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Boccia G, Di Spirito F, D’Ambrosio F, De Caro F, Pecora D, Giorgio R, Fortino L, Longanella W, Franci G, Santella B, Amato M. Microbial Air Contamination in a Dental Setting Environment and Ultrasonic Scaling in Periodontally Healthy Subjects: An Observational Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20032710. [PMID: 36768076 PMCID: PMC9916071 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The risk of microbial air contamination in a dental setting, especially during aerosol-generating dental procedures (AGDPs), has long been recognized, becoming even more relevant during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, individual pathogens were rarely studied, and microbial loads were measured heterogeneously, often using low-sensitivity methods. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess microbial air contamination in the dental environment, identify the microorganisms involved, and determine their count by active air sampling at the beginning (T0), during (T1), and at the end (T2) of ultrasonic scaling in systemically and periodontally healthy subjects. Air microbial contamination was detected at T0 in all samples, regardless of whether the sample was collected from patients treated first or later; predominantly Gram-positive bacteria, including Staphylococcus and Bacillus spp. and a minority of fungi, were identified. The number of bacterial colonies at T1 was higher, although the species found were similar to that found during the T0 sampling, whereby Gram-positive bacteria, mainly Streptococcus spp., were identified. Air samples collected at T2 showed a decrease in bacterial load compared to the previous sampling. Further research should investigate the levels and patterns of the microbial contamination of air, people, and the environment in dental settings via ultrasonic scaling and other AGDPs and identify the microorganisms involved to perform the procedure- and patient-related risk assessment and provide appropriate recommendations for aerosol infection control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Boccia
- Dai Dipartimento Di Igiene Sanitaria e Medicina Valutativa U.O.C. Igiene Ospedaliera, A.O.U. San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D’Aragona Largo Città di Ippocrate, 84131 Salerno, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy
| | - Federica Di Spirito
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy
| | - Francesco D’Ambrosio
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy
| | - Francesco De Caro
- Dai Dipartimento Di Igiene Sanitaria e Medicina Valutativa U.O.C. Igiene Ospedaliera, A.O.U. San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D’Aragona Largo Città di Ippocrate, 84131 Salerno, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy
| | - Domenico Pecora
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy
| | - Riccardo Giorgio
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy
| | - Luigi Fortino
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy
| | | | - Gianluigi Franci
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy
| | - Biagio Santella
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy
- Correspondence: (B.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Massimo Amato
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy
- Correspondence: (B.S.); (M.A.)
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Khan T, Raza S. Exploration of Computational Aids for Effective Drug Designing and Management of Viral Diseases: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Top Med Chem 2023; 23:1640-1663. [PMID: 36725827 DOI: 10.2174/1568026623666230201144522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbial diseases, specifically originating from viruses are the major cause of human mortality all over the world. The current COVID-19 pandemic is a case in point, where the dynamics of the viral-human interactions are still not completely understood, making its treatment a case of trial and error. Scientists are struggling to devise a strategy to contain the pandemic for over a year and this brings to light the lack of understanding of how the virus grows and multiplies in the human body. METHODS This paper presents the perspective of the authors on the applicability of computational tools for deep learning and understanding of host-microbe interaction, disease progression and management, drug resistance and immune modulation through in silico methodologies which can aid in effective and selective drug development. The paper has summarized advances in the last five years. The studies published and indexed in leading databases have been included in the review. RESULTS Computational systems biology works on an interface of biology and mathematics and intends to unravel the complex mechanisms between the biological systems and the inter and intra species dynamics using computational tools, and high-throughput technologies developed on algorithms, networks and complex connections to simulate cellular biological processes. CONCLUSION Computational strategies and modelling integrate and prioritize microbial-host interactions and may predict the conditions in which the fine-tuning attenuates. These microbial-host interactions and working mechanisms are important from the aspect of effective drug designing and fine- tuning the therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahmeena Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Integral University, Lucknow, 226026, U.P., India
