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Potapov AM. Multifunctionality of belowground food webs: resource, size and spatial energy channels. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2022; 97:1691-1711. [PMID: 35393748 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The belowground compartment of terrestrial ecosystems drives nutrient cycling, the decomposition and stabilisation of organic matter, and supports aboveground life. Belowground consumers create complex food webs that regulate functioning, ensure stability and support biodiversity both below and above ground. However, existing soil food-web reconstructions do not match recently accumulated empirical evidence and there is no comprehensive reproducible approach that accounts for the complex resource, size and spatial structure of food webs in soil. Here I build on generic food-web organisation principles and use multifunctional classification of soil protists, invertebrates and vertebrates, to reconstruct a 'multichannel' food web across size classes of soil-associated consumers. I infer weighted trophic interactions among trophic guilds using feeding preferences and prey protection traits (evolutionarily inherited traits), size and spatial distributions (niche overlaps), and biomass-dependent feeding. I then use food-web reconstruction, together with assimilation efficiencies, to calculate energy fluxes assuming a steady-state energetic system. Based on energy fluxes, I propose a number of indicators, related to stability, biodiversity and multiple ecosystem-level functions such as herbivory, top-down control, translocation and transformation of organic matter. I illustrate this approach with an empirical example, comparing it with traditional resource-focused soil food-web reconstruction. The multichannel reconstruction can be used to assess 'trophic multifunctionality' (analogous to ecosystem multifunctionality), i.e. simultaneous support of multiple trophic functions by the food web, and compare it across communities and ecosystems spanning beyond the soil. With further empirical validation of the proposed functional indicators, this multichannel reconstruction approach could provide an effective tool for understanding animal diversity-ecosystem functioning relationships in soil. This tool hopefully will inspire more researchers to describe soil communities and belowground-aboveground interactions comprehensively. Such studies will provide informative indicators for including consumers as active agents in biogeochemical models, not only locally but also on regional and global scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton M Potapov
- Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, Animal Ecology, University of Göttingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.,A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 33, 119071, Moscow
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2
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Zhou Z, Krashevska V, Widyastuti R, Scheu S, Potapov A. Tropical land use alters functional diversity of soil food webs and leads to monopolization of the detrital energy channel. eLife 2022; 11:75428. [PMID: 35357306 PMCID: PMC9033302 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Agricultural expansion is among the main threats to biodiversity and functions of tropical ecosystems. It has been shown that conversion of rainforest into plantations erodes biodiversity, but further consequences for food-web structure and energetics of belowground communities remains little explored. We used a unique combination of stable isotope analysis and food-web energetics to analyze in a comprehensive way consequences of the conversion of rainforest into oil palm and rubber plantations on the structure of and channeling of energy through soil animal food webs in Sumatra, Indonesia. Across the animal groups studied, most of the taxa had lower litter-calibrated Δ13C values in plantations than in rainforests, suggesting that they switched to freshly-fixed plant carbon ('fast' energy channeling) in plantations from the detrital C pathway ('slow' energy channeling) in rainforests. These shifts led to changes in isotopic divergence, dispersion, evenness, and uniqueness. However, earthworms as major detritivores stayed unchanged in their trophic niche and monopolized the detrital pathway in plantations, resulting in similar energetic metrics across land-use systems. Functional diversity metrics of soil food webs were associated with reduced amount of litter, tree density, and species richness in plantations, providing guidelines on how to improve the complexity of the structure of and channeling of energy through soil food webs. Our results highlight the strong restructuring of soil food webs with the conversion of rainforest into plantations threatening soil functioning and ecosystem stability in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- JF Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Valentyna Krashevska
- JF Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rahayu Widyastuti
- Department of Soil Sciences and Land Resources, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Stefan Scheu
- JF Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anton Potapov
- JF Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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3
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Potapov AM, Beaulieu F, Birkhofer K, Bluhm SL, Degtyarev MI, Devetter M, Goncharov AA, Gongalsky KB, Klarner B, Korobushkin DI, Liebke DF, Maraun M, Mc Donnell RJ, Pollierer MM, Schaefer I, Shrubovych J, Semenyuk II, Sendra A, Tuma J, Tůmová M, Vassilieva AB, Chen T, Geisen S, Schmidt O, Tiunov AV, Scheu S. Feeding habits and multifunctional classification of soil‐associated consumers from protists to vertebrates. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2022; 97:1057-1117. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anton M. Potapov
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology University of Göttingen Untere Karspüle 2 37073 Göttingen Germany
