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Mauramo M, Uutela P, Sorsa T, Tervahartiala T, Bornstein MM, Waltimo T. Oral active matrix metalloproteinase-8 immunotest may be less accurate in haemato-oncologic patients. Oral Dis 2024; 30:624-630. [PMID: 35925017 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examines the associations of active matrix metalloproteinase-8 (aMMP-8) point-of-care immunotest (Periosafe) outcomes with oral health of patients with haemato-oncologic diseases. METHODS Adult patients diagnosed with haematological diseases aimed to be treated with haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) between 2018 and 2019 were included in the study. Clinical and radiological dental examination were taken immediately prior to transplantation. The presence of oral foci of infections, caries or periodontitis was examined and compared with the outcomes of aMMP-8 immunotest. RESULTS Acute oral infection foci were present in 11.9%, chronic in 44.1% and periodontitis in 42.0% of the 143 subjects. aMMP-8 immunotest was positive in 13.3% of all the 143 subjects. Among subjects with periodontitis (n = 60), the aMMP-8 immunotest was also positive in 13.3% of these subjects. However, the subjects with positive aMMP-8 immunotest (n = 19) had more often acute or chronic infection foci and more than one of the examined dental treatment needs compared with subjects with negative immunotest (all p < 0.05). There were no differences in age, sex, hyposalivation, DMFT-index values nor with plasma levels of leukocytes, neutrophils or C-reactive protein between subjects with positive or negative aMMP-8 immunotest. CONCLUSIONS aMMP-8 immunotest accuracy might be reduced, in relation to periodontitis, in haemato-oncologic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matti Mauramo
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department for Oral Health & Medicine, UZB University Centre for Dental Medicine Basel UZB, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pauliina Uutela
- Department for Oral Health & Medicine, UZB University Centre for Dental Medicine Basel UZB, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Timo Sorsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Institute of Dentistry, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Oral Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Taina Tervahartiala
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Institute of Dentistry, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michael M Bornstein
- Department for Oral Health & Medicine, UZB University Centre for Dental Medicine Basel UZB, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tuomas Waltimo
- Department for Oral Health & Medicine, UZB University Centre for Dental Medicine Basel UZB, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Zalewska EA, Ławicka R, Grygorczuk P, Nowosielska M, Kicman A, Ławicki S. Importance of Metalloproteinase 8 (MMP-8) in the Diagnosis of Periodontitis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2721. [PMID: 38473967 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a complex condition. Left untreated, it leads to tooth loss and the need for prosthetic treatment. The incidence of periodontitis is steadily increasing, so new methods are being sought to aid in the diagnosis of the disease. Among the methods postulated is the determination of concentrations of bioactive compounds which include extracellular matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). These enzymes are present in various structural elements of the stomatognathic system. The most promising enzyme of this group appears to be metalloproteinase 8 (MMP-8). MMP-8 assays are performed in gingival fluid or saliva, and MMP-8 levels have been shown to be higher in patients with periodontitis compared to healthy subjects and correlated with some clinical parameters of the condition and the severity of the disease. In addition, the preliminary usefulness of this enzyme in evaluating the effectiveness of periodontal treatment and doxycycline therapy has been demonstrated. Determination of the active form of MMP-8 (aMMP-8) in oral rinse fluid using off-the-shelf assays shows the highest potential. Despite reports about aMMP-8 and promising data on the role of MMP-8 in periodontal diagnosis, a clear determination of the usefulness of this enzyme requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renata Ławicka
- The "Karedent" Dental Clinic, Bukowskiego 1/u3, 15-006 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Piotr Grygorczuk
- The "Karedent" Dental Clinic, Bukowskiego 1/u3, 15-006 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Magdalena Nowosielska
- Department of Gerostomatology, Medical University of Białystok, Akademicka 3, 15-267 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kicman
- Department of Aesthetic Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Akademicka 3, 15-267 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Sławomir Ławicki
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Białystok, Waszyngtona 13a, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
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Ustianowska K, Ustianowski Ł, Bakinowska E, Kiełbowski K, Szostak J, Murawka M, Szostak B, Pawlik A. The Genetic Aspects of Periodontitis Pathogenesis and the Regenerative Properties of Stem Cells. Cells 2024; 13:117. [PMID: 38247810 PMCID: PMC10814055 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis (PD) is a prevalent and chronic inflammatory disease with a complex pathogenesis, and it is associated with the presence of specific pathogens, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis. Dysbiosis and dysregulated immune responses ultimately lead to chronic inflammation as well as tooth and alveolar bone loss. Multiple studies have demonstrated that genetic polymorphisms may increase the susceptibility to PD. Furthermore, gene expression is modulated by various epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, or the activity of non-coding RNA. These processes can also be induced by PD-associated pathogens. In this review, we try to summarize the genetic processes that are implicated in the pathogenesis of PD. Furthermore, we discuss the use of these mechanisms in diagnosis and therapeutic purposes. Importantly, novel treatment methods that could promote tissue regeneration are greatly needed in PD. In this paper, we also demonstrate current evidence on the potential use of stem cells and extracellular vesicles to stimulate tissue regeneration and suppress inflammation. The understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of PD, as well as the impact of PD-associated bacteria and stem cells in these processes, may enhance future research and ultimately improve long-term treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Ustianowska
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.U.); (Ł.U.); (E.B.); (K.K.); (M.M.); (B.S.)
| | - Łukasz Ustianowski
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.U.); (Ł.U.); (E.B.); (K.K.); (M.M.); (B.S.)
| | - Estera Bakinowska
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.U.); (Ł.U.); (E.B.); (K.K.); (M.M.); (B.S.)
| | - Kajetan Kiełbowski
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.U.); (Ł.U.); (E.B.); (K.K.); (M.M.); (B.S.)
| | - Joanna Szostak
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Martyna Murawka
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.U.); (Ł.U.); (E.B.); (K.K.); (M.M.); (B.S.)
| | - Bartosz Szostak
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.U.); (Ł.U.); (E.B.); (K.K.); (M.M.); (B.S.)
| | - Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.U.); (Ł.U.); (E.B.); (K.K.); (M.M.); (B.S.)
