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Walde MG, Wenden B, Chuine I, Gessler A, Saurer M, Vitasse Y. Stable water isotopes reveal the onset of bud dormancy in temperate trees, whereas water content is a better proxy for dormancy release. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpae028. [PMID: 38417929 PMCID: PMC11016847 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Earlier spring growth onset in temperate forests is a visible effect of global warming that alters global water and carbon cycling. Consequently, it becomes crucial to accurately predict the future spring phenological shifts in vegetation under different climate warming scenarios. However, current phenological models suffer from a lack of physiological insights of tree dormancy and are rarely experimentally validated. Here, we sampled twig cuttings of five deciduous tree species at two climatically different locations (270 and 750 m a.s.l., ~ 2.3 °C difference) throughout the winter of 2019-20. Twig budburst success, thermal time to budburst, bud water content and short-term 2H-labelled water uptake into buds were quantified to link bud dormancy status with vascular water transport efficacy, with the objective of establishing connections between the dormancy status of buds and their effectiveness in vascular water transport. We found large differences in the dormancy status between species throughout the entire investigation period, likely reflecting species-specific environmental requirements to initiate and release dormancy, whereas only small differences in the dormancy status were found between the two studied sites. We found strong 2H-labelled water uptake into buds during leaf senescence, followed by a sharp decrease, which we ascribed to the initiation of endodormancy. However, surprisingly, we did not find a progressive increase in 2H-labelled water uptake into buds as winter advanced. Nonetheless, all examined tree species exhibited a consistent relationship between bud water content and dormancy status. Our results suggest that short-term 2H-labelled water uptake may not be a robust indicator of dormancy release, yet it holds promise as a method for tracking the induction of dormancy in deciduous trees. By contrast, bud water content emerges as a cost-effective and more reliable indicator of dormancy release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel G Walde
- Ecosystem Ecology, Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Bénédicte Wenden
- INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, UMR Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, 71 av. Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Isabelle Chuine
- CEFE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Ecosystem Ecology, Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Universitätsstrasse 16, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Saurer
- Ecosystem Ecology, Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Yann Vitasse
- Ecosystem Ecology, Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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2
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Gričar J, Jevšenak J, Giagli K, Eler K, Tsalagkas D, Gryc V, Vavrčík H, Čufar K, Prislan P. Temporal and spatial variability of phloem structure in Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica and its link to climate. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:1285-1299. [PMID: 38213092 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Using a unique 8-year data set (2010-2017) of phloem data, we studied the effect of temperature and precipitation on the phloem anatomy (conduit area, widths of ring, early and late phloem) and xylem-ring width in two coexisting temperate tree species, Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica, from three contrasting European temperate forest sites. Histometric analyses were performed on microcores taken from tree stems in autumn. We found high interannual variability and sensitivity of phloem anatomy and xylem-ring widths to precipitation and temperature; however, the responses were species- and site-specific. The contrasting response of xylem and phloem-ring widths of the same tree species to weather conditions was found at the two Slovenian sites generally well supplied with precipitation, while at the driest Czech site, the influence of weather factors on xylem and phloem ring widths was synchronised. Since widths of mean annual xylem and phloem increments were narrowest at the Czech site, this site is suggested to be most restrictive for the radial growth of both species. By influencing the seasonal patterns of xylem and phloem development, water availability appears to be the most important determinant of tissue- and species-specific responses to local weather conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jernej Jevšenak
- Slovenian Forestry Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Kyriaki Giagli
- Department of Wood Science and Technology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Klemen Eler
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dimitrios Tsalagkas
- Department of Wood Science and Technology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Gryc
- Department of Wood Science and Technology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hanuš Vavrčík
- Department of Wood Science and Technology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Katarina Čufar
- Department of Wood Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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3
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Arend M, Hoch G, Kahmen A. Stem growth phenology, not canopy greening, constrains deciduous tree growth. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpad160. [PMID: 38159107 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Canopy phenology is a widely used proxy for deciduous forest growth with various applications in terrestrial ecosystem modeling. Its use relies on common assumptions that canopy greening and stem growth are tightly coordinated processes, enabling predictions on the timing and the quantity of annual tree growth. Here, we present parallel observations of canopy and stem growth phenology and annual stem increment in around 90 deciduous forest trees with diffuse-porous (Fagus sylvatica, Acer pseudoplatanus, Carpinus betulus) or ring-porous (Quercus robur × petraea) wood anatomy. These data were collected in a mixed temperate forest at the Swiss-Canopy-Crane II site, in 4 years with strongly contrasting weather conditions. We found that stem growth resumption lagged several weeks behind spring canopy greening in diffuse-porous but not in ring-porous trees. Canopy greening and stem growth resumption showed no or only weak signs of temporal coordination across the observation years. Within the assessed species, the seasonal timing of stem growth varied strongly among individuals, as trees with high annual increments resumed growth earlier and also completed their main growth earlier. The length of main growth activity had no influence on annual increments. Our findings not only challenge tight temporal coordination of canopy and stem growth phenology but also demonstrate that longer main growth activity does not translate into higher annual increments. This may compromise approaches modeling tree growth and forest productivity with canopy phenology and growth length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Arend
