1
|
Gallardo-Navarro O, Aguilar-Salinas B, Rocha J, Olmedo-Álvarez G. Higher-order interactions and emergent properties of microbial communities: The power of synthetic ecology. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33896. [PMID: 39130413 PMCID: PMC11315108 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Humans have long relied on microbial communities to create products, produce energy, and treat waste. The microbiota residing within our bodies directly impacts our health, while the soil and rhizosphere microbiomes influence the productivity of our crops. However, the complexity and diversity of microbial communities make them challenging to study and difficult to develop into applications, as they often exhibit the emergence of unpredictable higher-order phenomena. Synthetic ecology aims at simplifying complexity by constituting synthetic or semi-natural microbial communities with reduced diversity that become easier to study and analyze. This strategy combines methodologies that simplify existing complex systems (top-down approach) or build the system from its constituent components (bottom-up approach). Simplified communities are studied to understand how interactions among populations shape the behavior of the community and to model and predict their response to external stimuli. By harnessing the potential of synthetic microbial communities through a multidisciplinary approach, we can advance knowledge of ecological concepts and address critical public health, agricultural, and environmental issues more effectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Gallardo-Navarro
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzado del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Irapuato, Mexico
| | - Bernardo Aguilar-Salinas
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzado del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Irapuato, Mexico
| | - Jorge Rocha
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S. C., La Paz, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Olmedo-Álvarez
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzado del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Irapuato, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ojeda-Prieto L, Medina-van Berkum P, Unsicker SB, Heinen R, Weisser WW. Intraspecific chemical variation of Tanacetum vulgare affects plant growth and reproductive traits in field plant communities. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2024. [PMID: 38593287 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The study investigated the impact of intraspecific plant chemodiversity on plant growth and reproductive traits at both the plant and plot levels. It also aimed to understand how chemodiversity at stand level affects ecosystem functioning and plant-plant interactions. We describe a biodiversity experiment in which we manipulated intraspecific plant chemodiversity at the plot level using six different chemotypes of common tansy (Tanacetum vulgare L., Asteraceae). We tested the effects of chemotype identity and plot-level chemotype richness on plant growth and reproductive traits and plot-level headspace emissions. The study found that plant chemotypes differed in growth and reproductive traits and that traits were affected by the chemotype richness of the plots. Although morphological differences among chemotypes became less pronounced over time, reproductive phenology patterns persisted. Plot-level trait means were also affected by the presence or absence of certain chemotypes in a plot, and the direction of the effect depended on the specific chemotype. However, chemotype richness did not lead to overyielding effects. Lastly, chemotype blends released from plant communities were neither richer nor more diverse with increasing plot-level chemotype richness, but became more dissimilar as they became more dissimilar in their leaf terpenoid profiles. We found that intraspecific plant chemodiversity is crucial in plant-plant interactions. We also found that the effects of chemodiversity on plant growth and reproductive traits were complex and varied depending on the chemotype richness of the plots. This long-term field experiment will allow further investigation into plant-insect interactions and insect community assembly in response to intraspecific chemodiversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Ojeda-Prieto
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department for Life Science Systems, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - P Medina-van Berkum
- Department for Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - S B Unsicker
- Department for Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
- Plant-Environment-Interactions Group, Botanical Institute, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - R Heinen
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department for Life Science Systems, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - W W Weisser
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department for Life Science Systems, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Carvajal DE, Loayza AP, Squeo FA. Functional diversity and spatial association analyses at different spatial scales reveal no changes in community assembly processes along an aridity gradient in the Atacama Desert. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19905. [PMID: 37963983 PMCID: PMC10646005 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47187-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The structuring of plant assemblages along environmental gradients is typically explained by shifts from competition (limiting similarity) to environmental filtering as the environment becomes more stressful. However, facilitation, weaker-competitor exclusion, environmental heterogeneity, and the colonization-competition tradeoff can also structure plant assemblages along gradients. These assembly processes act on different plant traits and organs, and their prevalence varies with respect to the spatial scale. Using patterns of functional diversity, coupled with patterns of species association at two spatial scales, here we discern the assembly processes that structure shrub communities in four localities along an aridity gradient of the Atacama Desert. At each site, we calculated functional dispersion indexes for above- and below-ground traits, and patterns of species association at a patch and neighborhood scale. Our results revealed that at the patch scale in intermediate levels of aridity, the dominant assembly process was within-site environmental heterogeneity. At the neighborhood scale, communities are assembled mainly through random processes. Nonetheless, in some communities, the dominant assembly process was competition via limiting similarity or exclusion of the weaker competitor, and these did not change along the gradient. Together, these results reveal that environmental heterogeneity and competition are the main drivers of plant community assembly in a hyper-arid environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danny E Carvajal
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad de La Serena, Casilla 554, La Serena, Chile.