| | - Saman Raza
- Department of Chemistry, Isabella Thoburn College, Lucknow, 226007, U.P., India
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3
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Human Monkeypox: Oral Implications and Recommendations for Oral Screening and Infection Control in Dental Practice. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12122000. [PMID: 36556221 PMCID: PMC9788482 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12122000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization declared the spread of the human monkeypox virus (MPXV) an "emerging threat of moderate health concern" on 23 June 2022. Although about 20,000 cases of Monkeypox (MPX) were recorded in Europe and more than 28,000 in the United States from May to October 2022, their number is still small compared to the number of dental patients treated annually. Therefore, the likelihood of oral healthcare workers encountering an MPX case is relatively low in not endemic regions. In addition, MPX-positive individuals are considered contagious only during the prodromal or acute phase. However, the exact shedding and transmission routes of MPX and the associated risk of transmission in the dental setting remain unclear. Moreover, infected subjects whose disease is confined to the head and neck may require oral and dental care because they complain of lymphadenopathy involving the cervical lymph nodes. Furthermore, MPX lesions may first appear in the oral cavity or perioral area. Therefore, given the recent spread of MPXV in non-endemic areas where dentists are not used to considering this disease in the differential diagnosis and taking appropriate preventive measures, all oral healthcare providers nowadays should be aware of the oral presentation of MPX for adequate oral screening and appropriate preventive measures for infection control in the dental practice.
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Ahmed T, Rawat MS, Ferro AR, Mofakham AA, Helenbrook BT, Ahmadi G, Senarathna D, Mondal S, Brown D, Erath BD. Characterizing respiratory aerosol emissions during sustained phonation. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2022; 32:689-696. [PMID: 35351959 PMCID: PMC8963400 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-022-00430-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To elucidate the role of phonation frequency (i.e., pitch) and intensity of speech on respiratory aerosol emissions during sustained phonations. METHODS Respiratory aerosol emissions are measured in 40 (24 males and 16 females) healthy, non-trained singers phonating the phoneme /a/ at seven specific frequencies at varying vocal intensity levels. RESULTS Increasing frequency of phonation was positively correlated with particle production (r = 0.28, p < 0.001). Particle production rate was also positively correlated (r = 0.37, p < 0.001) with the vocal intensity of phonation, confirming previously reported findings. The primary mode (particle diameter ~0.6 μm) and width of the particle number size distribution were independent of frequency and vocal intensity. Regression models of the particle production rate using frequency, vocal intensity, and the individual subject as predictor variables only produced goodness of fit of adjusted R2 = 40% (p < 0.001). Finally, it is proposed that superemitters be defined as statistical outliers, which resulted in the identification of one superemitter in the sample of 40 participants. SIGNIFICANCE The results suggest there remain unexplored effects (e.g., biomechanical, environmental, behavioral, etc.) that contribute to the high variability in respiratory particle production rates, which ranged from 0.2 particles/s to 142 particles/s across all trials. This is evidenced as well by changes in the distribution of participant particle production that transitions to a more bimodal distribution (second mode at particle diameter ~2 μm) at higher frequencies and vocal intensity levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvir Ahmed
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, 13699, USA
| | - Mahender Singh Rawat
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, 13699, USA
| | - Andrea R Ferro
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, 13699, USA
| | - Amir A Mofakham
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, 13699, USA
| | - Brian T Helenbrook
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, 13699, USA
| | - Goodarz Ahmadi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, 13699, USA
| | | | - Sumona Mondal
- Department of Mathematics, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, 13699, USA
| | - Deborah Brown
- Joint Educational Programs, Trudeau Institute, Saranac Lake, NY, 12983, USA
| | - Byron D Erath
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, 13699, USA.