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Physiological Plant Ecology, University of Basel, Bernoullistrasse 32, Basel 4056, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Plant Ecology, University of Trier, Behringstraße 21, Trier 54296, Germany
| | - Günter Hoch
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Physiological Plant Ecology, University of Basel, Bernoullistrasse 32, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Ansgar Kahmen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Physiological Plant Ecology, University of Basel, Bernoullistrasse 32, Basel 4056, Switzerland
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4
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Zamira D, Khaydarov K, Zafar M, Ramadan MF, Ahmad M, Aziza N, Ochilov U, Zebiniso U, Farzona D. Comprehensive study of allergenic tree species: Palynological insights enhanced by HPLC and GC-MS profiling. Biomed Chromatogr 2024; 38:e5774. [PMID: 37972935 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Considering the limited data available on tree species in Uzbekistan, this research aimed to provide new insights. We gathered plant samples from different locations within Samarkand city and thoughtfully selected 15 tree species that represent the country's flora. Using scanning electron microscopy, we conducted comprehensive analyses of pollen morphology, revealing a diverse range of variations in the shapes, dimensions, and surface characteristics displayed by pollen grains. Distinct ornamentations such as micro-echinate, reticulate, rugulate, gemmate-verrucate, and verrucate-scabrate patterns facilitated the differentiation of species. These scanning electron microscopy findings enhance our comprehension of tree species diversity, adaptation, and ecological roles. In addition, leaf extracts were analyzed using HPLC and GC-MS, revealing a plethora of bioactive compounds, including catechins, chlorogenic acid, vanillic acid, and others. Furthermore, GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of seven key compounds, including 1-hexadecyne, 2-chloroethanol, 1,6-heptadiene, 2-methyl-, 5-bromoadamantan-2-one, ethyl 3-(3-pyridyl) propenoate, bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, and quercetin. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of this method in assessing the quality of leaf extracts from tree species by examining both microscopic characteristics and chemical composition. This multifaceted approach has deepened our understanding of the characteristics and chemical compositions of these trees, thus contributing to a more profound appreciation of their ecological significance and potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djumayeva Zamira
- Institute of Biochemistry, Samarkand State University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
| | - Khislat Khaydarov
- Institute of Biochemistry, Samarkand State University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
| | - Muhammad Zafar
- Institute of Biochemistry, Samarkand State University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohamed Fawzy Ramadan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nozimova Aziza
- Institute of Biochemistry, Samarkand State University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
| | - Ulugbek Ochilov
- Institute of Biochemistry, Samarkand State University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
| | - Umurzakova Zebiniso
- Institute of Biochemistry, Samarkand State University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
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5
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Jeon SJ, Zhang Y, Castillo C, Nava V, Ristroph K, Therrien B, Meza L, Lowry GV, Giraldo JP. Targeted Delivery of Sucrose-Coated Nanocarriers with Chemical Cargoes to the Plant Vasculature Enhances Long-Distance Translocation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2304588. [PMID: 37840413 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Current practices for delivering agrochemicals are inefficient, with only a fraction reaching the intended targets in plants. The surfaces of nanocarriers are functionalized with sucrose, enabling rapid and efficient foliar delivery into the plant phloem, a vascular tissue that transports sugars, signaling molecules, and agrochemicals through the whole plant. The chemical affinity of sucrose molecules to sugar membrane transporters on the phloem cells enhances the uptake of sucrose-coated quantum dots (sucQD) and biocompatible carbon dots with β-cyclodextrin molecular baskets (suc-β-CD) that can carry a wide range of agrochemicals. The QD and CD fluorescence emission properties allowed detection and monitoring of rapid translocation (<40 min) in the vasculature of wheat leaves by confocal and epifluorescence microscopy. The suc-β-CDs more than doubled the delivery of chemical cargoes into the leaf vascular tissue. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis showed that the fraction of sucQDs loaded into the phloem and transported to roots is over 6.8 times higher than unmodified QDs. The sucrose coating of nanoparticles approach enables unprecedented targeted delivery to roots with ≈70% of phloem-loaded nanoparticles delivered to roots. The use of plant biorecognition molecules mediated delivery provides an efficient approach for guiding nanocarriers containing agrochemicals to the plant vasculature and whole plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Ji Jeon
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Yilin Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Christopher Castillo
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Valeria Nava
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Kurt Ristroph
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Benjamin Therrien
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Leticia Meza
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Gregory V Lowry
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Juan Pablo Giraldo
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