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Santiago, Chile.
| | - Andrea P Loayza
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Santiago, Chile
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad de La Serena, 1720256, La Serena, Chile
| | - Francisco A Squeo
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad de La Serena, Casilla 554, La Serena, Chile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), La Serena, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Huang Z, Li Y, Wang W, Li B, Luo W, Wang Y, Chu C. The unimodal intransitivity-fertility relationship is not mediated by demographic trade-offs in a subtropical forest. Ecology 2023; 104:e4172. [PMID: 37768319 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Intransitive competition has long been acknowledged as a potential mechanism favoring species coexistence. However, its prevalence, variance along environmental gradients, and possible underlying mechanisms (trade-offs) in plant communities (especially in forests) has seldom been examined. A recently developed "reverse-engineering" approach based on Markov Chain allowed us to estimate the competitive transition matrices and competitive intransitivity from observational abundance data. Using this approach, we estimated competitive intransitivity of five dominant species in a subtropical forest and then related it to soil fertility (soil organic matter and soil pH) and demographic trade-offs (growth-survival and stature-recruitment trade-offs). In our forest plot, intransitive competition was common among the dominant species and peaked at the intermediate level of soil organic matter. Neither the growth-survival trade-off nor the stature-recruitment trade-off was positively related to competitive intransitivity. Our study for the first time empirically supported the unimodal intransitivity-fertility relationship in forests, which, however, was not mediated by the two demographic trade-offs in our plot.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengliang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanzhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Buhang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenqi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Youshi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengjin Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wu J, Zhang Q. 非传递性竞争在物种共存中的作用. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2022. [DOI: 10.1360/tb-2022-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
6
|
Müller J, Brandl R, Cadotte MW, Heibl C, Bässler C, Weiß I, Birkhofer K, Thorn S, Seibold S. A replicated study on the response of spider assemblages to regional and local processes. ECOL MONOGR 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Müller
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter University of Würzburg, Glashüttenstraße 5 Rauhenebrach Germany
- Bavarian Forest National Park, Freyunger Str. 2 Grafenau Germany
| | - Roland Brandl
- Department of Ecology ‐ Animal Ecology, Faculty of Biology Philipps‐Universität Marburg, Karl‐von‐Frisch Str. 8 Marburg Germany
| | - Marc W. Cadotte
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Toronto–Scarborough Toronto Canada
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto Toronto Canada
| | - Christoph Heibl
- Bavarian Forest National Park, Freyunger Str. 2 Grafenau Germany
| | - Claus Bässler
- Conservation Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity Goethe‐University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Ingmar Weiß
- Bavarian Forest National Park, Freyunger Str. 2 Grafenau Germany
| | - Klaus Birkhofer
- Department of Ecology Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus‐Senftenberg, Konrad‐Wachsmann Allee 6 Cottbus Germany
| | - Simon Thorn
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter University of Würzburg, Glashüttenstraße 5 Rauhenebrach Germany
| | - Sebastian Seibold
- Technical University of Munich Freising Germany
- Berchtesgaden National Park Berchtesgaden Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bizic M, Ionescu D, Karnatak R, Musseau CL, Onandia G, Berger SA, Nejstgaard JC, Lischeid G, Gessner MO, Wollrab S, Grossart HP. Land-use type temporarily affects active pond community structure but not gene expression patterns. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:1716-1734. [PMID: 35028982 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Changes in land use and agricultural intensification threaten biodiversity and ecosystem functioning of small water bodies. We studied 67 kettle holes (KH) in an agricultural landscape in northeastern Germany using landscape-scale metatranscriptomics, to understand the responses of active bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic communities, to land-use type. These KH are proxies of the millions of small standing water bodies of glacial origin spread across the northern hemisphere. Like other landscapes in Europe, the study area has been used for intensive agriculture since the 1950s. In contrast to a parallel eDNA study which revealed the homogenization of biodiversity across KH conceivably resulting from long-lasting intensive agriculture, land-use type affected the structure of the active KH communities during spring crop fertilization, but not a