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Di Spirito F, Iandolo A, Amato A, Caggiano M, Raimondo A, Lembo S, Martina S. Prevalence, Features and Degree of Association of Oral Lesions in COVID-19: A Systematic Review of Systematic Reviews. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127486. [PMID: 35742735 PMCID: PMC9224460 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Regardless of rapidly emerging findings on oral lesions described in adult SARS-CoV-2-positive subjects, the evidence level remains quite low and rather contrasting; therefore, the present systematic review of systematic reviews primarily aims to point out the overall prevalence of diagnosed cases. Secondary aims are to estimate the degree of association between oral lesions and SARS-CoV-2 infection and to grade, based on the reported frequency, the primary oral lesions, with related clinical presentations and microscopic features, in relation to COVID-19 forms. A study protocol compliant with the PRISMA statement was developed. Twelve studies were included, reporting highly heterogeneous and incomplete findings, thus precluding a meta-analysis. Further studies should be conducted to assess the overall prevalence of cases diagnosed with oral lesions among adult SARS-CoV-2-positive subjects, especially considering novel viral variants, and to determine their degree of association with SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 forms. Moreover, the reported findings noticed the need to evaluate the putative role both of SARS-CoV-2 in oral lesions genesis and of periodontitis and periodontal microbiome in COVID-19 worsening and re-activations. Deeper insights into oral lesions in adult SARS-CoV-2-positive subjects could enhance the comprehension of illness pathogenesis, natural history and clinical presentation, thus improving the preparedness of health professionals in the inter-disciplinary management of COVID-19.
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Fakhruddin KS, Samaranayake LP, Buranawat B, Ngo H. Oro-facial mucocutaneous manifestations of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19): A systematic review. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265531. [PMID: 35648785 PMCID: PMC9159624 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We reviewed the prevalence, the likely aetiopathogenesis, and the management of oro-facial mucocutaneous manifestations of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19), caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus -2 (SARS-CoV-2). English language manuscripts searched using standard databases yielded 26 articles that met the inclusion criteria. In total, 169 cases (75 females; 94 males) from 15 countries with a spectrum of COVID-19 severities were reviewed. Gustatory perturbations were prevalent in over 70%. Mucocutaneous manifestations were reported predominantly on the tongue, palate, buccal mucosa, gingivae, and lips and included ulcers, blisters, erosions, papillary hyperplasia, macules, glossitis, and mucositis. Ulcerative lesions, present in over 50 percent, were the most common oral manifestation. Lesions resembling candidal infections, with burning mouth, were prevalent in 19%. Petechiae and angina bullosa were generally seen, subsequent to COVID-19 therapies, in 11%. Ulcerated, necrotic gingivae were documented in severely ill with poor oral hygiene. These manifestations, present across the COVID-19 disease spectrum, were commonly associated with the immunosuppressed state and/ or the concurrent antimicrobial/steroidal therapies. In summary, a wide variety of orofacial mucocutaneous lesions manifest in COVID-19. They are likely to be secondary to the disease-associated immune impairment and/or pharmaco-therapy rather than a direct result of SARS-CoV-2 infection per se.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Borvornwut Buranawat
- Department of Periodontics and Implant Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Hien Ngo
- Dental School, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
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Martín Carreras‐Presas C, Amaro Sánchez J, López‐Sánchez AF, Jané‐Salas E, Somacarrera Pérez ML. SARS-CoV-2 oral-associated lesions: Discussion of elicited response. Oral Dis 2022; 28 Suppl 1:953-955. [PMID: 32621358 PMCID: PMC7361246 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Zahran M, Ghazy R, Ahmed O, Youssef A. Atypical otolaryngologic manifestations of COVID-19: a review. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY 2021. [PMCID: PMC7819626 DOI: 10.1186/s43163-021-00075-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 started in China in late 2019. Clinical features include fever, cough, dyspnea, body aches, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Some COVID-19-positive patients presented with unusual manifestations such as olfactory dysfunction, parotitis, or cervical lymphadenopathy.
Main body
Since many patients are diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2, the need for an up to date review of the atypical ENT presentations of COVID-19 is mandatory. Articles from PubMed and Google searches were reviewed and the atypical presentations in otolaryngology were presented.