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Prospect 33 119071 Moscow Russia
| | - Frédéric Beaulieu
- Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada Ottawa ON K1A 0C6 Canada
| | - Klaus Birkhofer
- Department of Ecology Brandenburg University of Technology Karl‐Wachsmann‐Allee 6 03046 Cottbus Germany
| | - Sarah L. Bluhm
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology University of Göttingen Untere Karspüle 2 37073 Göttingen Germany
| | - Maxim I. Degtyarev
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Prospect 33 119071 Moscow Russia
| | - Miloslav Devetter
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Soil Biology Na Sádkách 702/7 37005 České Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Anton A. Goncharov
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Prospect 33 119071 Moscow Russia
| | - Konstantin B. Gongalsky
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Prospect 33 119071 Moscow Russia
| | - Bernhard Klarner
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology University of Göttingen Untere Karspüle 2 37073 Göttingen Germany
| | - Daniil I. Korobushkin
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Prospect 33 119071 Moscow Russia
| | - Dana F. Liebke
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology University of Göttingen Untere Karspüle 2 37073 Göttingen Germany
| | - Mark Maraun
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology University of Göttingen Untere Karspüle 2 37073 Göttingen Germany
| | - Rory J. Mc Donnell
- Department of Crop and Soil Science Oregon State University Corvallis OR 97331 U.S.A
| | - Melanie M. Pollierer
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology University of Göttingen Untere Karspüle 2 37073 Göttingen Germany
| | - Ina Schaefer
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology University of Göttingen Untere Karspüle 2 37073 Göttingen Germany
| | - Julia Shrubovych
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Soil Biology Na Sádkách 702/7 37005 České Budějovice Czech Republic
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals PAS Slawkowska 17 Pl 31‐016 Krakow Poland
- State Museum Natural History of NAS of Ukraine Teatralna 18 79008 Lviv Ukraine
| | - Irina I. Semenyuk
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Prospect 33 119071 Moscow Russia
- Joint Russian‐Vietnamese Tropical Center №3 Street 3 Thang 2, Q10 Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Alberto Sendra
- Colecciones Entomológicas Torres‐Sala, Servei de Patrimoni Històric, Ajuntament de València València Spain
- Departament de Didàctica de les Cièncias Experimentals i Socials, Facultat de Magisteri Universitat de València València Spain
| | - Jiri Tuma
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Soil Biology Na Sádkách 702/7 37005 České Budějovice Czech Republic
- Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Entomology Branisovska 1160/31 370 05 Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
| | - Michala Tůmová
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Soil Biology Na Sádkách 702/7 37005 České Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Anna B. Vassilieva
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Prospect 33 119071 Moscow Russia
| | - Ting‐Wen Chen
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Soil Biology Na Sádkách 702/7 37005 České Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Stefan Geisen
- Department of Nematology Wageningen University & Research 6700ES Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Olaf Schmidt
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science University College Dublin Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Alexei V. Tiunov
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Prospect 33 119071 Moscow Russia
| | - Stefan Scheu
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology University of Göttingen Untere Karspüle 2 37073 Göttingen Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use Büsgenweg 1 37077 Göttingen Germany
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4
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Wyckhuys KAG, Nguyen H, Fonte SJ. Artefactual depiction of predator-prey trophic linkages in global soils. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23861. [PMID: 34903745 PMCID: PMC8668944 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03234-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil invertebrates contribute to multiple ecosystem services, including pest control, nutrient cycling, and soil structural regulation, yet trophic interactions that determine their diversity and activity in soils remain critically understudied. Here, we systematically review literature (1966-2020) on feeding habits of soil arthropods and macrofauna and summarize empirically studied predator-prey linkages across ecosystem types, geographies and taxa. Out of 522 unique predators and 372 prey organisms (constituting 1947 predator-prey linkages), the vast majority (> 75%) are only covered in a single study. We report a mean of just 3.0 ± 4.7 documented linkages per organism, with pronounced taxonomic biases. In general, model organisms and crop pests (generally Insecta) are well-studied, while important soil-dwelling predators, fungivores and detritivores (e.g., Collembola, Chilopoda and Malacostraca) remain largely ignored. We argue that broader food-web based research approaches, considering multiple linkages per organism and targeting neglected taxa, are needed to inform science-driven management of soil communities and associated ecosystem services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kris A G Wyckhuys
- Institute of Plant Protection, China Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Chrysalis Consulting, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ha Nguyen
- Center for Agricultural Research and Ecological Studies, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Steven J Fonte
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
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5
