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Meng J, Li W, Qi F, Yang T, Li N, Wan J, Li X, Jiang Y, Wang C, Huang M, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Teotia S, Tang G, Zhang Z, Tang J. Knockdown of microRNA390 Enhances Maize Brace Root Growth. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6791. [PMID: 38928499 PMCID: PMC11203754 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Brace root architecture is a critical determinant of maize's stalk anchorage and nutrition uptake, influencing root lodging resistance, stress tolerance, and plant growth. To identify the key microRNAs (miRNAs) in control of maize brace root growth, we performed small RNA sequencing using brace root samples at emergence and growth stages. We focused on the genetic modulation of brace root development in maize through manipulation of miR390 and its downstream regulated auxin response factors (ARFs). In the present study, miR167, miR166, miR172, and miR390 were identified to be involved in maize brace root growth in inbred line B73. Utilizing short tandem target mimic (STTM) technology, we further developed maize lines with reduced miR390 expression and analyzed their root architecture compared to wild-type controls. Our findings show that STTM390 maize lines exhibit enhanced brace root length and increased whorl numbers. Gene expression analyses revealed that the suppression of miR390 leads to upregulation of its downstream regulated ARF genes, specifically ZmARF11 and ZmARF26, which may significantly alter root architecture. Additionally, loss-of-function mutants for ZmARF11 and ZmARF26 were characterized to further confirm the role of these genes in brace root growth. These results demonstrate that miR390, ZmARF11, and ZmARF26 play crucial roles in regulating maize brace root growth; the involved complicated molecular mechanisms need to be further explored. This study provides a genetic basis for breeding maize varieties with improved lodging resistance and adaptability to diverse agricultural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Meng
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (J.M.); (W.L.); (F.Q.); (N.L.); (J.W.); (X.L.); (Y.J.); (C.W.); (M.H.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.)
| | - Weiya Li
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (J.M.); (W.L.); (F.Q.); (N.L.); (J.W.); (X.L.); (Y.J.); (C.W.); (M.H.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.)
| | - Feiyan Qi
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (J.M.); (W.L.); (F.Q.); (N.L.); (J.W.); (X.L.); (Y.J.); (C.W.); (M.H.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.)
| | - Tianxiao Yang
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Na Li
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (J.M.); (W.L.); (F.Q.); (N.L.); (J.W.); (X.L.); (Y.J.); (C.W.); (M.H.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.)
| | - Jiong Wan
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (J.M.); (W.L.); (F.Q.); (N.L.); (J.W.); (X.L.); (Y.J.); (C.W.); (M.H.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.)
| | - Xiaoqi Li
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (J.M.); (W.L.); (F.Q.); (N.L.); (J.W.); (X.L.); (Y.J.); (C.W.); (M.H.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yajuan Jiang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (J.M.); (W.L.); (F.Q.); (N.L.); (J.W.); (X.L.); (Y.J.); (C.W.); (M.H.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.)
| | - Chenhui Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (J.M.); (W.L.); (F.Q.); (N.L.); (J.W.); (X.L.); (Y.J.); (C.W.); (M.H.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.)
| | - Meilian Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (J.M.); (W.L.); (F.Q.); (N.L.); (J.W.); (X.L.); (Y.J.); (C.W.); (M.H.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (J.M.); (W.L.); (F.Q.); (N.L.); (J.W.); (X.L.); (Y.J.); (C.W.); (M.H.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yongqiang Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (J.M.); (W.L.); (F.Q.); (N.L.); (J.W.); (X.L.); (Y.J.); (C.W.); (M.H.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.)
| | - Sachin Teotia
- Department of Biotechnology, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201306, India;
| | - Guiliang Tang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Life Science and Technology Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA;
| | - Zhanhui Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (J.M.); (W.L.); (F.Q.); (N.L.); (J.W.); (X.L.); (Y.J.); (C.W.); (M.H.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.)
| | - Jihua Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (J.M.); (W.L.); (F.Q.); (N.L.); (J.W.); (X.L.); (Y.J.); (C.W.); (M.H.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.)
