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Kim W, Park Y, Jung J, Jeon CO, Toyofuku M, Lee J, Park W. Biological and Chemical Approaches for Controlling Harmful Microcystis Blooms. J Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s12275-024-00115-2. [PMID: 38587591 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-024-00115-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The proliferation of harmful cyanobacterial blooms dominated by Microcystis aeruginosa has become an increasingly serious problem in freshwater ecosystems due to climate change and eutrophication. Microcystis-blooms in freshwater generate compounds with unpleasant odors, reduce the levels of dissolved O2, and excrete microcystins into aquatic ecosystems, potentially harming various organisms, including humans. Various chemical and biological approaches have thus been developed to mitigate the impact of the blooms, though issues such as secondary pollution and high economic costs have not been adequately addressed. Red clays and H2O2 are conventional treatment methods that have been employed worldwide for the mitigation of the blooms, while novel approaches, such as the use of plant or microbial metabolites and antagonistic bacteria, have also recently been proposed. Many of these methods rely on the generation of reactive oxygen species, the inhibition of photosynthesis, and/or the disruption of cellular membranes as their mechanisms of action, which may also negatively impact other freshwater microbiota. Nevertheless, the underlying molecular mechanisms of anticyanobacterial chemicals and antagonistic bacteria remain unclear. This review thus discusses both conventional and innovative approaches for the management of M. aeruginosa in freshwater bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonjae Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Environmental Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yerim Park
- Laboratory of Molecular Environmental Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaejoon Jung
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Che Ok Jeon
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Masanori Toyofuku
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-0006, Japan
| | - Jiyoung Lee
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Woojun Park
- Laboratory of Molecular Environmental Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Yang Q, Huang L, Yang N, Cui H, Zhao Y, Li Z, Tong Y. Transgenerational effects of extracts containing Microcystin-LR exposure on reproductive toxicity and offspring growth inhibition in a model organism zebrafish. Aquat Toxicol 2024; 268:106860. [PMID: 38354462 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria cell lysates release numerous toxic substances (e.g., cyanotoxins) into the water, posing a serious threat to human health and aquatic ecosystems. Microcystins (MCs) are among the most abundant cyanotoxins in the cell lysates, with microcystin-LR (MC-LR) being one of the most common and highly toxic congeners. In this study, zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed to different levels MC-LR that from extracts of Microcystis aeruginosa. Changes in the MC-LR accumulations, organ coefficients, and antioxidant enzyme activities in the zebrafish were analyzed. Transgenerational reproductive toxicity of MC-LR in the maternal and paternal generations was further investigated, as well as the influences of extracts containing MC-LR exposures of the F1 on the growth of zebrafish. The study found that high levels of MC-LR could be detected in the major organs of adult zebrafish, particularly in spleen. Notably, concentration of MC-LR in the spermary was significantly higher than that in the ovarium. MC-LR could induce oxidative damage by affecting the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase. Inherited from F0, MC-LR led to impaired development in the F1 generation. Difference in offspring survival rates could be observed in the groups with different MC-LR levels of maternal and paternal exposures. This study reveals transgenerational effects of MC-LR on the reproductive toxicity and offspring growth inhibition to the aquatic organisms, which should be emphasized in the future ecological risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300000, China; School of Ecology and Environment, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Lanlan Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Ning Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Hongyang Cui
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Yanbin Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zipeng Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Yindong Tong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300000, China; School of Ecology and Environment, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China.