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Jochum M, Barnes AD, Brose U, Gauzens B, Sünnemann M, Amyntas A, Eisenhauer N. For flux's sake: General considerations for energy-flux calculations in ecological communities. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:12948-12969. [PMID: 34646445 PMCID: PMC8495806 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Global change alters ecological communities with consequences for ecosystem processes. Such processes and functions are a central aspect of ecological research and vital to understanding and mitigating the consequences of global change, but also those of other drivers of change in organism communities. In this context, the concept of energy flux through trophic networks integrates food-web theory and biodiversity-ecosystem functioning theory and connects biodiversity to multitrophic ecosystem functioning. As such, the energy-flux approach is a strikingly effective tool to answer central questions in ecology and global-change research. This might seem straight forward, given that the theoretical background and software to efficiently calculate energy flux are readily available. However, the implementation of such calculations is not always straight forward, especially for those who are new to the topic and not familiar with concepts central to this line of research, such as food-web theory or metabolic theory. To facilitate wider use of energy flux in ecological research, we thus provide a guide to adopting energy-flux calculations for people new to the method, struggling with its implementation, or simply looking for background reading, important resources, and standard solutions to the problems everyone faces when starting to quantify energy fluxes for their community data. First, we introduce energy flux and its use in community and ecosystem ecology. Then, we provide a comprehensive explanation of the single steps towards calculating energy flux for community data. Finally, we discuss remaining challenges and exciting research frontiers for future energy-flux research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Jochum
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of BiologyLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
| | | | - Ulrich Brose
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of BiodiversityUniversity of JenaJenaGermany
| | - Benoit Gauzens
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of BiodiversityUniversity of JenaJenaGermany
| | - Marie Sünnemann
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of BiologyLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
| | - Angelos Amyntas
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of BiodiversityUniversity of JenaJenaGermany
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of BiologyLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
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6
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Potapov AM, Pollierer MM, Salmon S, Šustr V, Chen T. Multidimensional trophic niche revealed by complementary approaches: Gut content, digestive enzymes, fatty acids and stable isotopes in Collembola. J Anim Ecol 2021; 90:1919-1933. [PMID: 33914342 PMCID: PMC8453724 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Trophic niche differentiation may explain coexistence and shape functional roles of species. In complex natural food webs, however, trophic niche parameters depicted by single and isolated methods may simplify the multidimensional nature of consumer trophic niches, which includes feeding processes such as food choice, ingestion, digestion, assimilation and retention. Here we explore the correlation and complementarity of trophic niche parameters tackled by four complementary methodological approaches, that is, visual gut content, digestive enzyme, fatty acid and stable isotope analyses-each assessing one or few feeding processes, and demonstrate the power of method combination. Focusing on soil ecosystems, where many omnivore species with cryptic feeding habits coexist, we chose Collembola as an example. We compiled 15 key trophic niche parameters for 125 species from 40 studies. We assessed correlations among trophic niche parameters and described variation of these parameters in different Collembola species, families and across life-forms, which represent microhabitat specialisation. Correlation between trophic niche parameters was weak in 45 out of 64 pairwise comparisons, pointing at complementarity of the four methods. Jointly, the results indicated that fungal- and plant-feeding Collembola assimilate storage, rather than structural polysaccharides, and suggested bacterial feeding as a potential alternative feeding strategy. Gut content and fatty acid analyses suggested alignment between ingestion and assimilation/retention processes in fungal- and plant-feeding Collembola. From the 15 trophic niche parameters, six were related to Collembola family identity, suggesting that not all trophic niche dimensions are phylogenetically structured. Only three parameters were related to the life-forms, suggesting that species use various feeding strategies when living in the same microenvironments. Consumers can meet their nutritional needs by varying their food choices, ingestion and digestion strategies, with the connection among different feeding processes being dependent on the consumed resource and consumer adaptations. Multiple methods reveal different dimensions, together drawing a comprehensive picture of the trophic niche. Future studies applying the multidimensional trophic niche approach will allow us to trace trophic complexity and reveal niche partitioning of omnivorous species and their functional roles, especially in cryptic environments such as soils, caves, deep ocean or benthic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton M. Potapov
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and EvolutionRussian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussia
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and AnthropologyUniversity of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Melanie M. Pollierer
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and AnthropologyUniversity of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Sandrine Salmon
