a maltose 1-phosphate polymerizing enzyme, displays an essential wiring with the trehalose metabolism to interconvert disaccharides into polysaccharides. Furthermore, some bacteria show a connection of intracellular glycogen metabolism with the genesis of extracellular capsular α-glucans, revealing a relationship between the storage and structural function of these compounds. Altogether, the current picture shows that bacteria have evolved an intricate α-glucan metabolism that ultimately relies on the evolution of a specific enzymatic machinery. The structural landscape of these enzymes exposes a limited number of core catalytic folds handling many different chemical reactions. In this Review, we present a rationale to explain how the chemical diversity of α-glucans emerged from these systems, highlighting the underlying structural evolution of the enzymes driving α-glucan bacterial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier O. Cifuente
- Instituto
Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), University of
the Basque Country, E-48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Christophe Colleoni
- University
of Lille, CNRS, UMR8576-UGSF -Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale
et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Rainer Kalscheuer
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Marcelo E. Guerin
- Structural
Glycobiology Laboratory, Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona (IBMB), Spanish
National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona Science Park, c/Baldiri Reixac 4-8, Tower R, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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13
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Huang X, Zhou X, Liu X, Zhong W, Wang X, Ju Z, Yin Y, Xin Q, Liu N, Liu X, Jin Y, Wang G, Wang J, Ma P. Structural and physicochemical effects on the starch quality of the high-quality wheat genotype caused by delayed sowing. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1389745. [PMID: 38689937 PMCID: PMC11058212 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1389745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Bread wheat is one of the most important food crops associated with ensuring food security and human nutritional health. The starch quality is an important index of high-quality wheat. It is affected by a complex series of factors; among which, suitable sowing time is a key factor. Aim and methods To analyze the integrative effects of sowing time on the starch quality of high-quality wheat, in the present study, we selected a high-quality bread wheat cultivar Jinan 17 and investigated the effect of different sowing times on the starch properties and the related genes by analyzing X-ray diffraction patterns, apparent amylose content, thermal properties, pasting properties, in vitro starch digestibility, and qRT-PCR. Meanwhile, we also investigated the agronomic and yield performance that may be associated with the starch properties. Results Delayed sowing had little effect on starch crystalline morphology, but there was a tendency to reduce the formation of crystals within wheat starch granules: (1) delayed sowing for 15 days altered the thermal properties of starch, including onset, peak and termination temperatures, and enthalpy changes; (2) delayed sowing for 30 days changed the thermal characteristics of starch relatively insignificant; (3) significant differences in pasting characteristics occurred: peak viscosity and hold-through viscosity increased, while final viscosity, breakdown viscosity, and setback viscosity tended to increase and then decrease, suggesting that delayed sowing caused changes in the surface of the starch granules resulting in a decrease in digestibility. Analysis of related genes showed that several key enzymes in starch biosynthesis were significantly affected by delayed sowing, leading to a reduction in apparent straight-chain starch content. In addition to starch properties, thousand-kernel weight also increased under delayed sowing conditions compared with normal sowing. Conclusion The impact of delayed sowing on starch quality is multifaceted and complex, from the fine structure, and functional properties of the starch to the regulation of key gene expression. Our study holds significant practical value for optimizing wheat planting management and maximizing the potential in both quality and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Huang
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Biological Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovative Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Biological Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovative Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Xueqing Liu
- Institute of Grain and Oil Crops, Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Wen Zhong
- Shandong Seed Administration Station, Jinan, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Institute of Grain and Oil Crops, Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Zhengchun Ju
- Shandong Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Yin
- Institute of Grain and Oil Crops, Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Qingguo Xin
- Institute of Grain and Oil Crops, Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Shandong Zhongnong Tiantai Seed Industry Co., Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Ximei Liu
- Shandong Zhongnong Tiantai Seed Industry Co., Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Yuli Jin
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Biological Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovative Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Guie Wang
- Shandong Seed Administration Station, Jinan, China
| | - Jiangchun Wang
- Institute of Grain and Oil Crops, Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Pengtao Ma
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Biological Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovative Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China
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14
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Wu W, Tian W, Li Y, Zhao Q, Liu N, Huang C, Zhu L, Guo D. Sub-high amylose maize starch: an ideal substrate to generate starch with lower digestibility by fermentation of Qu. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024. [PMID: 38578681 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fermentation of Qu (FQ) is a novel method to modify the properties of starch to expand its application and especially to increase the resistant starch (RS) content. Using waxy maize starch (WMS) as a fermentation substrate can increase the RS content significantly but it may be time consuming and not cost effective due to the almost negligible RS content of WMS. To solve this problem, we hypothesized that sub-high amylose starch (s-HAMS), with an amylose content close to 50% could be an ideal substrate for FQ. RESULTS The results showed that FQ did not change the shape and the particle size of starch granules, the gelatinization peak (Tp), or the conclusion temperature (Tc), but the slowly digested starch content declined. Rapidly digested starch content fluctuated during FQ and the amylose content decreased within 36 h and then increased. Within 24h, FQ significanlty increased these values: the RS content, relative crystallinity (RC), the ratio of FTIR absorbances at 1047/1022cm-1, the diffraction peak at 19.8° in X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the gelatinization onset temperature (To) increased significantly, within 24 h of FQ. However, after 24 h of fermentation, the RS content, RC, the ratio of FTIR absorbances at 1047/1022 cm-1, and gelatinization enthalpy (ΔH) decreased significantly. CONCLUSION Sub-high amylose starch is more suitable for FQ to produce low digestibility starch, and the increase in RS may be due to the formation of 'amylose-lipid' complexes (RS5). © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Wenjing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Yiheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Qiqi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Na Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Chenggang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Liangjia Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Dongwei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
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15
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Wang H, Feng Y, Guo K, Shi L, Xu X, Wei C. Structural, Thermal, Pasting and Digestion Properties of Starches from Developing Root Tubers of Sweet Potato. Foods 2024; 13:1103. [PMID: 38611407 PMCID: PMC11011326 DOI: 10.3390/foods13071103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Three sweet potato varieties with white-, yellow- and purple-fleshed root tubers were harvested at 100, 120, 140 and 160 days after planting (DAP). Their starch structural, thermal, pasting and digestion properties were measured to reveal the influences of harvesting dates on the physicochemical properties of sweet potato root tuber starch. Though starches from different varieties displayed some differences in physicochemical properties due to their different genetic backgrounds, they were influenced by harvesting date in similar ways. Starches isolated from root tubers at 100 and 160 DAP exhibited lower granule sizes than those at 120 and 140 DAP. The amylose content was higher in root tubers at 100 and 120 DAP than at 140 and 160 DAP. Starches from root tubers at 100 DAP exhibited CA-type X-ray diffraction patterns, and then the B-type crystallinity gradually increased at later harvesting dates. The different harvesting dates had no significant effects on the short-ranged ordered structure and lamellar thickness of starch, but the lamellar peak intensity decreased significantly at later harvesting dates. Starch had a lower gelatinization temperature and a wider gelatinization temperature range in root tubers at 140 and 160 DAP than at 100 and 120 DAP. The higher peak viscosity and lower pasting temperature were associated with the late harvesting date. The digestion of starch had slight differences among root tubers at different harvesting dates. The harvesting dates of root tubers played more important roles in starch properties than the variety. This study would be helpful for breeders, farmers and sweet potato starch users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (H.W.); (Y.F.); (K.G.); (L.S.); (X.X.)
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yuanhao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (H.W.); (Y.F.); (K.G.); (L.S.); (X.X.)
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Ke Guo
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (H.W.); (Y.F.); (K.G.); (L.S.); (X.X.)
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Laiquan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (H.W.); (Y.F.); (K.G.); (L.S.); (X.X.)
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (H.W.); (Y.F.); (K.G.); (L.S.); (X.X.)
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Cunxu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (H.W.); (Y.F.); (K.G.); (L.S.); (X.X.)
