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Niu X, Lin L, Zhang T, An X, Li Y, Yu Y, Hong M, Shi H, Ding L. Comparison of the intestinal flora of wild and artificial breeding green turtles ( Chelonia mydas). Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1412015. [PMID: 38873159 PMCID: PMC11170157 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1412015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Gut microbes are pivotal reference indicators for assessing the health status of animals. Before introducing artificially bred species into the wild, examining their gut microbe composition is crucial to help mitigate potential threats posed to wild populations. However, gut microbiological trait similarities between wild and artificially bred green turtles remain unexplored. Therefore, this study compared the gut microbiological characteristics of wild and artificially bred green turtles (Chelonia mydas) through high-throughput Illumina sequencing technology. The α-diversity of intestinal bacteria in wild green turtles, as determined by Shannon and Chao indices, significantly surpasses that of artificial breeding green turtles (p < 0.01). However, no significant differences were detected in the fungal α-diversity between wild and artificially bred green turtles. Meanwhile, the β-diversity analysis revealed significant differences between wild and artificially bred green turtles in bacterial and fungal compositions. The community of gut bacteria in artificially bred green turtles had a significantly higher abundance of Fusobacteriota including those belonging to the Paracoccus, Cetobacterium, and Fusobacterium genera than that of the wild green turtle. In contrast, the abundance of bacteria belonging to the phylum Actinobacteriota and genus Nautella significantly decreased. Regarding the fungal community, artificially bred green turtles had a significantly higher abundance of Fusarium, Sterigmatomyces, and Acremonium and a lower abundance of Candida and Rhodotorula than the wild green turtle. The PICRUSt2 analyses demonstrated significant differences in the functions of the gut bacterial flora between groups, particularly in carbohydrate and energy metabolism. Fungal functional guild analysis further revealed that the functions of the intestinal fungal flora of wild and artificially bred green turtles differed significantly in terms of animal pathogens-endophytes-lichen parasites-plant pathogens-soil saprotrophs-wood saprotrophs. BugBase analysis revealed significant potential pathogenicity and stress tolerance variations between wild and artificially bred green turtles. Collectively, this study elucidates the distinctive characteristics of gut microbiota in wild and artificially bred green turtles while evaluating their health status. These findings offer valuable scientific insights for releasing artificially bred green turtles and other artificially bred wildlife into natural habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Niu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China
- Hainan Sansha Provincial Observation and Research Station of Sea Turtle Ecology, Sansha, China
| | - Liu Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China
- Hainan Sansha Provincial Observation and Research Station of Sea Turtle Ecology, Sansha, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China
- Hainan Sansha Provincial Observation and Research Station of Sea Turtle Ecology, Sansha, China
| | - Xiaoyu An
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China
- Hainan Sansha Provincial Observation and Research Station of Sea Turtle Ecology, Sansha, China
| | - Yupei Li
- Hainan Sansha Provincial Observation and Research Station of Sea Turtle Ecology, Sansha, China
- Marine Protected Area Administration of Sansha City, Sansha, China
| | - Yangfei Yu
- Hainan Sansha Provincial Observation and Research Station of Sea Turtle Ecology, Sansha, China
- Marine Protected Area Administration of Sansha City, Sansha, China
| | - Meiling Hong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China
- Hainan Sansha Provincial Observation and Research Station of Sea Turtle Ecology, Sansha, China
| | - Haitao Shi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China
- Hainan Sansha Provincial Observation and Research Station of Sea Turtle Ecology, Sansha, China
| | - Li Ding
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China
- Hainan Sansha Provincial Observation and Research Station of Sea Turtle Ecology, Sansha, China
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Klesiewicz K, Mrowiec P, Kania K, Skiba-Kurek I, Białecka J, Namysł M, Małek M. Prevalence of Closely Related Candida albicans Species among Patients with Vulvovaginal Candidiasis in Southern Poland Based on the hwp1 Gene Amplification. Pol J Microbiol 2023; 72:69-77. [PMID: 36929889 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2023-011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans remains the most common species isolated from women with vulvovaginal candidiasis. However, closely related species such as Candida africana and Candida dubliniensis may also occur, although they are often misidentified. The aim of the study was to confirm the phenotypic identification of C. albicans and its closely related species isolated from women with genital tract infections by amplification of the hwp1 (hyphal wall protein 1) gene in a PCR assay. We report a detailed molecular identification of C. albicans and its closely related species among 326 patients in the Małopolska region, Poland. Initial phenotypic identifications were confirmed by amplification of the hwp1 gene. Based on molecular analysis, we revealed 307 strains (94.17%) as C. albicans and 17 as C. dubliniensis (5.22%). No strain of C. africana was detected. Two patients h ad co-infection with C. albicans and C. dubliniensis (0.61%). A PCR assay targeting the hwp1 gene was reliable for correctly identifying species among the C. albicans complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Klesiewicz
- 1Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Paulina Mrowiec
- 1Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kania
- 1Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Iwona Skiba-Kurek
- 1Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Joanna Białecka
- 1Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
- 2Centre of Microbiological Research and Autovaccines, Cracow, Poland
| | | | - Marianna Małek
- 1Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
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Yang Z, Zhang F, Li D, Wang S, Pang Z, Chen L, Li R, Shi D. Correlation Between Drug Resistance and Virulence of Candida Isolates from Patients with Candidiasis. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:7459-7473. [PMID: 36544991 PMCID: PMC9762413 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s387675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This article aims to provide a theoretical basis for new or adjuvant strategies to facilitate the early diagnosis and treatment of candidiasis and to determine if drug-resistant Candida would affect virulence. Patients and Methods Our strains were collected from patients diagnosed with candidiasis in our hospital. The strains were identified by MALDI-TOF system and ITS sequencing. Antifungal sensitivity testing in vitro was performed to evaluate susceptibility of these isolates to current widely used antifungal drugs. The Galleria mellonella larvae model infected by Candida spp. was used to compare the virulence of drug-resistant and susceptible Candida spp. Results A total of 206 Candida strains were collected from clinical specimens. Candida albicans was the most common species among them, and was predominantly isolated from male patients aged over 40 years in ICU environments suffering from pulmonary and/or cerebral conditions. The accuracy rate of MALDI TOF-MS identification was 92.72% when compared with ITS sequencing as the standard method. Most Candida species, except for C. tropicalis which showed high resistance to micafungin, showed high susceptibilities to voriconazole, itraconazole, amphotericin B and micafungin but were highly resistant to terbinafine. For each specific Candida species, the G. mellonella larvae model revealed that the virulence of drug-resistant Candida isolates did not markedly differ from that of the drug-susceptible isolates, however, the virulence was dose-dependent on inoculated fungal cells in this model. Conclusion The possibility of Candida infection should not be neglected in patients at critical care hospital settings and C. albicans is the most common causative agent. MALDI-TOF MS has the advantages of rapidity and high accuracy, and should be a preferred method for identification of Candida spp. in a clinical laboratory. Voriconazole, itraconazole, amphotericin B and micafungin can still be recommended as the first line antifungals to treat candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiya Yang