- Muséum National d'Histoire NaturelleDépartement Adaptations du VivantUMR 7179 MECADEVBrunoyFrance
| | - Vladimír Šustr
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of SciencesInstitute of Soil BiologyČeské BudějoviceCzech Republic
| | - Ting‐Wen Chen
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of SciencesInstitute of Soil BiologyČeské BudějoviceCzech Republic
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7
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Mafla-Endara PM, Arellano-Caicedo C, Aleklett K, Pucetaite M, Ohlsson P, Hammer EC. Microfluidic chips provide visual access to in situ soil ecology. Commun Biol 2021; 4:889. [PMID: 34285323 PMCID: PMC8292388 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02379-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbes govern most soil functions, but investigation of these processes at the scale of their cells has been difficult to accomplish. Here we incubate microfabricated, transparent 'soil chips' with soil, or bury them directly in the field. Both soil microbes and minerals enter the chips, which enables us to investigate diverse community interdependences, such as inter-kingdom and food-web interactions, and feedbacks between microbes and the pore space microstructures. The presence of hyphae ('fungal highways') strongly and frequently increases the dispersal range and abundance of water-dwelling organisms such as bacteria and protists across air pockets. Physical forces such as water movements, but also organisms and especially fungi form new microhabitats by altering the pore space architecture and distribution of soil minerals in the chip. We show that soil chips hold a large potential for studying in-situ microbial interactions and soil functions, and to interconnect field microbial ecology with laboratory experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Micaela Mafla-Endara
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden ,grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, CEC, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Kristin Aleklett
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden ,grid.6341.00000 0000 8578 2742Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Milda Pucetaite
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Pelle Ohlsson
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Edith C. Hammer
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden ,grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, CEC, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Thakur MP, Phillips HRP, Brose U, De Vries FT, Lavelle P, Loreau M, Mathieu J, Mulder C, Van der Putten WH, Rillig MC, Wardle DA, Bach EM, Bartz MLC, Bennett JM, Briones MJI, Brown G, Decaëns T, Eisenhauer N, Ferlian O, Guerra CA, König‐Ries B, Orgiazzi A, Ramirez KS, Russell DJ, Rutgers M, Wall DH, Cameron EK. Towards an integrative understanding of soil biodiversity. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 95:350-364. [PMID: 31729831 PMCID: PMC7078968 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Soil is one of the most biodiverse terrestrial habitats. Yet, we lack an integrative conceptual framework for understanding the patterns and mechanisms driving soil biodiversity. One of the underlying reasons for our poor understanding of soil biodiversity patterns relates to whether key biodiversity theories (historically developed for aboveground and aquatic organisms) are applicable to patterns of soil biodiversity. Here, we present a systematic literature review to investigate whether and how key biodiversity theories (species-energy relationship, theory of island biogeography, metacommunity theory, niche theory and neutral theory) can explain observed patterns of soil biodiversity. We then discuss two spatial compartments nested within soil at which biodiversity theories can be applied to acknowledge the scale-dependent nature of soil biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhav P. Thakur
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW)WageningenGelderland, The Netherlands
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigSaxony, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig UniversityLeipzigSaxony, Germany
| | - Helen R. P. Phillips
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigSaxony, Germany
| | - Ulrich Brose
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigSaxony, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University JenaJenaThuringia, Germany
| | - Franciska T. De Vries
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of ManchesterManchesterNorth West England, UK
| | | | - Michel Loreau
- Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, CNRS and Paul Sabatier UniversityMoulisOccitanie, France
| | - Jerome Mathieu
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UPECParisÎle-de-France, France
| | - Christian Mulder
- Department BiologicalGeological and Environmental Sciences, University of CataniaCataniaSicily, Italy
| | - Wim H. Van der Putten
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW)WageningenGelderland, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of NematologyWageningen UniversityWageningenGelderland, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias C. Rillig
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of BiologyBerlinGermany
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB)BerlinGermany
| | - David A. Wardle
- Asian School for the Environment, Nanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore
| | - Elizabeth M. Bach
- Department of Biology and School of Global Environmental SustainabilityColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - Marie L. C. Bartz
- Center of Functional Ecology, Department of Life SciencesUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraCentro, Portugal
- Universidade Positivo, Rua Professor Pedro Viriato Parigot de SouzaCuritiba Paraná, Brazil
| | - Joanne M. Bennett
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigSaxony, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle‐WittenbergHalle (Saale)Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