Conclusions
It is crucial for ENT physicians to have high index of suspicion to identify those COVID 19 patients with atypical presentations. This facilitates early case isolation to eliminate viral spread across the community.
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El Kady DM, Gomaa EA, Abdella WS, Ashraf Hussien R, Abd ElAziz RH, Khater AGA. Oral manifestations of COVID-19 patients: An online survey of the Egyptian population. Clin Exp Dent Res 2021; 7:852-860. [PMID: 33931952 PMCID: PMC8239795 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This pilot survey aims to study the oral manifestations associated with COVID-19 infection and report the prevalence of oral signs and symptoms in COVID-19 patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS From May 15 to June 10, 2020, we used an online questionnaire containing the oral manifestations that are expected to be associated with the COVID-19 infection. Adults in our survey who have been diagnosed with COVID-19 positive were confirmed with reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR), and isolated in various hospitals in Cairo, Egypt. RESULTS This pilot study included 58 (53.4% males and 46.6% females) COVID-19 patients ages 18-46 years, and 13 (22.4%) were healthcare workers. Our results showed that 67.2% of the patients had at least one manifestation related to the oral cavity and salivary glands, and 32.8% (n = 19) did not have any symptoms associated with the oral cavity. The highest prevalence symptoms were dry mouth 39.7% (n = 23), gustatory dysfunction as 34.5% (n = 20) loss of salt sensation, 29.3% (n = 17) loss of sweet sensation, and 25.9% (n = 15) altered food taste, while the least prevalent symptoms were tongue redness 8.8% (n = 5), and gingival bleeding 7% (n = 4). The most frequently associated symptoms were loss of salt and sweetness, as reported by 27.6% of the participants. However, there was no significant association between the incidence of oral symptoms and demographic data (age, gender, or job) of the patients (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Based on limited data, COVID-19 significantly impacts the oral cavity and salivary glands, as salivary gland-related symptoms and taste disorders are highly prevalent in COVID-19 patients.
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Drago F, Ciccarese G, Merlo G, Trave I, Javor S, Rebora A, Parodi A. Oral and cutaneous manifestations of viral and bacterial infections: Not only COVID-19 disease. Clin Dermatol 2021; 39:384-404. [PMID: 34517997 PMCID: PMC7849469 DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2021.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Globalization entails several medical problems along with economic and social complications. Migrations from other continents, increasing numbers of tourists worldwide, and importation of foreign parasites (eg, Aedes albopictus) have made diseases previously unknown in Europe a reality. The rapid spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic throughout the world is a warning that other epidemics are still possible. Most, if not all of these diseases, transmitted by viruses or bacteria, present with cutaneous symptoms and signs that are highly important for a speedy diagnosis, a fundamental concept for arresting the diseases and saving lives. Dermatologists play a significant role in delineating cutaneous and mucosal lesions that are often lumped together as dermatitis. We provide a review of many of these cutaneous and mucosal lesions that sometimes are forgotten or even ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Drago
- Dermatology Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo R. Benzi, Genoa, Italy; DI.S. Sal., Section of Dermatology, University of Genoa, Via Pastore 1, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giulia Ciccarese
- Dermatology Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo R. Benzi, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Giulia Merlo
- Dermatology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Via Venezia 16, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Ilaria Trave
- DI.S. Sal., Section of Dermatology, University of Genoa, Via Pastore 1, Genoa, Italy
| | - Sanja Javor
- Dermatology Unit, Galliera Hospital, Via Mura delle Cappuccine 14, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alfredo Rebora
- DI.S. Sal., Section of Dermatology, University of Genoa, Via Pastore 1, Genoa, Italy
| | - Aurora Parodi
- Dermatology Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo R. Benzi, Genoa, Italy; DI.S. Sal., Section of Dermatology, University of Genoa, Via Pastore 1, Genoa, Italy