- The Laboratory of Medical Mycology, Jining No.1 People’s Hospital, Jining, Shandong, 272111, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fangfang Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Jining Dermatosis Prevention and Treatment Hospital, Jining, Shandong, 272000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057USA
| | - Sisi Wang
- The Laboratory of Medical Mycology, Jining No.1 People’s Hospital, Jining, Shandong, 272111, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiping Pang
- The Laboratory of Medical Mycology, Jining No.1 People’s Hospital, Jining, Shandong, 272111, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liu Chen
- The Laboratory of Medical Mycology, Jining No.1 People’s Hospital, Jining, Shandong, 272111, People’s Republic of China
| | - Renzhe Li
- The Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, Jining No.1 People’s Hospital, Jining, Shandong, 272111, People’s Republic of China,Renzhe Li, Clinical Laboratory of Jining No.1 People’s Hospital, 272111, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13563704987, Email
| | - Dongmei Shi
- The Laboratory of Medical Mycology, Jining No.1 People’s Hospital, Jining, Shandong, 272111, People’s Republic of China,Department of Dermatology, Jining No.1 People’s Hospital, Jining, Shandong, 272001, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Dongmei Shi, The Laboratory of Medical Mycology and Dermatology Department of Jining No.1 People’s Hospital, Shandong, 272011, China, Tel +86 537-6051008, Email
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Clinical Challenges of Emerging and Re-Emerging Yeast Infections in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10112223. [PMID: 36363816 PMCID: PMC9695014 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During the geological eras, some fungi, through adaptation and/or environmental/ecological pressure, interacted directly and indirectly with humans, through occasionally harmful interaction interdependent on the individual’s immunological condition. Infections caused by yeasts are underreported, subjugated, and underdiagnosed, and treatment is restricted to a few drugs, even after the significant progress of medicine and pharmacology. In the last centuries, antagonistically, there has been an exponential increase of immunocompromised individuals due to the use of immunosuppressive drugs such as corticosteroids, increased cases of transplants, chemotherapeutics, autoimmune diseases, neoplasms, and, more recently, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This review aims to survey emerging and re-emerging yeast infections in the current clinical context. Currently, there is an immense clinical challenge for the rapid and correct diagnosis and treatment of systemic mycoses caused by yeasts due to the terrible increase in cases in the current context of COVID-19.
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Kneißle K, Krämer M, Kissmann AK, Xing H, Müller F, Amann V, Noschka R, Gottschalk KE, Bozdogan A, Andersson J, Weil T, Spellerberg B, Stenger S, Rosenau F. A Polyclonal SELEX Aptamer Library Allows Differentiation of Candida albicans, C. auris and C. parapsilosis Cells from Human Dermal Fibroblasts. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8080856. [PMID: 36012844 PMCID: PMC9410195 DOI: 10.3390/jof8080856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Easy and reliable identification of pathogenic species such as yeasts, emerging as problematic microbes originating from the genus Candida, is a task in the management and treatment of infections, especially in hospitals and other healthcare environments. Aptamers are seizing an already indispensable role in different sensing applications as binding entities with almost arbitrarily tunable specificities and optimizable affinities. Here, we describe a polyclonal SELEX library that not only can specifically recognize and fluorescently label Candida cells, but is also capable to differentiate C. albicans, C. auris and C. parapsilosis cells in flow-cytometry, fluorometric microtiter plate assays and fluorescence microscopy from human cells, exemplified here by human dermal fibroblasts. This offers the opportunity to develop diagnostic tools based on this library. Moreover, these specific and robust affinity molecules could also serve in the future as potent binding entities on biomaterials and as constituents of technical devices and will thus open avenues for the development of cost-effective and easily accessible next generations of electronic biosensors in clinical diagnostics and novel materials for the specific removal of pathogenic cells from human bio-samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Kneißle
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Krämer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Kissmann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Mainz, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Correspondence: (A.-K.K.); (F.R.)
| | - Hu Xing
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Franziska Müller
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Valerie Amann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Reiner Noschka
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Clinic of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Kay-Eberhard Gottschalk
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Anil Bozdogan
- Center for Electrochemical Surface Technology (CEST), Austrian Institute of Technology, 3420 Tulln, Austria
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Biosensor Technologies, Giefinggasse 4, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jakob Andersson
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Biosensor Technologies, Giefinggasse 4, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tanja Weil
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Mainz, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Barbara Spellerberg
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Clinic of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Steffen Stenger
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Clinic of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Frank Rosenau
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Mainz, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Correspondence: (A.-K.K.); (F.R.)
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Chrenkova V, Vadkertiova R, Vlachova K, Babjuk M, Lischke R, Bebrova E, Hubacek P. Candida sojae: First report of a human infection. J Mycol Med 2022; 32:101309. [PMID: 35870417 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2022.101309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vanda Chrenkova
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Charles University 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, V Úvalu 84, 15006 Prague 5, Czech Republic.