month later. This effect was more pronounced in eukaryotes than in bacteria. In contrast, gene expression patterns did not differ between months or across land-use type, suggesting a high degree of functional redundancy across the KH communities. Variability in gene expression was best explained by active bacterial and eukaryotic community structures, suggesting that these changes in functioning are primarily driven by interactions between organisms. Our results show that influences of the surrounding landscape result in temporary changes in the activity of different community members. Thus, even in KH where biodiversity has been homogenized, communities continue to respond to land management. This needs to be considered when developing sustainable management options for restoration purposes and for successful mitigation of further biodiversity loss in agricultural landscapes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Bizic
- Departments of Experimental Limnology and Ecosystem Research, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Stechlin and Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - D Ionescu
- Departments of Experimental Limnology and Ecosystem Research, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Stechlin and Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - R Karnatak
- Departments of Experimental Limnology and Ecosystem Research, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Stechlin and Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - C L Musseau
- Departments of Experimental Limnology and Ecosystem Research, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Stechlin and Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Institute of Biology, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - G Onandia
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany.,Research Platform Data Analysis and Simulation, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany
| | - S A Berger
- Departments of Experimental Limnology and Ecosystem Research, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Stechlin and Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - J C Nejstgaard
- Departments of Experimental Limnology and Ecosystem Research, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Stechlin and Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - G Lischeid
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany.,Research Platform Data Analysis and Simulation, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany.,Institute for Environmental Sciences and Geography, Potsdam University, Potsdam, Germany
| | - M O Gessner
- Departments of Experimental Limnology and Ecosystem Research, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Stechlin and Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Ecology, Berlin Institute of Technology (TU Berlin), Berlin, Germany
| | - S Wollrab
- Departments of Experimental Limnology and Ecosystem Research, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Stechlin and Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - H-P Grossart
- Departments of Experimental Limnology and Ecosystem Research, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Stechlin and Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, Potsdam, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Trevenen EJ, Veneklaas EJ, Teste FP, Dobrowolski M, Mucina L, Renton M. Positive heterospecific interactions can increase long‐term diversity of plant communities more than negative conspecific interactions alone. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J. Trevenen
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Western Australia Perth WA Australia
| | - Erik J. Veneklaas
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Western Australia Perth WA Australia
- School of Agriculture and Environment The University of Western Australia Perth WA Australia
| | - François P. Teste
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Western Australia Perth WA Australia
- Grupo de Estudios Ambientales IMASL‐CONICET & Universidad Nacional de San Luis San Luis Argentina
- Swift Current Research and Development Centre Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada Swift Current SK Canada
| | - Mark P. Dobrowolski
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Western Australia Perth WA Australia
- Iluka Resources Limited Perth WA Australia
- Harry Butler Institute Murdoch University Perth WA Australia
| | - Ladislav Mucina
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Western Australia Perth WA Australia
- Harry Butler Institute Murdoch University Perth WA Australia
- Department of Geography & Environmental Studies Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch South Africa
| | - Michael Renton
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Western Australia Perth WA Australia
- School of Agriculture and Environment The University of Western Australia Perth WA Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kinlock NL, Munch SB. Interaction network structure and spatial patterns influence invasiveness and invasibility in a stochastic model of plant communities. OIKOS 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L. Kinlock
- Dept of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook Univ. Stony Brook NY USA
- Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Santa Cruz CA USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kühn P, Ratier Backes A, Römermann C, Bruelheide H, Haider S. Contrasting patterns of intraspecific trait variability in native and non-native plant species along an elevational gradient on Tenerife, Canary Islands. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2021; 127:565-576. [PMID: 32318707 PMCID: PMC7988510 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcaa067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Non-native plant species are not restricted to lowlands, but increasingly are invading high elevations. While for both native and non-native species we expected variability of plant functional traits due to the changing environmental conditions along elevational gradients, we additionally assumed that non-native species are characterized by a more acquisitive growth strategy, as traits reflecting such a strategy have been found to correlate with invasion success. Furthermore, the typical lowland introduction of non-native species coming from multiple origins should lead to higher trait variability within populations of non-native species specifically at low elevations, and they might therefore occupy a larger total trait space. METHODS Along an elevational gradient ranging from 55 to 1925 m a.s.l. on Tenerife, we collected leaves from eight replicate individuals in eight evenly distributed populations of five native and six non-native forb species. In each population, we measured ten eco-morphological and leaf biochemical traits and calculated trait variability within each population and the total trait space occupied by native and non-native species. KEY RESULTS We found both positive (e.g. leaf dry matter content) and negative (e.g. leaf N) correlations with elevation for native species, but only few responses for non-native species. For non-native species, within-population variability of leaf dry matter content and specific leaf area decreased with elevation, but increased for native species. The total trait space occupied by all non-native species was smaller than and a subset of that of native species. CONCLUSIONS We found little evidence that intraspecific trait variability is associated with the success of non-native species to spread towards higher elevations. Instead, for non-native species, our results indicate that intermediate trait values that meet the requirements of various conditions are favourable across the changing environmental conditions along elevational gradients. As a consequence, this might prevent non-native species from overcoming abruptly changing environmental conditions, such as when crossing the treeline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Kühn
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
| | - Amanda Ratier Backes
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christine Römermann
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
- Plant Biodiversity Group, Institute of Ecology and Evolution with Herbarium Haussknecht and Botanical Garden, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sylvia Haider
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lepers C, Billiard S, Porte M, Méléard S, Tran VC. Inference with selection, varying population size, and evolving population structure: application of ABC to a forward-backward coalescent process with interactions. Heredity (Edinb) 2021; 126:335-350. [PMID: 33128035 PMCID: PMC8027416 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-020-00381-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic data are often used to infer demographic history and changes or detect genes under selection. Inferential methods are commonly based on models making various strong assumptions: demography and population structures are supposed a priori known, the evolution of the genetic composition of a population does not affect demography nor population structure, and there is no selection nor interaction between and within genetic strains. In this paper, we present a stochastic birth-death model with competitive interactions and asexual reproduction. We develop an inferential procedure for ecological, demographic, and genetic parameters. We first show how genetic diversity and genealogies are related to birth and death rates, and to how individuals compete within and between strains. This leads us to propose an original model of phylogenies, with trait structure and interactions, that allows multiple merging. Second, we develop an Approximate Bayesian Computation framework to use our model for analyzing genetic data. We apply our procedure to simulated data from a toy model, and to real data by analyzing the genetic diversity of microsatellites on Y-chromosomes sampled from Central Asia human populations in order to test whether different social organizations show significantly different fertilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sylvain Billiard
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 819 8 -Evo-Eco-Paleo, F-59000, Lille, France.
| | - Matthieu Porte
- IGN, Institut National de l'Information Géographique et Forestière, F-94165, Saint-Mandé, France.
| | - Sylvie Méléard
- CMAP, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut polytechnique de Paris, route de Saclay, 91128, Palaiseau Cedex, France.