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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16
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Bai M, Liu K, Wang Y, Hou S, Li X, Luo J. Extraction process, physicochemical properties, and digestive performance of red yeast rice starch. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2024; 71:372-386. [PMID: 38128959 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, taking red yeast rice (RYR) as the raw material, the optimum extraction process of RYR starch was investigated through a single-factor experiment and the Box-Behnken design: The liquid-to-solid ratio was 5 mL/g, the concentration of sodium hydroxide solution was 0.075 mol/L, and the extraction time was 3.1 h. Under these extraction conditions, the extraction rate of starch reached 90.077%. To explore the influence of solid-state fermentation on RYR starch, three different fermentation stages of RYR starch, raw rice starch, semi-gelatinized rice starch, and RYR starch were used as test materials to determine the changes in the physicochemical properties and glycemic index (GI) values of RYR starch during solid-state fermentation. The results showed that with the advancement of the RYR solid-state fermentation process, the starch particle size gradually increased, the light transmittance gradually decreased, and the solubility and swelling power significantly increased. In addition, the amylose content of starch gradually increased, whereas the amylopectin content gradually decreased; the content of fast digestible starch and slow digestible starch decreased, whereas the content of resistant starch increased. In parallel, during solid-state fermentation, the hydrolysis index significantly decreased, and the GI values also decreased. In summary, solid-state fermentation reduced the digestibility of RYR starch. These results provide a theoretical basis for the structural and physicochemical properties of RYR starch and lay a foundation for its subsequent application and expansion of RYR starch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Kai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yulin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuguang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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17
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Lim I, Park YJ, Ha J. Evolutionary and synteny analysis of HIS1, BADH2, GBSS1, and GBSS2 in rice: insights for effective introgression breeding strategies. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5226. [PMID: 38433262 PMCID: PMC10909864 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55581-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The key genes BADH2, GBSS1, GBSS2, and HIS1 regulate the fragrance, starch synthesis, and herbicide resistance in rice. Although the molecular functions of four genes have been investigated in the Oryza sativa species, little is known regarding their evolutionary history in the Oryza genus. Here, we studied the evolution of four focal genes in 10 Oryza species using phylogenetic and syntenic approaches. The HIS1 family underwent several times of tandem duplication events in the Oryza species, resulting in copy number variation ranging from 2 to 7. At most one copy of BADH2, GBSS1, and GBSS2 orthologs were identified in each Oryza species, and gene loss events of BADH2 and GBSS2 were identified in three Oryza species. Gene transfer analysis proposed that the functional roles of GBSS1 and GBSS2 were developed in the Asian and African regions, respectively, and most allelic variations of BADH2 in japonica rice emerged after the divergence between the Asian and African rice groups. These results provide clues to determine the origin and evolution of the key genes in rice breeding as well as valuable information for molecular breeders and scientists to develop efficient strategies to simultaneously improve grain quality and yield potential in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insu Lim
- Department of Plant Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Park
- Department of Plant Sciences, Kongju National University, Yesan, 340-702, Korea
| | - Jungmin Ha
- Department of Plant Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea.
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18
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Govindaraju I, Sana M, Chakraborty I, Rahman MH, Biswas R, Mazumder N. Dietary Acrylamide: A Detailed Review on Formation, Detection, Mitigation, and Its Health Impacts. Foods 2024; 13:556. [PMID: 38397533 PMCID: PMC10887767 DOI: 10.3390/foods13040556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In today's fast-paced world, people increasingly rely on a variety of processed foods due to their busy lifestyles. The enhanced flavors, vibrant colors, and ease of accessibility at reasonable prices have made ready-to-eat foods the easiest and simplest choice to satiate hunger, especially those that undergo thermal processing. However, these foods often contain an unsaturated amide called 'Acrylamide', known by its chemical name 2-propenamide, which is a contaminant formed when a carbohydrate- or protein-rich food product is thermally processed at more than 120 °C through methods like frying, baking, or roasting. Consuming foods with elevated levels of acrylamide can induce harmful toxicity such as neurotoxicity, hepatoxicity, cardiovascular toxicity, reproductive toxicity, and prenatal and postnatal toxicity. This review delves into the major pathways and factors influencing acrylamide formation in food, discusses its adverse effects on human health, and explores recent techniques for the detection and mitigation of acrylamide in food. This review could be of interest to a wide audience in the food industry that manufactures processed foods. A multi-faceted strategy is necessary to identify and resolve the factors responsible for the browning of food, ensure safety standards, and preserve essential food quality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indira Govindaraju
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India; (I.G.); (M.S.); (I.C.)
| | - Maidin Sana
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India; (I.G.); (M.S.); (I.C.)
| | - Ishita Chakraborty
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India; (I.G.); (M.S.); (I.C.)
| | - Md. Hafizur Rahman
- Department of Quality Control and Safety Management, Faculty of Food Sciences and Safety, Khulna Agricultural University, Khulna 9100, Bangladesh
| | - Rajib Biswas
- Department of Physics, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India;
| | - Nirmal Mazumder
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India; (I.G.); (M.S.); (I.C.)
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19
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Hao M, Zhu X, Ji X, Shi M, Yan Y. Effect of Konjac Glucomannan on Structure, Physicochemical Properties, and In Vitro Digestibility of Yam Starch during Extrusion. Foods 2024; 13:463. [PMID: 38338597 PMCID: PMC10855837 DOI: 10.3390/foods13030463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effect of konjac glucomannan (KGM, 0-5%) on the structure, physicochemical properties, and in vitro digestibility of extruded yam starch (EYS) was investigated. The EYS became rougher on the surface and the particle size increased as observed using scanning electron microscopy and particle size analysis. X-ray diffraction and Raman results revealed that the relative crystallinity (18.30% to 22.30%) of EYS increased, and the full width at half maxima at 480 cm-1 decreased with increasing KGM content, indicating the increment of long-range and short-range ordered structure. Differential scanning calorimetry and rheological results demonstrated that KGM enhanced thermal stability and the gel strength of EYS due to enhanced interaction between KGM and YS molecules. Additionally, a decrease in the swelling power and viscosity of EYS was observed with increased KGM content. The inclusion of KGM in the EYS increased the resistant starch content from 11.89% to 43.51%. This study provides a dual-modified method using extrusion and KGM for modified YS with high thermal stability, gel strength, and resistance to digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengshuang Hao
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (M.H.); (X.Z.); (M.S.)
| | - Xiaopei Zhu
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (M.H.); (X.Z.); (M.S.)
| | - Xiaolong Ji
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (M.H.); (X.Z.); (M.S.)
| | - Miaomiao Shi
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (M.H.); (X.Z.); (M.S.)
