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Peła Z, Gałecka M, Murgrabia A, Kondratowicz A, Gałecki P. Depressive Disorder and Dermatological Autoimmune Diseases. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3224. [PMID: 38892934 PMCID: PMC11172791 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13113224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Depressive disorders are a growing problem worldwide. They are also characterized by high comorbidity, including from the circle of dermatological diseases. Autoimmune diseases seem to be particularly correlated with depressive comorbidity, raising the question of their possible common pathomechanism. The PubMed database was searched, focusing on results published after 2016. A particular reciprocal correlation of depressive disorders with psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, alopecia areata, impetigo, lupus and systemic scleroderma was found. One possible explanation for the co-occurrence of the above diseases is that the inflammatory theory may be applicable to depression, the various elements of which also apply to autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Piotr Gałecki
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland; (Z.P.); (M.G.); (A.M.); (A.K.)
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Agrawal H, Patil RK, Singh V, Tripathi A, Khanna V, Chaurasia A, Arya A, Ali W. Salivary and serum estrogen level assessment in oral lichen planus patients and its correlative analysis with OLP and stress. J Family Med Prim Care 2024; 13:1998-2005. [PMID: 38948558 PMCID: PMC11213394 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1332_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory disease of the skin and mucous membrane with higher predilection seen in the female population. Oral lichen planus (OLP) has been associated with various etiological factors, such as stress, hormonal imbalance, and immunological variation. The purpose of this study was to assess serum and salivary estrogen (E2) levels in OLP patients and correlate them with stress levels. Objectives This study aimed to evaluate serum and salivary estrogen levels in female patients with OLP, along with the assessment of stress and its correlation with estrogen levels. Methods A total of 78 females, 39 clinically diagnosed with OLP and 39 healthy females, were included in the study as the case and control groups, respectively. 2 ml each of salivary and serum samples was obtained from each participant to measure the estrogen levels. Stress levels in the study group patients were assessed using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). The nonparametric Mann-Whitney test was used for intergroup comparisons. Results Significantly higher serum estrogen levels with higher DASS-21 and PSS scores were noted in patients with OLP. Overall, significant positive correlations were observed between salivary E2 and serum E2 (r = 0.361, P = 0.001). There was a positive correlation between salivary and serum E2 and DASS score (r = 0.410, P < 0.001, and r = 0.768, P < 0.001, respectively), serum/salivary E2 and PSS score (r = 0.745, P < 0.001, and r = 0.410, P < 0.001, respectively), and DASS score and PSS score (r = 0.878, P < 0.001). Conclusion Estrogen can be used as a useful biomarker for OLP in the future. Salivary samples can prove to be an accurate and feasible alternative to serum estrogen level determination. We also suggest that OLP patients must be given supportive psychological treatment for improved life quality and disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heena Agrawal
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George Medical University, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ranjit Kumar Patil
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George Medical University, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vandana Singh
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George Medical University, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anurag Tripathi
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George Medical University, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vikram Khanna
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George Medical University, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Akhilanand Chaurasia
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George Medical University, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Arya
- Department of Psychiatry, King George Medical University, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Wahid Ali
- Department of Pathology, King George Medical University, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Ganesan A, Kumar G, Gauthaman J, Lakshmi KC, Kumbalaparambil YA. Exploring the Relationship between Psychoneuroimmunology and Oral Diseases: A Comprehensive Review and Analysis. J Lifestyle Med 2024; 14:13-19. [PMID: 38665319 PMCID: PMC11039437 DOI: 10.15280/jlm.2024.14.1.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The relationship between psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) and oral health has recently garnered increasing attention due to the intricate interaction among psychological factors, the nervous system, immune responses, and oral diseases. This comprehensive review aims to elucidate the multifaceted connections between PNI and various oral conditions and conduct an in-depth analysis. Psychological factors, such as stress, anxiety, and depression, have been linked to oral microbiome alterations and immune function and the development and progression of oral diseases, such as periodontal disorders, oral ulcers, and temporomandibular disorders. Conversely, oral health conditions, particularly chronic periodontitis, have been associated with systemic inflammation, affecting mental health and overall well-being through neuroendocrine-immune pathways. Moreover, neural mechanisms, including the brain-gut axis and the autonomic nervous system, significantly influenced oral health through immune modulation and inflammatory responses. Understanding these complex interactions has implications for therapeutic interventions that target both psychological well-being and oral health outcomes. This review synthesizes current research findings from various disciplines, including immunology, neuroscience, dentistry, and psychology, to offer a comprehensive understanding of the bidirectional relationship between PNI and oral diseases. The implications of these interactions on treatment strategies, preventive measures, and interdisciplinary approaches underscore the need for integrated healthcare models that address psychological and oral health aspects to improve outcomes and quality of life in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Ganesan