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Blumstein M, Oseguera M, Caso-McHugh T, Des Marais DL. Nonstructural carbohydrate dynamics' relationship to leaf development under varying environments. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:102-113. [PMID: 37882355 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Leaf-out in temperate forests is a critical transition point each spring and advancing with global change. The mechanism linking phenological variation to external cues is poorly understood. Nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) availability may be key. Here, we use branch cuttings from northern red oak (Quercus rubra) and measure NSCs throughout bud development in branch tissue. Given genes and environment influence phenology, we placed branches in an arrayed factorial experiment (three temperatures × two photoperiods, eight genotypes) to examine their impact on variation in leaf-out timing and corresponding NSCs. Despite significant differences in leaf-out timing between treatments, NSC patterns were much more consistent, with all treatments and genotypes displaying similar NSC concentrations across phenophases. Notably, the moderate and hot temperature treatments reached the same NSC concentrations and phenophases at the same growing degree days (GDD), but 20 calendar days apart, while the cold treatment achieved only half the GDD of the other two. Our results suggest that NSCs are coordinated with leaf-out and could act as a molecular clock, signaling to cells the passage of time and triggering leaf development to begin. This link between NSCs and budburst is critical for improving predictions of phenological timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan Blumstein
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 15 Vassar St., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Miranda Oseguera
- Department of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, 5600 City Avenue, Philadelphia, PA, 19131, USA
| | - Theresa Caso-McHugh
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 15 Vassar St., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - David L Des Marais
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 15 Vassar St., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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7
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Zhang Q, Zhao H, Cheng W, Cong N, Wang X, Liang H, Li X. Increased productivity of temperate vegetation in the preceding year drives early spring phenology in the subsequent year in northern China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166676. [PMID: 37673244 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Under global warming, rising temperature have advanced spring phenology in recent decades. However, the internal physiological mechanisms driving changes in spring phenology still remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the effects of temperate vegetation gross primary productivity (GPP) during the preceding year on spring phenology of the subsequent year based on the start of growing season (SOS) extracted from NDVI datasets between 1982 and 2015. We found that the preceding year's GPP had an effect on the subsequent year's SOS, equivalent to 33 %-50 % of effect of the preseason's mean temperature. Specifically, in the temperate and semi-humid or humid conditions, the preceding year's GPP had a stronger effect on SOS than in boreal or semi-arid conditions. In addition, the SOS of the dwarf vegetation, with less transport pressure and higher carbon concentrations, was more sensitive to the preceding year's GPP than that of tall forests. We found the effects of the preceding year's GPP on SOS varied with space and vegetation types. Therefore, the physiological mechanism should be considered in future spring phenology model separately according to space and vegetation types, to improve the accuracy of future phenology and then global carbon sequestration predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Hongfang Zhao
- School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Key Laboratory of Spatial-temporal Big Data Analysis and Application of Natural Resources in Megacities, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Wanying Cheng
- School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Nan Cong
- Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xuhui Wang
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Hangqi Liang
- School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xia Li
- School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Key Laboratory of Spatial-temporal Big Data Analysis and Application of Natural Resources in Megacities, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai 200241, China
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Rudley D, DeSoto L, Rodríguez-Echeverría S, Nabais C. Climate effect on the growth and hydraulic traits of two shrubs from the top of a Mediterranean mountain. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 902:165911. [PMID: 37549708 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Increasing mean global temperatures in conjunction with increases in the frequency and severity of drought events affect plant growth and physiology, particularly in more arid and mountainous ecosystems. Thus, it is imperative to understand the response of plant growth to climatic oscillations in these regions. This study used dendrochronological and wood anatomical traits of two shrub species growing over 1500 m.a.s.l. in the Serra da Estrela (Portugal), Juniperus communis and Cytisus oromediterraneus, to analyze their response to temperature and water availability parameters. Results showed an increase in shrub growth related to the increase over time of the mean minimum and maximum monthly temperature in Serra da Estrela. Warming seems to promote shrub growth because it lengthens the growing season, although J. communis responds mainly to spring maximum temperature while C. oromediterraneus is influenced by fall maximum temperature. Hydraulic traits of J. communis and C. oromediterraneus were negatively influenced by winter drought. Additionally, there were species-specific differences in response to changes in water availability. J. communis radial growth was significantly affected by spring drought conditions, while C. oromediterraneus radial growth was significantly affected by spring precipitation. C. oromediterraneus hydraulic traits were also significantly affected by drought conditions from the previous spring and fall. This study shed light on specific differences in the response to climate between two co-occurring shrub species in the top of an understudied Mediterranean mountain, which could have implications in the future distribution of woody species within this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Rudley
- Forest Research Centre and Associate Laboratory TERRA, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - L DeSoto
- Department of Biodiversity, Ecology, and Evolution (BEE), Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, C/ José Antonio Novais 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - S Rodríguez-Echeverría
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas s/n, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - C Nabais
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas s/n, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