| | - Yizhe Yan
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (M.H.); (X.Z.); (M.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Processing and Safety Control, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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20
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Shao GQ, Zhang H, Xu D, Wu FF, Jin YM, Yang N, Yu KJ, Xu XM. Insights into starch-based gels: Selection, fabrication, and application. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128864. [PMID: 38158059 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Starch a natural polymer, has made significant advancements in recent decades, offering superior performance and versatility compared to synthetic materials. This review discusses up-to-date diverse applications of starch gels, their fabrication techniques, and their advantages over synthetic materials. Starch gels renewability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, scalability, and affordability make them attractive. Also, advanced theoretical foundations and emerging industrial technologies could further expand their scope and functions inspiring new applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qiang Shao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Huang Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economics, 6 Longzihu North Road, Zhengzhou, 450046, PR China
| | - Dan Xu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Feng-Feng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Ya-Mei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Na Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Ke-Jing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Xue-Ming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
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21
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Cheng J, Zhou J. Unraveling the gut health puzzle: exploring the mechanisms of butyrate and the potential of High-Amylose Maize Starch Butyrate (HAMSB) in alleviating colorectal disturbances. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1285169. [PMID: 38304546 PMCID: PMC10830644 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1285169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal disturbances encompass a variety of disorders that impact the colon and rectum, such as colitis and colon cancer. Butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid, plays a pivotal role in supporting gut health by nourishing colonocytes, promoting barrier function, modulating inflammation, and fostering a balanced microbiome. Increasing colorectal butyrate concentration may serve as a critical strategy to improve colon function and reduce the risk of colorectal disturbances. Butyrylated high-amylose maize starch (HAMSB) is an edible ingredient that efficiently delivers butyrate to the colon. HAMSB is developed by esterifying a high-amylose starch backbone with butyric anhydride. With a degree of substitution of 0.25, each hydroxy group of HAMSB is substituted by a butyryl group in every four D-glucopyranosyl units. In humans, the digestibility of HAMSB is 68% (w/w), and 60% butyrate molecules attached to the starch backbone is absorbed by the colon. One clinical trial yielded two publications, which showed that HAMSB significantly reduced rectal O6-methyl-guanine adducts and epithelial proliferation induced by the high protein diet. Fecal microbial profiles were assessed in three clinical trials, showing that HAMSB supplementation was consistently linked to increased abundance of Parabacteroides distasonis. In animal studies, HAMSB was effective in reducing the risk of diet- or AOM-induced colon cancer by reducing genetic damage, but the mechanisms differed. HAMSB functioned through affecting cecal ammonia levels by modulating colon pH in diet-induced cancer, while it ameliorated chemical-induced colon cancer through downregulating miR19b and miR92a expressions and subsequently activating the caspase-dependent apoptosis. Furthermore, animal studies showed that HAMSB improved colitis via regulating the gut immune modulation by inhibiting histone deacetylase and activating G protein-coupled receptors, but its role in bacteria-induced colon colitis requires further investigation. In conclusion, HAMSB is a food ingredient that may deliver butyrate to the colon to support colon health. Further clinical trials are warranted to validate earlier findings and determine the minimum effective dose of HAMSB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junrui Cheng
- Global Scientific and Regulatory Department, Ingredion Incorporated, Bridgewater, NJ, United States
| | - Jing Zhou
- Global Scientific and Regulatory Department, Ingredion Incorporated, Bridgewater, NJ, United States
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22
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Huang M, Guo S, Li Z, Peng X. Molecular rotor as an in-situ fluorescent probe for the degree of polymerization of α-D-1,4-glucans. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 324:121573. [PMID: 37985067 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Various starch synthesis and tailoring processes involve prevailing adjustments in the degree of polymerization (DP) of linear α-D-1,4-glucan chains (LGCs) for the improved functional performances. Previous studies indicated that LGCs might hinder the twisted relaxation of 9-(2-carboxy-2-cyanovinyl)-julolidine (CCVJ, a hydrophilic molecular rotor), highlighting CCVJ as a potential in-situ structural probe for LGC. In this study, glucose and its α-D-1,4 oligomers and polymers with molecular weights ranging from 0.18 kDa to 70.00 kDa were prepared as the model molecules (MM). The fluorescent emission behavior of CCVJ in various concentrations (1-5 g/L) of MM solutions or dispersions were analyzed. Results showed that for the low-DP MMs (≤ 3.98 kDa) with good aqueous stability, CCVJ emission increased by about 20 times with the DP of MMs. In contrast, CCVJ generally emitted weak DP-relevant but glucan content-dependent fluorescence in response to the interaction with high-DP MMs (> 3.98 kDa). Furthermore, a double-logarithmic linear relationship was found between the emission intensity of CCVJ and the molar-based molecular weight of glucan. The result combined with the molecular dynamic simulation suggested that CCVJ underwent surface-to-surface interaction with MMs. This study may contribute to the real-time analysis of the DP of α-D-1,4 oligoglucosides in maltodextrin and starch syrup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfei Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Cereal Processing, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Siqi Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Cereal Processing, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhimin Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Cereal Processing, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xingyun Peng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Cereal Processing, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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23
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Silva Lagos L, Klostermann CE, López-Velázquez G, Fernández-Lainez C, Leemhuis H, Oudhuis AACML, Buwalda P, Schols HA, de Vos P. Crystal type, chain length and polydispersity impact the resistant starch type 3 immunomodulatory capacity via Toll-like receptors. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 324:121490. [PMID: 37985084 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Food ingredients that can activate and improve immunological defense, against e.g., pathogens, have become a major field of research. Resistant starches (RSs) can resist enzymes in the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract and induce health benefits. RS-3 physicochemical characteristics such as chain length (DP), A- or B-type crystal, and polydispersity index (PI) might be crucial for immunomodulation by activating human toll-like receptors (hTLRs). We hypothesize that crystal type, DP and PI, alone or in combination, impact the recognition of RS-3 preparations by hTLRs leading to different RS-3 immunomodulatory effects. We studied the activation of hTLR2, hTLR4, and hTLR5 by 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/mL of RS-3. We found strong activation of hTLR2-dependent NF-kB activation with PI <1.25, DP 18 as an A- or B-type crystal. At different doses, NF-kB activation was increased from 6.8 to 7.1 and 10-fold with A-type and 6.2 to 10.2 and 14.4-fold with B-type. This also resulted in higher cytokine production in monocytes. Molecular docking, using amylose-A and B, demonstrated that B-crystals bind hTLR2 promoting hTLR2-1 dimerization, supporting the stronger effects of B-type crystals. Immunomodulatory effects of RS-3 are predominantly hTLR2-dependent, and activation can be tailored by managing crystallinity, chain length, and PI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Silva Lagos
- Immunoendocrinology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Cynthia E Klostermann
- Biobased Chemistry and Technology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Gabriel López-Velázquez
- Laboratorio de Biomoléculas y Salud Infantil, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Cuidad de México, Mexico
| | - Cynthia Fernández-Lainez
- Immunoendocrinology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Laboratorio de Errores innatos del Metabolismo y Tamiz, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Hans Leemhuis
- Innovation Center, Royal Avebe, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Piet Buwalda
- Biobased Chemistry and Technology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Innovation Center, Royal Avebe, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Henk A Schols
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Paul de Vos
- Immunoendocrinology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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24
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Kang X, Gao W, Cheng Y, Cui B, Qiao X, Abd El-Aty AM. Enzymatic Modification of Starch Using Recombinant Genes from Sorghum in Escherichia coli: Insights and Potential Applications. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:590-603. [PMID: 38133624 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
SBEIIb (Sobic.004G163700), SSSIIa (Sobic.010G093400), and GBSSI (Sobic.010G022600) genes that regulate starch synthesis in sorghum endosperm were transferred into Escherichia coli by transgenic technology. SBEIIb, SSSIIa, and GBSSI enzymes were separated and purified through a Ni column and analyzed by electrophoresis with molecular weights and activities of 91.57 84.57, and 66.89 kDa and 551 and 700 and 587 U/μL, respectively. Furthermore, they were applied to starch modification, yielding interesting findings: the A chain content increased from 25.79 to 89.55% for SBEIIb-treated waxy starch, while SSSIIa extended the A chain to form DPs of the B chain, with A chain content decreasing from 89.55 to 37.01%, whereas GBSSI was explicitly involved in the synthesis of B1 chain, with its content increasing from 9.59 to 48.45%. Modified starch was obtained, which could be accurately applied in various industries. For instance, we prepared a sample (containing 89.6% A chain content) with excellent antiaging and antidigestion properties through SBEIIb modification. Moreover, higher RS3 (34.25%) and SDS contents (15.75%) of starch were obtained through the joint modification of SBEIIb and SSSIIa. These findings provide valuable insights for developing sorghum starch synthesis-related enzymes and offer opportunities for improving starch properties through enzymatic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemin Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250353, China