| | - Renata Vadkertiova
- Culture Collection of Yeasts, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Katerina Vlachova
- Department of Urology, Charles University 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, V Úvalu 84, 15006 Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Babjuk
- Department of Urology, Charles University 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, V Úvalu 84, 15006 Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Lischke
- 3rd Department of Surgery, Charles University 1st Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, V Úvalu 84, 15006 Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Eliska Bebrova
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Charles University 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, V Úvalu 84, 15006 Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Hubacek
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Charles University 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, V Úvalu 84, 15006 Prague 5, Czech Republic; Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Charles University 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, V Úvalu 84, 15006 Prague 5, Czech Republic
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Mucocutaneous Candida Infections in Immunocompromised Patients. CURRENT DERMATOLOGY REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13671-022-00356-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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New Tools in Laboratory Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Infections. Fungal Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-89664-5_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Activity of antifungal drugs and Brazilian red and green propolis extracted with different methodologies against oral isolates of Candida spp. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:286. [PMID: 34814913 PMCID: PMC8611924 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03445-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oral candidiasis is an opportunistic disease caused by fungi of the Candida genus. The occurrence of Candida spp. resistance to the commercial antifungal drugs points to the search for alternative treatments. Propolis has been successfully used in the treatment of infectious diseases for centuries. It has been proposed that an ultrasound pretreatment in the propolis extraction protocol can enhance the concentrations of molecules with antimicrobial activities in the final extract. Thus, this study aimed to compare the antifungal activity against oral Candida spp. isolates of green and red propolis extracts submitted or not to an ultrasound pretreatment before the extraction procedure. Methods Candida spp. were isolated from denture stomatitis lesions and identified by sequencing. Oral Candida spp. isolates and reference strains were submitted to broth microdilution assays using commercial antifungals and Brazilian green and red propolis extracts submitted or not to an ultrasound pretreatment. Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) and Minimal Fungicide Concentrations (MFC) were determined and biofilm formation interference was evaluated for resistant isolates. Results C. albicans, Candida tropicalis and Candida dubliniensis were isolated from denture stomatitis lesions. Growth inhibition was observed in all Candida isolates incubated with all green and red propolis extracts. At lower doses, red propolis extracts presented significant antifungal activity. The ultrasound pretreatment did not promote an increase in the antifungal activity of green or red propolis. Three isolates, which were highly resistant to fluconazole and itraconazole, were susceptible to low doses of red propolis extracts. These same three specimens had their biofilm formation inhibted by red propolis ethanolic extract. Conclusions Thus, red propolis can be faced as a promising natural product to be used in the auxiliary antifungal therapy of denture stomatitis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-021-03445-5.
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Heuer C, Bahnemann J, Scheper T, Segal E. Paving the Way to Overcome Antifungal Drug Resistance: Current Practices and Novel Developments for Rapid and Reliable Antifungal Susceptibility Testing. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2100713. [PMID: 34927979 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The past year has established the link between the COVID-19 pandemic and the global spread of severe fungal infections; thus, underscoring the critical need for rapid and realizable fungal disease diagnostics. While in recent years, health authorities, such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, have reported the alarming emergence and spread of drug-resistant pathogenic fungi and warned against the devastating consequences, progress in the diagnosis and treatment of fungal infections is limited. Early diagnosis and patient-tailored therapy are established to be key in reducing morbidity and mortality associated with fungal (and cofungal) infections. As such, antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST) is crucial in revealing susceptibility or resistance of these pathogens and initiating correct antifungal therapy. Today, gold standard AFST methods require several days for completion, and thus this much delayed time for answer limits their clinical application. This review focuses on the advancements made in developing novel AFST techniques and discusses their implications in the context of the practiced clinical workflow. The aim of this work is to highlight the advantages and drawbacks of currently available methods and identify the main gaps hindering their progress toward clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Heuer
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 320003, Israel
| | - Janina Bahnemann
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Scheper
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ester Segal
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 320003, Israel
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Wang Q, Li Y, Cai X, Li R, Zheng B, Yang E, Liang T, Yang X, Wan Z, Liu W. Two Sequential Clinical Isolates of Candida glabrata with Multidrug-Resistance to Posaconazole and Echinocandins. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10101217. [PMID: 34680798 PMCID: PMC8532709 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10101217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida glabrata is one of the most prevalent causative pathogens of invasive candidiasis, and multidrug-resistant strains are emerging. We identified two clinical isolates of C. glabrata, BMU10720 and BMU10722 sequentially isolated from one patient with multidrug-resistance to posaconazole (POS), caspofungin (CAS), micafungin (MCF), and anidulafungin (ANF). Overexpression of ERG11 in BMU10720 and CDR1 in BMU10722 were detected at basal level. When exposed to POS, CDR1 was significantly up-regulated in both isolates compared with susceptible reference strain, while ERG11 was up-regulated considerably only in BMU10720. PDR1 sequencing revealed that both isolates harbored P76S, P143T, and D243N substitutions, while ERG11 was intact. Cdr1 inhibitor FK520 reversed POS-resistance by down-regulating ERG11 expression. FKS sequencing revealed that both isolates harbored S663P substitution in FKS2, and four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) existed in FKS2 genes between BMU10720 and BMU10722, while FKS1 was intact. Both FKS1 and FKS2 were up-regulated by CAS in BMU10720 and BMU10722. FK520 down-regulated FKS2 expression induced by CAS through inhibiting calcineurin, resulting in synergic effect with echinocandins as well as Congo Red and Calcofluor White, two cell wall-perturbing agents. In conclusion, the multidrug-resistance of C. glabrata isolates in our study was conferred by different mechanisms. CDR1 and ERG11 overexpression in one isolate and only CDR1 overexpression in the other isolate may mediate POS-resistance. S663P mutation in FKS2 and up-regulation of FKS2 may contribute to echinocandin-resistance in both isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Wang
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China; (Q.W.); (R.L.); (T.L.); (X.Y.); (Z.W.)
- National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing 100034, China
- Research Center for Medical Mycology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Yun Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China; (Y.L.); (B.Z.)
| | - Xuan Cai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China;
| | - Ruoyu Li
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China; (Q.W.); (R.L.); (T.L.); (X.Y.); (Z.W.)
- National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing 100034, China
- Research Center for Medical Mycology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Bo Zheng
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China; (Y.L.); (B.Z.)
| | - Ence Yang
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China;
| | - Tianyu Liang
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China; (Q.W.); (R.L.); (T.L.); (X.Y.); (Z.W.)
- National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing 100034, China
- Research Center for Medical Mycology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China; (Q.W.); (R.L.); (T.L.); (X.Y.); (Z.W.)
- National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing 100034, China
- Research Center for Medical Mycology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Zhe Wan
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China; (Q.W.); (R.L.); (T.L.); (X.Y.); (Z.W.)
- National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing 100034, China
- Research Center for Medical Mycology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China; (Q.W.); (R.L.); (T.L.); (X.Y.); (Z.W.)