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Ko YC, Lee J, Lee D, Seol YJ, Lee YM, Koo KT. Diagnostic performance of a point-of-care test device for periodontitis using human saliva: a single-center, single-blinded, confirmatory study. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 28:27. [PMID: 38147192 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05443-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recently, matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) has been used to diagnose periodontal disease in a point-of-care (POC) test in order to save time and cost relative to the traditional diagnostic workflow. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic performance of INCLIX TRF MMP-8, a POC testing device for periodontitis using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values. MATERIALS AND METHODS Full-mouth periodontal examination and radiographic analysis were used for evaluating periodontal condition based on the 2018 classification of periodontal disease. A dichotomous diagnosis of clinical periodontal condition was performed using the POC device. The relationships among periodontal condition and the concentration of MMP-8, tooth loss (TL), gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), and alveolar bone loss (ABL) were assessed by the Spearman rank correlations (rs). RESULTS In all, 108 cases of non-periodontitis (NP) and 191 cases of periodontitis (P), including 38 cases of periodontitis stage I, 42 cases of periodontitis stage II, 99 cases of periodontitis stage III, and 11 cases of periodontitis stage IV, were enrolled in this study. Diagnostic accuracy in assessing periodontal condition with the POC device improved when it was used with participants aged ≥ 40 years. There were weak positive correlations between periodontal condition and MMP-8 and between periodontal condition and GI (rs2 = 0.1124 and rs2 = 0.0906, respectively), whereas a strong positive correlation between periodontal condition and alveolar bone loss (rs2 = 0.6877) was observed. CONCLUSION The POC device investigated in this study is a potential tool to distinguish between NP and P in individuals ≥ 40 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Chang Ko
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungwon Lee
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- One-Stop Specialty Center, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dongseob Lee
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- National Dental Care Center for Persons with Special Needs, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang-Jo Seol
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Moo Lee
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Tae Koo
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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Do HT, Nguyen TT, Vo TL, Huynh NCN, Nguyen AT. The influence of smoking on oral neutrophils and matrix metalloproteinase-8 in periodontitis patients before and after nonsurgical treatment. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2023; 13:442-447. [PMID: 37215391 PMCID: PMC10193004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate and compare the oral neutrophil numbers (ONN) in saliva, the level of matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and the periodontal parameters in smokers versus non-smokers with periodontitis, before and after nonsurgical periodontal treatment (NSPT). Materials and method 40 chronic periodontitis patients including 20 smokers and 20 non-smokers were enrolled in this quasi-experimental study. All patients were received the NSPT included instructing oral hygiene, scaling and root planing. At baseline (T0) and after NSPT 1 month (T1) and 3 months (T3), all patients were assessed for salivary ONN, GCF MMP-8, and clinical parameters like plaque index (PlI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL). The differences between the two groups were analyzed using the independent sample t-test and the Mann-Whitney U test; and the differences between T0, T1 and T3 of each group were analyzed with paired-samples t-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The level of significance was set at 0.05. Results The ONN was significantly less in smokers than in non-smokers although there was no significant difference in other parameters between the two groups at baseline (p > 0.05). All clinical periodontal parameters reduced significantly after 1 month and 3 months of NSPT in both groups (p < 0.01). PPD of non-smokers was significantly lower than those of smokers at T1 and T3. ONN and MMP-8 level showed a significant decrease in non-smoking subjects, while there was no significant difference in smoking ones after NSPT (T1 and T3). At 1 month after treatment, ONN tended to reduce in non-smokers whereas to increase in smokers significantly. Conclusion Smoking reduced ONN, impaired treatment effect in reducing PPD, and changed the MMP-8 level in gingival crevicular fluid to NSPT. Trial registration Identifier NCT04974502 in CLinicalTrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang T. Do
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odonto-stomatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Thuy T. Nguyen
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odonto-stomatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Thuy L. Vo
- Department of Implantology, Faculty of Odonto-stomatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Nam C-N. Huynh
- Department of Dental Basic Sciences, Faculty of Odonto-Stomatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Anh T.K. Nguyen
- Department of Dental Basic Sciences, Faculty of Odonto-Stomatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
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Arponen H, Waltimo-Sirén J, Hauta-Alus HH, Tuhkiainen M, Sorsa T, Tervahartiala T, Andersson S, Mäkitie O, Holmlund-Suila E. Effects of a 2-Year Early Childhood Vitamin D3 Intervention on Tooth Enamel and Oral Health at Age 6-7 Years. Horm Res Paediatr 2022; 96:385-394. [PMID: 36473453 DOI: 10.1159/000528536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of the study was to compare the effects of a 30 µg/day versus 10 µg/day vitamin D supplementation, given during the two first years of life, on oral health at the age of six to 7 years. METHODS In 2013-2016, we conducted a randomized, double-blinded, clinical trial from age 2 weeks to 2 years of daily vitamin D3 supplementation (10 vs. 30 µg), including 975 healthy infants. For the present follow-up study at age 6-7 years, a sample of 123 children underwent oral examination by investigators blinded to the intervention group. Tooth enamel defect and caries findings, oral rinse active matrix metalloproteinase-8 levels, and tooth eruption were recorded. The intervention groups were compared with χ2 and Mann-Whitney U tests. Associations of the oral health outcomes were evaluated with correlation analysis and logistic regression. RESULTS Of the children (median age 7.4 years, 51% boys), 56% belonged to the 30 µg intervention group. Developmental defect of enamel (DDE) was found in 39% of the children in the 10 µg intervention group and in 53% of the 30 µg group (p = 0.104). In total, 94% of children were vitamin D sufficient (25[OH]D ≥50 nmol/L) and 88% had caries-free teeth. No associations were found between vitamin D intervention group in infancy and oral health or the presence of DDE. CONCLUSION Daily supplementation with 10 µg vitamin D3 in the Northern Hemisphere seems adequate in healthy children younger than 2 years in ensuring good oral health at early school age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Arponen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Janna Waltimo-Sirén
- Division of Welfare, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku and City of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Helena H Hauta-Alus
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Population Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
- PEDEGO Research Unit, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mikaela Tuhkiainen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Sorsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Oral Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Taina Tervahartiala
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sture Andersson
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisa Holmlund-Suila
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Next-Generation Examination, Diagnosis, and Personalized Medicine in Periodontal Disease. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12101743. [PMID: 36294882 PMCID: PMC9605396 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12101743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease, a major cause of tooth loss, is an infectious disease caused by bacteria with the additional aspect of being a noncommunicable disease closely related to lifestyle. Tissue destruction based on chronic inflammation is influenced by host and environmental factors. The treatment of periodontal disease varies according to the condition of each individual patient. Although guidelines provide standardized treatment, optimization is difficult because of the wide range of treatment options and variations in the ideas and skills of the treating practitioner. The new medical concepts of “precision medicine” and “personalized medicine” can provide more predictive treatment than conventional methods by stratifying patients in detail and prescribing treatment methods accordingly. This requires a new diagnostic system that integrates information on individual patient backgrounds (biomarkers, genetics, environment, and lifestyle) with conventional medical examination information. Currently, various biomarkers and other new examination indices are being investigated, and studies on periodontal disease-related genes and the complexity of oral bacteria are underway. This review discusses the possibilities and future challenges of precision periodontics and describes the new generation of laboratory methods and advanced periodontal disease treatment approaches as the basis for this new field.
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Saliva changes in composition associated to COVID-19: a preliminary study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10879. [PMID: 35760827 PMCID: PMC9237082 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14830-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV 2), is usually associated with a wide variety of clinical presentations from asymptomatic to severe cases. The use of saliva as a diagnostic and monitoring fluid has gained importance since it can be used to investigate the immune response and to direct quantification of antibodies against COVID-19. Additionally, the use of proteomics in saliva has allowed to increase our understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of diseases, bringing new perspectives on diagnostics, monitoring, and treatment. In this work, we compared the salivary proteome of 10 patients with COVID-19, (five patients with mild and five patients with severe COVID-19) and ten control healthy patients. Through the application of proteomics, we have identified 30 proteins whose abundance levels differed between the COVID-19 groups and the control group. Two of these proteins (TGM3 and carbonic anhydrase-CA6) were validated by the measurement of gGT and TEA respectively, in 98 additional saliva samples separated into two groups: (1) COVID-19 group, integrated by 66 patients who tested positive for COVID-19 (2) control group, composed of 32 healthy individuals who did not show any sign of disease for at least four weeks and were negative for COVID-19 in RT-PCR. In the proteomic study there were observed upregulations in CAZA1, ACTN4, and ANXA4, which are proteins related to the protective response against the virus disturbance, and the upregulation of TGM3, that is correlated to the oxidative damage in pulmonary tissue. We also showed the downregulation in cystatins and CA6 that can be involved in the sensory response to stimulus and possibly related to the presence of anosmia and dysgeusia during the COVID-19. Additionally, the presence of FGB in patients with severe COVID-19 but not in mild COVID-19 patients could indicate a higher viral aggregation and activation in these cases. In conclusion, the salivary proteome in patients with COVID-19 showed changes in proteins related to the protective response to viral infection, and the altered sensory taste perception that occur during the disease. Moreover, gGT and TEA could be potential biomarkers of respiratory complications that can occurs during COVID 19 although further larger studies should be made to corroborate this.