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Wei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250353, China
| | - Yue Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250353, China
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Bo Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250353, China
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Xuguang Qiao
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211 Giza, Egypt
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
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25
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Wang C, Niu D, Mchunu NP, Zhang M, Singh S, Wang Z. Secretory expression of amylosucrase in Bacillus licheniformis through twin-arginine translocation pathway. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 51:kuae004. [PMID: 38253396 PMCID: PMC10849164 DOI: 10.1093/jimb/kuae004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Amylosucrase (EC 2.4.1.4) is a versatile enzyme with significant potential in biotechnology and food production. To facilitate its efficient preparation, a novel expression strategy was implemented in Bacillus licheniformis for the secretory expression of Neisseria polysaccharea amylosucrase (NpAS). The host strain B. licheniformis CBBD302 underwent genetic modification through the deletion of sacB, a gene responsible for encoding levansucrase that synthesizes extracellular levan from sucrose, resulting in a levan-deficient strain, B. licheniformis CBBD302B. Neisseria polysaccharea amylosucrase was successfully expressed in B. licheniformis CBBD302B using the highly efficient Sec-type signal peptide SamyL, but its extracellular translocation was unsuccessful. Consequently, the expression of NpAS via the twin-arginine translocation (TAT) pathway was investigated using the signal peptide SglmU. The study revealed that NpAS could be effectively translocated extracellularly through the TAT pathway, with the signal peptide SglmU facilitating the process. Remarkably, 62.81% of the total expressed activity was detected in the medium. This study marks the first successful secretory expression of NpAS in Bacillus species host cells, establishing a foundation for its future efficient production. ONE-SENTENCE SUMMARY Amylosucrase was secreted in Bacillus licheniformis via the twin-arginine translocation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caizhe Wang
- Department of Biological Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Dandan Niu
- Department of Biological Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Nokuthula Peace Mchunu
- National Research Foundation, PO Box 2600 Pretoria 0001, South Africa
- School of Life Science, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Biological Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Suren Singh
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, PO Box 1334, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Zhengxiang Wang
- Department of Biological Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin 300457, China
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26
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Sun X, Bian X, Wang J, Chen S, Yang R, Li R, Xia L, Chen D, Fan X. Loss of RSR1 function increases the abscisic acid content and improves rice quality performance at high temperature. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128426. [PMID: 38013071 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Rice starch regulator1 (RSR1) participates in the regulation of starch synthesis in rice, but it's function on starch synthesis and quality formation in response to high temperature is unknown. RSR1 mutation resulted in a significant increase in the abscisic acid (ABA) content in rice grains under both normal and high temperature, and the effect of high temperature on grain filling and quality formation of the rsr1 mutants was significantly reduced. The grain size, 1000-kernels weight, amylose content, gelatinization temperature, and starch viscosity of the rsr1 mutants were less sensitive to high temperature. Loss of RSR1 function increased the expression levels of starch synthesis-related genes and reduced their responses to high temperature to some extent. Besides, the percentage of germinated seeds from rsr1 mutants was significantly lower than that of the wild-type, and the difference was more significant under ABA treatment. The shoot lengths of the rsr1 mutants were remarkably shorter than those of the wild-type, which was further exacerbated by ABA treatment. These results indicated that loss function of RSR1 can improve rice quality performance at high temperature by moderately increasing the ABA content of rice grains, which provides theoretical significance for the cultivation of better-quality rice with high-temperature resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosong Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xinyue Bian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jingdong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Si Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Rumeng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Lexiong Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Dinghao Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiaolei Fan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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27
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Diaz-Baca JA, Fatehi P. Production and characterization of starch-lignin based materials: A review. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 70:108281. [PMID: 37956796 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
In their pristine state, starch and lignin are abundant and inexpensive natural polymers frequently considered green alternatives to oil-based and synthetic polymers. Despite their availability and owing to their physicochemical properties; starch and lignin are not often utilized in their pristine forms for high-performance applications. Generally, chemical and physical modifications transform them into starch- and lignin-based materials with broadened properties and functionality. In the last decade, the combination of starch and lignin for producing reinforced materials has gained significant attention. The reinforcing of starch matrices with lignin has received primary focus because of the enhanced water sensitivity, UV protection, and mechanical and thermal resistance that lignin introduces to starch-based materials. This review paper aims to assess starch-lignin materials' production and characterization technologies, highlighting their physicochemical properties, outcomes, challenges, and opportunities. First, this paper describes the current status, sources, and chemical modifications of lignin and starch. Next, the discussion is oriented toward starch-lignin materials and their production approaches, such as blends, composites, plasticized/crosslinked films, and coupled polymers. Special attention is given to the characterization methods of starch-lignin materials, focusing on their advantages, disadvantages, and expected outcomes. Finally, the challenges, opportunities, and future perspectives in developing starch-lignin materials, such as adhesives, coatings, films, and controlled delivery systems, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Diaz-Baca
- Green Processes Research Centre and Chemical Engineering Department, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B5E1, Canada
| | - Pedram Fatehi
- Green Processes Research Centre and Chemical Engineering Department, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B5E1, Canada.
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28
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Chen C, Li G, Hemar Y, Corke H, Zhu F. Granular architecture of lotus seed starch and its impact on physicochemical properties. Food Res Int 2023; 174:113564. [PMID: 37986517 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Lotus seed starch has high apparent amylose content (AAM). A representative definition of its granular architecture (e.g., lamellar structure) remained absent. This study defined the granular shape, crystalline and lamellar structures, and digestibility of twenty-two samples of lotus seed starch (LS) by comparing with those of potato and maize starches. LS granules had more elongated shape and longer repeat distance of lamellae than potato and maize starch granules. The enzymatic susceptibility of LS granules was more affected by AAM than granular architecture. Using these LSs as a model system, the relationships between lamellar structure of starch granules and properties of their gelatinized counterparts were investigated. In LSs, thinner amorphous lamella and thicker crystalline lamella were associated with higher swelling power and yield stress. The relationships were found to be connected via certain structural characteristics of amylopectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjie Chen
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Guantian Li
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yacine Hemar
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Harold Corke
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Guangdong Technion Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong, China; Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Fan Zhu
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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29
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Wang L, Liu L, Zhao J, Li C, Wu H, Zhao H, Wu Q. Granule-bound starch synthase in plants: Towards an understanding of their evolution, regulatory mechanisms, applications, and perspectives. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 336:111843. [PMID: 37648115 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Amylose content (AC) is a significant quality trait in starchy crops, affecting their processing and application by the food and non-food industries. Therefore, fine-tuning AC in these crops has become a focus for breeders. Granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) is the core enzyme that directly determines the AC levels. Several excellent reviews have summarized key progress in various aspects of GBSS research in recent years, but they mostly focus on cereals. Herein, we provide an in-depth review of GBSS research in monocots and dicots, focusing on the molecular characteristics, evolutionary relationships, expression patterns, molecular regulation mechanisms, and applications. We also discuss future challenges and directions for controlling AC in starchy crops, and found simultaneously increasing both the PTST and GBSS gene expression levels may be an effective strategy to increase amylose content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Linling Liu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Jiali Zhao
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Chenglei Li
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Huala Wu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Haixia Zhao
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Qi Wu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an 625014, China.