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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Jafari F, Wang B, Wang H, Zou J. Breeding maize of ideal plant architecture for high-density planting tolerance through modulating shade avoidance response and beyond. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:849-864. [PMID: 38131117 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Maize is a major staple crop widely used as food, animal feed, and raw materials in industrial production. High-density planting is a major factor contributing to the continuous increase of maize yield. However, high planting density usually triggers a shade avoidance response and causes increased plant height and ear height, resulting in lodging and yield loss. Reduced plant height and ear height, more erect leaf angle, reduced tassel branch number, earlier flowering, and strong root system architecture are five key morphological traits required for maize adaption to high-density planting. In this review, we summarize recent advances in deciphering the genetic and molecular mechanisms of maize involved in response to high-density planting. We also discuss some strategies for breeding advanced maize cultivars with superior performance under high-density planting conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Jafari
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Baobao Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute, CAAS, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Junjie Zou
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute, CAAS, Sanya, 572025, China
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Liu L, Zhang Y, Tang C, Wu J, Fu J, Wang Q. Genome-wide identification of ZmMYC2 binding sites and target genes in maize. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:397. [PMID: 38654166 PMCID: PMC11036654 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10297-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Jasmonate (JA) is the important phytohormone to regulate plant growth and adaption to stress signals. MYC2, an bHLH transcription factor, is the master regulator of JA signaling. Although MYC2 in maize has been identified, its function remains to be clarified. RESULTS To understand the function and regulatory mechanism of MYC2 in maize, the joint analysis of DAP-seq and RNA-seq is conducted to identify the binding sites and target genes of ZmMYC2. A total of 3183 genes are detected both in DAP-seq and RNA-seq data, potentially as the directly regulating genes of ZmMYC2. These genes are involved in various biological processes including plant growth and stress response. Besides the classic cis-elements like the G-box and E-box that are bound by MYC2, some new motifs are also revealed to be recognized by ZmMYC2, such as nGCATGCAnn, AAAAAAAA, CACGTGCGTGCG. The binding sites of many ZmMYC2 regulating genes are identified by IGV-sRNA. CONCLUSIONS All together, abundant target genes of ZmMYC2 are characterized with their binding sites, providing the basis to construct the regulatory network of ZmMYC2 and better understanding for JA signaling in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, 625014, Yaan, China
| | - Yuhan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Chen Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Jine Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingye Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China.
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China.
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Li Y, Su Z, Lin Y, Xu Z, Bao H, Wang F, Liu J, Hu S, Wang Z, Yu X, Gao J. Utilizing transcriptomics and metabolomics to unravel key genes and metabolites of maize seedlings in response to drought stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:34. [PMID: 38185653 PMCID: PMC10773024 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04712-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drought stress can substantially restrict maize growth and productivity, and global warming and an increasing frequency of extreme weather events are likely to result in more yield losses in the future. Therefore, unraveling the molecular mechanism underlying the response to drought stress is essential for breeding drought-resilient crops. RESULTS In this study, we subjected the 3-leaf-period plants of two maize inbred lines, a drought-tolerant line (si287) and a drought-sensitive line (X178), to drought stress for seven days while growing in a chamber. Subsequently, we measured physiological traits and analyzed transcriptomic and metabolic profiles of two inbred lines. Our KEGG analysis of genes and metabolites revealed significant differences in pathways related to glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, and biosynthesis of amino acids. Additionally, our joint analysis identified proline, tryptophan and phenylalanine are crucial amino acids for maize response to drought stress. Furthermore, we concentrated on tryptophan (Trp), which was found to enhance tolerance via IAA-ABA signaling, as well as SA and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) consequent reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging. We identified three hub genes in tryptophan biosynthesis, indole-3-acetaldehyde oxidase (ZmAO1, 542,228), catalase 1 (ZmCAT1, 542,369), and flavin-containing monooxygenase 6 (ZmYUC6, 103,629,142), High expression of these genes plays a significant role in regulating drought tolerance. Two metabolites related to tryptophan biosynthesis, quinolinic acid, and kynurenine improved maize tolerance to drought stress by scavenging reactive oxygen species. CONCLUSIONS This study illuminates the mechanisms underlying the response of maize seedlings to drought stress. Especially, it identifies novel candidate genes and metabolites, enriching our understanding of the role of tryptophan in drought stress. The identification of distinct resistance mechanisms in maize inbred lines will facilitate the exploration of maize germplasm and the breeding of drought-resilient hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipu Li
- Region Research Center for Conservation and Utilization of Crop Germplasm Resources in Cold and Arid Areas, Agricultural College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.