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Fouché M, Bonnet H, Bonnet DMV, Wenden B. Transport capacity is uncoupled with endodormancy breaking in sweet cherry buds: physiological and molecular insights. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1240642. [PMID: 38752012 PMCID: PMC11094712 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1240642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Introduction To avoid the negative impacts of winter unfavorable conditions for plant development, temperate trees enter a rest period called dormancy. Winter dormancy is a complex process that involves multiple signaling pathways and previous studies have suggested that transport capacity between cells and between the buds and the twig may regulate the progression throughout dormancy stages. However, the dynamics and molecular actors involved in this regulation are still poorly described in fruit trees. Methods Here, in order to validate the hypothesis that transport capacity regulates dormancy progression in fruit trees, we combined physiological, imaging and transcriptomic approaches to characterize molecular pathways and transport capacity during dormancy in sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) flower buds. Results Our results show that transport capacity is reduced during dormancy and could be regulated by environmental signals. Moreover, we demonstrate that dormancy release is not synchronized with the transport capacity resumption but occurs when the bud is capable of growth under the influence of warmer temperatures. We highlight key genes involved in transport capacity during dormancy. Discussion Based on long-term observations conducted during six winter seasons, we propose hypotheses on the environmental and molecular regulation of transport capacity, in relation to dormancy and growth resumption in sweet cherry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Fouché
- INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, UMR Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie 1332, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | | | | | - Bénédicte Wenden
- INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, UMR Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie 1332, Villenave d’Ornon, France
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Yin XH, Hao GY, Sterck F. Ring- and diffuse-porous tree species from a cold temperate forest diverge in stem hydraulic traits, leaf photosynthetic traits, growth rate and altitudinal distribution. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 43:722-736. [PMID: 36715627 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In cold and humid temperate forests, low temperature, late frost and frequent freeze-thaw cycles are the main factors limiting tree growth and survival. Ring- and diffuse-porous tree species differing in xylem anatomy coexist in these forests, but their divergent adaptations to these factors have been poorly explored. To fill this knowledge gap, we compared four ring-porous and four diffuse-porous tree species from the same temperate forest in Northeast China by quantifying their leaf and stem functional traits, their stem growth rates using tree ring analysis and their resistance to cold represented by upper altitude species distribution borders from survey data. We found that the ring-porous trees were characterized by traits related to more rapid water transport, carbon gain and stem growth rates than those of the diffuse-porous species. Compared with the diffuse-porous species, the ring-porous species had a significantly higher shoot hydraulic conductance (Ks-shoot, 0.52 vs 1.03 kg m-1 s-1 MPa-1), leaf photosynthetic rate (An, 11.28 vs 15.83 μmol m-2 s-1), relative basal area increment (BAIr, 2.28 vs 0.72 cm year-1) and stem biomass increment (M, 0.34 vs 0.09 kg year-1 m-1). However, the observed upper elevational distribution limit of the diffuse-porous species was higher than that of the ring-porous species and was associated with higher values of conservative traits, such as longer leaf life span (R2 = 0.52). Correspondingly, BAIr and M showed significant positive correlations with acquisitive traits such as Ks-shoot (R2 = 0.77) and leaf photosynthetic rate (R2 = 0.73) across the eight species, with the ring-porous species occurring at the fast-acquisitive side of the spectrum and the diffuse-porous species located on the opposite side. The observed contrasts in functional traits between the two species groups improved our understanding of their differences in terms of growth strategies and adaptive capabilities in the cold, humid temperate forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Han Yin
- Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Neutrality, Shengyang, Liaoning 110016, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shengyang, Liaoning 110016, China
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Guang-You Hao
- Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Neutrality, Shengyang, Liaoning 110016, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shengyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Frank Sterck
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
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11
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Liang JH, Li JR, Liu C, Pan WQ, Wu WJ, Shi WJ, Wang LJ, Yi MF, Wu J. GhbZIP30-GhCCCH17 module accelerates corm dormancy release by reducing endogenous ABA under cold storage in Gladiolus. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023. [PMID: 37128741 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Gladiolus hybridus is one of the most popular flowers worldwide. However, its corm dormancy characteristic largely limits its off-season production. Long-term cold treatment (LT), which increases sugar content and reduces abscisic acid (ABA), is an efficient approach to accelerate corm dormancy release (CDR). Here, we identified a GhbZIP30-GhCCCH17 module that mediates the antagonism between sugars and ABA during CDR. We showed that sugars promoted CDR by reducing ABA levels in Gladiolus. Our data demonstrated that GhbZIP30 transcription factor directly binds the GhCCCH17 zinc finger promoter and activates its transcription, confirmed by yeast one-hybrid, dual-luciferase (Dual-LUC), chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative PCR (ChIP-qPCR) and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). GhCCCH17 is a transcriptional activator, and its nuclear localisation is altered by glucose and cytokinin treatments. Both GhbZIP30 and GhCCCH17 positively respond to LT, sugars, and cytokinin treatments. Silencing GhbZIP30 or GhCCCH17 resulted in delayed CDR by regulating ABA metabolic genes, while their overexpression promoted CDR. Taken together, we propose that the GhbZIP30-GhCCCH17 module is involved in cold- and glucose-induced CDR by regulating ABA metabolic genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hui Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers, and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Ru Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Qiang Pan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Jing Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Jing Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu-Jia Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Fang Yi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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12