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Salivary Biomarkers in Periodontitis Patients: A Pilot Study. Int J Dent 2022; 2022:3664516. [PMID: 35368315 PMCID: PMC8970949 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3664516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective. Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory condition, involving the destruction of both soft and hard tissues in the periodontal region. Advances in diagnostic research are moving toward methods whereby the periodontal risk can be identified and quantified by objective measures using specific inflammatory markers that can be correlated to the severity of the disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate salivary concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, MMP-8, and IL-10 in healthy and periodontitis patients and to assess the association between these biomarkers levels and clinical parameters in a Moroccan population. Materials and Methods. Forty subjects were included: 10 periodontally healthy subjects and 30 periodontitis patients. Periodontal examination and saliva sampling were performed in all patients. Levels of salivary cytokines including IL-1β, IL-6, MMP-8, and IL-10 were evaluated by a sandwich ELISA test kit. Data were analyzed by SPSS for Windows. Results. Regarding individual biomarkers, IL-1β, IL-6, and MMP-8 levels were significantly higher in periodontitis patients (
,
, respectively). The concentration of these proteins in saliva showed a significant association with gingival index and pocket depth measurements and may reflect the clinical status of healthy and diseased periodontium. However, no significant differences were observed for the IL-10 component. Conclusion. IL-1β and IL-6 concentrations were statistically higher in periodontitis patients and may be used as potential tools in periodontitis diagnosis.
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Reijonen P, Peltonen R, Tervahartiala T, Sorsa T, Isoniemi H. Serum Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 and Myeloperoxidase Predict Survival after Resection of Colorectal Liver Metastases. Oncology 2021; 99:766-779. [PMID: 34571507 DOI: 10.1159/000518955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been extensively studied in several malignancies, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a promising new prognostic biomarker. We investigated the prognostic value of MMP-8, MMP-9, and MPO, as well as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), CA19-9, and C-reactive protein (CRP) in colorectal cancer with operable liver metastases. METHODS This study included 419 patients who underwent liver resection for colorectal metastases at the Helsinki University Hospital between 2000 and 2013. Serum samples were drawn before and 3 months after liver resection. We evaluated associations of MMP-8, MMP-9, MPO, CRP, CEA, and CA19-9 concentrations to disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) using the Cox proportional hazards model and Kaplan-Meier log-rank method. RESULTS In univariate Cox regression analyses, pre- and postoperatively high MMP-8 (HR 1.53, 95% CI: 1.07-2.19, p = 0.021 and HR 1.45, 95% CI: 1.01-2.09, p = 0.044, respectively) associated with worse 10-year OS. Postoperatively high MPO indicated better 5-year DFS (HR 0.70, 95% CI: 0.54-0.90, p = 0.007). Elevated pre- and postoperative CEA and CA19-9 as well as postoperative CRP indicated impaired survival. CONCLUSIONS Pre- and postoperatively high MMP-8 associates with worse 10-year OS, and postoperatively high MPO associates with better 5-year DFS. CEA, CA19-9, and CRP are also prognostic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauliina Reijonen
- Transplantation and Liver Surgery, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Reetta Peltonen
- Transplantation and Liver Surgery, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taina Tervahartiala
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Sorsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Helena Isoniemi
- Transplantation and Liver Surgery, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Medicine Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Frasheri I, Heym R, Ern C, Summer B, Hennessen TG, Högg C, Reichl FX, Folwaczny M. Salivary and gingival CXCL8 correlation with periodontal status, periodontal pathogens and smoking. Oral Dis 2021; 28:2267-2276. [PMID: 34388304 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Neutrophil granulocytes have been proposed to play a major role in the mediation of periodontitis-associated tissue destruction. Their recruitment and activation are regulated by the chemokine CXCL8. This study aimed to delineate the dependency of CXCL8-expression in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and saliva on periodontal status, bacterial infection and smoking, in patients with periodontitis. METHODS The study cohort comprised 279 subjects with untreated periodontitis. Probing pocket depth (PPD), gingival recession, bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque index, and bone loss were evaluated. CXCL8 was determined in saliva and GCF using flow cytometry. RESULTS Considering the entire study sample, CXCL8 levels were correlated with the mean PPD (ρ=0.131; p=0.029), severity of periodontitis (ρ=0.121; p=0.043), BOP (ρ=0.204; p=0.001) and smoking (ρ=-0.219; p<0.0001) in GCF; and, in whole saliva, with mean PPD (ρ=0.154; p=0.010) severity of periodontitis (ρ=0.140; p=0.020), gender (ρ=0.178; p=0.003) and smoking (ρ=-0.156; p=0.010). Subgroup analysis among non-smokers revealed significantly higher amounts of CXCL8 in GCF (p=0.012) and saliva (p=0.026) comparing subjects with mean PPD ≤3mm and >3mm. CONCLUSION The current study revealed a strong dependency of CXCL8-expression in GCF on the severity and activity of periodontal disease. Smoking causes a significant reduction of CXCL8-expression in saliva and GCF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Frasheri
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Richard Heym
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Ern
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Burkhard Summer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Till G Hennessen
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Christof Högg
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Franz-Xaver Reichl
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany.,Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Folwaczny
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
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12
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Taalab MR, Mahmoud SA, Moslemany RME, Abdelaziz DM. Intrapocket application of tea tree oil gel in the treatment of stage 2 periodontitis. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:239. [PMID: 33952216 PMCID: PMC8101226 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01588-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The gold standard in treatment of periodontitis is mechanical removing of dental biofilm but using local delivery drugs as adjunctive to SRP is widely used to modulate inflammatory host and eradicate microbes. Tea tree oil (TTO) has a broad-spectrum antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antiviral, antioxidant effect. This study aimed to assess clinically and biochemically the effect of intrapocket application of TTO (Melaleuca alternifolia) gel adjunctive to scaling and root planing (SRP) in the treatment of stage 2 (moderate) periodontitis and to correlate the biochemical levels with clinical response. Methods A randomized, controlled clinical trial was conducted on thirty patients with stage 2 periodontitis. Patients were equally divided into two groups: Control Group treated with (SRP) alone and Test Group treated with SRP and locally delivered 5% TTO gel. Clinical assessment included pocket probing depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), gingival index (GI) and bleeding on probing (BOP) measured at baseline and after 3 and 6 months. The level of matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was also assessed at baseline and after1, 3 and 6 months by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Chi-square, Student t- tests, Mann–Whitney U test and Spearman correlation were the statistical tests used in the study. Results An improvement of all clinical and biochemical parameters was observed (at p < 0.001) in both groups. A significant difference between the two groups was found in both clinical and biochemical parameters. Conclusion The local delivery of TTO gel adjunctive to SRP proved to be effective in the treatment of stage II periodontitis. Trial registration The study was retrospectively registered at clinicaltrials.gov NCT04769271, on 24/2/2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha R Taalab
- Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology, Oral Diagnosis and Oral Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Champolion St. Azarita, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt.