- National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing 100034, China
- Research Center for Medical Mycology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing 100034, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-8357-3075
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Mota I, Teixeira-Santos R, Cavaleiro Rufo J. Detection and identification of fungal species by electronic nose technology: A systematic review. FUNGAL BIOL REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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13
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Pereira LC, Correia AF, da Silva ZDL, de Resende CN, Brandão F, Almeida RM, de Medeiros Nóbrega YK. Vulvovaginal candidiasis and current perspectives: new risk factors and laboratory diagnosis by using MALDI TOF for identifying species in primary infection and recurrence. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 40:1681-1693. [PMID: 33713006 PMCID: PMC8295079 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-021-04199-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), considered the second cause of genital infection among women, has pathogenic mechanisms still to be elucidated and unknown risk factors. Prevalence studies with laboratory diagnosis (at first diagnosis and recurrence) are uncommon, especially using MALDI TOF, used in this clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory study for evaluating candidiasis, and identifying unknown risk factors. To obtain clinical and epidemiological data, patients were questioned, and there was material collection. Samples collected were identified by using phenotypic and presumptive methods and confirmed by MALDI TOF. This study analyzed 278 patients, divided into symptomatic (n = 173) and asymptomatic (n = 105) groups. Regarding the main candidiasis symptoms (discharge, itching, and burning), only 50.3% of patients described these concomitant symptoms, showing a positive predictive value of 67.8%. Regarding the risk factors investigated, there was a statistical correlation between candidiasis and dairy products, gut transit, contraceptive use, respiratory allergy, and panty liners, describing new risk factors related to intestinal and vaginal dysbiosis. After Candida species analysis and confirmation, the primary prevalence was 80.9% (Candida albicans), 15.2% (non-albicans), 1% (Rhodotorula mucilaginosa), and 1.9% (unidentified species). In recurrence, the prevalence was 66.7% (C. albicans) and 33.3% (non-albicans). The presence of symptoms has low positive predictive value for the diagnosis of candidiasis, even when considering the classic triad of symptoms. Laboratory identification of yeast species is essential for correct treatment, preventing the resistance to antifungals and the high recurrence. In addition, dairy products and bowel habits, both related to intestinal and vaginal dysbiosis, may be associated with VVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Custódio Pereira
- Vulvar Pathology Clinic, Department of Gynecology, Brasilia University Hospital, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Microbiology and Immunology Clinical Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Darcy Ribeiro Campus, Brasília, DF, 70900-910, Brazil
| | - Amabel Fernandes Correia
- Medical Biology Management, Center of Parasitology and Mycology, Central Public Health Laboratory of the District Federal (LACEN-DF), Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Zita Dinis Lopes da Silva
- Microbiology and Immunology Clinical Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Darcy Ribeiro Campus, Brasília, DF, 70900-910, Brazil
| | - Ceres Nunes de Resende
- Vulvar Pathology Clinic, Department of Gynecology, Brasilia University Hospital, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Brandão
- Microbiology and Immunology Clinical Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Darcy Ribeiro Campus, Brasília, DF, 70900-910, Brazil
| | - Rosane Mansan Almeida
- Microbiology and Immunology Clinical Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Darcy Ribeiro Campus, Brasília, DF, 70900-910, Brazil
| | - Yanna Karla de Medeiros Nóbrega
- Microbiology and Immunology Clinical Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Darcy Ribeiro Campus, Brasília, DF, 70900-910, Brazil.
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Pawlak Z, Andrusiów S, Pajączkowska M, Janczura A. Identification of Fungi Isolated from Oral Cavity of Patients with HIV Using MALDI-TOF MS. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10081570. [PMID: 33917925 PMCID: PMC8068364 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10081570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing incidence of invasive fungal infections, especially among immunocompromised patients, has given increased significance to microbiological diagnostics of yeast-like fungi. More accurate and faster fungi identification methods that can compete with classical methods are being searched for. In this paper, classical microbiological methods are compared to MALDI-TOF MS (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry). METHODS The diagnostic material was collected from buccal mucosa from 98 adults, including 69 with HIV. Only positive cultures were included in the study. RESULTS Matching results were obtained in 45 samples, and there were nonmatching results in 35 samples, with the majority of these in the study group, constituting 50% of identifications within this group. A particularly common mistake resulting from the use of classical methods is the false identification of C. dubliniensis as C. albicans. Additionally, C. tropicalis proves to be difficult to identify. CONCLUSIONS Our results and literature data suggest that MALDI-TOF MS should be considered an effective alternative to classical methods in terms of fungi identification, especially among HIV-positive patients, due to the different morphology of fungal colonies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Pawlak
- Students Scientific Society of Infectious Diseases, Liver Diseases and Acquired Immune Deficiencies, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 51-149 Wroclaw, Poland; (Z.P.); (S.A.)
| | - Szymon Andrusiów
- Students Scientific Society of Infectious Diseases, Liver Diseases and Acquired Immune Deficiencies, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 51-149 Wroclaw, Poland; (Z.P.); (S.A.)