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Volaire F, Barkaoui K, Grémillet D, Charrier G, Dangles O, Lamarque LJ, Martin-StPaul N, Chuine I. Is a seasonally reduced growth potential a convergent strategy to survive drought and frost in plants? ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 131:245-254. [PMID: 36567631 PMCID: PMC9992932 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcac153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants have adapted to survive seasonal life-threatening frost and drought. However, the timing and frequency of such events are impacted by climate change, jeopardizing plant survival. Understanding better the strategies of survival to dehydration stress is therefore timely and can be enhanced by the cross-fertilization of research between disciplines (ecology, physiology), models (woody, herbaceous species) and types of stress (drought, frost). SCOPE We build upon the 'growth-stress survival' trade-off, which underpins the identification of global plant strategies across environments along a 'fast-slow' economics spectrum. Although phenological adaptations such as dormancy are crucial to survive stress, plant global strategies along the fast-slow economic spectrum rarely integrate growth variations across seasons. We argue that the growth-stress survival trade-off can be a useful framework to identify convergent plant ecophysiological strategies to survive both frost and drought. We review evidence that reduced physiological activity, embolism resistance and dehydration tolerance of meristematic tissues are interdependent strategies that determine thresholds of mortality among plants under severe frost and drought. We show that complete dormancy, i.e. programmed growth cessation, before stress occurrence, minimizes water flows and maximizes dehydration tolerance during seasonal life-threatening stresses. We propose that incomplete dormancy, i.e. the programmed reduction of growth potential during the harshest seasons, could be an overlooked but major adaptation across plants. Quantifying stress survival in a range of non-dormant versus winter- or summer-dormant plants, should reveal to what extent incomplete to complete dormancy could represent a proxy for dehydration tolerance and stress survival. CONCLUSIONS Our review of the strategies involved in dehydration stress survival suggests that winter and summer dormancy are insufficiently acknowledged as plant ecological strategies. Incorporating a seasonal fast-slow economics spectrum into global plant strategies improves our understanding of plant resilience to seasonal stress and refines our prevision of plant adaptation to extreme climatic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Volaire
- CEFE, Université Montpellier, INRAE, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, F-34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Karim Barkaoui
- CIRAD, UMR ABSys, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- ABSys, Université F-34060 Montpellier, CIHEAM-IAMM, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - David Grémillet
- CEFE, Université Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, F-34090 Montpellier, France
- Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Guillaume Charrier
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, F-63000 Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - Olivier Dangles
- CEFE, Université Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, F-34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent J Lamarque
- Département des Sciences de l’Environnement, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Nicolas Martin-StPaul
- INRAE, URFM, Domaine Saint Paul, Centre de recherche PACA, 228 route de l’Aérodrome, CS 40509, Domaine Saint-Paul, Site Agroparc, France
| | - Isabelle Chuine
- CEFE, Université Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, F-34090 Montpellier, France
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13
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Grossman JJ. Phenological physiology: seasonal patterns of plant stress tolerance in a changing climate. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:1508-1524. [PMID: 36372992 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The physiological challenges posed by climate change for seasonal, perennial plants include increased risk of heat waves, postbudbreak freezing ('false springs'), and droughts. Although considerable physiological work has shown that the traits conferring tolerance to these stressors - thermotolerance, cold hardiness, and water deficit stress, respectively - are not static in time, they are frequently treated as such. In this review, I synthesize the recent literature on predictable seasonal - and therefore, phenological - patterns of acclimation and deacclimation to heat, cold, and water-deficit stress in perennials, focusing on woody plants native to temperate climates. I highlight promising, high-throughput techniques for quantifying thermotolerance, cold hardiness, and drought tolerance. For each of these forms of stress tolerance, I summarize the current balance of evidence regarding temporal patterns over the course of a year and suggest a characteristic temporal scale in these responses to environmental stress. In doing so, I offer a synthetic framework of 'phenological physiology', in which understanding and leveraging seasonally recurring (phenological) patterns of physiological stress acclimation can facilitate climate change adaptation and mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake J Grossman
- Department of Biology, St. Olaf College, 1520 St Olaf Ave., St Olaf, MN, 55057, USA
- Department of Environmental Studies, St Olaf College, 1520 St Olaf Ave., St Olaf, MN, 55057, USA
- Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, 1300 Centre St., Boston, MA, 02131, USA
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14
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Dow C, Kim AY, D'Orangeville L, Gonzalez-Akre EB, Helcoski R, Herrmann V, Harley GL, Maxwell JT, McGregor IR, McShea WJ, McMahon SM, Pederson N, Tepley AJ, Anderson-Teixeira KJ. Warm springs alter timing but not total growth of temperate deciduous trees. Nature 2022; 608:552-557. [PMID: 35948636 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05092-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
As the climate changes, warmer spring temperatures are causing earlier leaf-out1-3 and commencement of CO2 uptake1,3 in temperate deciduous forests, resulting in a tendency towards increased growing season length3 and annual CO2 uptake1,3-7. However, less is known about how spring temperatures affect tree stem growth8,9, which sequesters carbon in wood that has a long residence time in the ecosystem10,11. Here we show that warmer spring temperatures shifted stem diameter growth of deciduous trees earlier but had no consistent effect on peak growing season length, maximum growth rates, or annual growth, using dendrometer band measurements from 440 trees across two forests. The latter finding was confirmed on the centennial scale by 207 tree-ring chronologies from 108 forests across eastern North America, where annual ring width was far more sensitive to temperatures during the peak growing season than in the spring. These findings imply that any extra CO2 uptake in years with warmer spring temperatures4,5 does not significantly contribute to increased sequestration in long-lived woody stem biomass. Rather, contradicting projections from global carbon cycle models1,12, our empirical results imply that warming spring temperatures are unlikely to increase woody productivity enough to strengthen the long-term CO2 sink of temperate deciduous forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Dow
- Conservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian's National Zoo & Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, USA.,Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Albert Y Kim
- Conservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian's National Zoo & Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, USA.,Statistical & Data Sciences, Smith College, Northampton, MA, USA
| | - Loïc D'Orangeville
- Harvard Forest, Petersham, MA, USA.,Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Erika B Gonzalez-Akre
- Conservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian's National Zoo & Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, USA
| | - Ryan Helcoski
- Conservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian's National Zoo & Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, USA
| | - Valentine Herrmann
- Conservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian's National Zoo & Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, USA
| | - Grant L Harley
- Department of Earth and Spatial Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - Justin T Maxwell
- Department of Geography, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Ian R McGregor
- Conservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian's National Zoo & Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, USA.,Center for Geospatial Analytics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - William J McShea
- Conservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian's National Zoo & Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, USA
| | - Sean M McMahon
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, USA.,Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama, Republic of Panama
| | | | - Alan J Tepley
- Conservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian's National Zoo & Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, USA.,Canadian Forest Service, Northern Forestry Centre, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Forestry and Wildland Resources, Cal Poly Humboldt University, Arcata, CA, USA
| | - Kristina J Anderson-Teixeira
- Conservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian's National Zoo & Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, USA. .,Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama, Republic of Panama.
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15
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Savage JA, Kiecker T, McMann N, Park D, Rothendler M, Mosher K. Leaf out time correlates with wood anatomy across large geographic scales and within local communities. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:953-964. [PMID: 35179794 PMCID: PMC9313884 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
There is a long-standing idea that the timing of leaf production in seasonally cold climates is linked to xylem anatomy, specifically vessel diameter because of the hydraulic requirements of expanding leaves. We tested for a relationship between the timing of leaf out and vessel diameter in 220 plants in three common gardens accounting for species' phylogenetic relationships. We investigated how vessel diameter related to wood porosity, plant height and leaf length. We also used dye perfusion tests to determine whether plants relied on xylem produced during the previous growing season at the time of leaf out. In all three gardens, there was later leaf out in species with wider vessels. Ring-porous species had the widest vessels, exhibited latest leaf out and relied less on xylem made during the previous growing season than diffuse-porous species. Wood anatomy and leaf phenology did not exhibit a phylogenetic signal. The timing of leaf out is correlated with wood anatomy across species regardless of species' geographic origin and phylogenetic relationships. This correlation could be a result of developmental and physiological links between leaves and wood or tied to a larger safety efficiency trade-off.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Kiecker
- Department of BiologyUniversity of MinnesotaDuluthMN55812USA
| | - Natalie McMann
- Department of BiologyUniversity of MinnesotaDuluthMN55812USA
| | - Daniel Park
- Department of Biological SciencesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA
| | | | - Kennedy Mosher
- Department of BiologyUniversity of MinnesotaDuluthMN55812USA
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16
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McMann N, Peichel A, Savage JA. Early spring flowers rely on xylem hydration but are not limited by stem xylem conductivity. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:838-850. [PMID: 34618926 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Many woody plants produce large floral displays early in the spring when xylem transport can be variable and often reduced. To determine whether stem hydraulics impact floral water use, we quantified floral transpiration and tested whether it was correlated with stem xylem conductivity in five temperate woody species that flower before producing leaves. We measured inflorescence gas exchange, examined the relationship between diffusive conductance and inflorescence morphology, and estimated the amount of water supplied to an inflorescence by the phloem. We also tested for correlation between transpiration and native stem xylem conductivity for branches with leaves and branches with flowers. The flowers of our study species obtain most of their water from the xylem. Diffusive conductance was higher in small inflorescences, but water content and daily transpiration rates were greater for larger inflorescences. We found no correlation between floral transpiration per branch and stem xylem conductivity within species. The data suggest that inflorescence water loss during anthesis is not limited by the xylem in our study species. We highlight the impact of floral morphology on hydraulic traits and encourage exploration into temporal shifts in floral hydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie McMann
- Department of Biology, University of Minnesota Duluth, 207 Swenson Science Building, 1035 Kirby Drive, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA
| | - Alexander Peichel
- Department of Biology, University of Minnesota Duluth, 207 Swenson Science Building, 1035 Kirby Drive, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA
| | - Jessica A Savage
- Department of Biology, University of Minnesota Duluth, 207 Swenson Science Building, 1035 Kirby Drive, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA
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17
