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Máthé C, Bóka K, Kónya Z, Erdődi F, Vasas G, Freytag C, Garda T. Microcystin-LR, a cyanotoxin, modulates division of higher plant chloroplasts through protein phosphatase inhibition and affects cyanobacterial division. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 358:142125. [PMID: 38670509 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is a harmful cyanotoxin that inhibits 1 and 2A serine-threonine protein phosphatases. This study examines the influence of MC-LR on chloroplast division and the underlying mechanisms and consequences in Arabidopsis. MC-LR increased the frequency of dividing chloroplasts in hypocotyls in a time range of 1-96 h. At short-term exposures to MC-LR, small-sized chloroplasts (longitudinal diameters ≤6 μm) were more sensitive to these stimulatory effects, while both small and large chloroplasts showed stimulations at long-term exposure. After 48 h, the cyanotoxin increased the frequency of small-sized chloroplasts, indicating the stimulation of division. MC-LR inhibited protein phosphatases in whole hypocotyls and isolated chloroplasts, while it did not induce oxidative stress. We show for the first time that total cellular phosphatases play important roles in chloroplast division and that particular chloroplast phosphatases may be involved in these processes. Interestingly, MC-LR has a protective effect on cyanobacterial division during methyl-viologen (MV) treatments in Synechococcus PCC6301. MC-LR production has harmful effects on ecosystems and it may have an ancient cell division regulatory role in stressed cyanobacterial cells, the evolutionary ancestors of chloroplasts. We propose that cytoplasmic (eukaryotic) factors also contribute to the relevant effects of MC-LR in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Máthé
- Plant Cell and Developmental Biology Research Group, Department of Botany, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Károly Bóka
- Department of Plant Anatomy, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Science, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. s. 1/c, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Kónya
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Erdődi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gábor Vasas
- Plant and Algal Natural Product Research Group, Department of Botany, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary; Balaton Limnological Research Institute- HUN-REN, Klebelsberg str. 3, H-8237, Tihany, Hungary
| | - Csongor Freytag
- Plant Cell and Developmental Biology Research Group, Department of Botany, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary; One Health Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamás Garda
- Plant Cell and Developmental Biology Research Group, Department of Botany, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary
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Gu Y, Yang Y, Kou C, Peng Y, Yang W, Zhang J, Jin H, Han X, Wang Y, Shen X. Classical and novel properties of Holliday junction resolvase SynRuvC from Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1362880. [PMID: 38699476 PMCID: PMC11063404 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1362880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria, which have a photoautotrophic lifestyle, are threatened by ultraviolet solar rays and the reactive oxygen species generated during photosynthesis. They can adapt to environmental conditions primarily because of their DNA damage response and repair mechanisms, notably an efficient homologous recombination repair system. However, research on double-strand break (DSB) repair pathways, including the Holliday junction (HJ) resolution process, in Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 is limited. Here, we report that SynRuvC from cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 has classical HJ resolution activity. We investigated the structural specificity, sequence preference, and biochemical properties of SynRuvC. SynRuvC strongly preferred Mn2+ as a cofactor, and its cleavage site predominantly resides within the 5'-TG↓(G/A)-3' sequence. Interestingly, novel flap endonuclease and replication fork intermediate cleavage activities of SynRuvC were also determined, which distinguish it from other reported RuvCs. To explore the effect of SynRuvC on cell viability, we constructed a knockdown mutant and an overexpression strain of Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 (synruvCKD and synruvCOE) and assessed their survival under a variety of conditions. Knockdown of synruvC increased the sensitivity of cells to MMS, HU, and H2O2. The findings suggest that a novel RuvC family HJ resolvase SynRuvC is important in a variety of DNA repair processes and stress resistance in Synechocystis sp. PCC6803.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchao Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yantao Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chunhua Kou
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ying Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenguang Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- Suzhou XinBio Co., Ltd., Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Han Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoru Han
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yao Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xihui Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Rasul F, You D, Jiang Y, Liu X, Daroch M. Thermophilic cyanobacteria-exciting, yet challenging biotechnological chassis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:270. [PMID: 38512481 PMCID: PMC10957709 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13082-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Thermophilic cyanobacteria are prokaryotic photoautotrophic microorganisms capable of growth between 45 and 73 °C. They are typically found in hot springs where they serve as essential primary producers. Several key features make these robust photosynthetic microbes biotechnologically relevant. These are highly stable proteins and their complexes, the ability to actively transport and concentrate inorganic carbon and other nutrients, to serve as gene donors, microbial cell factories, and sources of bioactive metabolites. A thorough investigation of the recent progress in thermophilic cyanobacteria reveals a significant increase in the number of newly isolated and delineated organisms and wide application of thermophilic light-harvesting components in biohybrid devices. Yet despite these achievements, there are still deficiencies at the high-end of the biotechnological learning curve, notably in genetic engineering and gene editing. Thermostable proteins could be more widely employed, and an extensive pool of newly available genetic data could be better utilised. In this manuscript, we attempt to showcase the most important recent advances in thermophilic cyanobacterial biotechnology and provide an overview of the future direction of the field and challenges that need to be overcome before thermophilic cyanobacterial biotechnology can bridge the gap with highly advanced biotechnology of their mesophilic counterparts. KEY POINTS: • Increased interest in all aspects of thermophilic cyanobacteria in recent years • Light harvesting components remain the most biotechnologically relevant • Lack of reliable molecular biology tools hinders further development of the chassis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiz Rasul
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Dawei You
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiangjian Liu
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Maurycy Daroch
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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Yang Q, Huang L, Yang N, Cui H, Zhao Y, Li Z, Tong Y. Transgenerational effects of extracts containing Microcystin-LR exposure on reproductive toxicity and offspring growth inhibition in a model organism zebrafish. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 268:106860. [PMID: 38354462 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria cell lysates release numerous toxic substances (e.g., cyanotoxins) into the water, posing a serious threat to human health and aquatic ecosystems. Microcystins (MCs) are among the most abundant cyanotoxins in the cell lysates, with microcystin-LR (MC-LR) being one of the most common and highly toxic congeners. In this study, zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed to different levels MC-LR that from extracts of Microcystis aeruginosa. Changes in the MC-LR accumulations, organ coefficients, and antioxidant enzyme activities in the zebrafish were analyzed. Transgenerational reproductive toxicity of MC-LR in the maternal and paternal generations was further investigated, as well as the influences of extracts containing MC-LR exposures of the F1 on the growth of zebrafish. The study found that high levels of MC-LR could be detected in the major organs of adult zebrafish, particularly in spleen. Notably, concentration of MC-LR in the spermary was significantly higher than that in the ovarium. MC-LR could induce oxidative damage by affecting the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase. Inherited from F0, MC-LR led to impaired development in the F1 generation. Difference in offspring survival rates could be observed in the groups with different MC-LR levels of maternal and paternal exposures. This study reveals transgenerational effects of MC-LR on the reproductive toxicity and offspring growth inhibition to the aquatic organisms, which should be emphasized in the future ecological risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300000, China; School of Ecology and Environment, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Lanlan Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Ning Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Hongyang Cui
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Yanbin Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zipeng Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Yindong Tong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300000, China; School of Ecology and Environment, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China.