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, SRM Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gautham Kumar
- Department of Periodontics, Madha Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jeevitha Gauthaman
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, SRM Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Kadhum SI, Al-Drobie BF. Evaluation of clinical and demographical finding in patients with oral lichen planus: A retrospective cross sectional study. WIADOMOSCI LEKARSKIE (WARSAW, POLAND : 1960) 2024; 77:1025-1032. [PMID: 39008593 DOI: 10.36740/wlek202405123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aim: To learn more about Oral Lichen Planus Iraqi patients, including their background information, symptoms, and prognosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS Materials and Methods: From the Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Department, College of Dentistry, Baghdad University, we retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 68 patients with a histologically confirmed clinical diagnosis of oral lichen planus and subsequently contacted the patients by phone to evaluate their prognosis. RESULTS Results: Females were more likely than males to experience severe pain; the reticular form of Oral Lichen Planus was the most prevalent at 38.2%, but the erosive type was more prevalent among females. Only 53 of 68 patients responded to phone calls. More than 37% of those respondents reported involvement at a second location intra-orally following the first oral manifestation, and 20% had extraoral Lichen Planus, and approximately 22.6% of them observed changes in the morphology and behavior of the lesion after a brief period of time, while 26.4% experienced complete remission. CONCLUSION Conclusions: Females were more likely to have oral lichen planus. Females and elderly persons were more likely to have severe pain than other. The lesion must be monitored for symptomatic flare-ups over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahad Ihsan Kadhum
- DEPARTMENT OF ORAL DIAGNOSIS, COLLEGE OF DENTISTRY, UNIVERSITY OF BAGHDAD, BAGHDAD, IRAQ
| | - Ban Fadhil Al-Drobie
- DEPARTMENT OF ORAL DIAGNOSIS, COLLEGE OF DENTISTRY, UNIVERSITY OF BAGHDAD, BAGHDAD, IRAQ
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Viviano M, Parrini S, Discepoli N, Baldini N, Ferrari M, Cuomo A, Fagiolini A, Frosolini A, Gabriele G, Gennaro P, Tortoriello M. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic in patients with a diagnosis of Oral Lichen Planus: Pain perception and psychological profile analysis. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 28:31. [PMID: 38147227 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05470-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the impact of COVID-19 in patients affected by OLP, in terms of level of pain, stress, depression and anxiety and their impact on the clinical manifestation of the disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS A longitudinal design was employed. Psychometric evaluations of anxiety, stress, and depression were conducted using the DASS21 scale, while pain levels were measured using the VAS scale. Clinical diagnosis and phenotype evaluation were performed. RESULTS The study included 24 patients with an average age of 62.9 years, with 70.8% presenting erosive OLP. Results revealed a significant worsening of anxiety, stress, and depression scores during the pandemic. Pain level (1.5 ± 1.2 pre-pandemic VS 3.8 ± 1.1 during the pandemic, p < 0.0001) was also negatively affected. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the potential interplay between psychological stress and oral health conditions, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive understanding of OLP's complex etiology and its response to external stressors. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Multidisciplinary care strategies to address both physical and psychological aspects of OLP patients is recommended following the present findings. Further research is warranted to confirm these observations in larger multicenter studies and to guide tailored guidance approaches for OLP patients during challenging times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Viviano
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Unit of Oral Pathology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Stefano Parrini
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Unit of Oral Pathology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Nicola Discepoli
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Unit of Oral Pathology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Nicola Baldini
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Unit of Oral Pathology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Marco Ferrari
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Unit of Oral Pathology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cuomo
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Siena, School of Medicine, Siena, Italy
| | - Andrea Fagiolini
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Siena, School of Medicine, Siena, Italy
| | - Andrea Frosolini
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
| | - Guido Gabriele
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Paolo Gennaro
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Mario Tortoriello