| | - Sabah Abdelhady Mahmoud
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Riham M El Moslemany
- Department of Pharmaceutics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Dania M Abdelaziz
- Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology, Oral Diagnosis and Oral Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Champolion St. Azarita, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt
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13
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Zhang Y, Kuang W, Li D, Li Y, Feng Y, Lyu X, Huang GB, Lian JQ, Yang XF, Hu C, Xie Y, Xue S, Tan J. Natural Killer-Like B Cells Secreting Interleukin-18 Induces a Proinflammatory Response in Periodontitis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:641562. [PMID: 33679805 PMCID: PMC7930384 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.641562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer-like B (NKB) cells, which are newly identified immune subsets, reveal a critical immunoregulatory property in the eradication of microbial infection via the secretion of interleukin (IL)-18. For the first time, this study investigated the role of NKB cells in secreting IL-18 in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. In this study, NKB cells' percentage and IL-18 concentration in peripheral blood and periodontium in periodontitis patients was measured using flow cytometry and ELISA. The role of IL-18 in regulating periodontal inflammation was examined in a Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis)-induced periodontitis murine model. Peripheral and periodontal-infiltrating CD3-CD19+NKp46+ NKB cells, which were the main source of IL-18, were elevated and correlated with attachment loss in periodontitis patients. In vitro IL-18 stimulation promoted proinflammatory cytokine production in periodontal ligament cells. P. gingivalis infection induced elevation of IL-18 receptor in periodontium in a periodontitis murine model. IL-18 neutralization not only suppressed P. gingivalis-induced alveolar bone resorption, but also inhibited recruitment of antigen-non-specific inflammatory cells into the periodontium, probably via dampening expressions of cytokines, chemokines, and matrix metalloproteinases. NKB cells secreting IL-18 appeared to be an important mediator in the inflammatory response following intraoral P. gingivalis infection. These findings might be relevant to the development of immunotherapies for periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Kuang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danfeng Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Feng
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinwei Lyu
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gao-Bo Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian-Qi Lian
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Cheng Hu
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yajuan Xie
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Song Xue
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiali Tan
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Öztürk VÖ, Emingil G, Umeizudike K, Tervahartiala T, Gieselmann DR, Maier K, Köse T, Sorsa T, Alassiri S. Evaluation of active matrix metalloproteinase-8 (aMMP-8) chair-side test as a diagnostic biomarker in the staging of periodontal diseases. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 124:104955. [PMID: 33556789 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is a need for a reliable complementary diagnostic tool that ideally helps to screen, differentiate sites, activities of and predict future periodontal tissue destruction. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the screening and prevention potential of the chair-side/point-of-care (PoC) diagnostic test of salivary active matrix metalloproteinase-8 (aMMP-8) levels at different stages of periodontal disease and periodontal health. MATERIAL & METHODS 80 individuals were included in this study; 18 with periodontitis stage 3 (P-Stage III), 19 with periodontitis stage-4 (P-Stage IV), 21 with gingivitis, and 22 with clinically healthy periodontium (H). The aMMP-8 levels in GCF and saliva were analyzed by chairside point-of-care aMMP-8 lateral flow immunotest and also by a time-resolved immunofluorescence assay (IFMA). RESULTS The sensitivity of the chair-side/PoC test was 83.9 % while specificity was 79.2 %. The aMMP-8 IFMA levels in GCF were significantly higher in P-Stage IV group than P-Stage III, gingivitis and healthy groups (p = 0.01, p = 0.001, p = 0.00, respectively). Moreover, P-Stage III and gingivitis groups had significantly higher aMMP-8 IFMA levels than the healthy group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The aMMP-8 chair-side test showed promising results in its ability to recognize and predict the inflammatory status even at the very initial/early stages. aMMP-8 chair-side test could be a valuable adjunctive diagnostic and preventive tool to conventional clinical methods in detecting periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Özgen Öztürk
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey.
| | - Gülnur Emingil
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Kehinde Umeizudike
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Taina Tervahartiala
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Institute of Dentistry, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dirk-Rolf Gieselmann
- Institute of Molecular Dentistry and Dentognostics GmbH, Solingen and Jena, Germany
| | - Kurt Maier
- Institute of Molecular Dentistry and Dentognostics GmbH, Solingen and Jena, Germany
| | - Timur Köse
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, School of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Timo Sorsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Institute of Dentistry, Helsinki, Finland; Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinksa Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Saeed Alassiri
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Institute of Dentistry, Helsinki, Finland
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15
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Proff P, Schröder A, Seyler L, Wolf F, Korkmaz Y, Bäuerle T, Gölz L, Kirschneck C. Local Vascularization during Orthodontic Tooth Movement in a Split Mouth Rat Model-A MRI Study. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8120632. [PMID: 33352746 PMCID: PMC7766506 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthodontic tooth movement to therapeutically align malpositioned teeth is supposed to impact blood flow in the surrounding tissues. Here, we evaluated actual vascularization in the tension area of the periodontal ligament during experimental tooth movement in rats (N = 8) with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We inserted an elastic band between the left upper first and the second rat molar; the right side was not treated and served as control. After four days of tooth movement, we recorded T1-weighted morphologic and dynamic-contrast-enhanced MRI sequences with an animal-specific 7 Tesla MRI to assess of local vascularization. Furthermore, we quantified osteoclasts and monocytes in the periodontal ligament, which are crucial for orthodontic tooth movement, root resorptions as undesirable side effects, as well as the extent of tooth movement using paraffine histology and micro-CT analysis. Data were tested for normal distribution with Shapiro–Wilk tests followed by either a two-tailed paired t-test or a Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test. Significant orthodontic tooth movement was induced within the four days of treatment, as evidenced by increased osteoclast and monocyte activity in the periodontal ligament as well as by µCT analysis. Contrast enhancement was increased at the orthodontically-treated side distally of the moved upper first left molar, indicating increased vascularization at the tension side of the periodontal ligament. Accordingly, we detected reduced time-to-peak and washout rates. Our study using MRI to directly assess local vascularization thus seems to confirm the hypothesis that perfusion is enhanced in tension zones of the periodontal ligament during orthodontic tooth movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Proff
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (A.S.); (F.W.); (C.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-941-944-6093
| | - Agnes Schröder
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (A.S.); (F.W.); (C.K.)
| | - Lisa Seyler
- Department of Radiology, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (L.S.); (T.B.)
| | - Franziska Wolf
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (A.S.); (F.W.); (C.K.)
| | - Yüksel Korkmaz
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University of Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Tobias Bäuerle
- Department of Radiology, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (L.S.); (T.B.)
| | - Lina Gölz
- Department of Orthodontics, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Christian Kirschneck
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (A.S.); (F.W.); (C.K.)
