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Pan Z, Yang S, Lou H, Gong J, Zhou B, Wang H, Li H, Li J, Dai Y, Yi Y, Gao C, Huang X. Small reservoirs can enhance the terrestrial carbon sink of controlled basins in karst areas worldwide. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175517. [PMID: 39147046 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
The concentration of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) in the atmosphere has sharply increased since the Industrial Revolution, leading to climate warming and severe environmental problems. It has become a consensus that GHG emissions of large reservoirs essentially constitute inland aquatic GHG emissions. However, questions remain regarding whether small karst reservoir (SKR) is only a substantial source of GHG emissions like large reservoirs, and how much GHG emission it can offset by affecting the terrestrial carbon sink (TCS) of its controlled basin. We selected two basins in the karst area of southwestern China, with built and planned SKRs, and quantitatively analysed the impact of the SKR on basin-scale water and carbon cycles during 2000-2020 using multi-source remote sensing data and the Google Earth Engine. Results showed that the associated increase in the TCS in the SKR-controlled basin can completely offset the GHG emissions and TCS losses caused by submerged land, resulting in a 21.48 % faster increase rate of TCS and a 12.20 % greater increase in TCS caused by human activities than in non-karst reservoir basin. Meanwhile, by intercepting both surface and groundwater runoff, the SKR-controlled basin showed a 329.55 % faster increase rate of available surface water resources than the non-karst reservoir basin, alleviating the problem of engineering water shortages and enhancing the drought resistance capacity. Moreover, in the three major karst areas worldwide, and especially in southwestern China, faster vegetation restoration and TCS increase exist in most SKR-controlled basins, and this increase is enhanced with increasing proximity to the water surface. This study revealed that SKR is more than a substantial source of GHG emissions; it can also effectively enhance the TCS and available surface water resources in controlled basin, which is of great significance for achieving carbon neutrality goals while maintaining the sustainability of water and carbon cycle in karst areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Pan
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shengtian Yang
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Hezhen Lou
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Jiyi Gong
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; College of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Baichi Zhou
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Huaixing Wang
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Hao Li
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jiekang Li
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yunmeng Dai
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yin Yi
- College of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Chengcheng Gao
- Guiyang Water Resources and Hydropower Survey, Design and Research Institute, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Xueyong Huang
- Guiyang Water Resources and Hydropower Survey, Design and Research Institute, Guiyang 550081, China
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Mašek J, Dorado-Liñán I, Treml V. Responses of stem growth and canopy greenness of temperate conifers to dry spells. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2024; 68:1533-1544. [PMID: 38630139 PMCID: PMC11281975 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-024-02682-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Dry spells strongly influence biomass production in forest ecosystems. Their effects may last several years following a drought event, prolonging growth reduction and therefore restricting carbon sequestration. Yet, our understanding of the impact of dry spells on the vitality of trees' above-ground biomass components (e.g., stems and leaves) at a landscape level remains limited. We analyzed the responses of Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies to the four most severe drought years in topographically complex sites. To represent stem growth and canopy greenness, we used chronologies of tree-ring width and time series of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). We analyzed the responses of radial tree growth and NDVI to dry spells using superposed epoch analysis and further explored this relationship using mixed-effect models. Our results show a stronger and more persistent response of radial growth to dry spells and faster recovery of canopy greenness. Canopy greenness started to recover the year after the dry spell, whereas radial tree growth remained reduced for the two subsequent years and did not recover the pre-drought level until the fourth year after the event. Stem growth and canopy greenness were influenced by climatic conditions during and after drought events, while the effect of topography was marginal. The opposite responses of stem growth and canopy greenness following drought events suggest a different impact of dry spells on trees´ sink and source compartments. These results underscore the crucial importance of understanding the complexities of tree growth as a major sink of atmospheric carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Mašek
- Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 43, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Isabel Dorado-Liñán
- Dpto. de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Václav Treml
- Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 43, Prague, Czech Republic
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Zheng Y, Zhao W, Chen A, Chen Y, Chen J, Zhu Z. Vegetation canopy structure mediates the response of gross primary production to environmental drivers across multiple temporal scales. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 917:170439. [PMID: 38281630 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Gross primary production (GPP) is a critical component of the global carbon cycle and plays a significant role in the terrestrial carbon budget. The impact of environmental factors on GPP can occur through both direct (by influencing photosynthetic efficiency) and indirect (through the modulation of vegetation structure) pathways, but the extent to which these mechanisms contribute has been seldom quantified. In this study, we used structural equation modeling and observations from the FLUXNET network to investigate the direct and indirect effects of environmental factors on terrestrial ecosystem GPP at multiple temporal scales. We found that canopy structure, represented by leaf area index (LAI), is a crucial intermediate factor in the GPP response to environmental drivers. Environmental factors affect GPP indirectly by altering canopy structure, and the relative proportion of indirect effects decreased with increasing LAI. The study also identified different effects of environmental factors on GPP across time scales. At the half-hourly time scale, radiation was the primary driver of GPP. In contrast, the influences of temperature and vapor pressure deficit took on greater prominence at longer time scales. About half of the total effect of temperature on GPP was indirect through the regulation of canopy structure, and the indirect effect increased with increasing time scale (GPPNT-based models: 0.135 (half-hourly) vs. 0.171 (daily) vs. 0.189 (weekly) vs. 0.217 (monthly); GPPDT-based models: 0.139 vs. 0.170 vs. 0.187 vs. 0.215; all values were reported in gC m-2 d-1 °C-1, P < 0.001); while the indirect effect of radiation on GPP was comparatively lower, accounting for less than a quarter of the total effect. Furthermore, we observed a direct, negative-to-positive impact of precipitation on GPP across timescales. These findings provide crucial information on the interplay between environmental factors and LAI on GPP and enable a deeper understanding of the driving mechanisms of GPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Zheng