| | - Maria J. I. Briones
- Departamento de Ecología y Biología AnimalUniversidad de VigoVigoGalicien, Spain
| | | | - Thibaud Decaëns
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS–Université de Montpellier–Université Paul‐Valéry Montpellier–EPHE)MontpellierOccitanie, France
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigSaxony, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig UniversityLeipzigSaxony, Germany
| | - Olga Ferlian
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigSaxony, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig UniversityLeipzigSaxony, Germany
| | - Carlos António Guerra
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigSaxony, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle‐WittenbergHalle (Saale)Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
| | - Birgitta König‐Ries
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigSaxony, Germany
- Institute of Computer Science, Friedrich Schiller University JenaJenaThuringia, Germany
| | - Alberto Orgiazzi
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Sustainable Resources DirectorateIspraVareseItaly
| | - Kelly S. Ramirez
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW)WageningenGelderland, The Netherlands
| | - David J. Russell
- Senckenberg Museum of Natural History GörlitzGoerlitzSaxony, Germany
| | - Michiel Rutgers
- National Institute for Public Health and the EnvironmentBilthovenUtrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Diana H. Wall
- Department of Biology and School of Global Environmental SustainabilityColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - Erin K. Cameron
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinki, Uusimaa, Finland
- Department of Environmental ScienceSaint Mary's UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
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9
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Thakur MP. Climate warming and trophic mismatches in terrestrial ecosystems: the green–brown imbalance hypothesis. Biol Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2019.0770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic climate change can give rise to trophic mismatches in food webs owing to differential responses of consumer and resource organisms. However, we know little about the community and ecosystem level consequences of trophic mismatches in food webs. Terrestrial food webs are broadly comprised of two types of food webs: green food webs aboveground and brown food webs belowground between which mass and energy flow mainly via plants. Here, I highlight that the extent of warming-induced trophic mismatches in green and brown food webs differ owing to a greater stasis in brown food webs, which could trigger an imbalance in mass and energy flow between the two food webs. I then discuss the consequences of green–brown imbalance on terrestrial ecosystems and propose research avenues that can help understand the relationships between food webs and ecosystem functions in a warmer world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhav P. Thakur
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
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10
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Trophic Regulations of the Soil Microbiome. Trends Microbiol 2019; 27:771-780. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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11
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Holighaus G, Rohlfs M. Volatile and non-volatile fungal oxylipins in fungus-invertebrate interactions. FUNGAL ECOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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12
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Steffan SA, Dharampal PS. Undead food-webs: Integrating microbes into the food-chain. FOOD WEBS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fooweb.2018.e00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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13
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Potapov AM, Tiunov AV, Scheu S. Uncovering trophic positions and food resources of soil animals using bulk natural stable isotope composition. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2019; 94:37-59. [PMID: 29920907 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Despite the major importance of soil biota in nutrient and energy fluxes, interactions in soil food webs are poorly understood. Here we provide an overview of recent advances in uncovering the trophic structure of soil food webs using natural variations in stable isotope ratios. We discuss approaches of application, normalization and interpretation of stable isotope ratios along with methodological pitfalls. Analysis of published data from temperate forest ecosystems is used to outline emerging concepts and perspectives in soil food web research. In contrast to aboveground and aquatic food webs, trophic fractionation at the basal level of detrital food webs is large for carbon and small for nitrogen stable isotopes. Virtually all soil animals are enriched in 13 C as compared to plant litter. This 'detrital shift' likely reflects preferential uptake of 13 C-enriched microbial biomass and underlines the importance of microorganisms, in contrast to dead plant material, as a major food resource for the soil animal community. Soil organic matter is enriched in 15 N and 13 C relative to leaf litter. Decomposers inhabiting mineral soil layers therefore might be enriched in 15 N resulting in overlap in isotope ratios between soil-dwelling detritivores and litter-dwelling predators. By contrast, 13 C content varies little between detritivores in upper litter and in mineral soil, suggesting that they rely on similar basal resources, i.e. little decomposed organic matter. Comparing vertical isotope gradients in animals and in basal resources can be a valuable tool to assess trophic interactions and dynamics of organic matter in soil. As indicated by stable isotope composition, direct feeding on living plant material as well