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Paluchowska P, Lim Rossmann S, Lysøe E, Janiszewska M, Michalak K, Heydarnajad Giglou R, Torabi Giglou M, Brurberg MB, Śliwka J, Yin Z. Diversity of the Ry sto gene conferring resistance to potato virus Y in wild relatives of potato. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:375. [PMID: 38714928 PMCID: PMC11077776 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05089-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Potato virus Y (PVY) is among the economically most damaging viral pathogen in production of potato (Solanum tuberosum) worldwide. The gene Rysto derived from the wild potato relative Solanum stoloniferum confers extreme resistance to PVY. RESULTS The presence and diversity of Rysto were investigated in wild relatives of potato (298 genotypes representing 29 accessions of 26 tuber-bearing Solanum species) using PacBio amplicon sequencing. A total of 55 unique Rysto-like sequences were identified in 72 genotypes representing 12 accessions of 10 Solanum species and six resistant controls (potato cultivars Alicja, Bzura, Hinga, Nimfy, White Lady and breeding line PW363). The 55 Rysto-like sequences showed 89.87 to 99.98% nucleotide identity to the Rysto reference gene, and these encoded in total 45 unique protein sequences. While Rysto-like26 identified in Alicja, Bzura, White Lady and Rysto-like16 in PW363 encode a protein identical to the Rysto reference, the remaining 44 predicted Rysto-like proteins were 65.93 to 99.92% identical to the reference. Higher levels of diversity of the Rysto-like sequences were found in the wild relatives of potato than in the resistant control cultivars. The TIR and NB-ARC domains were the most conserved within the Rysto-like proteins, while the LRR and C-JID domains were more variable. Several Solanum species, including S. antipoviczii and S. hougasii, showed resistance to PVY. This study demonstrated Hyoscyamus niger, a Solanaceae species distantly related to Solanum, as a host of PVY. CONCLUSIONS The new Rysto-like variants and the identified PVY resistant potato genotypes are potential resistance sources against PVY in potato breeding. Identification of H. niger as a host for PVY is important for cultivation of this plant, studies on the PVY management, its ecology, and migrations. The amplicon sequencing based on PacBio SMRT and the following data analysis pipeline described in our work may be applied to obtain the nucleotide sequences and analyze any full-length genes from any, even polyploid, organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Paluchowska
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - National Research Institute (IHAR-PIB) in Radzików, Młochów Division, Platanowa St. 19, Młochów, 05-831, Poland
| | - Simeon Lim Rossmann
- Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
- Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Ås, Norway
| | - Erik Lysøe
- Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Ås, Norway
| | - Marta Janiszewska
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - National Research Institute (IHAR-PIB) in Radzików, Młochów Division, Platanowa St. 19, Młochów, 05-831, Poland
| | - Krystyna Michalak
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - National Research Institute (IHAR-PIB) in Radzików, Młochów Division, Platanowa St. 19, Młochów, 05-831, Poland
| | - Rasoul Heydarnajad Giglou
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, 56199-11367, Iran
| | - Mousa Torabi Giglou
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, 56199-11367, Iran
| | - May Bente Brurberg
- Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
- Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Ås, Norway
| | - Jadwiga Śliwka
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - National Research Institute (IHAR-PIB) in Radzików, Młochów Division, Platanowa St. 19, Młochów, 05-831, Poland
| | - Zhimin Yin
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - National Research Institute (IHAR-PIB) in Radzików, Młochów Division, Platanowa St. 19, Młochów, 05-831, Poland.