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Pinto A, Botelho MJ, Churro C, Asselman J, Pereira P, Pereira JL. A review on aquatic toxins - Do we really know it all regarding the environmental risk posed by phytoplankton neurotoxins? J Environ Manage 2023; 345:118769. [PMID: 37597370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic toxins are potent natural toxins produced by certain cyanobacteria and marine algae species during harmful cyanobacterial and algal blooms (CyanoHABs and HABs, respectively). These harmful bloom events and the toxins produced during these events are a human and environmental health concern worldwide, with occurrence, frequency and severity of CyanoHABs and HABs being predicted to keep increasing due to ongoing climate change scenarios. These contexts, as well as human health consequences of some toxins produced during bloom events have been thoroughly reviewed before. Conversely, the wider picture that includes the non-human biota in the assessment of noxious effects of toxins is much less covered in the literature and barely covered by review works. Despite direct human exposure to aquatic toxins and related deleterious effects being responsible for the majority of the public attention to the blooms' problematic, it constitutes a very limited fraction of the real environmental risk posed by these toxins. The disruption of ecological and trophic interactions caused by these toxins in the aquatic biota building on deleterious effects they may induce in different species is paramount as a modulator of the overall magnitude of the environmental risk potentially involved, thus necessarily constraining the quality and efficiency of the management strategies that should be placed. In this way, this review aims at updating and consolidating current knowledge regarding the adverse effects of aquatic toxins, attempting to going beyond their main toxicity pathways in human and related models' health, i.e., also focusing on ecologically relevant model organisms. For conciseness and considering the severity in terms of documented human health risks as a reference, we restricted the detailed revision work to neurotoxic cyanotoxins and marine toxins. This comprehensive revision of the systemic effects of aquatic neurotoxins provides a broad overview of the exposure and the hazard that these compounds pose to human and environmental health. Regulatory approaches they are given worldwide, as well as (eco)toxicity data available were hence thoroughly reviewed. Critical research gaps were identified particularly regarding (i) the toxic effects other than those typical of the recognized disease/disorder each toxin causes following acute exposure in humans and also in other biota; and (ii) alternative detection tools capable of being early-warning signals for aquatic toxins occurrence and therefore provide better human and environmental safety insurance. Future directions on aquatic toxins research are discussed in face of the existent knowledge, with particular emphasis on the much-needed development and implementation of effective alternative (eco)toxicological biomarkers for these toxins. The wide-spanning approach followed herein will hopefully stimulate future research more broadly addressing the environmental hazardous potential of aquatic toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albano Pinto
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Maria João Botelho
- IPMA, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Av. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165, Algés, Portugal; CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Catarina Churro
- IPMA, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Av. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165, Algés, Portugal; CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Jana Asselman
- Blue Growth Research Lab, Ghent University, Bluebridge Building, Ostend Science Park 1, 8400, Ostend, Belgium
| | - Patrícia Pereira
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Joana Luísa Pereira
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Portugal
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Lusty MW, Gobler CJ. Repeated hydrogen peroxide dosing briefly reduces cyanobacterial blooms and microcystin while increasing fecal bacteria indicators in a eutrophic pond. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 124:522-543. [PMID: 36182161 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the effects of H2O2 on Cyanobacteria and non-target microbes using fluorometry, microscopy, flow cytometry, and high throughput DNA sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene during a series of mesocosm and whole-ecosystem experiments in a eutrophic pond in NY, USA. The addition of H2O2 (8 mg/L) significantly reduced Cyanobacteria concentrations during a majority of experiments (66%; 6 of 9) and significantly increased eukaryotic green and unicellular brown algae in 78% and 45% of experiments, respectively. While heterotrophic bacteria declined significantly following H2O2 addition in all experiments, bacteria indicative of potential fecal contamination (Escherichia coli, Enterococcus, fecal coliform bacteria) consistently and significantly increased in response to H2O2, evidencing a form of 'pollution swapping'. H2O2 more effectively reduced Cyanobacteria in enclosed mesocosms compared to whole-ecosystem applications. Ten whole-pond H2O2 applications over a two-year period temporarily reduced cyanobacterial levels but never reduced concentrations below bloom thresholds and populations always rebounded in two weeks or less. The bacterial phyla of Cyanobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Planctomycetes were the most negatively impacted by H2O2. Microcystis was always reduced by H2O2, as was the toxin microcystin, but Microcystis remained dominant even after repeated H2O2 treatments. Although H2O2 favored the growth of eukaryotic algae over potentially harmful Cyanobacteria, the inability of H2O2 to end cyanobacterial blooms in this eutrophic waterbody suggests it is a non-ideal mitigation approach in high biomass ecosystems and should be used judiciously due to potential negative impacts on non-target organisms and promotion of bacteria indicative of fecal contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark W Lusty
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Southampton, NY 11968, USA
| | - Christopher J Gobler
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Southampton, NY 11968, USA.
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Sarkar A, Rajarathinam R, Kumar PS, Rangasamy G. Maximization of growth and lipid production of a toxic isolate of Anabaena circinalis by optimization of various parameters with mathematical modeling and computational validation. J Biotechnol 2022; 357:38-46. [PMID: 35952899 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Toxic cyanobacterial blooms are recurrent for few decades throughout the globe, due to climate change, atmospheric warming and various anthropogenic activities with severe impacts of potential toxins on various ecosystems finally affecting the entire environment. These cyanobacteria are merely unexplored regarding their biochemical components except toxins. Variable influences and interactions of different factors including nitrogen, carbon, and availability of light are well known to crucially regulate cyanobacterial growth and metabolism. Thus, current research work is motivated for the evaluation and optimization of the effects of the aforementioned vital factors for improvement of biomass and lipid production of a freshwater, toxic strain of Anabaena circinalis. The modelling and optimization of factors such as nitrogen, light intensity and bicarbonate concentration (source of carbon) to maximize growth and lipid production were based on 20 design point experiments by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and optimized values were further improved and validated by Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. The maximum optima were obtained 1.829 g L-1 and 39.64 % for biomass production and lipid content respectively from PSO optimization with two different sets of optimal values of factors. It shows 0.44 % and 2.77 % higher values of responses than that of RSM optimization. These asynchronous findings pioneered the enhanced lipid accumulation as well as the growth of a toxic cyanobacterium by optimizing interaction effects of culture conditions through various statistical and computational approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aratrika Sarkar
- Department of Biotechnology, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ravikumar Rajarathinam
- Center for Bioenergy and Bioproduct Development (CBBD), Department of Biotechnology, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Avadi, Chennai 600062, India.