| | - Viet Chi Tran
- LAMA, Univ Gustave Eiffel, Univ Paris Est Creteil, CNRS, F-77454, Marne-la-Vallée, France.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yang Y, Hui C. How competitive intransitivity and niche overlap affect spatial coexistence. OIKOS 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.07735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Yang
- School of Mathematics, Southwest Jiaotong Univ. Chengdu China
| | - Cang Hui
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Dept of Mathematical Sciences, Stellenbosch Univ. Matieland South Africa
- Biodiversity Informatics Unit, African Inst. for Mathematical Sciences Cape Town South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bañares-de-Dios G, Macía MJ, Granzow-de la Cerda Í, Arnelas I, Martins de Carvalho G, Espinosa CI, Salinas N, Swenson NG, Cayuela L. Linking patterns and processes of tree community assembly across spatial scales in tropical montane forests. Ecology 2020; 101:e03058. [PMID: 32304221 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have tried to assess the role of both deterministic and stochastic processes in community assembly, yet a lack of consensus exists on which processes are more prevalent and at which spatial scales they operate. To shed light on this issue, we tested two nonmutually exclusive, scale-dependent hypotheses: (1) that competitive exclusion dominates at small spatial scales; and (2) that environmental filtering does so at larger ones. To accomplish this, we studied the functional patterns of tropical montane forest communities along two altitudinal gradients, in Ecuador and Peru, using floristic and functional data from 60 plots of 0.1 ha. We found no evidence of either functional overdispersion or clustering at small spatial scales, but we did find functional clustering at larger ones. The observed pattern of clustering, consistent with an environmental filtering process, was more evident when maximizing the environmental differences among any pair of plots. To strengthen the link between the observed community functional pattern and the underlying process of environmental filtering, we explored differences in the climatic preferences of the most abundant species found at lower and higher elevations and examined whether their abundances shifted along the elevation gradient. We found (1) that greater community functional differences (observed between lower and upper tropical montane forest assemblies) were mostly the result of strong climatic preferences, maintained across the Neotropics; and (2) that the abundances of such species shifted along the elevational gradient. Our findings support the conclusion that, at large spatial scales, environmental filtering is the overriding mechanism for community assembly, because the pattern of functional clustering was linked to species' similarities in their climatic preferences, which ultimately resulted in shifts in species abundances along the gradient. However, there was no evidence of competitive exclusion at more homogeneous, smaller spatial scales, where plant species effectively compete for resources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Bañares-de-Dios
- Departamento de Biología, Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, Móstoles, Madrid, ES- 28933, Spain
| | - Manuel J Macía
- Departamento de Biología, Área de Botánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Darwin 2, Madrid, ES-28049, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Darwin 2, Madrid, ES-28049, Spain
| | - Íñigo Granzow-de la Cerda
- Departamento de Biología, Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, Móstoles, Madrid, ES- 28933, Spain
| | - Itziar Arnelas
- Herbario HUTPL, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, A. P. 11-01-608, Loja, Ecuador
| | - Gabriel Martins de Carvalho
- Departamento de Biología, Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, Móstoles, Madrid, ES- 28933, Spain
| | - Carlos I Espinosa
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, A.P. 11-01-608, Loja, Ecuador
| | - Norma Salinas
- Sección Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, A.P. Lima 32, Lima, Perú.,ECI, School of Geography and Environment, University of Oxford, OX1 3QY, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Nathan G Swenson
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA
| | - Luis Cayuela
- Departamento de Biología, Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, Móstoles, Madrid, ES- 28933, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Billiard S, Smadi C. Stochastic Dynamics of Three Competing Clones: Conditions and Times for Invasion, Coexistence, and Fixation. Am Nat 2020; 195:463-484. [DOI: 10.1086/707017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
15
|
Feng Y, Soliveres S, Allan E, Rosenbaum B, Wagg C, Tabi A, De Luca E, Eisenhauer N, Schmid B, Weigelt A, Weisser WW, Roscher C, Fischer M. Inferring competitive outcomes, ranks and intransitivity from empirical data: A comparison of different methods. Methods Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhao Feng
- Department of Physiological Diversity Helmholtz Centre for Environmental ResearchUFZ Leipzig Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐ecosystems College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology Lanzhou University Lanzhou China
| | - Santiago Soliveres
- Department of Ecology University of Alicante Alicante Spain
- Institute of Plant Sciences University of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | - Eric Allan
- Institute of Plant Sciences University of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Rosenbaum
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity University of Jena Jena Germany
| | - Cameron Wagg
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Andrea Tabi