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2
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Seyfettinoglu S, Adıguzel FI. Prediction of Tubal Rupture in Ectopic Pregnancy Using Methotrexate Treatment Protocols and Hematological Markers. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6459. [PMID: 37892597 PMCID: PMC10607125 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12206459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ectopic pregnancy is a pregnancy complication in which the embryo implants outside the uterine cavity. Although medical treatment is chosen first, sometimes a rupture may occur, and surgical treatment may be required. The parameters to predict rupture have been the subject of many studies. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of different methotrexate protocols in the treatment of ectopic pregnancy and determine the parameters and methotrexate treatment protocols that can predict the risk of rupture. A total of 128 patients diagnosed with ectopic pregnancy were included in this study. Patients were separated into three categories based on their treatment protocols. Regarding the occurrence of rupture, all three groups were compared. The hematological parameters and methotrexate treatment protocols were analyzed and compared between groups. The mean age was 31.9 years. Parity was significantly higher in patients who received multiple doses of methotrexate compared to the other groups. There were significant variations observed among the groups regarding parity, initial β-hCG values, hematocrit (HTC), and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) (p = 0.048, p < 0.001, p = 0.019, and p = 0.047, respectively). According to receiver operating characteristic analysis, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) levels were significantly associated with histopathologically confirmed tubal rupture (p < 0.05). NLR levels should be examined in ectopic pregnancy, and the possibility of rupture should be considered in cases with high NLR levels. The potential of NLR to predict ectopic pregnancy rupture should be explored in multicenter prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevtap Seyfettinoglu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Health Science, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, 01230 Adana, Turkey
| | - Fikriye Işıl Adıguzel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Health Science, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, 01230 Adana, Turkey;
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Contreras MP, Lüdke D, Pai H, Toghani A, Kamoun S. NLR receptors in plant immunity: making sense of the alphabet soup. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e57495. [PMID: 37602936 PMCID: PMC10561179 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202357495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants coordinately use cell-surface and intracellular immune receptors to perceive pathogens and mount an immune response. Intracellular events of pathogen recognition are largely mediated by immune receptors of the nucleotide binding and leucine rich-repeat (NLR) classes. Upon pathogen perception, NLRs trigger a potent broad-spectrum immune reaction, usually accompanied by a form of programmed cell death termed the hypersensitive response. Some plant NLRs act as multifunctional singleton receptors which combine pathogen detection and immune signaling. However, NLRs can also function in higher order pairs and networks of functionally specialized interconnected receptors. In this article, we cover the basic aspects of plant NLR biology with an emphasis on NLR networks. We highlight some of the recent advances in NLR structure, function, and activation and discuss emerging topics such as modulator NLRs, pathogen suppression of NLRs, and NLR bioengineering. Multi-disciplinary approaches are required to disentangle how these NLR immune receptor pairs and networks function and evolve. Answering these questions holds the potential to deepen our understanding of the plant immune system and unlock a new era of disease resistance breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Lüdke
- The Sainsbury LaboratoryUniversity of East AngliaNorwichUK
| | - Hsuan Pai
- The Sainsbury LaboratoryUniversity of East AngliaNorwichUK
| | | | - Sophien Kamoun
- The Sainsbury LaboratoryUniversity of East AngliaNorwichUK
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4
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Bentham AR, De la Concepcion JC, Benjumea JV, Kourelis J, Jones S, Mendel M, Stubbs J, Stevenson CEM, Maidment JHR, Youles M, Zdrzałek R, Kamoun S, Banfield MJ. Allelic compatibility in plant immune receptors facilitates engineering of new effector recognition specificities. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:3809-3827. [PMID: 37486356 PMCID: PMC10533329 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Engineering the plant immune system offers genetic solutions to mitigate crop diseases caused by diverse agriculturally significant pathogens and pests. Modification of intracellular plant immune receptors of the nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptor superfamily for expanded recognition of pathogen virulence proteins (effectors) is a promising approach for engineering disease resistance. However, engineering can cause NLR autoactivation, resulting in constitutive defense responses that are deleterious to the plant. This may be due to plant NLRs associating in highly complex signaling networks that coevolve together, and changes through breeding or genetic modification can generate incompatible combinations, resulting in autoimmune phenotypes. The sensor and helper NLRs of the rice (Oryza sativa) NLR pair Pik have coevolved, and mismatching between noncoevolved alleles triggers constitutive activation and cell death. This limits the extent to which protein modifications can be used to engineer pathogen recognition and enhance disease resistance mediated by these NLRs. Here, we dissected incompatibility determinants in the Pik pair in Nicotiana benthamiana and found that heavy metal-associated (HMA) domains integrated in Pik-1 not only evolved to bind pathogen effectors but also likely coevolved with other NLR domains to maintain immune homeostasis. This explains why changes in integrated domains can lead to autoactivation. We then used this knowledge to facilitate engineering of new effector recognition specificities, overcoming initial autoimmune penalties. We show that by mismatching alleles of the rice sensor and helper NLRs Pik-1 and Pik-2, we can enable the integration of synthetic domains with novel and enhanced recognition specificities. Taken together, our results reveal a strategy for engineering NLRs, which has the potential to allow an expanded set of integrations and therefore new disease resistance specificities in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Bentham