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, Chennai 603 110, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, Chennai 603 110, India.
| | - Gayathri Rangasamy
- University Centre for Research and Development & Department of Civil Engineering, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab - 140413, India
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Fernandez-Figueroa EG, Wilson AE. Local adaptation mediates direct and indirect effects of multiple stressors on consumer fitness. Oecologia 2022; 198:483-492. [PMID: 35119504 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05118-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Anthropogenic impacts are expected to increase the co-occurrence of stressors that can fundamentally alter ecosystem structure and function. To cope with stress, many organisms locally adapt, but how such adaptations affect the ability of an organism to manage co-occurring stressors is not well understood. In aquatic ecosystems, elevated temperatures and harmful algal blooms are common co-stressors. To better understand the role and potential trade-offs of local adaptations for mitigating the effects of stressors, Daphnia pulicaria genotypes that varied in their ability to consume toxic cyanobacteria prey (i.e., three tolerant and three sensitive) were exposed to five diets that included combinations of toxic cyanobacteria, Microcystis aeruginosa, and a green alga, Ankistrodesmus falcatus, under two temperatures (20 °C vs. 28 °C). A path analysis was conducted to understand how local adaptations affect energy allocation to intermediate life history traits (i.e., somatic growth, fecundity, survival) that maximize Daphnia fitness (i.e., population growth rate). Results from the 10-day study show that tolerant Daphnia genotypes had higher fitness than sensitive genotypes regardless of diet or temperature treatment, suggesting toxic cyanobacteria tolerance did not cause a decrease in fitness in the absence of cyanobacteria or under elevated temperatures. Results from the path analysis demonstrated that toxic cyanobacteria had a stronger effect on life history traits than temperature and that population growth rate was mainly constrained by reduced fecundity. These findings suggest that local adaptations to toxic cyanobacteria and elevated temperatures are synergistic, leading to higher survivorship of cyanobacteria-tolerant genotypes during summer cyanobacterial bloom events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edna G Fernandez-Figueroa
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, 203 Swingle Hall, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
| | - Alan E Wilson
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, 203 Swingle Hall, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
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Zhang XL, Li GX, Ge YM, Iqbal NM, Yang X, Cui ZD, Yang Q. Sphingopyxis microcysteis sp. nov., a novel bioactive exopolysaccharides-bearing Sphingomonadaceae isolated from the Microcystis phycosphere. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2021; 114:845-57. [PMID: 33770293 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-021-01563-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
During the study into the microbial biodiversity and bioactivity of the Microcystis phycosphere, a new yellow-pigmented, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium containing polyhydroxybutyrate granules designated as strain Z10-6T was isolated from highly-toxic Microcystis aeruginosa Kützing M.TN-2. The new isolate produces active bioflocculating exopolysaccharides. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated strain Z10-6T belongs to the genus Sphingopyxis with highest similarity to Sphingopyxis solisilvae R366T (98.86%), and the similarity to other Sphingopyxis members was less than 98.65%. However, both low values obtained by phylogenomic calculation of average nucleotide identity (ANI, 85.5%) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH, 29.8%) separated the new species from its closest relative. The main polar lipids were sphingoglycolipid, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified glycolipid and one unidentified aminophospholipid. The predominant fatty acids were summed feature 8, C17:1ω6c, summed feature 3, C16:0, C18:1ω7c 11-methyl and C14:0 2-OH. The respiratory quinone was ubiqunone-10, with spermidine as the major polyamine. The genomic DNA G + C content was 64.8 mol%. Several biosynthesis pathways encoding for potential new bacterial bioactive metabolites were found in the genome of strain Z10-6T. The polyphasic analyses clearly distinguished strain Z10-6T from its closest phylogenetic neighbors. Thus, it represents a novel species of the genus Sphingopyxis, for which the name Sphingopyxis microcysteis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Z10-6T (= CCTCC AB2017276T = KCTC 62492T).