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Unit of Oral Pathology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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Pires ALPV, Alves LDB, da Silva AM, Arsati F, Lima-Arsati YBDO, Dos Santos JN, Calumby RT, Freitas VS. Salivary biomarkers to evaluate psychological disorders in oral lichen planus: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Oral Dis 2023; 29:2734-2746. [PMID: 36161740 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the use of salivary biomarkers to identify psychological disorders (anxiety, depression, and stress) in individuals with oral lichen planus (OLP). MATERIALS AND METHODS The search was made in Medline/Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, Virtual Health Library, ProQuest, and by cross-reference. Original case-control, cross-sectional, and cohort studies, in human subjects (age ≥18 years) with clinical and histopathological diagnosis, with or without the use of psychometric scales, published until June 2021, were included. Random-effects meta-analyses, subgroup analyses, and sensitivity were performed. Publication bias was measured using the Egger test and visual inspection of the funnel plot. RESULTS A total of 67 articles were found, of which 12 were included in the meta-analysis. Among the different biomarkers identified, it was only possible to perform a meta-analysis for cortisol. The mean difference between salivary cortisol levels in patients with OLP compared to controls was 3.43 ng/ml (95% CI: 1.20-5.65) with I2 = 98.9%. Studies considered outliers were removed and based on sensitivity analyses, results did not change, therefore, being stable. CONCLUSION The studies analyzed demonstrated that cortisol was the most quantified biomarker to identify psychological disorders; however, DHEA, IgA, adiponectin, and α-amylase were also evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Franco Arsati
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil
| | | | - Jean Nunes Dos Santos
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Tripody Calumby
- Department of Exact Sciences, State University of Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil
| | - Valéria Souza Freitas
- Department of Health, State University of Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil
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Chen GY, Fu LL, Ye B, Ao M, Yan M, Feng HC. Correlations between schizophrenia and lichen planus: a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1243044. [PMID: 37772069 PMCID: PMC10525345 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1243044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Several existing studies have shown a correlation between schizophrenia and lichen planus (LP). However, the causality of this relationship remains uncertain. Thus, this study aimed to examine the causal association between schizophrenia and LP. Methods A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was carried out to investigate whether schizophrenia is causally related to LP and vice versa, and genetic variants in this study were taken from previous genome-wide association studies. We used the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method as the main analysis. Furthermore, several sensitivity analyses were performed to assess heterogeneity, horizontal pleiotropy, and stability. Results Our results show that schizophrenia has a protective effect on LP (OR = 0.881, 95%CI = 0.795-0.975, p = 0.015). Conversely, we observed no significant relationship between LP and schizophrenia in reverse MR analysis (OR = 0.934, 95%CI = 0.851-1.026, p = 0.156). Conclusion Our two-sample Mendelian randomization study supports a significant causal relationship between LP and schizophrenia and finds that schizophrenia can reduce the incidence of LP. This is in contrast to previous findings and provides new insights into the relationship between LP and schizophrenia, but the exact mechanism needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Yu Chen
- College of Stomatology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ling-ling Fu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Guiyang, China
| | - Bin Ye
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Guiyang, China
| | - Man Ao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Guiyang, China
| | - Ming Yan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Guiyang, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hong-Chao Feng
- College of Stomatology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Guiyang, China
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Shi X, Wang Y, Wu Y, Li J. The effect of the leisure activities based on chess and cards for improving cognition of older adults: study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial. Trials 2023; 24:484. [PMID: 37516846 PMCID: PMC10386780 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07528-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the increase in age, the probability of cognitive impairment in the older people is increasing. More and more evidence shows that participating in leisure activities, especially chess and cards, is beneficial to the cognition and mental state of the older people. But the evidence for causal inference is limited. There is a need to conduct a fully powered randomized controlled trial (RCT) and long-term follow-up to test the effectiveness of intervention measures in improving cognitive function and mental state. This paper describes the methodology of a cluster RCT designed to determine the effect of chess and cards leisure activities on the cognitive function of the older people over 60 years old. METHODS/DESIGN A cluster RCT consisting of 8 clusters will be conducted in four regions of Ningxia, China (Helan, Litong, Qingtongxia, and Shapotou). Clusters will be randomly assigned to the advocacy intervention group, which is also delivered with free leisure activities tools (chess and cards), or the control group. A baseline survey will be conducted before the intervention. A mid-term and final survey will be carried out twelve and twenty-four months after the intervention, respectively. The primary outcome is a change in cognitive function, and the secondary outcomes are changes in anxiety, depression, and loneliness. DISCUSSION The results of this RCT will be helpful to (1) confirm the effectiveness of chess and cards leisure activities in improving the cognitive function of the older people over 60 years old; (2) determine the relationship between the frequency and duration of chess and cards leisure activities and cognitive function; (3) provide evidence of promoting participation in leisure activities through education campaigns and free provision of chess and cards tools; and (4) provide valuable information for successful aging. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2200066817. Registered on 19 December 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Yanrong Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Yueping Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Jiangping Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China.