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Villouta C, Workmaster BA, Livingston DP, Atucha A. Acquisition of Freezing Tolerance in Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait. Is a Multi-Factor Process Involving the Presence of an Ice Barrier at the Bud Base. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:891488. [PMID: 35599888 PMCID: PMC9115472 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.891488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Bud freezing survival strategies have in common the presence of an ice barrier that impedes the propagation of lethally damaging ice from the stem into the internal structures of buds. Despite ice barriers' essential role in buds freezing stress survival, the nature of ice barriers in woody plants is not well understood. High-definition thermal recordings of Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait. buds explored the presence of an ice barrier at the bud base in September, January, and May. Light and confocal microscopy were used to evaluate the ice barrier region anatomy and cell wall composition related to their freezing tolerance. Buds had a temporal ice barrier at the bud base in September and January, although buds were only freezing tolerant in January. Lack of functionality of vascular tissues may contribute to the impedance of ice propagation. Pith tissue at the bud base had comparatively high levels of de-methyl-esterified homogalacturonan (HG), which may also block ice propagation. By May, the ice barrier was absent, xylogenesis had resumed, and de-methyl-esterified HG reached its lowest levels, translating into a loss of freezing tolerance. The structural components of the barrier had a constitutive nature, resulting in an asynchronous development of freezing tolerance between anatomical and metabolic adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Villouta
- Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Beth Ann Workmaster
- Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - David P. Livingston
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, USDA-ARS and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Amaya Atucha
- Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- *Correspondence: Amaya Atucha,
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18
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Gričar J, Jevšenak J, Hafner P, Prislan P, Ferlan M, Lavrič M, Vodnik D, Eler K. Climatic regulation of leaf and cambial phenology in Quercus pubescens: Their interlinkage and impact on xylem and phloem conduits. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 802:149968. [PMID: 34525737 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Increased frequency and severity of stressful events affects the growth patterns and functioning of trees which adjust their phenology to given conditions. Here, we analysed environmental effects (temperature, precipitation, VPD and SWC) on the timing of leaf phenology, seasonal stem radial growth patterns, and xylem and phloem anatomy of Quercus pubescens in the sub-Mediterranean in the period 2014-2019, when various adverse weather events occurred, i.e. spring drought in 2015, summer fire in 2016 and summer drought in 2017. Results showed that the timings of leaf and cambium phenology do not occur simultaneously in Q. pubescens, reflecting different environmental and internal constraints. Although year-to-year variability in the timings of leaf and cambial phenology exists, their chronological sequence is fairly fixed. Different effects of weather conditions on different stages of leaf development in spring were observed. Common climatic drivers (i.e., negative effect of hot and dry summers and a positive effect of increasing moisture availability in winter and summer) were found to affect the widths of xylem and phloem increments with more pronounced effect on late formed parts. A legacy effect of the timing of leaf and cambial phenology of the previous growing season on the timing of phenology of the following spring was confirmed. Rarely available phloem data permitted a comprehensive insight into the interlinkage of the timing of cambium and leaf phenology and adjustment strategies of vascular tissues in Mediterranean pubescent oak to various environmental constraints, including frequent extreme events (drought, fire). Our results suggest that predicted changes in autumn/winter and spring climatic conditions for this area could affect the timings of leaf and stem cambial phenology of Q. pubescens in the coming years, which would affect stem xylem and phloem structure and hydraulic properties, and ultimately its performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jožica Gričar
- Department of Yield and Silviculture, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vecna pot 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Jernej Jevšenak
- Department of Yield and Silviculture, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vecna pot 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Polona Hafner
- Department of Yield and Silviculture, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vecna pot 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Peter Prislan
- Department of Forest Techniques and Economics, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vecna pot 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mitja Ferlan
- Department of Forest Ecology, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vecna pot 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Martina Lavrič
- Department of Yield and Silviculture, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vecna pot 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dominik Vodnik
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Klemen Eler
- Department of Forest Ecology, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vecna pot 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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19
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Pan W, Liang J, Sui J, Li J, Liu C, Xin Y, Zhang Y, Wang S, Zhao Y, Zhang J, Yi M, Gazzarrini S, Wu J. ABA and Bud Dormancy in Perennials: Current Knowledge and Future Perspective. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12101635. [PMID: 34681029 PMCID: PMC8536057 DOI: 10.3390/genes12101635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bud dormancy is an evolved trait that confers adaptation to harsh environments, and affects flower differentiation, crop yield and vegetative growth in perennials. ABA is a stress hormone and a major regulator of dormancy. Although the physiology of bud dormancy is complex, several advancements have been achieved in this field recently by using genetics, omics and bioinformatics methods. Here, we review the current knowledge on the role of ABA and environmental signals, as well as the interplay of other hormones and sucrose, in the regulation of this process. We also discuss emerging potential mechanisms in this physiological process, including epigenetic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Pan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (W.P.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (M.Y.)