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Lu J, Struewing I, Wymer L, Tettenhorst DR, Shoemaker J, Allen J. Use of qPCR and RT-qPCR for monitoring variations of microcystin producers and as an early warning system to predict toxin production in an Ohio inland lake. Water Res 2020; 170:115262. [PMID: 31785564 PMCID: PMC7075668 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Public concern over cyanobacterial blooms has increased due to their higher frequency of occurrence and their potential ecological and health impacts. Detection of microcystin (MC) producers (MCPs) using qPCR and RT-qPCR allows for the rapid identification of blooms by combining specificity and sensitivity with a relatively high throughput capability. Investigation of MCP population composition (correlation, dominance), toxin gene expression, and relationship to MC concentration was conducted using a panel of qPCR assays targeting mcyA, E and G on weekly and daily water samples collected from an Ohio inland reservoir lake. Further, these data were used to develop early warning thresholds for prediction of MC concentrations exceeding the US EPA Health Advisory cutoff value (>0.3 μg L-1) using receiver operating characteristic curves and tobit regression. MCP Microcystis genomic copy number made up approximately 35% of the total Microcystis spp. and was the dominant toxic subpopulation of MCPs. The expressed MCPs were 0.2% of the extant genomic copy numbers, while toxic Microcystis had higher expressed proportion (0.5%) than that of toxic Planktothrix (0.04%). Microcystis toxin genes increased in June and July but decreased in August and September along with similar trends of cell replication. Quantities of both RT-qPCR and qPCR followed the same trend and were highly correlated with MC-ADDA, while RT-qPCR not only reflected the active toxin genes or toxic species, but also indicated the beginning and ending of toxin production. A one-week early warning of MC exceedance over the EPA Health Advisory was based on signaling of qPCR and RT-qPCR using receiver operating characteristic curves. This study illustrates the potential use of qPCR or RT-qPCR as an early warning system of extant and MC producing potentials during a toxic algal bloom, with predictive powers of 50%-60% and 30%-40% (p < 0.001), respectively, and false positive rates of about 70% for both LC-MS/MS or ELISA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingrang Lu
- Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, 45268, USA.
| | - Ian Struewing
- Pegasus Technical Services Inc, Cincinnati, OH, 45268, USA
| | - Larry Wymer
- Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, 45268, USA
| | - Daniel R Tettenhorst
- Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, 45268, USA
| | - Jody Shoemaker
- Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, 45268, USA
| | - Joel Allen
- Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, 45268, USA
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Agasild H, Panksep K, Tõnno I, Blank K, Kõiv T, Freiberg R, Laugaste R, Jones RI, Nõges P, Nõges T. Role of potentially toxic cyanobacteria in crustacean zooplankton diet in a eutrophic lake. Harmful Algae 2019; 89:101688. [PMID: 31672224 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2019.101688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The coexistence of potentially toxic bloom-forming cyanobacteria (CY) and generally smaller-sized grazer communities has raised the question of zooplankton (ZP) ability to control harmful cyanobacterial blooms and highlighted the need for species-specific research on ZP-CY trophic interactions in naturally occurring communities. A combination of HPLC, molecular and stable isotope analyses was used to assess in situ the importance of CY as a food source for dominant crustacean ZP species and to quantify the grazing on potentially toxic strains of Microcystis during bloom formation in large eutrophic Lake Peipsi (Estonia). Aphanizomenon, Dolichospermum, Gloeotrichia and Microcystis dominated bloom-forming CY, while Microcystis was the major genus producing cyanotoxins all over the lake. Grazing studies showed that CY, and especially colonial CY, formed a significant, and also preferred component of algae ingested by the cladocerans Bosmina spp. and Daphnia spp. while this was not the case for the more selective calanoid copepod Eudiaptomus gracilis. Molecular analyses confirmed the presence of CY, including Microcystis, in ZP guts. Further analyses using qPCR targeting cyanobacterial genus-specific mcyE synthase genes indicated that potentially toxic strains of Microcystis can be ingested directly or indirectly by all the dominant crustacean grazers. However, stable isotope analyses indicated that little, if any, assimilation from ingested bloom-forming CY occurred. The study suggests that CY, and particularly Microcystis with both potentially toxic and non-toxic strains, can be widely ingested by cladoceran grazers during a bloom event with implications for control of CY abundance and for transfer of CY toxins through the food web.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Agasild
- Chair of Hydrobiology and Fishery, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Rannu, Tartu County, 61117, Estonia.
| | - Kristel Panksep
- Chair of Hydrobiology and Fishery, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Rannu, Tartu County, 61117, Estonia.
| | - Ilmar Tõnno
- Chair of Hydrobiology and Fishery, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Rannu, Tartu County, 61117, Estonia.