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Izna, Sasank Kuntamukkula VK, Khanna SS, Salokhe O, Chandra Tiwari RV, Tiwari H. Knowledge and Apprehension of Dental Health Professionals Pertaining to COVID in Southern India: A Questionnaire Study. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2021; 13:S448-S451. [PMID: 34447131 PMCID: PMC8375944 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_551_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study was intended to evaluate the knowledge and apprehension of dental health professionals pertaining to COVID-19. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional survey, a self-administered questionnaire survey was used to validate the dental health professional's knowledge and apprehension pertaining to COVID-19. In this regard, a preliminary study with a convenience sample of 124 dentists working in various clinics in southern India was conducted so as to evaluate the knowledge and apprehension of dentists related to COVID-19 in India. This study, while limited in sample size, benefits the general practitioners as target readers to assess the awareness pertaining to COVID-19. Results: The results of this study reveal that there exists a good knowledge among dental health professionals pertaining to the COVID-19 virus and its oral manifestations in addition to the precautions to be taken for the prevention of COVID-19 in a clinical setup. However, there exists an apprehension as well as lack of awareness pertaining to the laboratory test to be carried out in a patient suspected with COVID-19 infections as well as the role of a mouthwash and the management of contaminated air in the dental clinic. Conclusion: The results elicited that there is a dearth of knowledge and relatively a fair apprehension among dental health professionals pertaining to COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izna
- Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College and Associated Hospital, Rajauri, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | | | - Shilpa Sunil Khanna
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sri Ramakrishna Dental College and Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Onkar Salokhe
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopeadics, Vasantdada Patil Dental College, Sangli, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rahul Vinay Chandra Tiwari
- Department of OMFS, Narsinbhai Patel Dental College and Hospital, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat, India
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Di Spirito F, Iacono VJ, Alfredo I, Alessandra A, Sbordone L, Lanza A. Evidence-based Recommendations on Periodontal Practice and the Management of Periodontal Patients During and After the COVID-19 Era: Challenging Infectious Diseases Spread by Airborne Transmission. Open Dent J 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1874210602115010325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
Periodontal care, which was completely suspended during the peak of the SARS-Cov-2 pandemic and was delayed and recurrently discontinued during the succeeding waves, must be safely provided in the COVID-19 era.
Objectives:
The study aimed to provide recommendations on periodontal practice, optimizing safety, ergonomics, and economic resources, and the management of periodontal patients, ensuring continuity, timing, and effectiveness of periodontal care in the COVID-19 era.
Methods:
Reported protocols for the dental practice in the context of the COVID-19 and current evidence on periodontitis treatment and prevention were reviewed.
Results:
Evidence-based recommendations on contamination control and ergonomic improvements for periodontal practice and the management of periodontal patients challenging COVID-19 and airborne infectious diseases have been provided.
Conclusion:
Due to the economic, ergonomic, and ethical concerns raised by limited periodontal care due to the SARS-Cov-2 pandemic, and awareness of other emerging airborne transmitted infections, the periodontal practice should integrate measures minimizing airborne cross-infections and optimizing time-space and economic resources. The management of periodontal patients in the COVID-19 era should comprise less complex treatments and more comprehensive and definitive approaches, reducing emergencies, session length and number, and, concurrently, extending the recall and maintenance intervals. Moreover, it should implement prevention strategies through teledentistry tools and apps, improving periodontal awareness and self-care, and also through the self-reporting of periodontitis and periodontal risk assessment tools, performing both “population-based” and “high-risk” surveillance of periodontitis. Finally, it should enhance inter-professional collaboration, through telehealth networks, especially targeting subjects at high-risk of both periodontitis and systemic disorders, each of the two variously linked to COVID-19 onset and worsening.
