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Golan J, Wang YW, Adams CA, Cross H, Elmore H, Gardes M, Gonçalves SC, Hess J, Richard F, Wolfe B, Pringle A. Death caps (Amanita phalloides) frequently establish from sexual spores, but individuals can grow large and live for more than a decade in invaded forests. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:1753-1770. [PMID: 38146206 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Global change is reshaping Earth's biodiversity, but the changing distributions of nonpathogenic fungi remain largely undocumented, as do mechanisms enabling invasions. The ectomycorrhizal Amanita phalloides is native to Europe and invasive in North America. Using population genetics and genomics, we sought to describe the life history traits of this successfully invading symbiotic fungus. To test whether death caps spread underground using hyphae, or aboveground using sexual spores, we mapped and genotyped mushrooms from European and US sites. Larger genetic individuals (genets) would suggest spread mediated by vegetative growth, while many small genets would suggest dispersal mediated by spores. To test whether genets are ephemeral or persistent, we also sampled from populations over time. At nearly every site and across all time points, mushrooms resolve into small genets. Individuals frequently establish from sexual spores. But at one Californian site, a single individual measuring nearly 10 m across dominated. At two Californian sites, the same genetic individuals were discovered in 2004, 2014, and 2015, suggesting single individuals (both large and small) can reproduce repeatedly over relatively long timescales. A flexible life history strategy combining both mycelial growth and spore dispersal appears to underpin the invasion of this deadly perennial ectomycorrhizal fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Golan
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Yen-Wen Wang
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Catharine A Adams
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Hugh Cross
- National Ecological Observatory Network-Battelle, 1685 38th, Suite 100, Boulder, CO, 80301, USA
| | - Holly Elmore
- Rethink Priorities, 530 Divisadero St. PMB #796, San Francisco, CA, 94117, USA
| | - Monique Gardes
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), UMR5174 UPS-CNRS-IRD, Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, Toulouse Cedex, F-31062, France
| | - Susana C Gonçalves
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Functional Ecology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3000-456, Portugal
| | | | - Franck Richard
- CEFE, Université de Montpellier - CNRS - EPHE - IRD, 1919 route de Mende, F-34293, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Benjamin Wolfe
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Anne Pringle
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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N. M. Furtado A, Leonardi M, Comandini O, Neves MA, C. Rinaldi A. Restinga ectomycorrhizae: a work in progress. F1000Res 2023; 12:317. [PMID: 37265684 PMCID: PMC10230178 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.131558.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The Brazilian Atlantic Forest is one of the most biodiverse terrestrial ecoregions of the world. Among its constituents, restinga vegetation makes a particular case, acting as a buffer zone between the oceans and the forest. Covering some 80% of Brazilian coastline (over 7,300 km in length), restinga is a harsh environment where plants and fungi interact in complex ways that just now are beginning to be unveiled. Ectomycorrhizal symbiosis, in particular, plays a so far ungauged and likely underestimated role. We recently described the morpho-anatomical and molecular features of the ectomycorrhizae formed by several basidiomycetous mycobionts on the host plant Guapira opposita, but the mycorrhizal biology of restinga is still largely unexplored. Here, we report new data on the ectomycorrhizal fungal symbionts of G. opposita, based on the collection of sporomata and ectomycorrhizal root tips in restinga stands occurring in southern Brazil. Methods: To obtain a broader view of restinga mycorrhizal and ecological potential, we compiled a comprehensive and up-to-date checklist of fungal species reported or supposed to establish ectomycorrhizae on restinga-inhabiting host plants, mainly on the basis of field observations. Results: Our list comprises some 726 records, 74 of which correspond to putative ectomycorrhizal taxa specifically associated with restinga. These include several members of Boletaceae, Amanita, Tomentella/ Thelephora, Russula/ Lactifluus, and Clavulina, as well as hypogeous fungi, like the recently described Longistriata flava. Conclusions: Our survey reveals a significant diversity of the restinga ectomycorrhizal mycobiota, indicating the importance of this symbiosis for the ecological functioning of a unique yet poorly known and threatened ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadne N. M. Furtado
- Departamento de Botânica, Campus Universitário Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-960, Brazil
| | - Marco Leonardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, della Salute e dell'Ambiente, Universita degli Studi dell'Aquila, L'Aquila, Abruzzo, I-67100, Italy
| | - Ornella Comandini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Universita degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Sardinia, I-09042, Italy
| | - Maria Alice Neves
- Departamento de Botânica, Campus Universitário Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-960, Brazil
| | - Andrea C. Rinaldi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Universita degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Sardinia, I-09042, Italy
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