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Enrica De Luca
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Institute of Biology University of Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Bernhard Schmid
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Weigelt
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Institute of Biology University of Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Wolfgang W. Weisser
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan Technical University of Munich Freising Germany
| | - Christiane Roscher
- Department of Physiological Diversity Helmholtz Centre for Environmental ResearchUFZ Leipzig Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Markus Fischer
- Institute of Plant Sciences University of Bern Bern Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Functional traits reveal the presence and nature of multiple processes in the assembly of marine fish communities. Oecologia 2019; 192:143-154. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04555-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
17
|
Schamp BS, Jensen AM. Evidence of limiting similarity revealed using a conservative assessment of coexistence. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon S. Schamp
- Department of Biology Algoma University 1520 Queen Street East Sault Ste. Marie Ontario P6A 2G4 Canada
| | - Ashley M. Jensen
- Department of Biology Algoma University 1520 Queen Street East Sault Ste. Marie Ontario P6A 2G4 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Brito-Millán M, Werner BT, Sandin SA, McNamara DE. Influence of aggregation on benthic coral reef spatio-temporal dynamics. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:181703. [PMID: 30891282 PMCID: PMC6408412 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.181703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Spatial patterning of coral reef sessile benthic organisms can constrain competitive and demographic rates, with implications for dynamics over a range of time scales. However, techniques for quantifying and analysing reefscape behaviour, particularly at short to intermediate time scales (weeks to decades), are lacking. An analysis of the dynamics of coral reefscapes simulated with a lattice model shows consistent trends that can be categorized into four stages: a repelling stage that moves rapidly away from an unstable initial condition, a transient stage where spatial rearrangements bring key competitors into contact, an attracting stage where the reefscape decays to a steady-state attractor, and an attractor stage. The transient stage exhibits nonlinear dynamics, whereas the other stages are linear. The relative durations of the stages are affected by the initial spatial configuration as characterized by coral aggregation-a measure of spatial clumpiness, which together with coral and macroalgae fractional cover, more completely describe modelled reefscape dynamics. Incorporating diffusional processes results in aggregated patterns persisting in the attractor. Our quantitative characterization of reefscape dynamics has possible applications to other spatio-temporal systems and implications for reef restoration: high initial aggregation patterns slow losses in herbivore-limited systems and low initial aggregation configurations accelerate growth in herbivore-dominated systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Brito-Millán
- Complex Systems Laboratory, Climate, Atmospheric Sciences, and Physical Oceanography, and University of California - San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0230, USA
- Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of San Diego, 5998 Alcalá Park, San Diego, CA 92110-2492, USA
- Environmental and Ocean Sciences Department, University of San Diego, 5998 Alcalá Park, San Diego, CA 92110-2492, USA
| | - B. T. Werner
- Complex Systems Laboratory, Climate, Atmospheric Sciences, and Physical Oceanography, and University of California - San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0230, USA
| | - Stuart A. Sandin
- Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of San Diego, 5998 Alcalá Park, San Diego, CA 92110-2492, USA
| | - Dylan E. McNamara
- Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography/Center for Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina, Wilmington, 601 South College Road, Wilmington, NC 28403, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Saiz H, Le Bagousse-Pinguet Y, Gross N, Maestre FT. Intransitivity increases plant functional diversity by limiting dominance in drylands worldwide. THE JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2019; 107:240-252. [PMID: 30546158 PMCID: PMC6287709 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.13018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
1. Biotic interactions are key determinants of plant community structure. Indirect interactions such as intransitivity (i.e. in the absence of competitive hierarchies among species) have been hypothesized to benefit diversity within plant communities. However, their effect on functional diversity remains scarcely explored in real communities. Here we develop a novel approach to infer intransitivity from plant spatial patterns and functional traits (height and specific leaf area), and quantify its effect on different components of plant diversity along environmental gradients in 100 drylands from all continents except Antarctica. 2. We first calculated the spatial association pattern for all perennials to infer competition between species. Trait values were used as a proxy of competitive hierarchies to infer the direction of these interactions. We used multiple regression models to evaluate how intransitivity responds to environmental variables (mean annual temperature and precipitation, precipitation seasonality, soil pH, sand content and woody cover). We also used confirmatory path analysis to evaluate the effects of intransitivity on species richness and evenness, trait dispersion and functional diversity. 