as on mycorrhizal fungi is likely rare among soil invertebrates. Plant carbon is taken up predominantly by saprotrophic microorganisms and channelled to higher trophic levels of the soil food web. However, feeding on photoautotrophic microorganisms and non-vascular plants may play an important role in fuelling soil food webs. The trophic niche of most high-rank animal taxa spans at least two trophic levels, implying the use of a wide range of resources. Therefore, to identify trophic species and links in food webs, low-rank taxonomic identification is required. Despite overlap in feeding strategies, stable isotope composition of the high-rank taxonomic groups reflects differences in trophic level and in the use of basal resources. Different taxonomic groups of predators and decomposers are likely linked to different pools of organic matter in soil, suggesting different functional roles and indicating that trophic niches in soil animal communities are phylogenetically structured. During last two decades studies using stable isotope analysis have elucidated the trophic structure of soil communities, clarified basal food resources of the soil food web and revealed links between above- and belowground ecosystem compartments. Extending the use of stable isotope analysis to a wider range of soil-dwelling organisms, including microfauna, and a larger array of ecosystems provides the perspective of a comprehensive understanding of the structure and functioning of soil food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton M Potapov
- University of Göttingen, J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073 Göttingen, Germany.,Russian Academy of Sciences, A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Leninsky Prospect 33, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexei V Tiunov
- Russian Academy of Sciences, A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Leninsky Prospect 33, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Stefan Scheu
- University of Göttingen, J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073 Göttingen, Germany.,University of Göttingen, Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, Von-Siebold-Str. 8, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
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14
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Potapov AM, Tiunov AV, Scheu S, Larsen T, Pollierer MM. Combining bulk and amino acid stable isotope analyses to quantify trophic level and basal resources of detritivores: a case study on earthworms. Oecologia 2019; 189:447-460. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-018-04335-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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15
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Heethoff M, Brückner A, Schmelzle S, Schubert M, Bräuer M, Meusinger R, Dötterl S, Norton RA, Raspotnig G. Life as a fortress – structure, function, and adaptive values of morphological and chemical defense in the oribatid mite Euphthiracarus reticulatus (Actinotrichida). BMC ZOOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1186/s40850-018-0031-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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16
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Lazzaro L, Mazza G, d'Errico G, Fabiani A, Giuliani C, Inghilesi AF, Lagomarsino A, Landi S, Lastrucci L, Pastorelli R, Roversi PF, Torrini G, Tricarico E, Foggi B. How ecosystems change following invasion by Robinia pseudoacacia: Insights from soil chemical properties and soil microbial, nematode, microarthropod and plant communities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 622-623:1509-1518. [PMID: 29054645 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Biological invasions are a global threat to biodiversity. Since the spread of invasive alien plants may have many impacts, an integrated approach, assessing effects across various ecosystem components, is needed for a correct understanding of the invasion process and its consequences. The nitrogen-fixing tree Robinia pseudoacacia (black locust) is a major invasive species worldwide and is used in forestry production. While its effects on plant communities and soils are well known, there have been few studies on soil fauna and microbes. We investigated the impacts of the tree on several ecosystem components, using a multi-trophic approach to combine evidence of soil chemical properties and soil microbial, nematode, microarthropod and plant communities. We sampled soil and vegetation in managed forests, comparing those dominated by black locust with native deciduous oak stands. We found qualitative and quantitative changes in all components analysed, such as the well-known soil nitrification and acidification in stands invaded by black locust. Bacterial richness was the only component favoured by the invasion. On the contrary, abundance and richness of microarthropods, richness of nematodes, and richness and diversity of plant communities decreased significantly in invaded stands. The invasion process caused a compositional shift in all studied biotic communities and in relationships between the different ecosystem components. We obtained clear insights into the effects of invasion of managed native forests by black locust. Our data confirms that the alien species transforms several ecosystem components, modifying the plant-soil community and affecting biodiversity at different levels. Correct management of this aggressive invader in temperate forests is urgently required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Lazzaro
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, via G. La Pira 4, I-50121 Florence, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Mazza
- CREA-DC, Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria, Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, via di Lanciola 12/A, I-50125, Cascine del Riccio, Florence, Italy
| | - Giada d'Errico
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy; CNR - Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante (IPSP), via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Arturo Fabiani