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30
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Kamble NU, Makhamadjonov F, Fahy B, Martins C, Saalbach G, Seung D. Initiation of B-type starch granules in wheat endosperm requires the plastidial α-glucan phosphorylase PHS1. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:4091-4110. [PMID: 37595145 PMCID: PMC10615211 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
The plastidial α-glucan phosphorylase (PHS1) can elongate and degrade maltooligosaccharides (MOSs), but its exact physiological role in plants is poorly understood. Here, we discover a specialized role of PHS1 in establishing the unique bimodal characteristic of starch granules in wheat (Triticum spp.) endosperm. Wheat endosperm contains large A-type granules that initiate at early grain development and small B-type granules that initiate in later grain development. We demonstrate that PHS1 interacts with B-GRANULE CONTENT1 (BGC1), a carbohydrate-binding protein essential for normal B-type granule initiation. Mutants of tetraploid durum wheat (Triticum turgidum) deficient in all homoeologs of PHS1 had normal A-type granules but fewer and larger B-type granules. Grain size and starch content were not affected by the mutations. Further, by assessing granule numbers during grain development in the phs1 mutant and using a double mutant defective in both PHS1 and BGC1, we demonstrate that PHS1 is exclusively involved in B-type granule initiation. The total starch content and number of starch granules per chloroplast in leaves were not affected by loss of PHS1, suggesting that its role in granule initiation in wheat is limited to the endosperm. We therefore propose that the initiation of A- and B-type granules occurs via distinct biochemical mechanisms, where PHS1 plays an exclusive role in B-type granule initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Brendan Fahy
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH,UK
| | - Carlo Martins
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH,UK
| | | | - David Seung
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH,UK
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Li C, Wu A, Gilbert RG. Critical examination of the characterization techniques, and the evidence, for the existence of extra-long amylopectin chains. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:4053-4073. [PMID: 37458307 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
It has been suggested that amylopectin can contain small but significant amounts of extra-long chains (ELCs), which could affect functional properties, and also would have implications for the mechanism of starch biosynthesis. However, current evidence for the existence of ELCs is ambiguous. The amylose/amylopectin separation and the characterization techniques used for the investigation of ELCs are reviewed, problems in those techniques are examined, and studies of ELCs of amylopectin are discussed. A model for the biosynthesis of amylopectin chains in terms of conventional biosynthesis enzymes, which provides an excellent fit to a large amount of experimental data, is used to provide a rigorous definition of ELCs. In addition, current investigations of ELCs, involving separation, is hindered by the lack of a method to quantitatively separate all the amylopectin from starch without any traces of residual amylose (which would have long chains). Unambiguous evidence for the existence of ELCs can be obtained using two-dimensional (2D) characterization, these dimensions being the degree of polymerization of a chain and the size of the whole molecule. Available 2D data indicate that there are no ELCs present in currently detectable quantities in native rice starches. However, concluding this more rigorously requires improvements in the resolution of current 2D methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changfeng Li
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Alex Wu
- Centre for Crop Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Robert G Gilbert
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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32
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Heo JB, Yun HR, Lee YS, Chung CH. Strategic biomodification for raw plant-based pretreatment biorefining toward sustainable chemistry. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2023; 43:870-883. [PMID: 35968908 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2092715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Plant-based pretreatment biorefining is the initial triggering process in biomass-conversion to bio-based chemical products. In view of chemical sustainability, the raw plant-based pretreatment biorefining process is more favorable than the fossil-based one. Its direct use contributes to reducing CO2 emissions and the production cost of the target products by eliminating costly steps, such as the separation and purification of intermediates. Three types of feedstock plant resources have been utilized as raw plant feedstock sources, such as: lignocellulosic, starchy, and inulin-rich feedstock plants. These plant sources can be directly used for bio-based chemical products. To enhance the efficiency of their pretreatment biorefining process, well-designed biomodification schemes are discussed in this review to afford important information on useful biomodification approaches. For lignocellulosic feedstock plants, the enzymes and regulatory elements involved in lignin reduction are discussed using: COMT, GAUT4, CSE, PvMYB4 repressor, etc. For inulin-rich feedstock plants, 1-SST, 1-FFT, 1-FEH, and endoinulinase are illustrated in relation with the reduction of chain length of inulin polymer. For starchy feedstock plants, their biomodification is targeted to enhancing the depolymerization efficiency of starch to glucose monomer units. For this biomodification target, six candidates are discussed. These are SBE I, SBE IIa, SBE IIb, GBSS I, PTSTI, GWD 1, and PTSTI. The biomodification strategies discussed here promise to be conducive to enhancing the efficiency of the plant-based pretreatment biorefining process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Bok Heo
- Department of Molecular Genetic Biotechnology, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Hee Rang Yun
- Department of Molecular Genetic Biotechnology, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Yong-Suk Lee
- Research Institute for Basic Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Chung-Han Chung
- Department of Biotechnology, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
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33
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Chen J, Watson-Lazowski A, Kamble NU, Vickers M, Seung D. Gene expression profile of the developing endosperm in durum wheat provides insight into starch biosynthesis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:363. [PMID: 37460981 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04369-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum) is widely grown for pasta production, and more recently, is gaining additional interest due to its resilience to warm, dry climates and its use as an experimental model for wheat research. Like in bread wheat, the starch and protein accumulated in the endosperm during grain development are the primary contributors to the calorific value of durum grains. RESULTS To enable further research into endosperm development and storage reserve synthesis, we generated a high-quality transcriptomics dataset from developing endosperms of variety Kronos, to complement the extensive mutant resources available for this variety. Endosperms were dissected from grains harvested at eight timepoints during grain development (6 to 30 days post anthesis (dpa)), then RNA sequencing was used to profile the transcriptome at each stage. The largest changes in gene expression profile were observed between the earlier timepoints, prior to 15 dpa. We detected a total of 29,925 genes that were significantly differentially expressed between at least two timepoints, and clustering analysis revealed nine distinct expression patterns. We demonstrate the potential of our dataset to provide new insights into key processes that occur during endosperm development, using starch metabolism as an example. CONCLUSION We provide a valuable resource for studying endosperm development in this increasingly important crop species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Chen
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Alexander Watson-Lazowski
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
- Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire, TF10 8NB, UK
| | | | - Martin Vickers
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - David Seung
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.
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Magallanes-Cruz PA, Duque-Buitrago LF, Del Rocío Martínez-Ruiz N. Native and modified starches from underutilized seeds: Characteristics, functional properties and potential applications. Food Res Int 2023; 169:112875. [PMID: 37254325 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Seeds represent a potential source of starch, containing at least 60-70% of total starch, however many of them are treated as waste and are usually discarded. The review aim was to analyze the characteristics, functional properties, and potential applications of native and modified starches from underutilized seeds such as Sorghum bicolor L. Moench (WSS), Chenopodium quinoa, Wild. (QSS), Mangifera indica L. (MSS), Persea americana Mill. (ASS), Pouteria campechiana (Kunth) Baehni (PCSS), and Brosimum alicastrum Sw. (RSS). A systematic review of scientific literature was carried out from 2014 to date. Starch from seeds had yields above 30%. ASS had the higher amylose content and ASS and RSS showed the highest values in water absorption capacity and swelling power, contrary to MSS and PCSS while higher thermal resistance, paste stability, and a lower tendency to retrograde were observed in MSS and RSS. Functional properties such as water solubility, swelling power, thermal stability, low retrogradation tendency, and emulsion stability were increased in RSS, WSS, QSS, and MSS with chemical modifications (Oxidation, Oxidation-Crosslinking, OSA, DDSA, and NSA) and physical methods (HMT and dry-heat). Digestibility in vitro showed that WSS and QSS presented high SDS fraction, while ASS, MSS, PCSS, and HMT-QSS presented the highest RS content. Native or modified underutilized seed starches represent an alternative and sustainable source of non-conventional starch with potential applications in the food industry and for the development of healthy foods or for special nutritional requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perla A Magallanes-Cruz
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del Pronaf y Estocolmo s/n, C.P. 32310 Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico.
| | - Luisa F Duque-Buitrago
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Campus Zacatenco, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, C. P. 07738 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Nina Del Rocío Martínez-Ruiz
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del Pronaf y Estocolmo s/n, C.P. 32310 Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico.
