1
|
Leung WKC, Yau SY, Yang Y, Kwok AWL, Wong EML, Cheung JKM, Shum EWC, Lam SC, Suen LKP. Effects of exercise interventions on brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in overweight and obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Exerc Sci Fit 2024; 22:278-287. [PMID: 38618555 PMCID: PMC11015502 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background /Objective. An explosion in global obesity epidemic poses threats to the healthcare system by provoking risks of many debilitating diseases, including cognitive dysfunction. Physical activity has been shown to alleviate the deleterious effects of obesity-associated cognitive deficits across the lifespan. Given the strong neuroprotective role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and exercise training as a known modulator for its elevation, this systematic review sought to examine the strength of the association between exercise and BDNF levels in healthy people with overweight and obesity. Methods Six electronic databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Ovid Nursing Database, and SPORTDiscus) were searched from their inceptions through December 2022. The primary outcome of interest was BDNF levels. Interventional studies (randomized and quasi-experimental) with English full text available were included. Risk of bias of the included studies was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database Scale. Data were extracted for meta-analyses by random-effects models. Results Thirteen studies (n = 750), of which 69.2% (9/13) had low risk of bias, were included. In the meta-analysis, exercise interventions had no significant effect on resting BDNF levels (standardized mean difference: -0.30, 95% CI -0.80 to 0.21, P = 0.25). Subgroup analyses also indicated no effects of age and types of control groups being compared on moderating the association. Conclusion To further inform the role of BDNF in obesity-related cognitive functioning, rigorous studies with larger samples of participants and raw data available were imperatively deserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wilson KC. Leung
- School of Nursing, Tung Wah College, 16/F, Ma Kam Chan Memorial Building, 31 Wylie Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, Faculty of Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Suk-yu Yau
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yijian Yang
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, Faculty of Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Anthony WL. Kwok
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Tung Wah College, 10/F, Ma Kam Chan Memorial Building, 31 Wylie Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Eliza ML. Wong
- School of Nursing, Tung Wah College, 16/F, Ma Kam Chan Memorial Building, 31 Wylie Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jasmine KM. Cheung
- School of Nursing, Tung Wah College, 16/F, Ma Kam Chan Memorial Building, 31 Wylie Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Edward WC. Shum
- School of Nursing, Tung Wah College, 16/F, Ma Kam Chan Memorial Building, 31 Wylie Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Simon C. Lam
- School of Nursing, Tung Wah College, 16/F, Ma Kam Chan Memorial Building, 31 Wylie Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lorna KP. Suen
- School of Nursing, Tung Wah College, 16/F, Ma Kam Chan Memorial Building, 31 Wylie Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cai M, Wan J, Cai K, Li S, Du X, Song H, Sun W, Hu J. The mitochondrial quality control system: a new target for exercise therapeutic intervention in the treatment of brain insulin resistance-induced neurodegeneration in obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:749-763. [PMID: 38379083 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-024-01490-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a major global health concern because of its strong association with metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases such as diabetes, dementia, and Alzheimer's disease. Unfortunately, brain insulin resistance in obesity is likely to lead to neuroplasticity deficits. Since the evidence shows that insulin resistance in brain regions abundant in insulin receptors significantly alters mitochondrial efficiency and function, strategies targeting the mitochondrial quality control system may be of therapeutic and practical value in obesity-induced cognitive decline. Exercise is considered as a powerful stimulant of mitochondria that improves insulin sensitivity and enhances neuroplasticity. It has great potential as a non-pharmacological intervention against the onset and progression of obesity associated neurodegeneration. Here, we integrate the current knowledge of the mechanisms of neurodegenration in obesity and focus on brain insulin resistance to explain the relationship between the impairment of neuronal plasticity and mitochondrial dysfunction. This knowledge was synthesised to explore the exercise paradigm as a feasible intervention for obese neurodegenration in terms of improving brain insulin signals and regulating the mitochondrial quality control system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Cai
- Jinshan District Central Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201599, China
| | - Jian Wan
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, 201299, China
| | - Keren Cai
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Shuyao Li
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Xinlin Du
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Haihan Song
- Central Lab, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi Medical Testing, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, 201299, China
| | - Wanju Sun
- Central Lab, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi Medical Testing, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, 201299, China.