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16
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Miller CS, Ding X, Dawson DR, Ebersole JL. Salivary biomarkers for discriminating periodontitis in the presence of diabetes. J Clin Periodontol 2020; 48:216-225. [PMID: 33098098 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM Salivary biomarkers can help in assessment of periodontitis; however, concentrations may be altered in the presence of diabetes. Hence, the ability of salivary biomarkers to discriminate periodontally healthy type II diabetics (T2DM) from T2DM who have periodontitis was examined. METHODS Ninety-two participants (29 with T2DM with chronic periodontitis, DWP; 32 T2DM without chronic periodontitis, DWoP; and 31 Not Periodontitis, NP) provided saliva and clinical parameters of periodontal health were recorded. Salivary concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α), adiponectin and resistin were measured by immunoassay. RESULTS Salivary analyte concentrations for IL-1β, MMP-8 and resistin correlated with clinical parameters of periodontitis, with MMP-8 demonstrating the strongest positive correlation with PD ≥5 mm (p < 0.0001). Periodontal health was reflected in salivary analyte concentrations by group, with concentrations of IL-1β and MMP-8 showing significant associations with periodontitis (p ≤ 0.04) that increased in concentration from health to DWoP to DWP. Odds ratio (OR) analyses showed that MMP-8 discriminated periodontitis from NP (OR of 8.12; 95% CI: 1.01-65.33; p = 0.03) and in the presence of T2DM (DWP vs DWoP, OR = 5.09; 95% CI: 1.24-20.92; p = 0.03). CONCLUSION Salivary MMP-8 and IL-1β discriminate periodontitis in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig S Miller
- Department of Oral Health Practice, Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Xiuhua Ding
- Department of Public Health, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY, USA
| | - Dolph R Dawson
- Department of Oral Health Practice, Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Ebersole
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA
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17
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Gul SS, Abdulkareem AA, Sha AM, Rawlinson A. Diagnostic Accuracy of Oral Fluids Biomarker Profile to Determine the Current and Future Status of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10100838. [PMID: 33081038 PMCID: PMC7603129 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10100838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe periodontitis is ranked as the sixth most prevalent disease affecting humankind, with an estimated 740 million people affected worldwide. The diagnosis of periodontal diseases mainly relies upon assessment of conventional clinical parameters. However, these parameters reflect past, rather than current, clinical status or future disease progression and, likely, outcome of periodontal treatment. Specific and sensitive biomarkers for periodontal diseases have been examined widely to address these issues and some biomarkers have been translated as point-of-care (PoC) tests. The aim of this review was to provide an update on PoC tests for use in the diagnosis and management of periodontal diseases. Among the PoC tests developed so far, active matrix metalloproteinase-8 has shown promising results in terms of diagnostic and prognostic values. However, further studies are required to increase the sensitivity and specificity via combining more than one biomarker and merging these test kits with periodontal risk assessment tools. Furthermore, the validity of these test kits needs to be investigated by applying the results in further independent studies and the impact on these test kits’, together with the results of risk factors for periodontal diseases, such as diabetes and smoking, also needs to be examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarhang S. Gul
- College of Dentistry, Periodontics Department, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah 1124–30, Iraq;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +964-7701-447-723
| | - Ali A. Abdulkareem
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad 10011, Iraq;
| | - Aram M. Sha
- College of Dentistry, Periodontics Department, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah 1124–30, Iraq;
| | - Andrew Rawlinson
- Academic Unit of Restorative Dentistry, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK;
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18
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Diagnostic Models for Screening of Periodontitis with Inflammatory Mediators and Microbial Profiles in Saliva. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10100820. [PMID: 33066545 PMCID: PMC7602207 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10100820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate and assess salivary biomarkers and microbial profiles as a means of diagnosing periodontitis. A total of 121 subjects were included: 28 periodontally healthy subjects, 24 with Stage I periodontitis, 24 with Stage II, 23 with Stage III, and 22 with Stage IV. Salivary proteins (including active matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), pro-MMP-8, total MMP-8, C-reactive protein, secretory immunoglobulin A) and planktonic bacteria (including Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas nigrescens, Parvimonas micra, Campylobacter rectus, Eubacterium nodatum, Eikenella corrodens, Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Actinomyces viscosus) were measured from salivary samples. The performance of the diagnostic models was assessed by receiver operating characteristics (ROCs) and area under the ROC curve (AUC) analysis. The diagnostic models were constructed based on the subjects’ proteins and/or microbial profiles, resulting in two potential diagnosis models that achieved better diagnostic powers, with an AUC value > 0.750 for the diagnosis of Stages II, III, and IV periodontitis (Model PA-I; AUC: 0.796, sensitivity: 0.754, specificity: 0.712) and for the diagnosis of Stages III and IV periodontitis (Model PA-II; AUC: 0.796, sensitivity: 0.756, specificity: 0.868). This study can contribute to screening for periodontitis based on salivary biomarkers.
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19
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Peltonen R, Hagström J, Tervahartiala T, Sorsa T, Haglund C, Isoniemi H. High Expression of MMP-9 in Primary Tumors and High Preoperative MPO in Serum Predict Improved Prognosis in Colorectal Cancer with Operable Liver Metastases. Oncology 2020; 99:144-160. [PMID: 33027796 DOI: 10.1159/000510609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The liver metastases of colorectal cancer (CRC) can be surgically treated in selected cases, with continuously improving results. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) contribute to cancer invasion by degrading the extracellular matrix, and elevated levels of MMP-2, MMP-8, and MMP-9 have been detected in several malignancies. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a mediator of tissue damage that can oxidatively activate latent MMPs. We evaluated the prognostic value of MMP-2, MMP-8, and MMP-9 in tissue samples of primary tumors and liver metastases and the pre- and postoperative serum levels of MMP-8, MMP-9, and MPO in CRC patients undergoing liver resection. METHODS Tissue and serum samples were obtained from 111 patients who had primary colorectal tumors and their liver metastases surgically treated at the Helsinki University Hospital between 1988 and 2007. Tissue expression of MMP-2, MMP-8, and MMP-9 in primary tumors and liver metastases was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Pre- and postoperative serum concentrations of MMP-8, MMP-9, and MPO were determined using a time-resolved immunofluorometric assay or commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Clinical data were retrieved from patient records and the Central Statistical Office of Finland. Associations with disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated using Cox regression analysis and the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS High expression of MMP-9 in colorectal tumor tissue was associated with better DFS (p = 0.010), and high preoperative MPO in serum with improved DFS and OS (p < 0.001 and p = 0.014, respectively). The prognostic significance varied according to gender, age, and the synchronicity of liver metastases. CONCLUSION Low preoperative MPO in serum might identify patients at high risk of recurrence and death after resection of colorectal liver metastases. Elevated preoperative MPO and high expression of MMP-9 in colorectal tumor tissue indicate an improved prognosis. The use of these biomarkers should be adjusted according to clinical characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reetta Peltonen
- Transplantation and Liver Surgery, Abdominal Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland,
| | - Jaana Hagström
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Medicine Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taina Tervahartiala
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital and Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Sorsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital and Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Oral Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Caj Haglund
- Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Medicine Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Helena Isoniemi
- Transplantation and Liver Surgery, Abdominal Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Medicine Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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20