| | - Magdalena Pajączkowska
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Adriana Janczura
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Correspondence:
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Sangaré I, Amona FM, Ouedraogo RWL, Zida A, Ouedraogo MS. Otomycosis in Africa: Epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment. J Mycol Med 2021; 31:101115. [PMID: 33516991 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2021.101115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This review sets out to highlighted knowledge gaps regarding the epidemiological, diagnostic (clinical and laboratory) and therapeutic aspects of otomycosis in Africa. A computerized literature search for otomycosis related articles were performed using MEDLINE. The search encompassed articles published in early January 1980 to May 2019 yielded 220 articles. Electronic search on PubMed was performed with the specific keywords. This review shows the higher prevalence rates of otomycosis in Africa. These prevalences varies from one country to the other and also from one population to another within the same country. The main symptoms are otalgia, otorrhea, hearing loss, aural fullness, pruritus, and tinnitus. Otomycosis is due to several predisposing factors, however, use of topical antibiotic/steroid eardrops, trauma to the external ear canal or instrumentation of the ear, being exposed to hot humid atmospheres, and close contact with water are the common risk factors. Aspergillus species are the most commonly identified organisms compared with Candida species. Worldwide, A. niger and C. albicans are the most commonly described agents of otomycosis in Africa. The Laboratory diagnosis of otomycosis is usually confirmed by mycologic tests relied on a set of evidences. Further conventional methods such as Chromagar Candida System, latex agglutination test, Biochemical tests (Api 20C AuxTM and auxanogram), phenotypical tests (Germ-tube and chlamydosporulation), and rRNA gene sequencing (PCR) are performed to improve diagnosis and the management of the disease. Adequate treatment of otomycosis includes microscopic suction clearance of fungal mass, discontinuation of topical antibiotics and treatment with antifungal eardrops for three weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Sangaré
- Institut Superieur des Sciences de la Santé, Université Nazi BONI, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso; Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Entomologie, Centre MURAZ, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso; Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Souro Sanou, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
| | - Fructueux Modeste Amona
- Institut Superieur des Sciences de la Santé, Université Nazi BONI, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Adama Zida
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado Ouedraogo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
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16
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Singh P, Nath R, Venkatesh V. Comparative Genome-Wide Characterization of Microsatellites in Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis Leading to the Development of Species-Specific Marker. Public Health Genomics 2021; 24:1-13. [PMID: 33401274 DOI: 10.1159/000512087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microsatellites or simple sequence repeats (SSR) are related to genomic structure, function, and certain diseases of taxonomically different organisms. OBJECTIVE To characterize microsatellites in two closely related Candida species by searching and comparing 1-6 bp nucleotide motifs and utilizing them to develop species-specific markers. METHODS Whole-genome sequence was downloaded from the public domain, microsatellites were mined and analyzed, and primers were synthesized. RESULTS A total of 15,821 and 7,868 microsatellites, with mono-nucleotides (8,679) and trinucleotides (3,156) as most frequent microsatellites, were mined in Candida dubliniensis and Candida albicans, respectively. Chromosome size was found positively correlated with microsatellite number in both the species, whereas it was negatively correlated with the relative abundance and density of microsatellites. A number of unique motifs were also found in both the species. Overall, microsatellite frequencies of each chromosome in C. dubliniensis were higher than in C. albicans. CONCLUSION The features of microsatellite distribution in the two species' genomes revealed that it is probably not conserved in the genus Candida. Data generated in this article could be used for comparative genome mapping and understanding the distribution of microsatellites and genome structure between these closely related and phenotypically misidentified species and may provide a foundation for the development of a new set of species-specific microsatellite markers. Here, we also report a novel microsatellite-based marker for C. dubliniensis-specific identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, India, .,Department of Computer Science & Engineering, UIET, CSJM University, Kanpur, India,
| | - Ravindra Nath
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, UIET, CSJM University, Kanpur, India
| | - Vimala Venkatesh
- Department of Microbiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
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17
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Virulence Traits of Candida spp.: An Overview. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-60659-6_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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18