| | - Zhijun Su
- Region Research Center for Conservation and Utilization of Crop Germplasm Resources in Cold and Arid Areas, Agricultural College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yanan Lin
- Region Research Center for Conservation and Utilization of Crop Germplasm Resources in Cold and Arid Areas, Agricultural College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhenghan Xu
- Region Research Center for Conservation and Utilization of Crop Germplasm Resources in Cold and Arid Areas, Agricultural College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Haizhu Bao
- Region Research Center for Conservation and Utilization of Crop Germplasm Resources in Cold and Arid Areas, Agricultural College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Fugui Wang
- Vocational and Technical College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Baotou, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Vocational and Technical College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Baotou, China
| | - Shuping Hu
- Vocational and Technical College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Baotou, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Region Research Center for Conservation and Utilization of Crop Germplasm Resources in Cold and Arid Areas, Agricultural College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xiaofang Yu
- Region Research Center for Conservation and Utilization of Crop Germplasm Resources in Cold and Arid Areas, Agricultural College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.
| | - Julin Gao
- Region Research Center for Conservation and Utilization of Crop Germplasm Resources in Cold and Arid Areas, Agricultural College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.
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Liu Z, Qin T, Atienza M, Zhao Y, Nguyen H, Sheng H, Olukayode T, Song H, Panjvani K, Magalhaes J, Lucas WJ, Kochian LV. Constitutive basis of root system architecture: uncovering a promising trait for breeding nutrient- and drought-resilient crops. ABIOTECH 2023; 4:315-331. [PMID: 38106432 PMCID: PMC10721591 DOI: 10.1007/s42994-023-00112-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Root system architecture (RSA) plays a pivotal role in efficient uptake of essential nutrients, such as phosphorous (P), nitrogen (N), and water. In soils with heterogeneous nutrient distribution, root plasticity can optimize acquisition and plant growth. Here, we present evidence that a constitutive RSA can confer benefits for sorghum grown under both sufficient and limiting growth conditions. Our studies, using P efficient SC103 and inefficient BTx635 sorghum cultivars, identified significant differences in root traits, with SC103 developing a larger root system with more and longer lateral roots, and enhanced shoot biomass, under both nutrient sufficient and deficient conditions. In addition to this constitutive attribute, under P deficiency, both cultivars exhibited an initial increase in lateral root development; however, SC103 still maintained the larger root biomass. Although N deficiency and drought stress inhibited both root and shoot growth, for both sorghum cultivars, SC103 again maintained the better performance. These findings reveal that SC103, a P efficient sorghum cultivar, also exhibited enhanced growth performance under N deficiency and drought. Our results provide evidence that this constitutive nature of RSA can provide an avenue for breeding nutrient- and drought-resilient crops. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42994-023-00112-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Liu
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 4L8 Canada
| | - Tongfei Qin
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 4L8 Canada
| | - Michaella Atienza
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 4L8 Canada
| | - Yang Zhao
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 4L8 Canada
| | - Hanh Nguyen
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 4L8 Canada
| | - Huajin Sheng
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 4L8 Canada
| | - Toluwase Olukayode
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 4L8 Canada
| | - Hao Song
- Department of Computer Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9 Canada
| | - Karim Panjvani
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 4L8 Canada
| | - Jurandir Magalhaes
- Embrapa Maize and Sorghum, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Sete Lagoas, MG 35701-970 Brazil
| | - William J. Lucas
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 4L8 Canada
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Leon V. Kochian
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 4L8 Canada