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Inonu E, Hakki SS, Kayis SA, Nielsen FH. The Association Between Some Macro and Trace Elements in Saliva and Periodontal Status. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 197:35-42. [PMID: 31848920 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01977-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Changes in the macro and trace element composition of saliva might be indicative for pathological changes in periodontal tissues. However, there is a lack of evidence in the literature showing associations between mineral elements and periodontal status. The aim of this study was to determine whether such associations occur. Totally, 190 systemically healthy non-smoker participants (mean age 32.2 ± 6.02; 50 periodontally healthy, 50 gingivitis, 50 chronic periodontitis, and 40 aggressive periodontitis individuals) were included in this cross-sectional study. Salivary levels of some macro and trace elements were measured by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Kruskal-Wallis's test was used for statistical analysis. Statistically significant differences were found in sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), vanadium (V), chromium Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), rubidium (Rb), strontium (Sr), and selenium (Se) concentrations among the groups. Significant increases in the essential minerals Na, Mg, K, Ca, Fe, and Se occurred in both periodontitis groups when compared to the gingivitis and periodontally healthy groups. Lower Se, Sr, Fe, Mn, and V concentrations were found in the aggressive periodontitis group than in the chronic periodontitis group. The results of this study demonstrated that assessment of mineral element concentrations in saliva might be useful in assessing periodontal health and disease. However, further studies are required to determine whether the change in a specific mineral element is the result of periodontal disease or is involved in its pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Inonu
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Baskent University, 06490, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Sema S Hakki
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Seyit Ali Kayis
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
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21
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Keles Yucel ZP, Afacan B, Emingil G, Tervahartiala T, Kose T, Sorsa T. Local and systemic levels of aMMP‐8 in gingivitis and stage 3 grade C periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2020; 55:887-894. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Beral Afacan
- Department of Periodontology School of Dentistry Aydın Adnan Menderes University Aydin Turkey
| | - Gulnur Emingil
- Department of Periodontology School of Dentistry Ege University Izmir Turkey
| | - Taina Tervahartiala
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Helsinki University Hospital University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Timur Kose
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics School of Medicine Ege University Izmir Turkey
| | - Timo Sorsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Helsinki University Hospital University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Department of Oral Diseases Karolinska Institute Huddinge Sweden
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22
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Karteva T, Manchorova-Veleva N. Biomarker for Asymptomatic Apical Periodontitis in Gingival Crevicular Fluid: aMMP-8. Eur J Dent 2020; 14:239-244. [PMID: 32396973 PMCID: PMC7274820 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1709827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives
Asymptomatic apical periodontitis (AAP) is one of the most widespread chronic inflammatory diseases in the field of dental medicine. Active matrix metalloproteinase (aMMP-8) previously demonstrated diagnostic potential as a biomarker for AAP in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). The aim of this study was to determine the levels and diagnostic accuracy of aMMP-8 in GCF from teeth with AAP.
Materials and Methods
In this cross-sectional study, GCF samples were obtained from teeth with AAP (sample group,
n
= 31) and their contralateral teeth (control group,
n
= 31). Clinical and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) parameters were used for the diagnosis and assessment of AAP and the determination of clinically healthy marginal periodontal tissues. One pool GCF sample per tooth was obtained from the whole crevice’s perimeter. aMMP-8 levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Statistical Analysis
Wilcoxon signed ranks test and Spearman rank correlation coefficient (rs) were used as statistical tools. The significance level was set at
p
< .05.
Results
The two groups demonstrated biomarker levels corresponding to a healthy marginal periodontal tissue. aMMP-8 levels were statistically and significantly higher in the samples collected from teeth with AAP. Lesions with greater volume showed correspondingly larger diameters. No statistically significant correlation between aMMP-8 levels and lesions’ volume or diameter was discovered.
Conclusion
GCF composition is modified by AAP only to a minimal extent. Further research is needed to substantiate the utilization of aMMP-8 as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of the disease as well as to explore its relationship with other biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora Karteva
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University - Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Neshka Manchorova-Veleva
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University - Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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23
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Miesler T, Wimschneider C, Brem A, Meinel L. Frugal Innovation for Point-of-Care Diagnostics Controlling Outbreaks and Epidemics. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:2709-2725. [PMID: 33463254 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Today epidemics of infectious diseases occur more often and spread both faster and further due to globalization and changes in our lifestyle. One way to meet these biological threats are so-called "Frugal Innovations", which focus on the development of affordable, rapid, and easy-to-use diagnostics with widespread use. In this context, point-of-care-tests (POCTs), performed at the patient's bedside, reduce extensive waiting times and unnecessary treatments and enable effective containment measures. This Perspective covers advances in POCT diagnostics on the basis of frugal innovation characteristics that will enable a faster, less expensive, and more convenient reaction to upcoming epidemics. Established POCT systems on the health care market, as well as currently evolving technological advancements in that sector are discussed. Progress in POCT technology and insights on how to most effectively use them allows the handling of more patients in a shorter time frame and consequently improves clinical outcomes at lower cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Miesler
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Christine Wimschneider
- Chair of Technology Management, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Dr.-Mack-Str. 81, 90762 Fürth, Germany
| | - Alexander Brem
- Institute of Entrepreneurship & Innovation, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 19, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.,Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 1, 6400 Sonderborg, Denmark
| | - Lorenz Meinel
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg Germany.,Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Würzburg, Germany
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24
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Rautava J, Gürsoy UK, Kullström A, Könönen E, Sorsa T, Tervahartiala T, Gürsoy M. An Oral Rinse Active Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 Point-of-Care Immunotest May Be Less Accurate in Patients with Crohn's Disease. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030395. [PMID: 32143418 PMCID: PMC7175303 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnostic accuracy of point-of-care (PoC) applications may be compromised in individuals with additional inflammatory conditions. This cross-sectional study examined the performance of a commercial oral rinse active matrix metalloproteinase-8 (aMMP-8) PoC immunotest in individuals with (n = 47) and without Crohn's disease (CD) (n = 41). Oral rinse collected from the participants was analyzed by the PoC immunotest. Molecular forms and fragments of salivary MMP-8 were detected by western immunoblotting. The sensitivity of the immunotest for periodontitis was 60.0% in the CD group and 90.0% in the control group. The respective specificity was 75.0% and 80.0%. In both groups, clinical diagnosis of periodontitis exhibited a significant association with the immunotest results, however, the odds ratio (OR) was more than ten-fold in controls (OR 54.3, 95% CI: 3.1-953, p = 0.006) in comparison to CD patients (OR 5.2, 95% CI: 1.3-21.6, p = 0.022). According to Western immunoblot results, the immunotest MMP-8 positivity was not related to elevated levels of molecular forms and fragments of MMP-8 in the CD group, as in the control group. The diagnostic accuracy of the aMMP-8 PoC oral rinse immunotest is reduced in CD patients, which may be related to lower levels or undetectable complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaana Rautava
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland;
- Department of Pathology, Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +358-29-4505000
| | - Ulvi K. Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (U.K.G.); (E.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Adrian Kullström
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland;
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (U.K.G.); (E.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Eija Könönen
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (U.K.G.); (E.K.); (M.G.)
- Oral Health Care, Welfare Division, City of Turku, 20101 Turku, Finland
| | - Timo Sorsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Disease, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (T.S.); (T.T.)
- Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, 14152 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Taina Tervahartiala
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Disease, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (T.S.); (T.T.)
| | - Mervi Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (U.K.G.); (E.K.); (M.G.)