| | - Jingyun Hu
- Central Lab, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi Medical Testing, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, 201299, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ruegsegger GN, Ekholm ER, Monroe CE, Rappaport CI, Huppert RD, Anton CR, Ferguson MJ. Glucose tolerance status associates with improvements in cognitive function following high-intensity exercise in adults with obesity. Physiol Behav 2023; 272:114389. [PMID: 37890604 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Obesity, insulin resistance (IR), and proinflammatory cytokines associate with cognitive decline. Numerous studies document cognitive benefits of acute exercise bouts in lean individuals. However, how co-morbidities such as obesity and IR influence cognitive changes induced by acute exercise is unclear. We examined the effects of acute high-intensity aerobic exercise on cognitive function in age-matched and BMI-matched obese adults with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and in lean, NGT adults. METHODS 49 adults (15 Lean, 18 Obese-NGT, 16 Obese-IGT) performed one session of high-intensity interval exercise (four cycles of 4-min at 75% Wmax with 3-min rest). Cognitive function testing and blood sampling were performed pre- and post-exercise. RESULTS Following exercise, measurements of executive function and working memory were improved in Lean and Obese-NGT (p < 0.05), but not Obese-IGT. Changes in cognitive function following exercise negatively correlated with 2-hr glucose during an OGTT after controlling for body weight and body composition (rp = -0.40, p = 0.007). Serum levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and CRP remained increased 60-minutes post-exercise in Obese-IGT, but not in Lean or Obese-NGT, which positively associated with 2-hr glucose during an OGTT (p < 0.01) and negatively with changes in cognitive function following exercise (p < 0.01). Greater insulin levels in Obese-IGT post-exercise also negatively correlated with changes in cognitive function following exercise (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Improvements in cognition following acute high-intensity exercise positively associate with glucose tolerance, independent of body weight and body composition. Further, poorer changes in cognitive performance following exercise associate with persistent peripheral inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory N Ruegsegger
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Wisconsin-River Falls, A173 Falcon Center, 410 S. 3rd St., River Falls, WI, 54022, United States.
| | - Emily R Ekholm
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Wisconsin-River Falls, A173 Falcon Center, 410 S. 3rd St., River Falls, WI, 54022, United States
| | - Chandler E Monroe
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Wisconsin-River Falls, A173 Falcon Center, 410 S. 3rd St., River Falls, WI, 54022, United States
| | - Chapin I Rappaport
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Wisconsin-River Falls, A173 Falcon Center, 410 S. 3rd St., River Falls, WI, 54022, United States
| | - Rocco D Huppert
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Wisconsin-River Falls, A173 Falcon Center, 410 S. 3rd St., River Falls, WI, 54022, United States
| | - Caleb R Anton
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Wisconsin-River Falls, A173 Falcon Center, 410 S. 3rd St., River Falls, WI, 54022, United States
| | - Mia J Ferguson
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Wisconsin-River Falls, A173 Falcon Center, 410 S. 3rd St., River Falls, WI, 54022, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Leung WKC, Yau SY, Suen LKP, Lam SC. Effect of exercise interventions on brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in people with overweight and obesity: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e076118. [PMID: 37865417 PMCID: PMC10603475 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-076118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epidemic obesity ('globobesity') has led to a considerable rise in the prevalence and incidence of many disabling conditions, including cognitive dysfunction. Recent evidence has suggested that habitual exercise can alleviate the deleterious effects of obesity on cognitive functioning across the lifespan. Given that there is a potential link among obesity, exercise, cognitive health and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), this systematic review aims to critically appraise interventional trials on exercise and BDNF and to estimate the pooled effect of exercise training on BDNF levels among healthy individuals with overweight and obesity. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Six electronic databases-PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Ovid Nursing Database and SPORTDiscus-will be searched from their inception through December 2022. Only interventional studies, including randomised controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies, with full text available and reported in English will be included. The primary outcomes will be changes in BDNF levels among healthy subjects with overweight and obesity following either acute or chronic bouts of exercise interventions. Two reviewers will independently conduct data extraction and risk of bias assessment for included trials using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database Scale. We will produce a narrative synthesis, with findings categorised by sex, age groups and types of exercise training. Data will be extracted and pooled for meta-analyses using random-effects models. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION No formal ethical approval is required for this systematic review. The findings of this review will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42023414868.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Suk Yu Yau