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13
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The New Normalcy in Dentistry after the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Italian Cross-Sectional Survey. Dent J (Basel) 2021; 9:dj9080086. [PMID: 34435998 PMCID: PMC8391335 DOI: 10.3390/dj9080086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: After the first lockdown, Italian dentists resumed their practice while handling several challenges. Reducing contagion risk by complying with the stringent measures recommended by the Italian Ministry of Health for dental activity while also balancing patient needs was a difficult task. This work aims to understand the procedures that were adopted in the second phase of the COVID-19 pandemic (5 May–30 September 2020) and the dentists’ expectations and concerns about returning to normalcy. Methods: A national survey with 38 questions was conducted from November 2020 to January 2021 and comparisons were performed among the five main Italian geographic areas. Results: Located mainly in northwest Italy, 1028 dentists were included in the survey. About 83% of the Italian dentists fully restarted their activities after the lockdown. The resumption was significantly marked in North Italy and the Center than in the South (p < 0.01). Over 80% adopted the recommended precautional guidelines, modifying them according to the specific dental treatment executed. Fifty percent of dentists were confident in returning to normalcy after the COVID-19 crisis. Many precautions adopted during the pandemic will be continued, especially in South Italy and the Islands (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Italian dentists reported excellent autonomous organizational skills and the maintaining of high-quality precautions during the reopening phase.
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Anaya-Saavedra G. Oral manifestations accompanying and related to COVID-19: Overlooking the obvious. Oral Dis 2021; 28 Suppl 2:2530-2532. [PMID: 33772953 PMCID: PMC8251452 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Anaya-Saavedra
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico.,Mexican Association of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico
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15
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Benzian H, Beltrán-Aguilar E, Niederman R. Systemic Management of Pandemic Risks in Dental Practice: A Consolidated Framework for COVID-19 Control in Dentistry. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:644515. [PMID: 33718412 PMCID: PMC7943457 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.644515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental teams and their workplaces are among the most exposed to airborne and bloodborne infectious agents, and therefore at the forefront of pandemic-related changes to how dental care is organized and provided to patients. The increasing complexity of guidelines makes is challenging for clinicians to navigate the multitude of COVID-19 guidelines issued by different agencies. A comparative analysis of guidance issued for managing COVID-19 in dental settings leading U.S. agencies was conducted, including documents of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), an agency of the U.S. Secretary of Labor, and of the U.S. Centers for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC), an agency of the U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services. Details of infection control and other risk mitigation measures were reviewed for consistency, overlaps and similarities, then clustered according to thematic areas covering all domains of managing a dental healthcare setting. The analysis revealed five distinct areas of pandemic control, comprising (1) planning and protocols, (2) patient screening, (3) preparation of facilities, (4) PPE and infection control, and (5) procedures and aerosol control; thereby covering systematically all aspects requiring adaptation in a pandemic context. The "Pandemic-5 Framework for COVID-19 Control in Dentistry" provides an opportunity to simplify comprehensive decision-making from a clinical practitioner perspective. The framework supports a comprehensive systems-driven approach by using dental clinics as a setting to integrate pandemic clinical responses with the implementation of appropriate infection control protocols. Traditionally these two aspects are addressed independently from each other in separate concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Benzian
- Department Epidemiology and Health Promotion, World Health Organization Collaborating Center Quality Improvement and Evidence-Based Dentistry, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, United States
- Global Health Center, Geneva Graduate Institute for Policy Studies, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eugenio Beltrán-Aguilar
- Department Epidemiology and Health Promotion, World Health Organization Collaborating Center Quality Improvement and Evidence-Based Dentistry, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Richard Niederman
- Department Epidemiology and Health Promotion, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, United States
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Pérez-Sayáns M, Ortega KL, Braz-Silva PH, Martín Carreras-Presas C, Blanco Carrión A. Can "COVID-19 tongue" be considered a pathognomonic finding in SARS-CoV-2 infection? Oral Dis 2021; 28 Suppl 2:2579-2580. [PMID: 33598990 PMCID: PMC8014841 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Pérez-Sayáns
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit (MedOralRes), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Karem L Ortega
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Braz-Silva
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Andrés Blanco Carrión
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit (MedOralRes), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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17
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Human Papilloma Virus: Current Knowledge and Focus on Oral Health. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6631757. [PMID: 33623784 PMCID: PMC7875628 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6631757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The human papilloma virus (HPV) is responsible for different pathological manifestations in humans. This agent gives rise to lesions of different types and in different areas of the organism, including the oral cavity. The aim of this study is to show which are the main diseases for which HPV is responsible and to bring to light some of the interceptive and therapeutic strategies. The analysis was conducted by consulting the major scientific databases with the aim of obtaining information on the characteristics of oral HPV and its management; furthermore, the literature was supported by some clinical cases proposed by the authors. The role of dentistry is essential in the early diagnosis of this type of pathologies and above all in knowing how to direct patients towards a path that can lead to patient management, especially in the event that these lesions have a malignant potential. Enhancing the knowledge and role of dentistry can lead to early diagnosis of this type of injury, intercepting a pathology that could have multiorgan implications.