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25
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Hardy E, Fernandez-Patron C. Destroy to Rebuild: The Connection Between Bone Tissue Remodeling and Matrix Metalloproteinases. Front Physiol 2020; 11:47. [PMID: 32116759 PMCID: PMC7013034 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is a dynamic organ that undergoes constant remodeling, an energetically costly process by which old bone is replaced and localized bone defects are repaired to renew the skeleton over time, thereby maintaining skeletal health. This review provides a general overview of bone’s main players (bone lining cells, osteocytes, osteoclasts, reversal cells, and osteoblasts) that participate in bone remodeling. Placing emphasis on the family of extracellular matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), we describe how: (i) Convergence of multiple protease families (including MMPs and cysteine proteinases) ensures complexity and robustness of the bone remodeling process, (ii) Enzymatic activity of MMPs affects bone physiology at the molecular and cellular levels and (iii) Either overexpression or deficiency/insufficiency of individual MMPs impairs healthy bone remodeling and systemic metabolism. Today, it is generally accepted that proteolytic activity is required for the degradation of bone tissue in osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. However, it is increasingly evident that inactivating mutations in MMP genes can also lead to bone pathology including osteolysis and metabolic abnormalities such as delayed growth. We argue that there remains a need to rethink the role played by proteases in bone physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos Fernandez-Patron
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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26
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Kc S, Wang XZ, Gallagher JE. Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of host-derived salivary biomarkers in periodontal disease amongst adults: Systematic review. J Clin Periodontol 2019; 47:289-308. [PMID: 31701554 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically assess the diagnostic value of host-derived salivary biomarkers based on their reported sensitivity and specificity in relation to clinical parameters of periodontal disease diagnosis in adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS Comprehensive search of PubMed, Nature, Cochrane and OVID (Embase, MEDLINE [R] and PsycINFO) was conducted up to 1 August 2018, using key terms relevant to the research questions and Cochrane methodology, supplemented by a grey literature search. The revised Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS- 2) tool was used to assess the methodological quality of all included studies. RESULTS Seven studies were included in the review. Macrophage inflammatory protein-1αlpha (MIP-1α), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) were identified as diagnostically acceptable biomarkers for periodontal disease. Overall, the combination of IL-6 and MMP-8 showed best diagnostic performance. Also, a combination of the four key biomarkers (IL-1β, IL-6, MMP-8 and MIP-1α) showed promising results for distinction between gingivitis and periodontitis, as well as for periodontitis compared with gingival health. Results are interpreted with caution due to limitations in the number of studies included and their quality. CONCLUSION Certain salivary biomarkers can potentially be useful in combination and singularly for the diagnosis of periodontal disease. However, further methodically robust research is required to validate these biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukriti Kc
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Xiaozhe Z Wang
- Kings College London Dental Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jennifer E Gallagher
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Kings College London, London, UK
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27
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Katsani KR, Sakellari D. Saliva proteomics updates in biomedicine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 26:17. [PMID: 31890650 PMCID: PMC6909541 DOI: 10.1186/s40709-019-0109-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In the years of personalized (or precision) medicine the 'omics' methodologies in biomedical sciences-genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics-are helping researchers to detect quantifiable biological characteristics, or biomarkers, that will best define the human physiology and pathologies. Proteomics use high throughput and high efficiency approaches with the support of bioinformatic tools in order to identify and quantify the total protein content of cells, tissues or biological fluids. Saliva receives a lot of attention as a rich biological specimen that offers a number of practical and physiological advantages over blood and other biological fluids in monitoring human health. The aim of this review is to present the latest advances in saliva proteomics for biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina R Katsani
- 1Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Dimitra Sakellari
- 2Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Implant Biology, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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28
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Zhong W, Peng Y, Yue E, Huang B, Zhang W, Zhao Z, Jiang J, Wang Q, Zhao H. Gingival crevicular fluid levels of SLIT3 are increased in periodontal disease. Oral Dis 2019; 26:182-192. [PMID: 31696592 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the levels of SLIT3 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of healthy and periodontal disease subjects, and their correlations to periodontal disease. A total of 45 periodontal patients and 45 periodontally healthy volunteers were enrolled. The clinical parameters, radiographic bone loss and the levels of SLIT3, receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in GCF were measured. The prevalences of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia in subgingival plaque were also analyzed. The expression of SLIT3 and RANKL was detected in the periodontium of experimental periodontitis in rats and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mouse macrophage. The total amounts and concentrations of SLIT3 and RANKL were significantly higher in periodontitis than those in healthy, while the level of OPG was significantly lower (p < .05). Significant positive correlations were observed between the level of GCF SLIT3 and clinical attachment level and radiographic bone loss (p < .05). There existed a significant positive correlation between SLIT3 and RANKL (p < .05). Increased expression of SLIT3 and RANKL was observed in the periodontium of periodontal rats. SLIT3 expression was induced by LPS stimulation in macrophages. These results suggest that SLIT3 may act as a diagnostic indicator of periodontal disease and should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhong
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Youmei Peng
- Henan Key Laboratory for Pharmacology of Liver Diseases, Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Erli Yue
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinhua Jiang
- Henan Key Laboratory for Pharmacology of Liver Diseases, Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qingduan Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory for Pharmacology of Liver Diseases, Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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29
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The modulation of the TREM-1/PGLYRP1/MMP-8 axis in peri-implant diseases. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 24:1837-1844. [PMID: 31444693 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-03047-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to investigate the expression of sTREM-1 and its ligand PGLYRP1, as well as the expression of MMP-8 and its inhibitor TIMP-1, in peri-implant diseases. As a secondary aim, we analyzed the influence of the concomitant existence of periodontitis in the expression of these biomarkers. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study included 77 patients (29 males and 48 females; mean age 55.0 ± 11.5), 18 having gingivitis, 16 having periodontitis, 20 having mucositis, and 23 having peri-implantitis. Patients were clinically examined, and unstimulated whole saliva was collected. sTREM-1, PGLYRP1, MMP-8, TIMP-1, and MMP-8/TIMP1 ratio were determined by ELISA. RESULTS The periodontitis group presented higher probing depth (PD) mean, and higher clinical attachment loss, compared with the other groups. The peri-implantitis group presented higher PD mean in implants compared to the mucositis group. Patients with PD ≥ 6 mm showed significantly higher levels of PGLYRP1, MMP-8, and MMP-8/TIMP-1 ratio than patients with PD < 6 mm. When all four markers were assessed, there were no significant differences between mucositis and peri-implantitis groups. Concomitant periodontitis resulted in higher significant levels of MMP-8 in patients with peri-implant disease. CONCLUSION We did not observe significant differences in the levels of the sTREM-1/PGLYRP1/MMP-8 axis between patients with periodontal and peri-implant diseases, suggesting that these markers are also involved in the inflammatory process around implants. Besides, the presence of periodontitis may affect the levels of MMP-8 in patients with peri-implant disease. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The sTREM-1/PGLYRP1/MMP-8 axis could be useful as potent markers in periodontal and peri-implant diseases.