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Cowling CL, Dash L, Kelley DR. Roles of auxin pathways in maize biology. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6989-6999. [PMID: 37493143 PMCID: PMC10690729 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones play a central role in plant development and environmental responses. Auxin is a classical hormone that is required for organ formation, tissue patterning, and defense responses. Auxin pathways have been extensively studied across numerous land plant lineages, including bryophytes and eudicots. In contrast, our understanding of the roles of auxin in maize morphogenesis and immune responses is limited. Here, we review evidence for auxin-mediated processes in maize and describe promising areas for future research in the auxin field. Several recent transcriptomic and genetic studies have demonstrated that auxin is a key influencer of both vegetative and reproductive development in maize (namely roots, leaves, and kernels). Auxin signaling has been implicated in both maize shoot architecture and immune responses through genetic and molecular analyses of the conserved co-repressor RAMOSA ENHANCER LOCUS2. Polar auxin transport is linked to maize drought responses, root growth, shoot formation, and leaf morphogenesis. Notably, maize has been a key system for delineating auxin biosynthetic pathways and offers many opportunities for future investigations on auxin metabolism. In addition, crosstalk between auxin and other phytohormones has been uncovered through gene expression studies and is important for leaf and root development in maize. Collectively these studies point to auxin as a cornerstone for maize biology that could be leveraged for improved crop resilience and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig L Cowling
- Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Linkan Dash
- Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Dior R Kelley
- Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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Chen W, Shan W, Niu T, Ye T, Sun Q, Zhang J. Insight into regulation of adventitious root formation by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus and exogenous auxin in tea plant (Camellia sinensis L.) cuttings. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1258410. [PMID: 37790788 PMCID: PMC10544935 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1258410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Adventitious root (AR) development, affected by various biotic and abiotic factors, is the most important procedure in tea plant (Camellia sinensis L.) cutting propagation. Establishing symbiotic relationships with most terrestrial plants, AMF (Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus) can mediate the AR formation of several herbaceous and woody plants in previous studies. Methods In this paper, effects of combined application of AMF and exogenous auxin on AR formation of cuttings from different tea plant varieties ('Pingyangtezao', 'Longjing 43' and 'Longjingchangye') were studied. Then we also performed RNA-Seq analysis with 'Pingyangtezao' cuttings aiming to find the possible auxin-related pathway of AM fungal regulation on AR formation. To accurately uncover the regulatory mechanism of AMF on AR formation of tea cuttings, rooting process were separated into four stages (S0, non-rooting; S1, AR protrusion; S2, AR formation and S3, AR elongation) at the same sampling time. Results and Discussion Results showed that IBA treatment increased the mycorrhizal colonization rate, especially in 'Pingyangtezao' variety (from 37.58% to 46.29%). Both inoculating AMF and addition of IBA promoted the AR formation, and rooting of different tea plant varieties showed different dependence on auxin. AMF could alleviate the effect of auxin-related inhibitors (2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid, L-α-(Aminooxy)-β-phenylpropionic acid and α-(phenylethyl-2-oxo)-IAA) on rooting of tea cuttings, even though the colonization of AMF was hindered at various degrees. Transcriptomic analysis showed that different numbers of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at various rooting stages of tea cuttings with the most at S2 stage (1360 DEGs), indicating the increasing regulation by AMF with the development of AR. Similar trend was found in auxin-related DEGs, and family genes of YUC, GH, PIN, LAX, SAUR, AUX, and ABP involved in the AM fungal regulation on AR formation of tea cuttings. Additionally, AMF strongly mediated auxin transport and signal transduction pathways in tea cuttings as showed by the results of correlation analysis. Overall, interaction of AMF and exogenous auxin in promoting rooting and the preliminary mechanism of AMF regulating AR formation of tea cuttings was deciphered in this paper, which may provide a basis for further deep mechanistic research and cutting propagation of tea production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jiaxia Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huangshan, China
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8
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Meng S, Xiang H, Yang X, Ye Y, Han L, Xu T, Liu Y, Wang F, Tan C, Qi M, Li T. Effects of Low Temperature on Pedicel Abscission and Auxin Synthesis Key Genes of Tomato. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119186. [PMID: 37298137 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cold stress usually causes the abscission of floral organs and a decline in fruit setting rate, seriously reducing tomato yield. Auxin is one of the key hormones that affects the abscission of plant floral organs; the YUCCA (YUC) family is a key gene in the auxin biosynthesis pathway, but there are few research reports on the abscission of tomato flower organs. This experiment found that, under low temperature stress, the expression of auxin synthesis genes increased in stamens but decreased in pistils. Low temperature treatment decreased pollen vigor and pollen germination rate. Low night temperature reduced the tomato fruit setting rate and led to parthenocarpy, and the treatment effect was most obvious in the early stage of tomato pollen development. The abscission rate of tomato pTRV-Slfzy3 and pTRV-Slfzy5 silenced plants was higher than that of the control, which is the key auxin synthesis gene affecting the abscission rate. The expression of Solyc07g043580 was down-regulated after low night temperature treatment. Solyc07g043580 encodes the bHLH-type transcription factor SlPIF4. It has been reported that PIF4 regulates the expression of auxin synthesis and synthesis genes, and is a key protein in the interaction between low temperature stress and light in regulating plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sida Meng