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Adamo D, Calabria E, Canfora F, Coppola N, Leuci S, Mignogna M, Muzio LL, Spirito F, Giuliani M, Azzi L, Dani M, Colella G, Colella C, Montebugnoli L, Gissi DB, Gabriele M, Nisi M, Sardella A, Lodi G, Varoni EM, Giudice A, Antonelli A, Gambino A, Antonucci G, Vescovi P, Meleti M, Majorana A, Bardellini E, Campisi G, Panzarella V, Spadari F, Garagiola U, Pentenero M, Sutera S, Biasotto M, Ottaviani G, Gobbo M, Nardini LG, Romeo U, Tenore G, Serpico R, Lucchese A, Lajolo C, Gioco G, Aria M, D'Aniello L, Mignogna MD. Anxiety and depression in keratotic oral lichen planus: a multicentric study from the SIPMO. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:3057-3069. [PMID: 36786956 PMCID: PMC10264261 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-04909-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oral lichen planus with exclusive keratotic reticular, papular, and/or plaque-like lesions (K-OLP) is a clinical pattern of OLP that may be associated with a complex symptomatology and psychological alteration. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of anxiety (A) and depression (D) in patients with K-OLP, analyzing the potential predictors which can affect mental health status. METHODS Three hundred K-OLP patients versus 300 healthy controls (HC) were recruited in 15 Italian universities. The Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), Total Pain Rating Index (T-PRI), and Hamilton Rating Scales for Depression and for Anxiety (HAM-D and HAM-A) were administered. RESULTS The K-OLP patients showed statistically higher scores in the NRS, T-PRI, HAM-D, and HAM-A compared with the HC (p-value < 0.001**). A and D were found in 158 (52.7%) and 148 (49.3%) K-OLP patients. Strong linear correlations were identified between HAM-A, HAM-D, NRS, T-PRI, and employment status and between HAM-D, HAM-A, NRS, T-PRI, employment status, and female gender. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that HAM-D and HAM-A showed the greatest increase in the R2 value for A and D in the K-OLP patients, respectively (DR2 = 55.5% p-value < 0.001**; DR2 = 56.5% p-value < 0.001**). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of A and D is higher in the K-OLP patients compared with the HC, also found in K-OLP subjects without pain, suggesting that the processing of pain may be in a certain way independent of the processing of mood. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Mood disorders and pain assessment should be carefully performed in relation to K-OLP to obtain a complete analysis of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Adamo
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Calabria
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Canfora
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Noemi Coppola
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Leuci
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Mignogna
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Lo Muzio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Francesca Spirito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Michele Giuliani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Azzi
- Unit of Oral Medicine and Pathology, ASST Dei Sette Laghi, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Marta Dani
- Unit of Oral Medicine and Pathology, ASST Dei Sette Laghi, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Colella
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Colella
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucio Montebugnoli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Section of Oral Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Bartolomeo Gissi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Section of Oral Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mario Gabriele
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Medicine, Molecular and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Nisi
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Medicine, Molecular and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Sardella
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lodi
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Maria Varoni
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Amerigo Giudice
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Alessio Gambino
- Oral Medicine Section, Department of Surgical Science, CIR Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giuliana Antonucci
- Oral Medicine Section, Department of Surgical Science, CIR Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo Vescovi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Oral Medicine and Laser Surgery Unit, University Center of Dentistry, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Meleti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Oral Medicine and Laser Surgery Unit, University Center of Dentistry, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Alessandra Majorana
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialities, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elena Bardellini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialities, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Campisi
- Department of Surgical, Oncological, and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vera Panzarella
- Department of Surgical, Oncological, and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Spadari
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Maxillo-Facial and Dental Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Umberto Garagiola
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Maxillo-Facial and Dental Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Pentenero
- Department of Oncology, Oral Medicine and Oral Oncology Unit, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Samuele Sutera
- Department of Oncology, Oral Medicine and Oral Oncology Unit, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Matteo Biasotto
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giulia Ottaviani
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Margherita Gobbo
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy
| | - Luca Guarda Nardini
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy
| | - Umberto Romeo