| | - Kätlin Blank
- Chair of Hydrobiology and Fishery, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Rannu, Tartu County, 61117, Estonia.
| | - Toomas Kõiv
- Chair of Hydrobiology and Fishery, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Rannu, Tartu County, 61117, Estonia.
| | - René Freiberg
- Chair of Hydrobiology and Fishery, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Rannu, Tartu County, 61117, Estonia.
| | - Reet Laugaste
- Chair of Hydrobiology and Fishery, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Rannu, Tartu County, 61117, Estonia.
| | - Roger I Jones
- Department of Biological & Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, PL35, FI-40014, Finland.
| | - Peeter Nõges
- Chair of Hydrobiology and Fishery, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Rannu, Tartu County, 61117, Estonia.
| | - Tiina Nõges
- Chair of Hydrobiology and Fishery, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Rannu, Tartu County, 61117, Estonia.
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Gu H, Hu M, Wei S, Kong H, Huang X, Bao Y, Wang Y. Combined effects of toxic Microcystis aeruginosa and hypoxia on the digestive enzyme activities of the triangle sail mussel Hyriopsis cumingii. Aquat Toxicol 2019; 212:241-246. [PMID: 31150951 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, eutrophication is a very popular environmental problem in numerous waters around the world. The main reason of eutrophication is the enrichment of the nutrient, which results in the excessive growth of phytoplankton and some of them are toxic and harmful. Fortunately, some studies have shown that some bivalves can filter the overgrown phytoplankton in water, which may alleviate water eutrophication. However, the physiological effects of toxic cyanobacteria on filter feeding animal have not been clarified very well. In this experiment, digestive enzyme activities in Hyriopsis cumingii exposed to different concentrations of the toxic Microcystis aeruginosa (0, 5 * 105 and 5 *106 cell ml-1) at two dissolved oxygen (DO) levels (6 and 2 mg l-1) for 14 days were investigated. Toxic M. aeruginosa significantly affected all digestive enzyme activities throughout the experiment. At high toxic M. aeruginosa concentration, the activities of cellulase, amylase and lipase in digestive gland and stomach were significantly increased (P<0.05). However, hypoxia reduced the activities of cellulase, amylase and lipase in digestive gland and stomach. Conflicting effects were observed between toxic M. aeruginosa and DO in most digestive enzyme activities during the exposure period. Therefore, it is not conducive for the digestion and absorption of M. aeruginosa in H. cumingii under hypoxic conditions. H. cumingii is tolerant to toxic M. aeruginosa and may remove toxic cyanobacteria from waters under normal DO conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaxin Gu
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Menghong Hu
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Shuaishuai Wei
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Hui Kong
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xizhi Huang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yongbo Bao
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Aquatic Germplasm Resources, College of Biological & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, China.
| | - Youji Wang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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11
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Chislock MF, Sarnelle O, Jernigan LM, Anderson VR, Abebe A, Wilson AE. Consumer adaptation mediates top-down regulation across a productivity gradient. Oecologia 2019; 190:195-205. [PMID: 30989361 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04401-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Humans have artificially enhanced the productivity of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems on a global scale by increasing nutrient loading. While the consequences of eutrophication are well known (e.g., harmful algal blooms and toxic cyanobacteria), most studies tend to examine short-term responses relative to the time scales of heritable adaptive change. Thus, the potential role of adaptation by organisms in stabilizing the response of ecological systems to such perturbations is largely unknown. We tested the hypothesis that adaptation by a generalist consumer (Daphnia pulicaria) to toxic prey (cyanobacteria) mediates the response of plankton communities to nutrient enrichment. Overall, the strength of Daphnia's top-down effect on primary producer biomass increased with productivity. However, these effects were contingent on prey traits (e.g., rare vs. common toxic cyanobacteria) and consumer genotype (i.e., tolerant vs sensitive to toxic cyanobacteria). Tolerant Daphnia strongly suppressed toxic cyanobacteria in nutrient-rich ponds, but sensitive Daphnia did not. In contrast, both tolerant and sensitive Daphnia genotypes had comparable effects on producer biomass when toxic cyanobacteria were absent. Our results demonstrate that organismal adaptation is critical for understanding and predicting ecosystem-level consequences of anthropogenic environmental perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Chislock
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, 203 Swingle Hall, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.,Department of Environmental Science and Ecology, The College at Brockport, State University of New York, Brockport, NY, 14420, USA
| | - Orlando Sarnelle
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Lauren M Jernigan
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, 203 Swingle Hall, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Vernon R Anderson
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, 203 Swingle Hall, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Ash Abebe
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Alan E Wilson
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, 203 Swingle Hall, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
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12