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Kouprina N, Larionov V. Transformation-associated recombination (TAR) cloning and its applications for gene function; genome architecture and evolution; biotechnology and biomedicine. Oncotarget 2023; 14:1009-1033. [PMID: 38147065 PMCID: PMC10750837 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Transformation-associated recombination (TAR) cloning represents a unique tool to selectively and efficiently recover a given chromosomal segment up to several hundred kb in length from complex genomes (such as animals and plants) and simple genomes (such as bacteria and viruses). The technique exploits a high level of homologous recombination in the yeast Sacharomyces cerevisiae. In this review, we summarize multiple applications of the pioneering TAR cloning technique, developed previously for complex genomes, for functional, evolutionary, and structural studies, and extended the modified TAR versions to isolate biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) from microbes, which are the major source of pharmacological agents and industrial compounds, and to engineer synthetic viruses with novel properties to design a new generation of vaccines. TAR cloning was adapted as a reliable method for the assembly of synthetic microbe genomes for fundamental research. In this review, we also discuss how the TAR cloning in combination with HAC (human artificial chromosome)- and CRISPR-based technologies may contribute to the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalay Kouprina
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Vladimir Larionov
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Li Z, Zhu X, Wu Z, Sun T, Tong Y. Recent Advances in Cyanotoxin Synthesis and Applications: A Comprehensive Review. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2636. [PMID: 38004647 PMCID: PMC10673588 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, nearly 300 known cyanotoxins and more than 2000 cyanobacterial secondary metabolites have been reported from the environment. Traditional studies have focused on the toxic cyanotoxins produced by harmful cyanobacteria, which pose a risk to both human beings and wildlife, causing acute and chronic poisoning, resulting in diarrhea, nerve paralysis, and proliferation of cancer cells. Actually, the biotechnological potential of cyanotoxins is underestimated, as increasing studies have demonstrated their roles as valuable products, including allelopathic agents, insecticides and biomedicines. To promote a comprehensive understanding of cyanotoxins, a critical review is in demand. This review aims to discuss the classifications; biosynthetic pathways, especially heterogenous production; and potential applications of cyanotoxins. In detail, we first discuss the representative cyanotoxins and their toxic effects, followed by an exploration of three representative biosynthetic pathways (non-ribosomal peptide synthetases, polyketide synthetases, and their combinations). In particular, advances toward the heterologous biosynthesis of cyanotoxins in vitro and in vivo are summarized and compared. Finally, we indicate the potential applications and solutions to bottlenecks for cyanotoxins. We believe that this review will promote a comprehensive understanding, synthetic biology studies, and potential applications of cyanotoxins in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zipeng Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Z.L.); (Z.W.)
| | - Xiaofei Zhu
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China;
| | - Zhengyu Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Z.L.); (Z.W.)
| | - Tao Sun
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China;
- Center for Biosafety Research and Strategy, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yindong Tong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Z.L.); (Z.W.)
- College of Ecology and Environment, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China
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Chen W, Li T, Du S, Chen H, Wang Q. Microalgal polyunsaturated fatty acids: Hotspots and production techniques. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1146881. [PMID: 37064250 PMCID: PMC10102661 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1146881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Algae play a crucial role in the earth’s primary productivity by producing not only oxygen but also a variety of high-value nutrients. One such nutrient is polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which are accumulated in many algae and can be consumed by animals through the food chain and eventually by humans. Omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs are essential nutrients for human and animal health. However, compared with plants and aquatic sourced PUFA, the production of PUFA-rich oil from microalgae is still in the early stages of exploration. This study has collected recent reports on algae-based PUFA production and analyzed related research hotspots and directions, including algae cultivation, lipids extraction, lipids purification, and PUFA enrichment processes. The entire technological process for the extraction, purification and enrichment of PUFA oils from algae is systemically summarized in this review, providing important guidance and technical reference for scientific research and industrialization of algae-based PUFA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Tianpei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shuwen Du
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- *Correspondence: Qiang Wang,
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