- CREA-AA, Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria, Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, via di Lanciola 12/A, I-50125, Cascine del Riccio, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudia Giuliani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto F Inghilesi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, via Romana 17, I-50125 Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandra Lagomarsino
- CREA-AA, Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria, Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, via di Lanciola 12/A, I-50125, Cascine del Riccio, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Landi
- CREA-DC, Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria, Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, via di Lanciola 12/A, I-50125, Cascine del Riccio, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Lastrucci
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, via G. La Pira 4, I-50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Roberta Pastorelli
- CREA-AA, Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria, Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, via di Lanciola 12/A, I-50125, Cascine del Riccio, Florence, Italy
| | - Pio Federico Roversi
- CREA-DC, Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria, Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, via di Lanciola 12/A, I-50125, Cascine del Riccio, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Torrini
- CREA-DC, Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria, Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, via di Lanciola 12/A, I-50125, Cascine del Riccio, Florence, Italy
| | - Elena Tricarico
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, via Romana 17, I-50125 Florence, Italy
| | - Bruno Foggi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, via G. La Pira 4, I-50121 Florence, Italy
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17
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Zieger SL, Ammerschubert S, Polle A, Scheu S. Root-derived carbon and nitrogen from beech and ash trees differentially fuel soil animal food webs of deciduous forests. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189502. [PMID: 29236746 PMCID: PMC5728517 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence is increasing that soil animal food webs are fueled by root-derived carbon (C) and also by root-derived nitrogen (N). Functioning as link between the above- and belowground system, trees and their species identity are important drivers structuring soil animal communities. A pulse labeling experiment using 15N and 13C was conducted by exposing beech (Fagus sylvatica) and ash (Fraxinus excelsior) seedlings to 13CO2 enriched atmosphere and tree leaves to 15N ammonium chloride solution in a plant growth chamber under controlled conditions for 72 h. C and N fluxes into the soil animal food web of beech, associated with ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF), and ash, associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), were investigated at two sampling dates (5 and 20 days after labeling). All of the soil animal taxa studied incorporated root-derived C, while root-derived N was only incorporated into certain taxa. Tree species identity strongly affected C and N incorporation with the incorporation in the beech rhizosphere generally exceeding that in the ash rhizosphere. Incorporation differed little between 5 and 20 days after labeling indicating that both C and N are incorporated quickly into soil animals and are used for tissue formation. Our results suggest that energy and nutrient fluxes in soil food webs depend on the identity of tree species with the differences being associated with different types of mycorrhiza. Further research is needed to prove the generality of these findings and to quantify the flux of plant C and N into soil food webs of forests and other terrestrial ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L. Zieger
- University of Göttingen, J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, Animal Ecology, Göttingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Silke Ammerschubert
- University of Göttingen, Büsgen Institute, Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Polle
- University of Göttingen, Büsgen Institute, Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Scheu
- University of Göttingen, J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, Animal Ecology, Göttingen, Germany
- University of Göttingen, Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, Göttingen, Germany
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18
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Laigle I, Aubin I, Digel C, Brose U, Boulangeat I, Gravel D. Species traits as drivers of food web structure. OIKOS 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.04712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Idaline Laigle
- Dépt de biologie; Univ. de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boulevard l'Université; Sherbrooke QC, J1K 2R1 Canada
| | - Isabelle Aubin
- Québec Centre for Biodiversity Science. - I. Aubin, Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Sault Ste.; Marie ON Canada
| | - Christoph Digel
- Inst. für Zoologie und Anthropologie. Georg-August-Univ. Göttingen; Göttingen Germany
| | - Ulrich Brose
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - Isabelle Boulangeat
- Dept of Bioscience - Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity; Aarhus Univ.; Aarhus Denmark
| | - Dominique Gravel
- Dépt de biologie; Univ. de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boulevard l'Université; Sherbrooke QC, J1K 2R1 Canada
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19
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Jochum M, Barnes AD, Ott D, Lang B, Klarner B, Farajallah A, Scheu S, Brose U. Decreasing Stoichiometric Resource Quality Drives Compensatory Feeding across Trophic Levels in Tropical Litter Invertebrate Communities. Am Nat 2017; 190:131-143. [DOI: 10.1086/691790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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20