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Xu H, Pei H, Jin Y, Ma C, Wang Y, Sun J, Li H. High-throughput sequencing reveals microbial communities in drinking water treatment sludge from six geographically distributed plants, including potentially toxic cyanobacteria and pathogens. Sci Total Environ 2018; 634:769-779. [PMID: 29653422 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The microbial community structures of drinking water treatment sludge (DWTS) generated for raw water (RW) from different locations and with different source types - including river water, lake water and reservoir water -were investigated using high-throughput sequencing. Because the unit operations in the six DWTPs were similar, community composition in fresh sludge may be determined by microbial community in the corresponding RW. Although Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Verrucomicrobia, and Planctomycetes were the dominant phyla among the six DWTS samples, no single phylum exhibited similar abundance across all the samples, owing to differences in total phosphorus, chemical oxygen demand, Al, Fe, and chloride in RW. Three genera of potentially toxic cyanobacteria (Planktothrix, Microcystis and Cylindrospermopsis), and four potential pathogens (Escherichia coli, Bacteroides ovatus, Prevotella copri and Rickettsia) were found in sludge samples. Because proliferation of potentially toxic cyanobacteria and Rickettsia in RW was mainly affected by nutrients, while growth of Escherichia coli, Bacteroides ovatus and Prevotella copri in RW may be influenced by Fe, control of nutrients and Fe in RW is essential to decrease toxic cyanobacteria and pathogens in DWTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangzhou Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Haiyan Pei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China; Provincial Engineering Center on Environmental Science and Technology, Jinan 250061, China.
| | - Yan Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Chunxia Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Jiongming Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Hongmin Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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13
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Grabowska M, Mazur-Marzec H. The influence of hydrological conditions on phytoplankton community structure and cyanopeptide concentration in dammed lowland river. Environ Monit Assess 2016; 188:488. [PMID: 27468846 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5506-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Study results show continuous summer-autumn dominance of toxic cyanobacteria in plankton not only in the strongly eutrophicated lowland Siemianówka reservoir, but also along 130 km of Narew river below the lake. The negative effects of eutrophication of the reservoir reach far outside its boundaries. One of the symptoms of eutrophication was a mass development of cyanobacteria, including the toxin-producing Planktothrix agardhii. In the reservoir, the biomass of the species strongly correlated with the concentration of microcystins. Redundancy analysis (RDA) identified seven environmental variables as significantly influencing phytoplankton composition in the Narew river: discharge, conductivity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, orthophosphates, silicate ions, and total phosphorous. Higher discharge in the river and higher rates of flushing induced faster dilution of limnoplankton in downstream river and had positive effects on the decrease of cyanobacterial biomass and microcystin concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Grabowska
- Department of Hydrobiology, University of Białystok, Ciołkowskiego1J, 15-245, Białystok, Poland.
| | - Hanna Mazur-Marzec
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk, Al. Marszałka Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378, Gdynia, Poland
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14
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Brentano DM, Giehl ELH, Petrucio MM. Abiotic variables affect STX concentration in a meso-oligotrophic subtropical coastal lake dominated by Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Cyanophyceae). Harmful Algae 2016; 56:22-28. [PMID: 28073493 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2016.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii is capable of producing toxins including saxitoxin (STX). Few studies have verified the influence of environmental variables on the production of STX and most have only been studied in the laboratory. The goal of this work was to identify the abiotic variables related to STX concentration in situ. The relationship among STX concentration and the physical variables, nutrients and chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentration was examined in a meso-oligotrophic subtropical coastal lake dominated by C. raciborskii. A generalized linear model was developed, incorporating all variables measured monthly over a 45-month monitoring period. Conductivity and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentration provided the greatest explanatory power for STX concentration in situ. Previous studies suggested that C. raciborskii cells exposed to stress associated with higher ionic concentrations appear to activate the biosynthesis of STX suggesting that STX can elicit changes cell permeability and may contribute to the homeostasis of this organism. An increase of DIN concentration results in a higher concentration of STX which may be related to a reduced metabolic demand, since the uptake of inorganic nitrogen requires less energy than N2-fixation. Thus, increased DIN can favor the growth of C. raciborskii population or improve cellular homeostasis, both potentially increasing STX concentration in the aquatic system, which was observed through a delayed response pattern. The developed model, while providing only a moderate predictive power, can assist in the understanding of the environmental variables associated with increases in STX concentration, and in monitoring and minimizing the risks of toxic blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Monteiro Brentano
- Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Santa Catarina, Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Av. Mauro Ramos, 950, Florianópolis, SC CEP 88020-300, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo L Hettwer Giehl
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Campus Reitor David Ferreira Lima, Florianópolis, SC CEP 88040-900, Brazil.
| | - Maurício Mello Petrucio
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Laboratório de Ecologia de Águas Continentais, Campus Reitor David Ferreira Lima, Florianópolis, SC CEP 88040-900, Brazil.