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Roever L, Cavalcante BRR, Improta-Caria AC. Long-term consequences of COVID-19 on mental health and the impact of a physically active lifestyle: a narrative review. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2023; 22:19. [PMID: 37170283 PMCID: PMC10174610 DOI: 10.1186/s12991-023-00448-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Respiratory viruses damage not only the upper respiratory tract in humans, but also several different organs such as the brain. Some of the neurological consequences of COVID-19 reported are anosmia, headache, stroke, declined cognitive function, and impaired mental health, among others. People who had COVID-19 have a higher risk of sequelae in the central nervous system (CNS). However, it is not known which are all possible sequelae and how long will last the long-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on behavioral patterns and quality of life. AIM We intend to address the long-term impacts of COVID-19 on mental health and the relevance of physical exercise during the pandemic. METHODS We conducted a literature search using PubMed to find the articles that were related to these themes. RESULTS We found 23,489 papers initially, and then we applied the inclusion/exclusion criteria to narrow down our search to 3617 articles and selected 1380 eligible articles after a thorough reading of titles and abstracts. The findings indicated that COVID-19 impacted general mental health and led many not only hospitalized patients to develop cognitive decline, memory impairment, anxiety, sleep alterations, and depressive-like behavior. Furthermore, the fear of vaccines and their effects had negatively affected mental health and directly impacted mortality rates in unvaccinated COVID-19 patients. CONCLUSIONS Preventive measures must be undertaken, such as the vaccination of the entire population, vaccination hesitancy discouragement by creating awareness among individuals, and people's engagement in a physically active lifestyle, since being physically active is a low-cost and effective measure to restore or inhibit the negative outcomes from COVID-19 on mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Roever
- Department of Clinical Research, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil.
| | - Bruno Raphael Ribeiro Cavalcante
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Brazil
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Alex Cleber Improta-Caria
- Post-Graduate Program in Medicine and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Improta-Caria AC, Soci ÚPR, Rodrigues LF, Fernandes T, Oliveira EM. MicroRNAs Regulating Pathophysiological Processes in Obesity: The Impact of Exercise Training. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2023.100648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
|
7
|
Merighi S, Nigro M, Travagli A, Gessi S. Microglia and Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12990. [PMID: 36361780 PMCID: PMC9657945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a huge need for novel therapeutic and preventative approaches to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and neuroinflammation seems to be one of the most fascinating solutions. The primary cell type that performs immunosurveillance and helps clear out unwanted chemicals from the brain is the microglia. Microglia work to reestablish efficiency and stop further degeneration in the early stages of AD but mainly fail in the illness's later phases. This may be caused by a number of reasons, e.g., a protracted exposure to cytokines that induce inflammation and an inappropriate accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide. Extracellular amyloid and/or intraneuronal phosphorylated tau in AD can both activate microglia. The activation of TLRs and scavenger receptors, inducing the activation of numerous inflammatory pathways, including the NF-kB, JAK-STAT, and NLRP3 inflammasome, facilitates microglial phagocytosis and activation in response to these mediators. Aβ/tau are taken up by microglia, and their removal from the extracellular space can also have protective effects, but if the illness worsens, an environment that is constantly inflamed and overexposed to an oxidative environment might encourage continuous microglial activation, which can lead to neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, iron overload, and neurotoxicity. The complexity and diversity of the roles that microglia play in health and disease necessitate the urgent development of new biomarkers that identify the activity of different microglia. It is imperative to comprehend the intricate mechanisms that result in microglial impairment to develop new immunomodulating therapies that primarily attempt to recover the physiological role of microglia, allowing them to carry out their core function of brain protection.