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35
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Li Q, Zhang C, Wen J, Chen L, Shi Y, Yang Q, Li D. Transcriptome Analyses Show Changes in Gene Expression Triggered by a 31-bp InDel within OsSUT3 5'UTR in Rice Panicle. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10640. [PMID: 37445819 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pollen development and its fertility are obligatory conditions for the reproductive success of flowing plants. Sucrose transporter 3 (OsSUT3) is known to be preferentially expressed and may play critical role in developing pollen. A 31-bp InDel was identified as a unique variation and was shown to be responsible for the expression of downstream gene in our previous study. In this study, to analyze the changes of gene expression triggered by 31-bp InDel during pollen development, two vectors (p385-In/Del::OsSUT3-GUS) were constructed and then stably introduced into rice. Histochemical and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis of transgenic plants showed that 31-bp deletion drastically reduced the expressions of downstream genes, including both OsSUT3 and GUS in rice panicle at booting stage, especially that of OsSUT3. The transcriptome profile of two types of panicles at booting stage revealed a total of 1028 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between 31-bp In and 31-bp Del transgenic plants. Further analyses showed that 397 of these genes were significantly enriched for the 'metabolic process' and 'binding'. Among them, nineteen genes had a strong relationship with starch and sucrose metabolism and were identified as candidate genes potentially associated with the starch accumulation in rice pollen, which that was also verified via qRT-PCR. In summary, 31-bp InDel plays a crucial role not only in the regulation of downstream genes but in the expression of sucrose-starch metabolizing genes in multiple biological pathways, and provides a different regulation mechanism for sucrose metabolism in pollen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuping Li
- Rice Research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Chunlong Zhang
- Rice Research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Jiancheng Wen
- Rice Research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- Rice Research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yitong Shi
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Qinghui Yang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Dandan Li
- Rice Research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
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Zhang W, Zhang A, Zhou Q, Fang R, Zhao Y, Li Z, Zhao J, Zhao M, Ma S, Fan Y, Huang Z. Low-temperature at booting reduces starch content and yield of wheat by affecting dry matter transportation and starch synthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1207518. [PMID: 37389289 PMCID: PMC10304014 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1207518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
With the continuous change of global climate, the frequency of low-temperature stress (LTS) in spring increased greatly, which led to the increase of wheat yield decline. The effects of LTS at booting on grain starch synthesis and yield were examined in two wheat varieties with differing low-temperature sensitivities (insensitive variety Yannong 19 and sensitive variety Wanmai 52). A combination of potted and field planting was employed. For LTS treatment at booting, the wheat plants were placed in a climate chamber for 24 h at -2°C, 0°C or 2°C from 19:00 to 07:00 then 5°C from 07:00 to 19:00. They were then returned to the experimental field. The effects of flag leaf photosynthetic characteristics, the accumulation and distribution of photosynthetic products, enzyme activity related to starch synthesis and relative expression, the starch content, and grain yield were determined. LTS at booting caused a significant reduction in the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), and transpiration rate (Tr) of the flag leaves at filling. The development of starch grains in the endosperm is also hindere, there are obvious equatorial grooves observed on the surface of the A-type starch granules, and a reduction in the number of B-type starch granules. The abundance of 13C in the flag leaves and grains decreased significantly. LTS also caused a significant reduction in translocation amount of pre-anthesis stored dry matte from vegetative organs to grains and amount of post-anthesis transfer of accumulated dry matte into grains, and the distribution rate of dry matter in the grains at maturity. The grain filling time was shortened, and the grain filling rate decreased. A decrease in the activity and relative expression of enzymes related to starch synthesis was also observed, with a decrease in the total starch content. As a result, a decrease in the grain number per panicle and 1000-grain weight were also observed. These findings highlight the underlying physiological cause of decreased starch content and grain weight after LTS in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on South Yellow and Huai River Valley, The Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Anmin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on South Yellow and Huai River Valley, The Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qirui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on South Yellow and Huai River Valley, The Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ranran Fang
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on South Yellow and Huai River Valley, The Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on South Yellow and Huai River Valley, The Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zihong Li
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on South Yellow and Huai River Valley, The Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jiawen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on South Yellow and Huai River Valley, The Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Mengting Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on South Yellow and Huai River Valley, The Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shangyu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on South Yellow and Huai River Valley, The Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yonghui Fan
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on South Yellow and Huai River Valley, The Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhenglai Huang
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on South Yellow and Huai River Valley, The Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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37
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Huang L, Liu Q. High-resistant starch crops for human health. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2305990120. [PMID: 37216520 PMCID: PMC10235962 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2305990120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lichun Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou225009, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing210014, China
| | - Qiaoquan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou225009, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing210014, China
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38
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Li C, Dhital S, Gidley MJ. High amylose wheat foods: A new opportunity to improve human health. Trends Food Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2023.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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Ab'lah N, Yusuf CYL, Rojsitthisak P, Wong TW. Reinvention of starch for oral drug delivery system design. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 241:124506. [PMID: 37085071 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Starch is a polysaccharide with varying amylose-to-amylopectin ratios as a function of its biological sources. It is characterized by low shear stress resistance, poor aqueous/organic solubility and gastrointestinal digestibility which limit its ease of processing and functionality display as an oral drug delivery vehicle. Modulation of starch composition through genetic engineering primarily alters amylose-to-amylopectin ratio. Greater molecular properties changes require chemical and enzymatic modifications of starch. Acetylation reduces water solubility and enzymatic digestibility of starch. Carboxymethylation turns starch acid-insoluble and aggregative at low pHs. The summative effects are sustaining drug release in the upper gut. Acid-insoluble carboxymethylated starch can be aminated to provide an ionic character essential for hydrogel formation which further reduces its drug release. Ionic starch can coacervate with oppositely charged starch, non-starch polyelectrolyte or drug into insoluble, controlled-release complexes. Enzymatically debranched and resistant starch has a small molecular size which confers chain aggregation into a helical hydrogel network that traps the drug molecules, protecting them from biodegradation. The modified starch has been used to modulate the intestinal/colon-specific or controlled systemic delivery of oral small molecule drugs and macromolecular therapeutics. This review highlights synthesis aspects of starch and starch derivatives, and their outcomes and challenges of applications in oral drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- NorulNazilah Ab'lah
- Non-Destructive Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Centre, Smart Manufacturing Research Institute, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Puncak Alam 42300, Selangor, Malaysia; Particle Design Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Puncak Alam 42300, Selangor, Malaysia; Centre of Foundation Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Dengkil 43800, Dengkil, Malaysia
| | - Chong Yu Lok Yusuf
- Faculty of Plantation and Agrotechnology, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Jasin, 77300, Merlimau, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Pornchai Rojsitthisak
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products for Ageing and Chronic Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, 10330 Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Food and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 10330 Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tin Wui Wong
- Non-Destructive Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Centre, Smart Manufacturing Research Institute, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Puncak Alam 42300, Selangor, Malaysia; Particle Design Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Puncak Alam 42300, Selangor, Malaysia; Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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40
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Kang X, Gao W, Cui B, El-Aty AMA. Structure and genetic regulation of starch formation in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) endosperm: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 239:124315. [PMID: 37023877 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on the structure and genetic regulation of starch formation in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) endosperm. Sorghum is an important cereal crop that is well suited to grow in regions with high temperatures and limited water resources due to its C4 metabolism. The endosperm of sorghum kernels is a rich source of starch, which is composed of two main components: amylose and amylopectin. The synthesis of starch in sorghum endosperm involves multiple enzymatic reactions, which are regulated by complex genetic and environmental factors. Recent research has identified several genes involved in the regulation of starch synthesis in sorghum endosperm. In addition, the structure and properties of sorghum starch can also be influenced by environmental factors such as temperature, water availability, and soil nutrients. A better understanding of the structure and genetic regulation of starch formation in sorghum endosperm can have important implications for the development of sorghum-based products with improved quality and nutritional value. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the current knowledge on the structure and genetic regulation of starch formation in sorghum endosperm and highlights the potential for future research to further improve our understanding of this important process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemin Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China; School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250353, China; Department of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Wei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China; School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250353, China