- Department of Biochemistry and Metabolism, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | | | - Javier Vega Benjumea
- Department of Biochemistry and Metabolism, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Jiorgos Kourelis
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Sally Jones
- Department of Biochemistry and Metabolism, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Melanie Mendel
- Department of Biochemistry and Metabolism, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Jack Stubbs
- Department of Biochemistry and Metabolism, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Clare E M Stevenson
- Department of Biochemistry and Metabolism, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Josephine H R Maidment
- Department of Biochemistry and Metabolism, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Mark Youles
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Rafał Zdrzałek
- Department of Biochemistry and Metabolism, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Sophien Kamoun
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Mark J Banfield
- Department of Biochemistry and Metabolism, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
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5
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Piau M, Schmitt-Keichinger C. The Hypersensitive Response to Plant Viruses. Viruses 2023; 15:2000. [PMID: 37896777 PMCID: PMC10612061 DOI: 10.3390/v15102000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant proteins with domains rich in leucine repeats play important roles in detecting pathogens and triggering defense reactions, both at the cellular surface for pattern-triggered immunity and in the cell to ensure effector-triggered immunity. As intracellular parasites, viruses are mostly detected intracellularly by proteins with a nucleotide binding site and leucine-rich repeats but receptor-like kinases with leucine-rich repeats, known to localize at the cell surface, have also been involved in response to viruses. In the present review we report on the progress that has been achieved in the last decade on the role of these leucine-rich proteins in antiviral immunity, with a special focus on our current understanding of the hypersensitive response.
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6
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Huang S, Jia A, Ma S, Sun Y, Chang X, Han Z, Chai J. NLR signaling in plants: from resistosomes to second messengers. Trends Biochem Sci 2023; 48:776-787. [PMID: 37394345 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Nucleotide binding and leucine-rich repeat-containing receptors (NLRs) have a critical role in plant immunity through direct or indirect recognition of pathogen effectors. Recent studies have demonstrated that such recognition induces formation of large protein complexes called resistosomes to mediate NLR immune signaling. Some NLR resistosomes activate Ca2+ influx by acting as Ca2+-permeable channels, whereas others function as active NADases to catalyze the production of nucleotide-derived second messengers. In this review we summarize these studies on pathogen effector-induced assembly of NLR resistosomes and resistosome-mediated production of the second messengers of Ca2+ and nucleotide derivatives. We also discuss downstream events and regulation of resistosome signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijia Huang
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Center for Plant Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Aolin Jia
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Center for Plant Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shoucai Ma
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Center for Plant Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Center for Plant Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chang
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Center for Plant Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhifu Han
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Center for Plant Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jijie Chai
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Center for Plant Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne 50674, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Cologne 50829, Germany; School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China.
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7
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Bernoux M, Chen J, Zhang X, Newell K, Hu J, Deslandes L, Dodds P. Subcellular localization requirements and specificities for plant immune receptor Toll-interleukin-1 receptor signaling. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 36932864 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent work shed light on how plant intracellular immune receptors of the nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) family are activated upon pathogen effector recognition to trigger immune responses. Activation of Toll-interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain-containing NLRs (TNLs) induces receptor oligomerization and close proximity of the TIR domain, which is required for TIR enzymatic activity. TIR-catalyzed small signaling molecules bind to EDS1 family heterodimers and subsequently activate downstream helper NLRs, which function as Ca2+ permeable channel to activate immune responses eventually leading to cell death. Subcellular localization requirements of TNLs and signaling partners are not well understood, although they are required to understand fully the mechanisms underlying NLR early signaling. TNLs show diverse subcellular localization while EDS1 shows nucleocytosolic localization. Here, we studied the impact of TIR and EDS1 mislocalization on the signaling activation of different TNLs. In Nicotiana benthamiana, our results suggest that close proximity of TIR domains isolated from flax L6 and Arabidopsis RPS4 and SNC1 TNLs drives signaling activation from different cell compartments. Nevertheless, both Golgi-membrane anchored L6 and nucleocytosolic RPS4 have the same requirements for EDS1 subcellular localization in Arabidopsis thaliana. By using mislocalized variants of EDS1, we found that autoimmune L6 and RPS4 TIR domain can induce seedling cell death when EDS1 is present in the cytosol. However, when EDS1 is restricted to the nucleus, both induce a stunting phenotype but no cell death. Our data point out the importance of thoroughly investigating the dynamics of TNLs and signaling partners subcellular localization to understand TNL signaling fully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Bernoux