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Rodríguez-Cerdeira C, Martínez-Herrera E, Carnero-Gregorio M, López-Barcenas A, Fabbrocini G, Fida M, El-Samahy M, González-Cespón JL. Pathogenesis and Clinical Relevance of Candida Biofilms in Vulvovaginal Candidiasis. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:544480. [PMID: 33262741 PMCID: PMC7686049 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.544480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of Candida spp. to form biofilms is crucial for its pathogenicity, and thus, it should be considered an important virulence factor in vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) and recurrent VVC (RVVC). Its ability to generate biofilms is multifactorial and is generally believed to depend on the site of infection, species and strain involved, and the microenvironment in which the infection develops. Therefore, both cell surface proteins, such as Hwp1, Als1, and Als2, and the cell wall-related protein, Sun41, play a critical role in the adhesion and virulence of the biofilm. Immunological and pharmacological approaches have identified the NLRP3 inflammasome as a crucial molecular factor contributing to host immunopathology. In this context, we have earlier shown that Candida albicans associated with hyphae-secreted aspartyl proteinases (specifically SAP4-6) contribute to the immunopathology of the disease. Transcriptome profiling has revealed that non-coding transcripts regulate protein synthesis post-transcriptionally, which is important for the growth of Candida spp. Other studies have employed RNA sequencing to identify differences in the 1,245 Candida genes involved in surface and invasive cellular metabolism regulation. In vitro systems allow the simultaneous processing of a large number of samples, making them an ideal screening technique for estimating various physicochemical parameters, testing the activity of antimicrobial agents, and analyzing genes involved in biofilm formation and regulation (in situ) in specific strains. Murine VVC models are used to study C. albicans infection, especially in trials of novel treatments and to understand the cause(s) for resistance to conventional therapeutics. This review on the clinical relevance of Candida biofilms in VVC focuses on important advances in its genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics. Moreover, recent experiments on the influence of biofilm formation on VVC or RVVC pathogenesis in laboratory animals have been discussed. A clear elucidation of one of the pathogenesis mechanisms employed by Candida biofilms in vulvovaginal candidiasis and its applications in clinical practice represents the most significant contribution of this manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Rodríguez-Cerdeira
- Efficiency, Quality, and Costs in Health Services Research Group (EFISALUD), Health Research Institute, SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain.,Department of Dermatology, Hospital do Meixoeiro and University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain.,European Women's Dermatologic and Venereologic Society, Tui, Spain.,Psychodermatology Task Force of the Ibero-Latin American College of Dermatology (CILAD), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Erick Martínez-Herrera
- Psychodermatology Task Force of the Ibero-Latin American College of Dermatology (CILAD), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, Ixtapaluca, Mexico
| | - Miguel Carnero-Gregorio
- Efficiency, Quality, and Costs in Health Services Research Group (EFISALUD), Health Research Institute, SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain.,Department of Molecular Diagnosis (Array & NGS Division), Institute of Cellular and Molecular Studies, Lugo, Spain
| | - Adriana López-Barcenas
- European Women's Dermatologic and Venereologic Society, Tui, Spain.,Psychodermatology Task Force of the Ibero-Latin American College of Dermatology (CILAD), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Section of Mycology, Department of Dermatology, Manuel Gea González hospital, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriella Fabbrocini
- European Women's Dermatologic and Venereologic Society, Tui, Spain.,Department of Dermatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Monika Fida
- European Women's Dermatologic and Venereologic Society, Tui, Spain.,Department of Dermatology, University of Medicine, Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | - May El-Samahy
- European Women's Dermatologic and Venereologic Society, Tui, Spain.,Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - José Luís González-Cespón
- Efficiency, Quality, and Costs in Health Services Research Group (EFISALUD), Health Research Institute, SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain
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Carlesse F, Daudt LE, Seber A, Dutra ÁP, Melo ASDA, Simões B, Macedo CRD, Bonfim C, Benites E, Gregianin L, Batista MV, Abramczyk M, Tostes V, Lederman HM, Lee MLDM, Loggetto S, Galvão de Castro Junior C, Colombo AL. A consensus document for the clinical management of invasive fungal diseases in pediatric patients with hematologic cancer and/or undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in Brazilian medical centers. Braz J Infect Dis 2019; 23:395-409. [PMID: 31738887 PMCID: PMC9428207 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2019.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present paper we summarize the suggestions of a multidisciplinary group including experts in pediatric oncology and infectious diseases who reviewed the medical literature to elaborate a consensus document (CD) for the diagnosis and clinical management of invasive fungal diseases (IFDs) in children with hematologic cancer and those who underwent hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation. All major multicenter studies designed to characterize the epidemiology of IFDs in children with cancer, as well as all randomized clinical trials addressing empirical and targeted antifungal therapy were reviewed. In the absence of randomized clinical trials, the best evidence available to support the recommendations were selected. Algorithms for early diagnosis and best clinical management of IFDs are also presented. This document summarizes practical recommendations that will certainly help pediatricians to best treat their patients suffering of invasive fungal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabianne Carlesse
- Instituto de Oncologia Pediátrica, UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Liane Esteves Daudt
- Universidade do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital das Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Adriana Seber
- Hospital Samaritano de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; ABHH, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Belinda Simões
- Hospital das Clínicas de Ribeirão Preto-USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Carmem Bonfim
- Hospital das Clínicas de Curitiba, Paraná, PR, Brazil.