| | - Bo Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China; School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250353, China; Department of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211 Giza, Egypt; Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
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41
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Zhou GD, He P, Tian L, Xu S, Yang B, Liu L, Wang Y, Bai T, Li X, Li S, Zheng SJ. Disentangling the resistant mechanism of Fusarium wilt TR4 interactions with different cultivars and its elicitor application. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1145837. [PMID: 36938065 PMCID: PMC10018200 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1145837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium wilt of banana, especially Tropical Race 4 (TR4) is a major factor restricting banana production. Developing a resistant cultivar and inducing plant defenses by elicitor application are currently two of the best options to control this disease. Isotianil is a monocarboxylic acid amide that has been used as a fungicide to control rice blast and could potentially induce systemic acquired resistance in plants. To determine the control effect of elicitor isotianil on TR4 in different resistant cultivars, a greenhouse pot experiment was conducted and its results showed that isotianil could significantly alleviate the symptoms of TR4, provide enhanced disease control on the cultivars 'Baxi' and 'Yunjiao No.1' with control effect 50.14% and 56.14%, respectively. We compared the infection processes in 'Baxi' (susceptible cultivars) and 'Yunjiao No.1' (resistant cultivars) two cultivars inoculated with pathogen TR4. The results showed that TR4 hyphae could rapidly penetrate the cortex into the root vascular bundle for colonization, and the colonization capacity in 'Baxi' was significantly higher than that in 'Yunjiao No.1'. The accumulation of a large number of starch grains was observed in corms cells, and further analysis showed that the starch content in 'Yunjiao No. 1' as resistant cultivar was significantly higher than that in 'Baxi' as susceptible cultivar, and isotianil application could significantly increase the starch content in 'Baxi'. Besides, a mass of tyloses were observed in the roots and corms and these tyloses increased after application with isotianil. Furthermore, the total starch and tyloses contents and the control effect in the corms of 'Yunjiao No.1' was higher than that in the 'Baxi'. Moreover, the expression levels of key genes for plant resistance induction and starch synthesis were analyzed, and the results suggested that these genes were significantly upregulated at different time points after the application of isotianil. These results suggest that there are significant differences between cultivars in response to TR4 invasion and plant reactions with respect to starch accumulation, tyloses formation and the expression of plant resistance induction and starch synthesis related genes. Results also indicate that isotianil application may contribute to disease control by inducing host plant defense against TR4 infection and could be potentially used together with resistant cultivar as integrated approach to manage this destructive disease. Further research under field conditions should be included in the next phases of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Dong Zhou
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Agricultural Transboundary Pests, Agricultural Environment and Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Center For Potato Research, Resource Plant Research Institute, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ping He
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Agricultural Transboundary Pests, Agricultural Environment and Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Agriculture Biodiversity for Plant Disease Management, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Libo Tian
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Agricultural Transboundary Pests, Agricultural Environment and Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Center For Potato Research, Resource Plant Research Institute, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Shengtao Xu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Agricultural Transboundary Pests, Agricultural Environment and Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Baoming Yang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Agricultural Transboundary Pests, Agricultural Environment and Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Lina Liu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Agricultural Transboundary Pests, Agricultural Environment and Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yongfen Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Agricultural Transboundary Pests, Agricultural Environment and Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Industry Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baoshan, China
| | - Tingting Bai
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Agricultural Transboundary Pests, Agricultural Environment and Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xundong Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Agricultural Transboundary Pests, Agricultural Environment and Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Shu Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Agricultural Transboundary Pests, Agricultural Environment and Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Si-Jun Zheng
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Agricultural Transboundary Pests, Agricultural Environment and Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Bioversity International, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Rizzo AJ, Palacios MB, Vale EM, Zelada AM, Silveira V, Burrieza HP. Snapshot of four mature quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa) seeds: a shotgun proteomics analysis with emphasis on seed maturation, reserves and early germination. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 29:319-334. [PMID: 37033760 PMCID: PMC10073371 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-023-01295-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Chenopodium quinoa Willd. is a crop species domesticated over 5000 years ago. This species is highly diverse, with a geographical distribution that covers more than 5000 km from Colombia to Chile, going through a variety of edaphoclimatic conditions. Quinoa grains have great nutritional quality, raising interest at a worldwide level. In this work, by using shotgun proteomics and in silico analysis, we present an overview of mature quinoa seed proteins from a physiological context and considering the process of seed maturation and future seed germination. For this purpose, we selected grains from four contrasting quinoa cultivars (Amarilla de Maranganí, Chadmo, Sajama and Nariño) with different edaphoclimatic and geographical origins. The results give insight on the most important metabolic pathways for mature quinoa seeds including: starch synthesis, protein bodies and lipid bodies composition, reserves and their mobilization, redox homeostasis, and stress related proteins like heat-shock proteins (HSPs) and late embryogenesis abundant proteins (LEAs), as well as evidence for capped and uncapped mRNA translation. LEAs present in our analysis show a specific pattern of expression matching that of other species. Overall, this work presents a complete snapshot of quinoa seeds physiological context, providing a reference point for further studies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-023-01295-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Joel Rizzo
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Biología del Desarrollo de las Plantas, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Belén Palacios
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Biología del Desarrollo de las Plantas, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ellen Moura Vale
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia (CBB), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos Dos Goytacazes, RJ Brazil
- Unidade de Biologia Integrativa, Setor de Genômica e Proteômica, UENF, Campos Dos Goytacazes, RJ Brazil
| | - Alicia Mercedes Zelada
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Agrobiotecnología, Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vanildo Silveira
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia (CBB), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos Dos Goytacazes, RJ Brazil
- Unidade de Biologia Integrativa, Setor de Genômica e Proteômica, UENF, Campos Dos Goytacazes, RJ Brazil
| | - Hernán Pablo Burrieza
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Biología del Desarrollo de las Plantas, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Niu L, Liu L, Zhang J, Scali M, Wang W, Hu X, Wu X. Genetic Engineering of Starch Biosynthesis in Maize Seeds for Efficient Enzymatic Digestion of Starch during Bioethanol Production. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043927. [PMID: 36835340 PMCID: PMC9967003 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Maize accumulates large amounts of starch in seeds which have been used as food for human and animals. Maize starch is an importantly industrial raw material for bioethanol production. One critical step in bioethanol production is degrading starch to oligosaccharides and glucose by α-amylase and glucoamylase. This step usually requires high temperature and additional equipment, leading to an increased production cost. Currently, there remains a lack of specially designed maize cultivars with optimized starch (amylose and amylopectin) compositions for bioethanol production. We discussed the features of starch granules suitable for efficient enzymatic digestion. Thus far, great advances have been made in molecular characterization of the key proteins involved in starch metabolism in maize seeds. The review explores how these proteins affect starch metabolism pathway, especially in controlling the composition, size and features of starch. We highlight the roles of key enzymes in controlling amylose/amylopectin ratio and granules architecture. Based on current technological process of bioethanol production using maize starch, we propose that several key enzymes can be modified in abundance or activities via genetic engineering to synthesize easily degraded starch granules in maize seeds. The review provides a clue for developing special maize cultivars as raw material in the bioethanol industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangjie Niu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Liangwei Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering of Agricultural Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jinghua Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Monica Scali
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Wei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Xiuli Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiaolin Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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Mechanical, Barrier and Thermal Properties of Amylose-Argan Proteins-Based Bioplastics in the Presence of Transglutaminase. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043405. [PMID: 36834816 PMCID: PMC9966108 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The bioeconomy aims to discover new sources for producing energy and materials and to valorize byproducts that otherwise would get wasted. In this work, we investigate the possibility of producing novel bioplastics, made up of argan seed proteins (APs), extracted from argan oilcake, and amylose (AM), obtained from barley plants through an RNA interference technique. Argan, Argania spinosa, is a plant widespread in arid regions of Northern Africa, where it plays a fundamental socio-ecological role. Argan seeds are used to obtain a biologically active and edible oil, producing a byproduct, the oilcake, that is rich in proteins, fibers, and fats, and is generally used as animal food. Recently, argan oilcakes have been attracting attention as a waste to be recovered to obtain high-added-value products. Here, APs were chosen to test the performance of blended bioplastics with AM, because they have the potential to improve the properties of the final product. High-AM-starches present attractive features for use as bioplastics, including a higher gel-forming capacity, a higher thermal stability, and reduced swelling compared to normal starch. It has already been demonstrated that pure AM-based films provide more suitable properties than normal starch-based films. Here, we report on the performance of these novel blended bioplastics in terms of their mechanical, barrier, and thermal properties; and the effect of the enzyme microbial transglutaminase (mTGase) as a reticulating agent for AP's components was also studied. These results contribute to the development of novel sustainable bioplastics with improved properties and confirm the possibility of valorizing the byproduct, APs, using them as a new raw material.