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15
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Hu M, Wu F, Yuan M, Liu Q, Wang Y. Combined effects of toxic cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa and hypoxia on the physiological responses of triangle sail mussel Hyriopsis cumingii. J Hazard Mater 2016; 306:24-33. [PMID: 26686521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The single and combined effects of toxic cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa and hypoxia on the energy budget of triangle sail mussel Hyriopsis cumingii were determined in terms of scope for growth (SfG). Mussels were exposed to different combinations of toxic M. aeruginosa (0%, 50%, and 100% of total dietary dry weight) and dissolved oxygen concentrations (1, 3, and 6.0mg O2l(-1)) with a 3×3 factorial design for 14 days, followed by a recovery period with normal conditions for 7 days. Microcystin contents in mussel tissues increased with the increase in the exposed M. aeruginosa concentration at each sampling time. Adverse physiological responses of H. cumingii under toxic M. aeruginosa and hypoxic exposure were found in terms of clearance rate, absorption efficiency, respiration rate, excretion rate, and SfG. Results emphasized the importance of combined effects of hypoxia and toxic cyanobacteria on H. cumingii bioenergetic parameters, highlighted the interactive effects of toxic algae and hypoxia, and implied that the two stressors affected H. cumingii during the exposure period and showed carryover effects later. Thus, if H. cumingii is used as a bioremediation tool to eliminate M. aeruginosa, the waters should be oxygenated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghong Hu
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai University Knowledge Service Platform, Shanghai Ocean University Aquatic Animal Breeding Center (ZF1206), Shanghai 201306, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fangli Wu
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Mingzhe Yuan
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Qigen Liu
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai University Knowledge Service Platform, Shanghai Ocean University Aquatic Animal Breeding Center (ZF1206), Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Youji Wang
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai University Knowledge Service Platform, Shanghai Ocean University Aquatic Animal Breeding Center (ZF1206), Shanghai 201306, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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16
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Manganelli M, Stefanelli M, Vichi S, Andreani P, Nascetti G, Scialanca F, Scardala S, Testai E, Funari E. Cyanobacteria biennal dynamic in a volcanic mesotrophic lake in central Italy: Strategies to prevent dangerous human exposures to cyanotoxins. Toxicon 2016; 115:28-40. [PMID: 26948426 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Vico Lake, a volcanic meso-eutrophic lake in Central Italy, whose water is used for drinking and recreational activities, experienced the presence of the microcystins (MC) producing cyanobacterium Planktothrix rubescens. In order to assess the human health risks and to provide the local health authorities with a scientific basis for planning tailored monitoring activities, we studied P. rubescens ecology and toxicity for two years. P. rubescens generally dominated the phytoplankton community, alternating with Limnothrix redekei, potentially toxic. P. rubescens was distributed throughout the water column during winter; in summer it produced intense blooms where drinking water is collected (-20 m); here MC were detected all year round (0.5-5 μg/L), with implications for drinking water quality. In surface waters, MC posed no risk for recreational activities in summer, while in winter surface blooms and foams (containing up to 56 μg MC/L) can represent a risk for people and children practicing water sports and for animals consuming raw water. Total phosphorus, phosphate and inorganic nitrogen were not relevant to predict densities nor toxicity; however, a strong correlation between P. rubescens density and aminopeptidase ectoenzymatic activity, an enzyme involved in protein degradation, suggested a role of organic nitrogen for this species. The fraction of potentially toxic population, determined both as mcyB(+)/16SrDNA (10-100%) and as the MC/mcyB(+) cells (0.03-0.79 pg MC/cell), was much more variable than usually observed for P. rubescens. Differently from other Italian and European lakes, the correlation between cell density or the mcyB(+) cells and MC explained only ∼50 and 30% of MC variability, respectively: for Vico Lake, monitoring only cell or the mcyB(+) cell density is not sufficient to predict MC concentrations, and consequently to protect population health. Finally, during a winter bloom one site has been sampled weekly, showing that monthly sampling during such a phase could greatly underestimate the 'hazard'. Our results highlight the need to adopt a stepwise monitoring activity, considering the lake and the cyanobacteria specific features. This activity should be complemented with communication to the public and involvement of stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura Manganelli
- Department of the Environment and Primary Prevention - Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, Italy.
| | - Mara Stefanelli
- Research, Certification and Control Division - INAIL, via Fontana candida 1, Monteporzio Catone, Rome, Italy.
| | - Susanna Vichi
- Department of the Environment and Primary Prevention - Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, Italy.
| | - Paolo Andreani
- Tutela acque - Concessioni e Risorse idriche, Provincia di Viterbo, Via del Collegio, Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Nascetti
- Department of Ecology and Biology - University La Tuscia, via S. Giovanni decollato 1, Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Fabrizio Scialanca
- Department of Ecology and Biology - University La Tuscia, via S. Giovanni decollato 1, Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Simona Scardala
- Department of the Environment and Primary Prevention - Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Testai
- Department of the Environment and Primary Prevention - Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, Italy.
| | - Enzo Funari
- Department of the Environment and Primary Prevention - Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, Italy.