| | | | - Lauro Gregianin
- Hospital das Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Marjorie Vieira Batista
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Abramczyk
- Hospital Infantil Darcy Vargas, Morumbi, SP, Brazil; Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Pediatria, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Vivian Tostes
- Pro-Imagem medicina diagnóstica Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Maria Lúcia de Martino Lee
- Hospital Santa Marcelina TUCA, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Arnaldo Lopes Colombo
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Disciplina de Infectologia, Brazil.
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20
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Rapid differential diagnosis of vaginal infections using gold nanoparticles coated with specific antibodies. Med Microbiol Immunol 2019; 208:773-780. [DOI: 10.1007/s00430-019-00622-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Medeiros CCG, dos Anjos Borges LG, Cherubini K, Salum FG, Medina da Silva R, de Figueiredo MAZ. Oral yeast colonization in patients with primary and secondary Sjögren's syndrome. Oral Dis 2018; 24:1367-1378. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Luiz Gustavo dos Anjos Borges
- Geobiology Laboratory; Institute of Petroleum and Natural Resources; Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS); Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Karen Cherubini
- Department of Oral Medicine; Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS); Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Fernanda Gonçalves Salum
- Department of Oral Medicine; Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS); Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Renata Medina da Silva
- Immunology and Microbiology Laboratory; Biosciences School; Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS); Porto Alegre RS Brazil
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Kianipour S, Ardestani ME, Dehghan P. Identification of Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis Species Isolated from Bronchoalveolar Lavage Samples Using Genotypic and Phenotypic Methods. Adv Biomed Res 2018; 7:66. [PMID: 29862215 PMCID: PMC5952538 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_138_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Candida dubliniensis is a newly diagnosed species very similar to Candida albicans phenotypically and first discovered in the mouth of people with AIDS in 1995. Among the different phenotypic and genotypic methods, a cost-effective method should be selected which makes it possible to differentiate these similar species. Materials and Methods Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism with MspI enzyme and the Duplex-PCR method were done by DNA extraction using boiling. The sequencing of the amplified ribosomal region was used to confirm the C. dubliniensis species. Direct examination and colony count of the yeasts were applied for bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples and the growth rate of the yeasts were studied at 45°C. To understand the ability formation of chlamydoconidia in yeast isolates, they were separately cultured on the sunflower seed agar, wheat flour agar, and corn meal agar media. Results Fifty-nine (49.2%) yeast colonies were identified from the total of 120 BAL specimens. Twenty-nine isolated yeasts; including 17 (58.6%) of C. albicans/dubliniensis complex and 12 (41.4%) of nonalbicans isolates produced pseudohypha or blastoconidia in direct smear with a mean colony count of 42000 CFU/mL. C. albicans with the frequency of 15 (42.9%) were the most common isolated yeasts, whereas C. dubliniensis was identified in two nonHIV patients. Conclusion Sequencing of the replicated gene fragment is the best method for identifying the yeasts, but the determination of the species by phenotypic methods such as the creation of chlamydoconidia in sunflower seeds agar and wheat flour agar media can be cost-effective, have sensitivity and acceptable quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Kianipour
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Emami Ardestani
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parvin Dehghan
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Rajasekharan SK, Ray AK, Ramesh S, Kannappan Mohanvel S. Species-specific detection of Candida tropicalis using evolutionary conserved intein DNA sequences. Lett Appl Microbiol 2018; 66:378-383. [PMID: 29427451 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Inteins (internal proteins) are self-splicing transportable genetic elements present in conserved regions of housekeeping genes. The study highlights the importance of intein as a potential diagnostic marker for species-specific identification of Candida tropicalis, a rapidly emerging opportunistic human pathogen. Initial steps of primer validation, sequence alignment, phylogenetic tree analysis, gel electrophoresis and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were performed to confirm the specificity of the designed primers. The primers were selective for C. tropicalis with 100% inclusivity and showed no cross-species or cross-genera matches. The established technique is a prototype for developing multifaceted PCR assays and for point-of-care testing in near future. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Development of molecular markers for specific detection of microbial pathogens using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is an appealing and challenging technique. A real-time PCR is an emerging technology frequently used to detect the aetiologic agents. In recent times, designing species-specific primers for pathogen detection is gaining momentum. The method offers rapid, accurate and cost-effective strategy to identify the target, thus providing sufficient time to instigate appropriate chemotherapy. The study highlights the use of intein DNA sequence as molecular markers for species-specific identification of Candida tropicalis. The study also offers a prototype model for developing multifaceted PCR assays using intein DNA sequences, and provides a developmental starting point for point-of-care testing in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Rajasekharan
- Centre for Research and Development, PRIST University, Thanjavur, India.,School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - A K Ray
- Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture-ICAR, Chennai, India
| | - S Ramesh
- Centre for Research and Development, PRIST University, Thanjavur, India
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Al-Tekreeti ARA, Al-Halbosiy MMF, Dheeb BI, Hashim AJ, Al-Zuhairi AFH, Mohammad FI. Molecular identification of clinical Candida isolates by simple and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA-PCR. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-017-2762-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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25
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Nakamura S, Okamoto MR, Yamamoto K, Tsurumoto A, Yoshino Y, Iwabuchi H, Saito I, Maeda N, Nakagawa Y. The Candida species that are important for the development of atrophic glossitis in xerostomia patients. BMC Oral Health 2017; 17:153. [PMID: 29246167 PMCID: PMC5732471 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-017-0449-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to clarify the species of Candida that are important for the development of atrophic glossitis in xerostomia patients. Methods A total of 231 patients with subjective dry mouth were enrolled in the present study. Logistic regression analysis was performed to clarify the contribution of each Candida species and other variables to the development of atrophic glossitis. The dependent variable was the absence/presence of atrophic glossitis. The Candida colony-forming units (CFU) of C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, and C. krusei, as well as age, gender, resting (RSFR) and stimulated (SSFR) whole salivary flow rate, and denture-wearing status, were treated as explanatory variables. Results Logistic regression analysis showed that two factors were closely associated with the presence of atrophic glossitis: an increase in C. albicans CFU and a decrease in the SSFR. Conclusions C. albicans, but not non-albicans Candida, was associated with atrophic glossitis in xerostomia patients who had no systemic predisposing factors, indicating that C. albicans remains a treatment target for Candida-related atrophic glossitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachika Nakamura
- Department of Clinical Pathophysiology., Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University Dental Hospital, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan.,Department of Oral Microbiology, Tsurumi University, School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mariko R Okamoto
- Department of Clinical Pathophysiology., Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University Dental Hospital, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan.,Department of Oral Microbiology, Tsurumi University, School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.,Kobayashi Dental Clinic, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ken Yamamoto
- Department of Clinical Pathophysiology., Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University Dental Hospital, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan.,Community Dentistry, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akihisa Tsurumoto
- Community Dentistry, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoko Yoshino
- Department of Clinical Pathophysiology., Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University Dental Hospital, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan.,Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Sagami Women's University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Iwabuchi
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Diagnosis and Treatment, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Ichiro Saito
- Department of Clinical Pathophysiology., Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University Dental Hospital, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Nobuko Maeda
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Tsurumi University, School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoichi Nakagawa
- Department of Clinical Pathophysiology., Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University Dental Hospital, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan.
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26
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Kucukates E, Gultekin NN, Alisan Z, Hondur N, Ozturk R. Identification of Candida species and susceptibility testing with Sensititre YeastOne microdilution panel to 9 antifungal agents. Saudi Med J 2017; 37:750-7. [PMID: 27381534 PMCID: PMC5018638 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2016.7.13412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To determine the species incidence and susceptibility pattern to 9 antifungal agents of yeasts isolated from various clinical specimens of colonized or infected patients treated in the coronary and surgical intensive care units (ICU). Methods: A total of 421 ICU patients were treated at the Cardiology Institute, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey between June 2013 and May 2014, and 44 Candida species were isolated from blood, urine, endotracheal aspiration fluid, sputum, and wounds of 16 ICU patients. Identification of Candida was performed using CHROMagar. Antifungal susceptibility was determined by a Sensititre YeastOne colorimetric microdilution panel. Results: Candida albicans (C. albicans) was the most commonly observed microorganism 23 (54%); the other microorganisms isolated were Candida tropicalis 12 (27%), Candida glabrata 5 (11%), Candida parapsilosis 1 (2%), Candida lusitaniae 1 (2%), Candida sake 1 (2%), and Geotrichum capitatum 1 (2%). All isolates were susceptible to amphotericin B and 5-flucytosine. Geotrichum capitatum excepted, the other isolates were also susceptible to anidulafungin, micafungin, and caspofungin. Candida parapsilosis was found to be susceptible to all the studied antifungals. High MIC rates for azole group of antifungal drugs were found for C. albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. glabrata. The rate of colonisation was 3.8% (16/421). Only 0.7% (3/421) patients out of a total of 421 developed candidemia. Conclusion: We found that the yeast colonization and infection rates of patients in our ICUs are very low. Candida albicans is still the most common species. We detected a decreasing susceptibility to azole compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Kucukates
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Istanbul University Cardiology Institute, Istanbul, Turkey. E-mail.