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30
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Zhu L, Yao Y, Liu J, Wang J, Xie H. Expression of β-catenin and MMP-8 in gingival crevicular fluid and gingival tissue indicates the disease severity of patients with chronic periodontitis. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:2131-2139. [PMID: 31410168 PMCID: PMC6676099 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the interaction among β-catenin, matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) and severity in patients with chronic periodontitis. Both gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and gingival tissue was collected from 21 healthy control individuals, 21 patients with moderate chronic periodontitis (mCP) and 23 patients with severe chronic periodontitis (sCP). The concentration of MMP-8 in GCF was detected via ELISA and the mRNA levels of β-catenin and MMP-8 in GCF and gingival tissue was detected via reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. The protein levels of β-catenin and MMP-8 in gingival tissue was detected using western blotting and the interaction between β-catenin and MMP-8 in gingival tissue was detected by co-immunoprecipitation. The expression of β-catenin and MMP-8 was significantly higher in the GCF and gingival tissue of patients with chronic periodontitis (mCP and sCP) compared with the control patients. Furthermore, the expression of β-catenin and MMP-8 in GCF and gingival tissue was positively correlated with the clinical attachment level. In addition, a positive interaction was identified between β-catenin and MMP-8, and the expression of β-catenin was positively correlated with the expression of MMP-8 in GCF and gingival tissue. The CGF and gingival tissue expression of β-catenin and MMP-8 may indicate disease severity in patients with chronic periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilei Zhu
- Department of Periodontology, Changsha Stomatological Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Orthodontics, Changsha Stomatological Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Periodontology, Changsha Stomatological Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- Department of Endodontics, Changsha Stomatological Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
| | - Hui Xie
- Department of Periodontology, Changsha Stomatological Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
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31
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The potentiality of salivary peptide biomarkers for screening patients with periodontal diseases by mass spectrometry. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 495:278-286. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.04.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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32
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Schmalz G, Hübscher AE, Angermann H, Schmidt J, Schmickler J, Legler TJ, Ziebolz D. Associations of chairside salivary aMMP-8 findings with periodontal parameters, potentially periodontal pathogenic bacteria and selected blood parameters in systemically healthy adults. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 95:179-184. [PMID: 31174997 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate associations between salivary active matrix-metalloproteinase 8 (aMMP-8) and periodontitis severity, potentially periodontal pathogenic bacteria as well as blood parameters in generally healthy participants. Therefore, 188 participants with a mean age of 48.9 ± 8 years were examined. The periodontitis severity was assessed based on periodontal probing depth and clinical attachment loss. Both, aMMP-8 and microbiological analysis were performed using a validated, commercially available test system. Blood values were utilized from regular differential blood count. The aMMP-8 findings were associated with the periodontitis severity (P < 0.01), as well as with the prevalence of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Prevotella intermedia, Parvimonas micra, Camphylobacter rectus and Eubacterium nodatum (Pi < 0.05). No associations between aMMP-8 and the examined blood parameters were found (Pi > 0.05). In conclusion, salivary aMMP-8 findings seem to reflect periodontal disease severity as a result of an immunoreaction, especially against bacteria with high periodontal pathogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Schmalz
- Dept. of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anna Elisabeth Hübscher
- Dept. of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Germany
| | - Helena Angermann
- Dept. of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Germany
| | - Jana Schmidt
- Dept. of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan Schmickler
- Dept. of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tobias J Legler
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Germany
| | - Dirk Ziebolz
- Dept. of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Germany.
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33
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Uutela P, Passweg J, Halter J, Weiger R, Waltimo T, Mauramo M. Common oral diseases in allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients pre-HSCT. Eur J Haematol 2019; 102:351-356. [PMID: 30632215 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.13209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to compare the prevalence of common oral diseases between allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients and healthy controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 143 adult allogeneic HSCT recipients who were treated for haematological malignancies between 2008 and 2016 were included in the study. The HSCT recipients were age and sex matched with healthy controls. A dental examination was performed on the HSCT recipients prior to HSCT. Differences in stimulated saliva flow rate (SSFR), decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) index, number of teeth, number of caries lesions, and measures of current or previous periodontitis (radiological attachment loss >3 mm or probing pocket depth ≥4 mm) between HSCT recipients and controls were examined. RESULTS Stimulated saliva flow rate, DMFT index and the number of caries lesions were poorer in the HSCT recipients pre-HSCT compared to controls (all P-values <0.05). No statistically significant differences in the measures of current or previous periodontitis were observed. CONCLUSIONS Stimulated saliva flow rate was low and caries was common in HSCT recipients prior to HSCT. Efficient preventive strategies are important in order to maintain the oral health of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauliina Uutela
- Department of Oral Health & Medicine, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jakob Passweg
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Halter
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roland Weiger
- Department of Periodontology, Endodontology and Cariology, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tuomas Waltimo
- Department of Oral Health & Medicine, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matti Mauramo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute and HUSLab, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Gürsoy UK, Könönen E, Tervahartiala T, Gürsoy M, Pitkänen J, Torvi P, Suominen AL, Pussinen P, Sorsa T. Molecular forms and fragments of salivary MMP-8 in relation to periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2018; 45:1421-1428. [PMID: 30341955 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the molecular forms of salivary matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 in relation to periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Molecular forms, degree of activation and fragmentation of neutrophilic and mesenchymal-type MMP-8 isoforms were analysed from salivary samples of 81 subjects with generalized periodontitis, 63 subjects with localized periodontitis and 79 subjects without pocket teeth, by using western-immunoblots with computer quantitation. In addition, human recombinant proMMP-8 was in vitro activated by Treponema denticola chymotrypsin-like protease (Td-CTLP), sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl, 1 mM, oxidant) or amino phenyl mercuric acetate (APMA, 1 mM). RESULTS In saliva of periodontitis-affected individuals, MMP-8 is found in multiple forms, that is, complexes, active and pro-forms of neutrophilic and mesenchymal-type MMP-8, and especially 20-27 kDa fragments. The quantity of these fragments was elevated in both localized and generalized forms of periodontitis. Moreover, the tested activators (Td-CTLP, NaOCl and APMA) activated inactive proMMP-8, resulting in fragments of 20-27 kDa, in vitro, and salivary concentrations of T. denticola correlated significantly with salivary levels of fragmented MMP-8. CONCLUSION The present results indicate that during the development and progression of periodontitis, MMP-8 appears as activated and fragmented, and treponemal proteases most likely play role in this cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulvi K Gürsoy
- Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Eija Könönen
- Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Welfare Division, Oral Health Care, Turku, Finland
| | - Taina Tervahartiala
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Disease, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mervi Gürsoy
- Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jari Pitkänen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Disease, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paula Torvi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Disease, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Liisa Suominen
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Health Monitoring Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pirkko Pussinen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Disease, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Sorsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Disease, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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35
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Al-Majid A, Alassiri S, Rathnayake N, Tervahartiala T, Gieselmann DR, Sorsa T. Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 as an Inflammatory and Prevention Biomarker in Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases. Int J Dent 2018; 2018:7891323. [PMID: 30305812 PMCID: PMC6165625 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7891323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Levels of and especially the degree of activation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-8) in oral fluids (i.e., saliva, mouth rinse, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and peri-implantitis sulcular fluid (PISF)) increase to pathologically elevated levels in the periodontal and peri-implant diseases. This study aimed at collecting and collating data from previously published studies and determining whether active MMP-8 (aMMP-8) could serve as a biomarker for the diagnosis and prevention of periodontal and peri-implant diseases. The literature search identified a total of 284 articles. Out of 284 articles, 61 articles were found to be relevant. Data obtained from the selected studies were combined, and it indicated that aMMP-8 in oral fluids exerts the strong potential to serve as a useful adjunctive diagnostic and preventive biotechnological tool in periodontal and peri-implant diseases. aMMP-8 can be used alone or in combination with other proinflammatory and/or microbiological biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Al-Majid
- Clinic of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Saeed Alassiri
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nilminie Rathnayake
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Dental Medicine, Division of Periodontology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Taina Tervahartiala
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dirk-Rolf Gieselmann
- Institute of Molecular Diagnostics, Dentognostics GmbH, Solingen and Jena, Germany
| | - Timo Sorsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Dental Medicine, Division of Periodontology, Stockholm, Sweden
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