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17
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Qin B, Li W, Zhu G, Zhang Y, Wu T, Gao G. Cyanobacterial bloom management through integrated monitoring and forecasting in large shallow eutrophic Lake Taihu (China). J Hazard Mater 2015; 287:356-63. [PMID: 25679801 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The large shallow eutrophic Lake Taihu in China has long suffered from eutrophication and toxic cyanobacterial blooms. Despite considerable efforts to divert effluents from the watershed, the cyanobacterial blooms still reoccur and persist throughout summer. To mitigate cyanobacterial bloom pollution risk, a large scale integrated monitoring and forecasting system was developed, and a series of emergency response measures were instigated based on early warning. This system has been in place for 2009-2012. With this integrated monitoring system, it was found that the detectable maximum and average cyanobacterial bloom area were similar to that before drinking water crisis, indicating that poor eutrophic status and cyanobacterial bloom had persisted without significant alleviation. It also revealed that cyanobacterial bloom would occur after the intense storm, which may be associated with the increase in buoyance of cyanobacterial colonies. Although the cyanobacterial blooms had persisted during the monitoring period, there had been a reduction in frequency and intensity of the cyanobacterial bloom induced black water agglomerates (a phenomenon of algal bloom death decay to release a large amount black dissolved organic matter), and there have been no further drinking water crises. This monitoring and response strategy can reduce the cyanobacterial bloom pollution risk, but cannot reduce eutrophication and cyanobacterial blooms, problems which will take decades to resolve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boqiang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academic of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academic of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Guangwei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academic of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yunlin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academic of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Tingfeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academic of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Guang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academic of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
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18
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Chislock MF, Sharp KL, Wilson AE. Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii dominates under very low and high nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratios. Water Res 2014; 49:207-214. [PMID: 24333522 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In freshwater ecosystems, a variety of factors mediate phytoplankton community structure, including herbivore community structure, light availability, temperature, mixing, and absolute and relative nutrient concentrations (total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP)). Ecological stoichiometry examines how the nutrient content of organisms and their environment may mediate population-, community-, and ecosystem-level processes. The manipulation of N:P ratios is a widely regarded tool for managing phytoplankton species composition given that nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria should dominate algal communities under relatively low N:P (<64:1, by atoms) given their ability to convert dissolved dinitrogen gas into organic nitrogen. However, due to the physiological expense of nitrogen fixation, diazotrophs should be outcompeted by non-nitrogen fixing phytoplankton under higher N:P when other environmental factors are similar. We tested this hypothesis in a field experiment using 2500-L limnocorrals installed in a eutrophic lake (ambient N:P ∼40:1 (by atoms); TN ∼1360 μgL(-1); TP ∼75 μgL(-1)). At the start of the experiment, we randomly assigned limnocorrals among the ambient (40:1) and low (7:1) or high (122:1) N:P treatments (n = 4 replicates/treatment), which were established by adding P or N at the start of the experiment, respectively. The phytoplankton community in the enclosures at the start of the experiment was diverse (i.e., 18 phytoplankton genera) and dominated by chlorophytes (including Coelastrum and Scenedesmus (30% and 13% of total biomass, respectively)) and cyanobacteria (including Anabaena and Cylindrospermopsis (23% and 17% of total biomass, respectively)). In contrast to predictions based on ecological stoichiometry, the phytoplankton community in all N:P treatments increased in abundance and was almost entirely composed of the nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium, Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, by the conclusion of the study. Moreover, concentrations of the cyanobacterial neurotoxin, saxitoxin, were enhanced under the two highest N:P conditions. The ability of C. raciborskii to dominate phytoplankton communities under such extreme N:P shows that short-term management of nutrient stoichiometry through fertilization is not likely to be effective for controlling blooms of this noxious cyanobacterium and may help to explain the rapid expansion of this invasive species to temperate latitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Chislock
- Department of Fisheries and Allied Aquacultures, Auburn University, 203 Swingle Hall, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Katherine L Sharp
- Center for Coastal Studies, Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi, 3600 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA
| | - Alan E Wilson
- Department of Fisheries and Allied Aquacultures, Auburn University, 203 Swingle Hall, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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