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microbes-Environnement (LIPME), UMR 2594/441 CNRS, INRAE, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Jian Chen
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhang
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Kim Newell
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, People's Republic of China
| | - Laurent Deslandes
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microbes-Environnement (LIPME), UMR 2594/441 CNRS, INRAE, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Peter Dodds
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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8
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Mermigka G, Michalopoulou VA, Amartolou A, Mentzelopoulou A, Astropekaki N, Sarris PF. Assassination tango: an NLR/NLR-ID immune receptors pair of rapeseed co-operates inside the nucleus to activate cell death. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 113:1211-1222. [PMID: 36628462 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant immunity largely relies on intracellular nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat (NLR) immune receptors. Some plant NLRs carry integrated domains (IDs) that mimic authentic pathogen effector targets. We report here the identification of a genetically linked NLR-ID/NLR pair: BnRPR1 and BnRPR2 in Brassica napus. The NLR-ID carries two ID fusions and the mode of action of the pair conforms to the proposed "integrated sensor/decoy" model. The two NLRs interact and the heterocomplex localizes in the plant-cell nucleus and nucleolus. However, the BnRPRs pair does not operate through a negative regulation as it was previously reported for other NLR-IDs. Cell death is induced only upon co-expression of the two proteins and is dependent on the helper genes, EDS1 and NRG1. The nuclear localization of both proteins seems to be essential for cell death activation, while the IDs of BnRPR1 are dispensable for this purpose. In summary, we describe a new pair of NLR-IDs with interesting features in relation to its regulation and the cell death activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glykeria Mermigka
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, 70013, Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Vassiliki A Michalopoulou
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, 70013, Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Argyro Amartolou
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Crete, 714 09 Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Niki Astropekaki
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Crete, 714 09 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Panagiotis F Sarris
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, 70013, Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Crete, 714 09 Heraklion, Greece
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, EX4 4QD, Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, UK
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Yang D, He N, Huang F, Jin Y, Li S. The Genetic Mechanism of the Immune Response to the Rice False Smut (RFS) Fungus Ustilaginoidea virens. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:741. [PMID: 36840089 PMCID: PMC9961370 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Rice false smut (RFS), which is caused by Ustilaginoidea virens (U. virens), has become one of the most devastating diseases in rice-growing regions worldwide. The disease results in a significant yield loss and poses health threats to humans and animals due to producing mycotoxins. In this review, we update the understanding of the symptoms and resistance genes of RFS, as well as the genomics and effectors in U. virens. We also highlight the genetic mechanism of the immune response to RFS. Finally, we analyse and explore the identification method for RFS, breeding for resistance against the disease, and interactions between the effector proteins and resistance (R) proteins, which would be involved in the development of rice disease resistance materials for breeding programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewei Yang
- Institute of Rice, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350018, China
| | - Niqing He
- Institute of Rice, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350018, China
| | - Fenghuang Huang
- Institute of Rice, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350018, China
| | - Yidan Jin
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shengping Li
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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Wang J, Song W, Chai J. Structure, biochemical function, and signaling mechanism of plant NLRs. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:75-95. [PMID: 36415130 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To counter pathogen invasion, plants have evolved a large number of immune receptors, including membrane-resident pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and intracellular nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs). Our knowledge about PRR and NLR signaling mechanisms has expanded significantly over the past few years. Plant NLRs form multi-protein complexes called resistosomes in response to pathogen effectors, and the signaling mediated by NLR resistosomes converges on Ca2+-permeable channels. Ca2+-permeable channels important for PRR signaling have also been identified. These findings highlight a crucial role of Ca2+ in triggering plant immune signaling. In this review, we first discuss the structural and biochemical mechanisms of non-canonical NLR Ca2+ channels and then summarize our knowledge about immune-related Ca2+-permeable channels and their roles in PRR and NLR signaling. We also discuss the potential role of Ca2+ in the intricate interaction between PRR and NLR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jizong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences at Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 261000, China.
| | - Wen Song
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Jijie Chai
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany.
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