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Modern Protected Horticulture Engineering & Technology Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Hengzuo Xiang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Modern Protected Horticulture Engineering & Technology Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xiaoru Yang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Modern Protected Horticulture Engineering & Technology Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yunzhu Ye
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Modern Protected Horticulture Engineering & Technology Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Leilei Han
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Modern Protected Horticulture Engineering & Technology Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Tao Xu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Modern Protected Horticulture Engineering & Technology Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Modern Protected Horticulture Engineering & Technology Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Feng Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Modern Protected Horticulture Engineering & Technology Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Changhua Tan
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Modern Protected Horticulture Engineering & Technology Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Mingfang Qi
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Modern Protected Horticulture Engineering & Technology Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Tianlai Li
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Modern Protected Horticulture Engineering & Technology Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China
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Li Q, Liu N, Wu C. Novel insights into maize (Zea mays) development and organogenesis for agricultural optimization. PLANTA 2023; 257:94. [PMID: 37031436 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04126-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In maize, intrinsic hormone activities and sap fluxes facilitate organogenesis patterning and plant holistic development; these hormone movements should be a primary focus of developmental biology and agricultural optimization strategies. Maize (Zea mays) is an important crop plant with distinctive life history characteristics and structural features. Genetic studies have extended our knowledge of maize developmental processes, genetics, and molecular ecophysiology. In this review, the classical life cycle and life history strategies of maize are analyzed to identify spatiotemporal organogenesis properties and develop a definitive understanding of maize development. The actions of genes and hormones involved in maize organogenesis and sex determination, along with potential molecular mechanisms, are investigated, with findings suggesting central roles of auxin and cytokinins in regulating maize holistic development. Furthermore, investigation of morphological and structural characteristics of maize, particularly node ubiquity and the alternate attachment pattern of lateral organs, yields a novel regulatory model suggesting that maize organ initiation and subsequent development are derived from the stimulation and interaction of auxin and cytokinin fluxes. Propositions that hormone activities and sap flow pathways control organogenesis are thoroughly explored, and initiation and development processes of distinctive maize organs are discussed. Analysis of physiological factors driving hormone and sap movement implicates cues of whole-plant activity for hormone and sap fluxes to stimulate maize inflorescence initiation and organ identity determination. The physiological origins and biogenetic mechanisms underlying maize floral sex determination occurring at the tassel and ear spikelet are thoroughly investigated. The comprehensive outline of maize development and morphogenetic physiology developed in this review will enable farmers to optimize field management and will provide a reference for de novo crop domestication and germplasm improvement using genome editing biotechnologies, promoting agricultural optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglin Li
- Crop Genesis and Novel Agronomy Center, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Ning Liu
- Shandong ZhongnongTiantai Seed Co., Ltd, Pingyi, 273300, Shandong, China
| | - Chenglai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
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