- School of Urban Planning and Design, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China; Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Human-Earth Relations, Ministry of Natural Resources of China, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Weiqing Zhao
- School of Urban Planning and Design, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China; Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Human-Earth Relations, Ministry of Natural Resources of China, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Anping Chen
- Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Yue Chen
- School of Urban Planning and Design, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China; Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Human-Earth Relations, Ministry of Natural Resources of China, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jiana Chen
- School of Urban Planning and Design, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China; Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Human-Earth Relations, Ministry of Natural Resources of China, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zaichun Zhu
- School of Urban Planning and Design, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China; Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Human-Earth Relations, Ministry of Natural Resources of China, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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Zhang X, Rademacher T, Liu H, Wang L, Manzanedo RD. Fading regulation of diurnal temperature ranges on drought-induced growth loss for drought-tolerant tree species. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6916. [PMID: 37903773 PMCID: PMC10616191 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42654-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Warming-induced droughts caused tree growth loss across the globe, leading to substantial carbon loss to the atmosphere. Drought-induced growth loss, however, can be regulated by changes in diurnal temperature ranges. Here, we investigated long term radial growth responses of 23 widespread distributed tree species from 2327 sites over the world and found that species' drought tolerances were significantly and positively correlated with diurnal temperature range-growth loss relationships for the period 1901-1940. Since 1940, this relationship has continued to fade, likely due to asymmetric day and night warming trends and the species' ability to deal with them. The alleviation of reduced diurnal temperature ranges on drought-induced growth loss was mainly found for drought resistant tree species. Overall, our results highlight the need to carefully consider diurnal temperature ranges and species-specific responses to daytime and nighttime warming to explore tree growth responses to current and future warmer and drier climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianliang Zhang
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Tim Rademacher
- Institut des Sciences de la Forêt Tempérée, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Ripon, QC, J0V 1V0, Canada
- Centre ACER, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 0B8, Canada
- Harvard Forest, Harvard University, Petersham, MA, 01366, USA
| | - Hongyan Liu
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
| | - Lu Wang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Rubén D Manzanedo
- Plant Ecology, Institute of Integrative Biology, D-USYS, ETH-Zürich, 8006, Zürich, Switzerland
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Zheng J, Sun N, Yan J, Liu C, Yin S. Decoupling between carbon source and sink induced by responses of daily stem growth to water availability in subtropical urban forests. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 877:162802. [PMID: 36924954 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Urban forests are anticipated to offer sustainable ecosystem services, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of the ways in which trees respond to environmental changes. This study monitored stem radius fluctuations in Cinnamomum camphora and Taxodium distichum var. imbricatum trees using high-resolution dendrometers at two sites, respectively. Gross primary production (GPP) was measured using eddy-covariance techniques and aggregated to daily sums. Hourly and daily stem radius fluctuations were estimated across both species, and the responses of stems to radiation (Rg), air temperature (Tair), vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and soil humidity (SoilH) were quantified using Bayesian linear models. The diel growth patterns of the monitored trees showed similar characteristics at the species level. Results revealed that trees growth occurred primarily at night, with the lowest hourly contribution to total growth and probability for growth occurring in the afternoon. Furthermore, the Bayesian models indicated that VPD was the most important driver of daily growth and growth probability. After considering the potential constraints imposed by VPD, a modified Gompertz equation showed good performance, with R2 ranging from 0.94 to 0.99 for the relationship between accumulative growth and time. Bayes-based model-independent data assimilation using advanced Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms provided deeper insights into nonlinear model parameterization. Finally, the quantified relationship between GPP and stem daily growth revealed that the decoupling between carbon source and sink increased with VPD. These findings provided direct empirical evidence for VPD as a key driver of daily growth patterns and raise questions about carbon neutrality accounting under future climate change given the uncertainties induced by increased water stress limitations on carbon utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Zheng
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ningxiao Sun
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jingli Yan
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chunjiang Liu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shan Yin
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200240, China; Key Laboratory for Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 200240, China.
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Variability in Tree-ring Width and NDVI Responses to Climate at a Landscape Level. Ecosystems 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-023-00822-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
AbstractInter-annual climatically driven growth variability of above-ground biomass compartments (for example, tree stems and foliage) controls the intensity of carbon sequestration into forest ecosystems. However, understanding the differences between the climatic response of stem and foliage at the landscape level is limited. In this study, we examined the climate-growth response of stem and leaf biomass and their relationship for Pinus sylvestris (PISY) and Picea abies (PCAB) in topographically complex landscapes. We used tree-ring width chronologies and time series of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) derived from high-resolution Landsat scenes as proxies for stem and leaf biomass, respectively. We then compared growth variability and climate-growth relationships of both biomass proxies between topographical categories. Our results show that the responses of tree rings to climate differ significantly from those found in NDVI, with the stronger climatic signal observed in tree rings. Topography had distinct but species-specific effects: At moisture-limited PISY stands, stem biomass (tree rings) was strongly topographically driven, and leaf biomass (NDVI) was relatively insensitive to topographic variability. In landscapes close to the climatic optimum of PCAB, the relationship between stem and leaf biomass was weak, and their correlations with climate were often inverse, with no significant effects of topography. Different climatic signals from NDVI and tree rings suggest that the response of canopy and stem growth to climate change might be decoupled. Furthermore, our results hint toward different prioritizations of biomass allocation in trees under stressful conditions which might change allometric relationships between individual tree compartments in the long term.
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