- Department of Oral Sciences and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Tenore
- Department of Oral Sciences and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosario Serpico
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Alberta Lucchese
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Lajolo
- Head and Neck Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, School of Dentistry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Gioele Gioco
- Head and Neck Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, School of Dentistry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Aria
- Department of Economics and Statistics, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca D'Aniello
- Department of Social Sciences, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Davide Mignogna
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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10
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Santana LADM, Gonçalo RIC, Souza EDCM, de Oliveira DHIP, Trento CL. Intrinsic relationship between oral lichen planus and oral squamous cell carcinoma: the importance of the monitoring in pandemic times. JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY, ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2023; 124:101428. [PMID: 36870591 DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2023.101428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rani Iani Costa Gonçalo
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
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11
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Vičić M, Hlača N, Kaštelan M, Brajac I, Sotošek V, Prpić Massari L. Comprehensive Insight into Lichen Planus Immunopathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24033038. [PMID: 36769361 PMCID: PMC9918135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24033038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lichen planus is a chronic disease affecting the skin, appendages, and mucous membranes. A cutaneous lichen planus is a rare disease occurring in less than 1% of the general population, while oral illness is up to five times more prevalent; still, both forms equally impair the patient's quality of life. The etiology of lichen planus is not entirely understood. Yet, immune-mediated mechanisms have been recognized since environmental factors such as hepatitis virus infection, mechanical trauma, psychological stress, or microbiome changes can trigger the disease in genetically susceptible individuals. According to current understanding, lichen planus immunopathogenesis is caused by cell-mediated cytotoxicity, particularly cytotoxic T lymphocytes, whose activity is further influenced by Th1 and IL-23/Th-17 axis. However, other immunocytes and inflammatory pathways complement these mechanisms. This paper presents a comprehensive insight into the actual knowledge about lichen planus, with the causal genetic and environmental factors being discussed, the immunopathogenesis described, and the principal effectors of its inflammatory circuits identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijana Vičić
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Krešimirova 42, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Nika Hlača
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Krešimirova 42, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Marija Kaštelan
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Krešimirova 42, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Ines Brajac
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Krešimirova 42, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Vlatka Sotošek
- Department of Anesthesiology, Reanimation and Intensive Care, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Tome Strižića 3, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Larisa Prpić Massari
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Krešimirova 42, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
- Correspondence:
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12
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Hong S, Fan R, Cohen JM. Lichen planus is associated with depression and anxiety: a cross-sectional study in the All of Us research program. Arch Dermatol Res 2022; 315:1417-1419. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-022-02459-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Seizer L, Schubert C. On the Role of Psychoneuroimmunology in Oral Medicine. Int Dent J 2022; 72:765-772. [DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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14
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Xin MZ, Shi YY, Li CS, Zuo LH, Li N, Liu LW, Ma HX, Du QZ, Xue P, Sun Z, Zhao HY. Metabolomics and Transcriptomics Analysis on Metabolic Characteristics of Oral Lichen Planus. Front Oncol 2021; 11:769163. [PMID: 34737967 PMCID: PMC8560742 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.769163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore metabolic biomarkers related to erosive and reticulated oral lichen planus (OLP) by non-targeted metabolomics methods and correlate metabolites with gene expression, and to investigate the pathological network pathways of OLP from the perspective of metabolism. Methods A total of 153 individuals were enrolled in this study, including 50 patients with erosive oral lichen planus (EOLP), 51 patients with reticulated oral lichen planus (ROLP), and 52 healthy controls (HC). The ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole-Orbitrap high-resolution accurate mass spectrometry (UHPLC/Q-Orbitrap HRMS) was used to analyze the metabolites of 40 EOLP, 40 ROLP, and 40 HC samples, and the differential metabolic biomarkers were screened and identified. The regulatory genes were further screened through the shared metabolites between EOLP and ROLP, and cross-correlated with the OLP-related differential genes in the network database. A “gene-metabolite” network was constructed after finding the key differential genes. Finally, the diagnostic efficiency of the biomarkers was verified in the validation set and a diagnostic model was constructed. Result Compared with HC group, a total of 19 and 25 differential metabolites were identified in the EOLP group and the ROLP group, respectively. A total of 14 different metabolites were identified between EOLP and ROLP. Two diagnostic models were constructed based on these differential metabolites. There are 14 differential metabolites shared by EOLP and ROLP. The transcriptomics data showed 756 differentially expressed genes, and the final crossover network showed that 19 differential genes were associated with 12 metabolites. Enrichment analysis showed that alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism were closely associated with the pathogenesis of OLP. Conclusion The metabolic change of different types of OLP were clarified. The potential gene perturbation of OLP was provided. This study provided a strong support for further exploration of the pathogenic mechanism of OLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Zhe Xin