Collapse
|
8
|
Orumiyehei A, Khoramipour K, Rezaei MH, Madadizadeh E, Meymandi MS, Mohammadi F, Chamanara M, Bashiri H, Suzuki K. High-Intensity Interval Training-Induced Hippocampal Molecular Changes Associated with Improvement in Anxiety-like Behavior but Not Cognitive Function in Rats with Type 2 Diabetes. Brain Sci 2022; 12:1280. [PMID: 36291214 PMCID: PMC9599079 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12101280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Exercise exerts many neuroprotective effects in diabetes-induced brain disorders. In this study, we investigated the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on brain molecular changes and cognitive and anxiety-like behaviors in rats with type 2 diabetes. (2) Methods: Twenty-eight adult male rats were divided into four groups (n = 7): control (C), exercise + control (C+EX), diabetes (DM), and diabetes + exercise (DM+EX). Diabetes was induced using a two-month high-fat diet and a single dose of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg) in the DM and DM+EX groups. After, the C+EX and DM+EX groups performed HIIT for eight weeks (five sessions per week, running at 80-100% of VMax, 4-10 intervals) on a motorized treadmill. Then, the elevated plus maze (EPM) and open field test (OFT) were performed to evaluate anxiety-like behaviors. The Morris water maze (MWM) and shuttle box were used to assess cognitive function. The hippocampal levels of beta-amyloid and tau protein were also assessed using Western blot. (3) Results: The hippocampal levels of beta-amyloid and tau protein were increased in the DM group, but HIIT restored these changes. While diabetes led to a significant decrease in open arm time percentage (%OAT) and open arm enters percentage (%OAE) in the EPM, indicating anxiety-like behavior, HIIT restored them. In the OFT, grooming was decreased in diabetic rats, which was restored by HIIT. No significant difference between groups was seen in the latency time in the shuttle box or for learning and memory in the MWM. (4) Conclusions: HIIT-induced hippocampal molecular changes were associated with anxiety-like behavior improvement but not cognitive function in rats with type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amin Orumiyehei
- Toxicology Research Center, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1411718541, Iran
| | - Kayvan Khoramipour
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616914115, Iran
| | - Maryam Hossein Rezaei
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman 7616913439, Iran
| | - Elham Madadizadeh
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman 7616913439, Iran
| | - Manzumeh Shamsi Meymandi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616914115, Iran
| | | | - Mohsen Chamanara
- Toxicology Research Center, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1411718541, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1411718541, Iran
| | - Hamideh Bashiri
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616914115, Iran
| | - Katsuhiko Suzuki
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Institute of Sports Nutrition, Waseda University, Saitama 359-1192, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yin X, Chen Y, Ruze R, Xu R, Song J, Wang C, Xu Q. The evolving view of thermogenic fat and its implications in cancer and metabolic diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:324. [PMID: 36114195 PMCID: PMC9481605 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01178-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe incidence of metabolism-related diseases like obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus has reached pandemic levels worldwide and increased gradually. Most of them are listed on the table of high-risk factors for malignancy, and metabolic disorders systematically or locally contribute to cancer progression and poor prognosis of patients. Importantly, adipose tissue is fundamental to the occurrence and development of these metabolic disorders. White adipose tissue stores excessive energy, while thermogenic fat including brown and beige adipose tissue dissipates energy to generate heat. In addition to thermogenesis, beige and brown adipocytes also function as dynamic secretory cells and a metabolic sink of nutrients, like glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids. Accordingly, strategies that activate and expand thermogenic adipose tissue offer therapeutic promise to combat overweight, diabetes, and other metabolic disorders through increasing energy expenditure and enhancing glucose tolerance. With a better understanding of its origins and biological functions and the advances in imaging techniques detecting thermogenesis, the roles of thermogenic adipose tissue in tumors have been revealed gradually. On the one hand, enhanced browning of subcutaneous fatty tissue results in weight loss and cancer-associated cachexia. On the other hand, locally activated thermogenic adipocytes in the tumor microenvironment accelerate cancer progression by offering fuel sources and is likely to develop resistance to chemotherapy. Here, we enumerate current knowledge about the significant advances made in the origin and physiological functions of thermogenic fat. In addition, we discuss the multiple roles of thermogenic adipocytes in different tumors. Ultimately, we summarize imaging technologies for identifying thermogenic adipose tissue and pharmacologic agents via modulating thermogenesis in preclinical experiments and clinical trials.