| | - Jiahui Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (W.P.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (M.Y.)
| | - Juanjuan Sui
- Biology and Food Engineering College, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, China;
| | - Jingru Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (W.P.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (M.Y.)
| | - Chang Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (W.P.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (M.Y.)
| | - Yin Xin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (W.P.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (M.Y.)
| | - Yanmin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (W.P.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (M.Y.)
| | - Shaokun Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (W.P.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (M.Y.)
| | - Yajie Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (W.P.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (M.Y.)
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (W.P.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (M.Y.)
- Biotechnology Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Mingfang Yi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (W.P.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (M.Y.)
| | - Sonia Gazzarrini
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada;
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada
| | - Jian Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (W.P.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (M.Y.)
- Correspondence:
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20
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Barceló-Anguiano M, Holbrook NM, Hormaza JI, Losada JM. Changes in ploidy affect vascular allometry and hydraulic function in Mangifera indica trees. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 108:541-554. [PMID: 34403543 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The enucleated vascular elements of the xylem and the phloem offer an excellent system to test the effect of ploidy on plant function because variation in vascular geometry has a direct influence on transport efficiency. However, evaluations of conduit sizes in polyploid plants have remained elusive, most remarkably in woody species. We used a combination of molecular, physiological and microscopy techniques to model the hydraulic resistance between source and sinks in tetraploid and diploid mango trees. Tetraploids exhibited larger chloroplasts, mesophyll cells and stomatal guard cells, resulting in higher leaf elastic modulus and lower dehydration rates, despite the high water potentials of both ploidies in the field. Both the xylem and the phloem displayed a scaling of conduits with ploidy, revealing attenuated hydraulic resistance in tetraploids. Conspicuous wall hygroscopic moieties in the cells involved in transpiration and transport indicate a role in volumetric adjustments as a result of turgor change in both ploidies. In autotetraploids, the enlargement of organelles, cells and tissues, which are critical for water and photoassimilate transport at long distances, point to major physiological novelties associated with whole-genome duplication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Barceló-Anguiano
- Institute for Mediterranean and Subtropical Horticulture 'La Mayora' - CSIC - UMA, Avda. Dr. Wienberg s/n, Málaga, 29750, Spain
| | - N Michele Holbrook
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, USA
| | - José I Hormaza
- Institute for Mediterranean and Subtropical Horticulture 'La Mayora' - CSIC - UMA, Avda. Dr. Wienberg s/n, Málaga, 29750, Spain
| | - Juan M Losada
- Institute for Mediterranean and Subtropical Horticulture 'La Mayora' - CSIC - UMA, Avda. Dr. Wienberg s/n, Málaga, 29750, Spain
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, USA
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Ray DM, Savage JA. Seasonal changes in temperate woody plant phloem anatomy and physiology: implications for long-distance transport. AOB PLANTS 2021; 13:plab028. [PMID: 34234934 PMCID: PMC8255074 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plab028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal changes in climate are accompanied by shifts in carbon allocation and phenological changes in woody angiosperms, the timing of which can have broad implications for species distributions, interactions and ecosystem processes. During critical transitions from autumn to winter and winter to spring, physiological and anatomical changes within the phloem could impose a physical limit on the ability of woody angiosperms to transport carbon and signals. There is a paucity of the literature that addresses tree (floral or foliar) phenology, seasonal phloem anatomy and seasonal phloem physiology together, so our knowledge of how carbon transport could fluctuate seasonally, especially in temperate climates is limited. We review phloem phenology focussing on how sieve element anatomy and phloem sap flow could affect carbon availability throughout the year with a focus on winter. To investigate whether flow is possible in the winter, we construct a simple model of phloem sap flow and investigate how changes to the sap concentration, pressure gradient and sieve plate pores could influence flow during the winter. Our model suggests that phloem transport in some species could occur year-round, even in winter, but current methods for measuring all the parameters surrounding phloem sap flow make it difficult to test this hypothesis. We highlight outstanding questions that remain about phloem functionality in the winter and emphasize the need for new methods to address gaps in our knowledge about phloem function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin M Ray
- Department of Biology, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN 55811, USA
| | - Jessica A Savage
- Department of Biology, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN 55811, USA
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