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27
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El-Aal AMA, El-Mashad N, Mohamed ASN. Revision on the Recent Diagnostic Strategies of Fungal Infections. OPEN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2017; 07:29-40. [DOI: 10.4236/ojmm.2017.71003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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28
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Silva S, Tobaldini-Valerio F, Costa-de-Oliveira S, Henriques M, Azeredo J, Ferreira EC, Lopes JA, Sousa C. Discrimination of clinically relevant Candida species by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR). RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra16769a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate Candida species identification remains a challenge due to their phenotypic and genotypic similarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sónia Silva
- CEB-Centro de Engenharia Biológica
- Universidade do Minho
- Braga
- Portugal
| | - Flávia Tobaldini-Valerio
- CEB-Centro de Engenharia Biológica
- Universidade do Minho
- Braga
- Portugal
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina
| | | | - Mariana Henriques
- CEB-Centro de Engenharia Biológica
- Universidade do Minho
- Braga
- Portugal
| | - Joana Azeredo
- CEB-Centro de Engenharia Biológica
- Universidade do Minho
- Braga
- Portugal
| | | | - João A. Lopes
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa)
- Faculdade de Farmácia
- Universidade de Lisboa
- Lisboa
- Portugal
| | - Clara Sousa
- LAQV/REQUIMTE
- Departamento de Ciências Químicas
- Faculdade de Farmácia
- Universidade do Porto
- 4050-313 Porto
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29
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Zhang LW, Fu JY, Hua H, Yan ZM. Efficacy and safety of miconazole for oral candidiasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oral Dis 2015; 22:185-95. [PMID: 26456226 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of miconazole for treating oral candidiasis. Twelve electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials evaluating treatments for oral candidiasis and complemented by hand searching. The clinical and mycological outcomes, as well as adverse effects, were set as the primary outcome criteria. Seventeen trials were included in this review. Most studies were considered to have a high or moderate level of bias. Miconazole was more effective than nystatin for thrush. For HIV-infected patients, there was no significant difference in the efficacy between miconazole and other antifungals. For denture wearers, microwave therapy was significantly better than miconazole. No significant difference was found in the safety evaluation between miconazole and other treatments. The relapse rate of miconazole oral gel may be lower than that of other formulations. This systematic review and meta-analysis indicated that miconazole may be an optional choice for thrush. Microwave therapy could be an effective adjunct treatment for denture stomatitis. Miconazole oral gel may be more effective than other formulations with regard to long-term results. However, future studies that are adequately powered, large-scale, and well-designed are needed to provide higher-quality evidence for the management of oral candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L-W Zhang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - J-Y Fu
- Department of stomatology, Peking University International Hospital, Changping District, Beijing, China
| | - H Hua
- Department of Oral Medicine, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Z-M Yan
- Department of Oral Medicine, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
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30
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He Y, Geng W, Wang P, Xi L, Wang Z, Wu G, Wang C. Simultaneous detection of four common oral Candida species from blood samples by the fluorescence polarization assay. Cell Biochem Biophys 2015; 71:919-24. [PMID: 25308858 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-0284-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The genus Candida is both the commensal microbe and the opportunistic pathogen, containing approximately 200 species inhabiting in oral cavity of 53 % of the general population. Candida species can cause the diseases from local mucosal infections to systemic mycoses, even life-threatening infections in immunocompromised individuals. The timely differentiation of Candida species is important for the guidance of clinical medication. Four common Candida species in Chinese population (Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida glabrata, Candida krusei) were chosen as the targets to develop the rapid screening method in this work. Combined with amplification by asymmetric PCR, this parallel fluorescence polarization (FP) immunoassay is carried out in homogeneous solution phase. The limit of detection of the assay was shown to be 50 copies/mL in blood samples. The evaluation in multicenter manner showed excellent reproducibility and stability. The comparison between DNA sequencing and the FP immunoassay indicated that there was no significant difference between these methods. This molecular strategy-based method is simple, rapid, and feasible for identifying common Candida species and thereby holding great potential in the application of clinical laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong He
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
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31
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Candida bracarensis: Evaluation of Virulence Factors and its Tolerance to Amphotericin B and Fluconazole. Mycopathologia 2015; 180:305-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s11046-015-9925-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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32
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Muadcheingka T, Tantivitayakul P. Distribution of Candida albicans and non-albicans Candida species in oral candidiasis patients: Correlation between cell surface hydrophobicity and biofilm forming activities. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 60:894-901. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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33
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Cordeiro RDA, Teixeira CE, Brilhante RS, Castelo-Branco DS, Alencar LP, de Oliveira JS, Monteiro AJ, Bandeira TJ, Sidrim JJ, Moreira JLB, Rocha MF. Exogenous tyrosol inhibits planktonic cells and biofilms of Candida species and enhances their susceptibility to antifungals. FEMS Yeast Res 2015; 15:fov012. [DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/fov012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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34
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Alnuaimi A, Wiesenfeld D, O'Brien-Simpson N, Reynolds E, Peng B, McCullough M. The development and validation of a rapid genetic method for species identification and genotyping of medically important fungal pathogens using high-resolution melting curve analysis. Mol Oral Microbiol 2014; 29:117-30. [DOI: 10.1111/omi.12050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A.D. Alnuaimi
- Melbourne Dental School; Oral Health CRC; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - D. Wiesenfeld
- Melbourne Dental School; Oral Health CRC; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Vic. Australia
- Head and Neck Oncology; The Royal Melbourne Hospital; Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - N.M. O'Brien-Simpson
- Melbourne Dental School; Oral Health CRC; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - E.C. Reynolds
- Melbourne Dental School; Oral Health CRC; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - B. Peng
- Melbourne Dental School; Oral Health CRC; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - M.J. McCullough
- Melbourne Dental School; Oral Health CRC; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Vic. Australia
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35
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Romi W, Keisam S, Ahmed G, Jeyaram K. Reliable differentiation of Meyerozyma guilliermondii from Meyerozyma caribbica by internal transcribed spacer restriction fingerprinting. BMC Microbiol 2014; 14:52. [PMID: 24575831 PMCID: PMC3946169 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-14-52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Meyerozyma guilliermondii (anamorph Candida guilliermondii) and Meyerozyma caribbica (anamorph Candida fermentati) are closely related species of the genetically heterogenous M. guilliermondii complex. Conventional phenotypic methods frequently misidentify the species within this complex and also with other species of the Saccharomycotina CTG clade. Even the long-established sequencing of large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene remains ambiguous. We also faced similar problem during identification of yeast isolates of M. guilliermondii complex from indigenous bamboo shoot fermentation in North East India. There is a need for development of reliable and accurate identification methods for these closely related species because of their increasing importance as emerging infectious yeasts and associated biotechnological attributes. Results We targeted the highly variable internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) and identified seven restriction enzymes through in silico analysis for differentiating M. guilliermondii from M. caribbica. Fifty five isolates of M. guilliermondii complex which could not be delineated into species-specific taxonomic ranks by API 20 C AUX and LSU rRNA gene D1/D2 sequencing were subjected to ITS-restriction fragment length polymorphism (ITS-RFLP) analysis. TaqI ITS-RFLP distinctly differentiated the isolates into M. guilliermondii (47 isolates) and M. caribbica (08 isolates) with reproducible species-specific patterns similar to the in silico prediction. The reliability of this method was validated by ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 sequencing, mitochondrial DNA RFLP and electrophoretic karyotyping. Conclusions We herein described a reliable ITS-RFLP method for distinct differentiation of frequently misidentified M. guilliermondii from M. caribbica. Even though in silico analysis differentiated other closely related species of M. guilliermondii complex from the above two species, it is yet to be confirmed by in vitro analysis using reference strains. This method can be used as a reliable tool for rapid and accurate identification of closely related species of M. guilliermondii complex and for differentiating emerging infectious yeasts of the Saccharomycotina CTG clade.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kumaraswamy Jeyaram
- Microbial Resources Division, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (IBSD), Takyelpat Institutional Area, Imphal 795001, Manipur, India.
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