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Beltrán-Aguilar E, Benzian H, Niederman R. Rational perspectives on risk and certainty for dentistry during the COVID-19 pandemic. Am J Infect Control 2021; 49:131-133. [PMID: 32534866 PMCID: PMC7290219 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Rocha BA, Souto GR, Grossmann SDMC, de Aguiar MCF, de Andrade BAB, Romañach MJ, Horta MCR. Viral enanthema in oral mucosa: A possible diagnostic challenge in the COVID-19 pandemic. Oral Dis 2020; 27 Suppl 3:776-778. [PMID: 32521564 PMCID: PMC7307059 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Breno Amaral Rocha
- Oral Pathology Section and Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais (PUC Minas), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Ribeiro Souto
- Oral Pathology Section and Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais (PUC Minas), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Soraya de Mattos Camargo Grossmann
- Oral Pathology Section and Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais (PUC Minas), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maria Cássia Ferreira de Aguiar
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Mário José Romañach
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Martinho Campolina Rebello Horta
- Oral Pathology Section and Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais (PUC Minas), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Martín Carreras-Presas C, Amaro Sánchez J, López-Sánchez AF, Jané-Salas E, Somacarrera Pérez ML. Oral vesiculobullous lesions associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Oral Dis 2020; 27 Suppl 3:710-712. [PMID: 32369674 PMCID: PMC7267423 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Enric Jané-Salas
- Dentistry Department, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
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21
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Milev MP, Yao X, Berthoux L, Mouland AJ. Impacts of virus-mediated manipulation of host Dynein. DYNEINS 2018. [PMCID: PMC7150161 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-809470-9.00010-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In general viruses' modus operandi to propagate is achieved by the co-opting host cell components, membranes, proteins, and machineries to their advantage. This is true for virtually every aspect of a virus' replication cycle from virus entry to the budding or release of progeny virus particles. In this chapter, we will discuss new information on the impacts of virus-mediated manipulation of Dynein motor complexes and associated machineries and factors. We will highlight how these host cell components impact on pathogenicity and immune responses, as many of the virus-mediated hijacked components also play pivotal roles in immune responses to pathogen insult. There are several comprehensive reviews that define virus–Dynein interactions including the first edition of this book that describes how viruses manipulate the host cell machineries their advantage. An updated table is included to summarize these virus–host interactions. Notably, barriers to intracellular translocation represent major hurdles to viral components during de novo infection and during active replication and the generation of progeny virus particles. Clearly, the subversion of host cell molecular motor protein activities takes advantage of constitutive and regulated membrane trafficking events and will target virus components to intracytoplasmic locales and membrane assembly. Broadening our understanding of the interplay between viruses, Dynein and the cytoskeleton will likely inform on new types of therapies. Continual enhancement of the breadth of new information on how viruses manipulate host cell biology will inevitably aid in the identification of new targets that can be poisoned to block old, new, and emerging viruses alike in their tracks.