Collapse
|
10
|
Sousa RALD, de Magalhães COD, Dias IR, de Oliveira LRS, Improta-Caria AC, Cassilhas RC. Cross talk mechanisms of aerobic exercise training on obesity, type 2 diabetes, and Alzheimer's disease: the role of insulin resistance. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2022; 68:963-967. [PMID: 35946775 PMCID: PMC9574969 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20211210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Augusto Leoni De Sousa
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas – Alto da Jacuba (MG), Brazil.,Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Grupo de Estudos em Neurociências e Exercício – Diamantina (MG), Brazil.,Corresponding author:
| | - Caíque Olegário Diniz de Magalhães
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas – Alto da Jacuba (MG), Brazil.,Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Grupo de Estudos em Neurociências e Exercício – Diamantina (MG), Brazil
| | - Isabella Rocha Dias
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas – Alto da Jacuba (MG), Brazil.,Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Grupo de Estudos em Neurociências e Exercício – Diamantina (MG), Brazil
| | - Lucas Renan Sena de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas – Alto da Jacuba (MG), Brazil.,Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Grupo de Estudos em Neurociências e Exercício – Diamantina (MG), Brazil
| | - Alex Cleber Improta-Caria
- Universidade federal da Bahia, Faculty of Medicine, Post-Graduate Program in Medicine and Health – Salvador (BA), Brazil
| | - Ricardo Cardoso Cassilhas
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas – Alto da Jacuba (MG), Brazil.,Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Grupo de Estudos em Neurociências e Exercício – Diamantina (MG), Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
De Sousa RAL. Reactive gliosis in Alzheimer's disease: a crucial role for cognitive impairment and memory loss. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:851-857. [PMID: 35286534 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-00953-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that leads to cognitive decline and memory loss. Insulin resistance in central nervous system (CNS) is a common feature in dementia. Defective insulin signaling is associated to higher levels of inflammation and to neuronal dysfunction. A reactive gliosis, a change that occurs in glial cells due to damage in CNS, seems to be one of the most important pro-inflammatory mechanisms in AD pathology. The first response to CNS injury is the migration of macrophages and microglia to the specific site of the injury. Oligodendrocytes are also recruited to to contribute with remyelination. The last component of a reactive gliosis is astrogliosis, which is the enhancement of astrocytes expression with concomitant changes in its morphology being the main cells of the glial scar. Here, we review the mechanisms by which a reactive gliosis can induce or contribute to the development and progression of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Augusto Leoni De Sousa
- School of Biological Sciences and Health, Physical Education Department, Universidade Federal Dos Vales Do Jequitinhonha E Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
- Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences (PMPGCF), Brazilian Society of Physiology, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Neuroscience and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neurociências e Exercício - GENE), Universidade Federal Dos Vales Do Jequitinhonha E Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
De Sousa RAL, Improta-Caria AC. Regulation of microRNAs in Alzheimer´s disease, type 2 diabetes, and aerobic exercise training. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:559-580. [PMID: 35075500 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-00903-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia. The evolution and aggregation of amyloid beta (β) oligomers is linked to insulin resistance in AD, which is also the major characteristic of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Being physically inactive can contribute to the development of AD and/or T2D. Aerobic exercise training (AET), a type of physical exercise, can be useful in preventing or treating the negative outcomes of AD and T2D. AD, T2D and AET can regulate the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs). Here, we review some of the changes in miRNAs expression regulated by AET, AD and T2D. MiRNAs play an important role in the gene regulation of key signaling pathways in both pathologies, AD and T2D. MiRNA dysregulation is evident in AD and has been associated with several neuropathological alterations, such as the development of a reactive gliosis. Expression of miRNAs are associated with many pathophysiological mechanisms involved in T2D like insulin synthesis, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, hyperglycemia, intracellular signaling, and lipid profile. AET regulates miRNAs levels. We identified 5 miRNAs (miR-21, miR-29a/b, miR-103, miR-107, and miR-195) that regulate gene expression and are modulated by AET on AD and T2D. The identified miRNAs are potential targets to treat the symptoms of AD and T2D. Thus, AET is a non-pharmacological tool that can be used to prevent and fight the negative outcomes in AD and T2D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Augusto Leoni De Sousa
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Fisiológicas- Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis), Universidade Federal Dos Vales Do Jequitinhonha E Mucuri (UFVJM), Campus JK, Rodovia MGT 367, Km 583, Alto da Jacuba, nº 5000, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, CEP 39100-000, Brazil.