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Steffan SA, Chikaraishi Y, Dharampal PS, Pauli JN, Guédot C, Ohkouchi N. Unpacking brown food-webs: Animal trophic identity reflects rampant microbivory. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:3532-3541. [PMID: 28515888 PMCID: PMC5433990 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Detritivory is the dominant trophic paradigm in most terrestrial, aquatic, and marine ecosystems, yet accurate measurement of consumer trophic position within detrital (=“brown”) food webs has remained unresolved. Measurement of detritivore trophic position is complicated by the fact that detritus is suffused with microbes, creating a detrital complex of living and nonliving biomass. Given that microbes and metazoans are trophic analogues of each other, animals feeding on detrital complexes are ingesting other detritivores (microbes), which should elevate metazoan trophic position and should be rampant within brown food webs. We tested these hypotheses using isotopic (15N) analyses of amino acids extracted from wild and laboratory‐cultured consumers. Vertebrate (fish) and invertebrate detritivores (beetles and moths) were reared on detritus, with and without microbial colonization. In the field, detritivorous animal specimens were collected and analyzed to compare trophic identities among laboratory‐reared and free‐roaming detritivores. When colonized by bacteria or fungi, the trophic positions of detrital complexes increased significantly over time. The magnitude of trophic inflation was mediated by the extent of microbial consumption of detrital substrates. When detrital complexes were fed to vertebrate and invertebrate animals, the consumers registered similar degrees of trophic inflation, albeit one trophic level higher than their diets. The wild‐collected detritivore fauna in our study exhibited significantly elevated trophic positions. Our findings suggest that the trophic positions of detrital complexes rise predictably as microbes convert nonliving organic matter into living microbial biomass. Animals consuming such detrital complexes exhibit similar trophic inflation, directly attributable to the assimilation of microbe‐derived amino acids. Our data demonstrate that detritivorous microbes elevate metazoan trophic position, suggesting that detritivory among animals is, functionally, omnivory. By quantifying the impacts of microbivory on the trophic positions of detritivorous animals and then tracking how these effects propagate “up” food chains, we reveal the degree to which microbes influence consumer groups within trophic hierarchies. The trophic inflation observed among our field‐collected fauna further suggests that microbial proteins represent an immense contribution to metazoan biomass. Collectively, these findings provide an empirical basis to interpret detritivore trophic identity, and further illuminate the magnitude of microbial contributions to food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn A Steffan
- Department of Entomology University of Wisconsin Madison WI USA.,US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Madison WI USA
| | - Yoshito Chikaraishi
- Department of Biogeochemistry Japan Agency for Marine Science & Technology Yokosuka Japan.,Institute of Low Temperature Science Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan
| | | | - Jonathan N Pauli
- Department of Forest & Wildlife Ecology University of Wisconsin Madison WI USA
| | | | - Naohiko Ohkouchi
- Department of Biogeochemistry Japan Agency for Marine Science & Technology Yokosuka Japan
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Roslin T, Majaneva S. The use of DNA barcodes in food web construction-terrestrial and aquatic ecologists unite! Genome 2016; 59:603-28. [PMID: 27484156 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2015-0229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
By depicting who eats whom, food webs offer descriptions of how groupings in nature (typically species or populations) are linked to each other. For asking questions on how food webs are built and work, we need descriptions of food webs at different levels of resolution. DNA techniques provide opportunities for highly resolved webs. In this paper, we offer an exposé of how DNA-based techniques, and DNA barcodes in particular, have recently been used to construct food web structure in both terrestrial and aquatic systems. We highlight how such techniques can be applied to simultaneously improve the taxonomic resolution of the nodes of the web (i.e., the species), and the links between them (i.e., who eats whom). We end by proposing how DNA barcodes and DNA information may allow new approaches to the construction of larger interaction webs, and overcome some hurdles to achieving adequate sample size. Most importantly, we propose that the joint adoption and development of these techniques may serve to unite approaches to food web studies in aquatic and terrestrial systems-revealing the extent to which food webs in these environments are structured similarly to or differently from each other, and how they are linked by dispersal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Roslin
- a Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7044, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.,b Spatial Foodweb Ecology Group, Department of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 27, (Latokartanonkaari 5), FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sanna Majaneva
- c Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial model Systems (EEMiS), Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, 39182 Kalmar, Sweden
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22
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Sitvarin MI, Rypstra AL, Harwood JD. Linking the green and brown worlds through nonconsumptive predator effects. OIKOS 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.03190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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