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Abstract
As of January 2016, 1,633 laboratory-confirmed cases of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection and 587 MERS-related deaths have been reported by the World Health Organization globally. Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus may occur sporadically in communities or may be transmitted within families or hospitals. The number of confirmed MERS-CoV cases among healthcare workers has been increasing. Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus may also spread through aerosols generated during various dental treatments, resulting in transmission between patients and dentists. As MERS-CoV cases have also been reported among children, pediatric dentists are at risk of MERS-CoV infection. This review discusses MERS-CoV infection in children and healthcare workers, especially pediatric dentists, and considerations pertaining to pediatric dentistry. Although no cases of MERS-CoV transmission between a patient and a dentist have yet been reported, the risk of MERS-CoV transmission from an infected patient may be high due to the unique work environment of dentists (aerosol generation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fares S Al-Sehaibany
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail.
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Shi Q, Wang A, Lu Z, Qin C, Hu J, Yin J. Overview on the antiviral activities and mechanisms of marine polysaccharides from seaweeds. Carbohydr Res 2017; 453-454:1-9. [PMID: 29102716 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2017.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Marine polysaccharides are attracting increasing attention in medical and pharmaceutical development because of their important biological properties. The seaweed polysaccharides have now become a rich resource of potential antiviral drugs due to their antiviral activities against various viruses. The structural diversity and complexity of marine polysaccharides and their derivatives contribute to their antiviral activities in different phases of many different viral infection processes. This review mainly introduces the different types of seaweed polysaccharides and their derivatives with potent antiviral activities. Moreover, the antiviral mechanisms and medical applications of certain marine polysaccharides from seaweeds are also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qimin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue1800, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Anjian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue1800, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhonghua Lu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue1800, Wuxi 214122, China; Wuxi No.5 People's Hospital, Xingyuan Rd. 88, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Chunjun Qin
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue1800, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue 1800, 214122, Wuxi, China.
| | - Jian Yin
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue1800, Wuxi 214122, China.
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24
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Oral medicine (stomatology) across the globe: birth, growth, and future. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2016; 121:149-157.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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25
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Giagkou E, Christodoulou DK, Katsanos KH. Mouth cancer in inflammatory bowel diseases. Oral Dis 2016; 22:260-4. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Giagkou
- Division of Gastroenterology; School of Health Sciences; University of Ioannina; Ioannina Greece
| | - DK Christodoulou
- Division of Gastroenterology; School of Health Sciences; University of Ioannina; Ioannina Greece
| | - KH Katsanos
- Division of Gastroenterology; School of Health Sciences; University of Ioannina; Ioannina Greece
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26
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Limeres J, Diniz M, Diz P. In practice: Glove wearing: new circumstances and many unknowns. Br Dent J 2015; 219:369. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2015.793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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Scully C, Samaranayake LP. Emerging and changing viral diseases in the new millennium. Oral Dis 2015; 22:171-9. [PMID: 26179810 PMCID: PMC7167660 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Most viral infections encountered in resource‐rich countries are relatively trivial and transient with perhaps fever, malaise, myalgia, rash (exanthema) and sometimes mucosal manifestations (enanthema), including oral in some. However, the apparent benignity may be illusory as some viral infections have unexpected consequences – such as the oncogenicity of some herpesviruses and human papillomaviruses. Infections are transmitted from various human or animal vectors, especially by close proximity, and the increasing movements of peoples across the globe, mean that infections hitherto confined largely to the tropics now appear worldwide. Global warming also increases the range of movement of vectors such as mosquitoes. Thus recent decades have seen a most dramatic change with the emergence globally also of new viral infections – notably human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) – and the appearance of some other dangerous and sometimes lethal infections formerly seen mainly in, and reported from, resource‐poor areas especially in parts of Asia, Latin America and Africa. This study offers a brief update of the most salient new aspects of the important viral infections, especially those with known orofacial manifestations or other implications for oral health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Scully
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Oral Health-General Health, London.,UCL, London, UK
| | - L P Samaranayake
- Oral Microbiomics and Infection, School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
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