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Guo X, Ge Z, Wang M, Zhao M, Pei Y, Song X. Genome-wide association study of quality traits and starch pasting properties of maize kernels. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:59. [PMID: 36732681 PMCID: PMC9893588 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-09031-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Starch are the main nutritional components of maize (Zea mays L.), and starch pasting properties are widely used as essential indicators for quality estimation. Based on the previous studies, various genes related to pasting properties have been identified in maize. However, the loci underlying variations in starch pasting properties in maize inbred lines remain to be identified. RESULTS To investigate the genetic architecture of these traits, the starch pasting properties were examined based on 292 maize inbred lines, which were genotyped with the MaizeSNP50 BeadChip composed of 55,126 evenly spaced, random SNPs. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) implemented in the software package FarmCPU was employed to identify genomic loci for the starch pasting properties. 48 SNPs were found to be associated with pasting properties. Moreover, 37 candidate genes were correlated with pasting properties. Among the candidate genes, GRMZM2G143646 and GRMZM2G166407 were associated with breakdown and final viscosity significantly, and both genes encode PPR (Pentatricopeptide repeat) protein. We used GWAS to explore candidate genes of maize starch pasting properties in this study. The identified candidate genes will be useful for further understanding of the genetic architecture of starch pasting properties in maize. CONCLUSION This study showed a complex regulation network about maize quality trait and starch pasting properties. It may provide some useful markers for marker assisted selection and a basis for cloning the genes behind these SNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmei Guo
- grid.412608.90000 0000 9526 6338College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 China
| | - Zhaopeng Ge
- grid.412608.90000 0000 9526 6338College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 China
| | - Ming Wang
- grid.412608.90000 0000 9526 6338College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 China
| | - Meiai Zhao
- grid.412608.90000 0000 9526 6338College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 China
| | - Yuhe Pei
- grid.412608.90000 0000 9526 6338College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 China
| | - Xiyun Song
- grid.412608.90000 0000 9526 6338College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 China
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Unlocking the Potential of High-Amylose Starch for Gut Health: Not All Function the Same. FERMENTATION 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9020134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
High-amylose starch has unique functional properties and nutritional values in food applications. This type of starch is generally resistant to enzymatic digestion in the gastrointestinal tract, and contains an increased fraction of resistant starch (RS), which is a type of dietary fiber. The digestion and fermentation of high-amylose starch in the gut are of current research interest, as the processes are related to its nutritional functionality. This review summarizes recent in vitro and in vivo studies on the digestion and fermentation of high-amylose starches from different botanical sources and those that have been obtained by modifications. The RS content and fermentation properties are compared among high-amylose starches. This review aims to provide a current understanding of the relationship between high-amylose starch structures and fermentation-related nutritional properties. The results of these studies suggest that both modifications and food processing of high-amylose starch result in distinct fermentation products and nutritional properties. The review provides insight into the potential future applications of diverse high-amylose starches as bioactive compounds to modulate colonic fermentation.
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Matheus JRV, de Farias PM, Satoriva JM, de Andrade CJ, Fai AEC. Cassava starch films for food packaging: Trends over the last decade and future research. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 225:658-672. [PMID: 36395939 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cassava starch is one of the most available and cost-effective biopolymers. This work aimed to apply a bibliometric methodology to identify the most impactful scientific data on cassava starch and its residues for food packaging in the last ten years. As a result, an increasing interest in this subject has been observed, mainly in the past five years. Among the 85 selected scientific publications, Brazil and China have been leading the research on starch-based films, accounting for 39 % of the total. The International Journal of Biological Macromolecules was the main scientific source of information. Besides cassava starch, 41.18 % of these studies added other biopolymers, 5.88 % added synthetic polymers, and 4.71 % added a combination of both. Studies analyzed suggested that different modifications in starch can improve films' mechanical and barrier properties. In addition, 52.94 % of articles evaluated the film's bioactivity. Still, only 37.65 % assessed the performance of those films as food packaging, suggesting that more studies should be conducted on assessing the potential of these alternative packages. Future research should consider scale-up methods for film production, including cost analysis, assessment life cycle, and the impact on the safety and quality of a broader range of foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Rabelo Vaz Matheus
- Food and Nutrition Graduate Program, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Marques de Farias
- Department of Basic and Experimental Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana Martins Satoriva
- Department of Basic and Experimental Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cristiano José de Andrade
- Chemical and Food Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Ana Elizabeth Cavalcante Fai
- Food and Nutrition Graduate Program, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Basic and Experimental Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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48
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High-amylose maize starch: Structure, properties, modifications and industrial applications. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 299:120185. [PMID: 36876800 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
High-amylose maize refers to a special type of maize cultivar with a 50 %-90 % amylose content of the total starch. High-amylose maize starch (HAMS) is of interest because it possesses unique functionalities and provides many health benefits for humans. Therefore, many high-amylose maize varieties have been developed via mutation or transgenic breeding approaches. From the literature reviewed, the fine structure of HAMS is different from the waxy and normal corn starches, influencing its gelatinization, retrogradation, solubility, swelling power, freeze-thaw stability, transparency, pasting and rheological properties, and even in vitro digestion. HAMS has undergone physical, chemical, and enzymatical modifications to enhance its characteristics and thereby broaden its possible uses. HAMS has also been used for the benefit of increasing resistant starch levels in food products. This review summarizes the recent developments in our understanding of the extraction and chemical composition, structure, physicochemical properties, digestibility, modifications, and industrial applications of HAMS.
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49
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Sharma V, Jahan K, Kumar P, Puri A, Sharma VK, Mishra A, Bharatam PV, Sharma D, Rishi V, Roy J. Mechanistic insights into granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSSI.L539P) allele in high amylose starch biosynthesis in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Funct Integr Genomics 2022; 23:20. [PMID: 36564499 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-022-00923-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Amylose fraction of grain starch is correlated with a type of resistant starch with better nutritional quality. Granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) is the known starch synthase, responsible for elongation of linear amylose chains. GBSSI expression, activity, and binding to starch and other proteins are the key factors that can affect amylose content. Previously, a QTL, qhams7A.1 carrying GBSSI mutant allele, was identified through QTL mapping using F2 population of the high amylose mutant line, 'TAC 75'. This high amylose mutant line has >2-fold higher amylose content than wild variety 'C 306'. In this study, we characterized this novel mutant allele, GBSSI.L539P. In vitro starch synthase activity of GBSSI.L539P showed improved activity than the wild type (GBSSI-wt). When expressed in yeast glycogen synthase mutants (Δgsy1gsy2), GBSSI-wt and GBSSI.L539P partially complemented the glycogen synthase (gsy1gsy2) activity in yeast. Structural analysis by circular dichroism (CD) and homology modelling showed no significant structural distortion in the mutant enzyme. Molecular docking studies suggested that the residue Leu539 is distant from the catalytic active site (ADP binding pocket) and had no detectable conformational changes in active site. Both wild and mutant enzymes were assayed for starch binding in vitro, and demonstrating higher affinity of the GBSSI.L539P mutant for starch than the wild type. The present study indicated that distant residue (L539P) influenced GBSSI activity by affecting its starch-binding ability. Therefore, it may be a potential molecular target for enhanced amylose content in grain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinita Sharma
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), SAS Nagar, Sector-81, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India.,Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research (IISER) Mohali, SAS Nagar, Sector-81, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Kousar Jahan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), SAS Nagar, Sector-67, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Prashant Kumar
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), SAS Nagar, Sector-81, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Anuradhika Puri
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vishnu K Sharma
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), SAS Nagar, Sector-67, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Ankita Mishra
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), SAS Nagar, Sector-81, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India
| | - P V Bharatam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), SAS Nagar, Sector-67, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Deepak Sharma
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vikas Rishi
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), SAS Nagar, Sector-81, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Joy Roy
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), SAS Nagar, Sector-81, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India.
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50
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Alternations in the chain length distribution of polysaccharides by adjusting the active sites of the 1,4-α-glucan branching enzyme. Food Res Int 2022; 162:112119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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