| | - Alex Cleber Improta-Caria
- Post-Graduate Program in Medicine and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
de Lima NS, De Sousa RAL, Amorim FT, Gripp F, Diniz E Magalhães CO, Henrique Pinto S, Peixoto MFD, Monteiro-Junior RS, Bourbeau K, Cassilhas RC. Moderate-intensity continuous training and high-intensity interval training improve cognition, and BDNF levels of middle-aged overweight men. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:463-471. [PMID: 34762211 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00859-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing worldwide, which has been associated with poor cognitive outcomes. Participating in regular physical exercise may also improve cognition, and levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), but the optimal exercise prescription remains to be elucidated. The purpose of the present study is to compare the effects of moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) and high intensity interval training (HIIT) on cognition, and serum BDNF levels in middle-aged and overweight men. Twenty-five sedentary, overweight men participated in the 8-week training intervention. Subjects were randomized into MICT (n = 12) or HIIT (n = 13) and performed exercise sessions 3x/week for 8-weeks. Cognitive function, and serum BDNF levels were assessed pre- and post-intervention. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Graph Pad Prism 7.0, and the level of significance was set at 5%. Significant improvements were observed in cognitive test scores, and BDNF levels in MICT and HIIT groups (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in cognitive function between MICT and HIIT. The present study implicates that 8 weeks of MICT or HIIT may be a very useful non-pharmacological treatment option to improve cognitive function, and BDNF levels in middle-aged overweight men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neumir Sales de Lima
- Physical Education Department, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Rodovia MGT 367 - Km 583, n° 5000, Diamantina, MG, CEP 39100-000, Brazil
- Neuroscience and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neurociências e Exercício - GENE), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
- Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences (PPGMCF), UFVJM, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Augusto Leoni De Sousa
- Physical Education Department, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Rodovia MGT 367 - Km 583, n° 5000, Diamantina, MG, CEP 39100-000, Brazil
- Neuroscience and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neurociências e Exercício - GENE), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
- Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences (PPGMCF), UFVJM, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando Gripp
- Physical Education Department, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Rodovia MGT 367 - Km 583, n° 5000, Diamantina, MG, CEP 39100-000, Brazil
- Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences (PPGMCF), UFVJM, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Caíque Olegário Diniz E Magalhães
- Physical Education Department, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Rodovia MGT 367 - Km 583, n° 5000, Diamantina, MG, CEP 39100-000, Brazil
- Neuroscience and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neurociências e Exercício - GENE), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
- Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences (PPGMCF), UFVJM, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Samuel Henrique Pinto
- Physical Education Department, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Rodovia MGT 367 - Km 583, n° 5000, Diamantina, MG, CEP 39100-000, Brazil
- Neuroscience and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neurociências e Exercício - GENE), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
- Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences (PPGMCF), UFVJM, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Marco Fabrício Dias Peixoto
- Physical Education Department, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Rodovia MGT 367 - Km 583, n° 5000, Diamantina, MG, CEP 39100-000, Brazil
- Neuroscience and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neurociências e Exercício - GENE), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
- Post Graduation Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Renato Sobral Monteiro-Junior
- Physical Education and Sport Department, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil
- Graduate Program of Health Sciences, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil
| | - Kelsey Bourbeau
- Department of Health, Exercise & Sports Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA
| | - Ricardo Cardoso Cassilhas
- Physical Education Department, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Rodovia MGT 367 - Km 583, n° 5000, Diamantina, MG, CEP 39100-000, Brazil.
- Neuroscience and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neurociências e Exercício - GENE), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.
- Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences (PPGMCF), UFVJM, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.
- Post Graduation Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|