- Department of Oral Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University· Stomatological Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,School and Hospital of Stomatology of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying-Ying Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Engineering Research Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry for Precision Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chun-Shen Li
- Department of Oral Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University· Stomatological Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,School and Hospital of Stomatology of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li-Hua Zuo
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Engineering Research Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry for Precision Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University· Stomatological Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li-Wei Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Engineering Research Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry for Precision Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - He-Xin Ma
- Department of Oral Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University· Stomatological Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,School and Hospital of Stomatology of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qiu-Zheng Du
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Engineering Research Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry for Precision Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peng Xue
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University· Stomatological Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhi Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Engineering Research Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry for Precision Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hong-Yu Zhao
- Department of Oral Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University· Stomatological Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,School and Hospital of Stomatology of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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15
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Sheykhbahaei N, Koopaie M, Ansari M. Evaluation of exposure to environmental stressors on heat-shock protein 70 expression in normal oral keratinocyte cells. Clin Exp Dent Res 2021; 8:176-183. [PMID: 34545710 PMCID: PMC8874095 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to investigate the effect of cortisol, estrogen, and nicotine on heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) expressions at the level of normal oral mucosa keratinocyte cells. Methods In this in vitro study, keratinocytes were derived from rat oral cavity and cultured. Stressors were applied, including three groups, group 1: estrogen to simulate the postmenopausal state; group 2: cortisol to simulate psychological stress situation; group 3: nicotine to simulate smoking state. To determine the exact nature of keratinocyte cells, two surface markers, cytokeratin 18 and cytokeratin 14 were examined using the flow cytometry method. Then, the immunocytochemistry technique with three repetitions in each group was used to evaluate the HSP70 expression before and after applying the stressor. Results HSP70 expressions in the three stressor groups (estrogen, cortisol, and nicotine) were significantly lower than in the control group (p = 0.0001). The HSPs expression difference between cortisol and nicotine was statistically significant (p = 0.0001). Based on the results of MTT analysis, the mean cell viability of oral mucosal keratinocytes in all three intervention groups decreased compared to the control group. In the cortisol and nicotine groups, cell death was significantly higher than in the control group. In the estrogen group, cell death was significantly lower than in the nicotine group (p > 0.05). Conclusions The specific concentrations of cortisol, estrogen, and nicotine as stressors can effectively reduce the expression of HSP70 in normal oral mucosal keratinocytes. These phenomena can be effective in cell viability and the development of oral lichen planus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Sheykhbahaei
- Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Koopaie
- Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mandana Ansari
- School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Sobral SS, da Silva Brandão EH, de Barros Gallo C, Molon A, Sobral APT, de Fátima Teixeira da Silva D, Motta LJ, Dos Santos Franco AL, Rodrigues MFSD. Analysis of the psychopathological profile, quality of life, and cost-effectiveness of oral lichen planus patients treated with photobiomodulation. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 26:719-728. [PMID: 34251533 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04050-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of PBM on the psychological profile and quality of life of patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) in comparison to corticoid and to investigate the cost-effectiveness of both treatments. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients were randomized into two groups: Control (clobetasol propionate 0.05%) and Photobiomodulation (660 nm, 100mW, 177 J/cm2, 5 s, 0.5 J) twice a week for 30 days. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and OHIP-14 were used in different treatment time points and at follow-up. The cost-effectiveness was calculated using the improvement in OHIP-14 after treatment. RESULTS OLP patients showed detected levels of anxiety, depression, and poor quality of life at baseline. No improvement in anxiety and depression was noticed after treatments. However, PBM and corticoid significantly improved the quality of life of OLP patients, considering the OHIP-14-T and the physical pain domain. The treatment with corticoid was more cost-effective than PBM. CONCLUSIONS Psychological distress was not improved after both treatments and PBM is as effective as corticoids in promoting a better quality of life in OLP patients, despite its higher cost. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study highlights the need for additional therapeutic interventions in OLP patients, to early recognize and to manage the alterations in their psychological profile. Moreover, PBM is an effective therapy in OLP patient's quality of live and although it was a more expensive, the advantage of being a minimally invasive therapy associated with no side effects must be considered in clinical practice, especially in those patients with refractory disease. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov; the registration number is NCT03320460, registered in 17/10/2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio Sousa Sobral
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied To Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University, UNINOVE, R. Vergueiro, 235/249, São Paulo, CEP 01504-001, Brazil
| | - Eloíza Helena da Silva Brandão
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied To Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University, UNINOVE, R. Vergueiro, 235/249, São Paulo, CEP 01504-001, Brazil
| | - Camila de Barros Gallo
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Angela Molon
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied To Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University, UNINOVE, R. Vergueiro, 235/249, São Paulo, CEP 01504-001, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Taboada Sobral
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied To Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University, UNINOVE, R. Vergueiro, 235/249, São Paulo, CEP 01504-001, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Health and Environment, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (UNIMES), Santos, Brazil
| | - Daniela de Fátima Teixeira da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied To Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University, UNINOVE, R. Vergueiro, 235/249, São Paulo, CEP 01504-001, Brazil
| | - Lara Jansiski Motta
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied To Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University, UNINOVE, R. Vergueiro, 235/249, São Paulo, CEP 01504-001, Brazil
| | - Adriana Lino Dos Santos Franco
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied To Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University, UNINOVE, R. Vergueiro, 235/249, São Paulo, CEP 01504-001, Brazil
| | - Maria Fernanda Setúbal Destro Rodrigues
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied To Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University, UNINOVE, R. Vergueiro, 235/249, São Paulo, CEP 01504-001, Brazil.
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17
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Wang XS, Sun Z, Liu LW, Du QZ, Liu ZS, Yang YJ, Xue P, Zhao HY. Potential Metabolic Biomarkers for Early Detection of Oral Lichen Planus, a Precancerous Lesion. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:603899. [PMID: 33240093 PMCID: PMC7677577 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.603899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a T-cell-mediated chronic inflammatory disorder and precancerous oral lesion with high incidence. The current diagnostic method of OLP is very limited and metabolomics may provide a new approach for quantitative evaluation. Methods: The Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole/Orbitrap High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS) was applied to analyze the change of metabolites in serum of patients with OLP. A total of 115 OLP patients and 124 healthy controls were assigned to either a training set (n = 160) or a test set (n = 79). The potential biomarkers and the change of serum metabolites were profiled and evaluated by multivariate analysis. Results: Totally, 23 differential metabolites were identified in the training set between OLP group and healthy group. Three prominent metabolites in receiver operating characteristic (ROC) were selected as a panel to distinguish OLP or healthy individuals in the test set, and the diagnostic accuracy was 86.1%. Conclusions: This study established a new method for the early detection of OLP by analyzing serum metabolomics using UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS, which will help in understanding the pathological processes of OLP and identifying precancerous lesions in oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Shuang Wang
- Stomatological Hospital of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,School and Hospital of Stomatology of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhi Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li-Wei Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qiu-Zheng Du
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhang-Suo Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan-Jie Yang
- Stomatological Hospital of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,School and Hospital of Stomatology of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peng Xue
- Health Management Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hong-Yu Zhao
- Stomatological Hospital of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,School and Hospital of Stomatology of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Sharma T, Vaghela I, Raghuwanshi N, Dabas A, Chatterjee R, Mehta H. To correlate the anxiety, depression, and symptoms of stress levels among patients affected by oral lichen planus and lichenoid reaction. THE SAINT'S INTERNATIONAL DENTAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/sidj.sidj_46_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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