3. Intransitivity mostly responded to climatic variables, and significantly increased with precipitation scarcity and seasonality. We found that intransitivity had significant effects on functional diversity, mostly by promoting plant community evenness. However, the dominance of woody vegetation (steppes vs. shrublands) modulated this effect. SYNTHESIS Intransitivity increased the functional diversity of drylands, particularly under high rainfall seasonality, by limiting functionally dominant species. Our findings specify how intransitivity structures the functional diversity of dryland vegetation worldwide. Intransitivity may be particularly important in ecosystems where the availability of abiotic resources changes over time, thereby breaking down inherent competitive hierarchies between plant species. Neglecting intransitivity will bias our estimation of the impacts of biotic interactions on plant communities, a fundamental issue to fully understand how plant communities will respond to ongoing environmental changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Saiz
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/ Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Spain
| | - Yoann Le Bagousse-Pinguet
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/ Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Spain
| | - Nicolas Gross
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/ Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Spain
- INRA, USC1339 Chizé (CEBC), F-79360, Villiers en Bois, France
- Centre d'étude biologique de Chizé, CNRS - Université La Rochelle (UMR 7372), F-79360, Villiers en Bois, France
| | - Fernando T Maestre
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/ Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Schibalski A, Körner K, Maier M, Jeltsch F, Schröder B. Novel model coupling approach for resilience analysis of coastal plant communities. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2018; 28:1640-1654. [PMID: 29862603 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Resilience is a major research focus covering a wide range of topics from biodiversity conservation to ecosystem (service) management. Model simulations can assess the resilience of, for example, plant species, measured as the return time to conditions prior to a disturbance. This requires process-based models (PBM) that implement relevant processes such as regeneration and reproduction and thus successfully reproduce transient dynamics after disturbances. Such models are often complex and thus limited to either short-term or small-scale applications, whereas many research questions require species predictions across larger spatial and temporal scales. We suggest a framework to couple a PBM and a statistical species distribution model (SDM), which transfers the results of a resilience analysis by the PBM to SDM predictions. The resulting hybrid model combines the advantages of both approaches: the convenient applicability of SDMs and the relevant process detail of PBMs in abrupt environmental change situations. First, we simulate dynamic responses of species communities to a disturbance event with a PBM. We aggregate the response behavior in two resilience metrics: return time and amplitude of the response peak. These metrics are then used to complement long-term SDM projections with dynamic short-term responses to disturbance. To illustrate our framework, we investigate the effect of abrupt short-term groundwater level and salinity changes on coastal vegetation at the German Baltic Sea. We found two example species to be largely resilient, and, consequently, modifications of SDM predictions consisted mostly of smoothing out peaks in the occurrence probability that were not confirmed by the PBM. Discrepancies between SDM- and PBM-predicted species responses were caused by community dynamics simulated in the PBM and absent from the SDM. Although demonstrated with boosted regression trees (SDM) and an existing individual-based model, IBC-grass (PBM), our flexible framework can easily be applied to other PBM and SDM types, as well as other definitions of short-term disturbances or long-term trends of environmental change. Thus, our framework allows accounting for biological feedbacks in the response to short- and long-term environmental changes as a major advancement in predictive vegetation modeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anett Schibalski
- Landscape Ecology and Environmental Systems Analysis, Institute of Geoecology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Langer Kamp 19c, D-38106, Braunschweig, Germany
- Institute of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Katrin Körner
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, University of Potsdam, Am Mühlenberg 3, D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Martin Maier
- Landscape Ecology Group, University of Oldenburg, D-26111, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Florian Jeltsch
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, University of Potsdam, Am Mühlenberg 3, D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research BBIB, Altensteinstrasse 6, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Boris Schröder
- Landscape Ecology and Environmental Systems Analysis, Institute of Geoecology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Langer Kamp 19c, D-38106, Braunschweig, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research BBIB, Altensteinstrasse 6, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Goberna M, Verdú M. Phylogenetic-scale disparities in the soil microbial diversity-ecosystem functioning relationship. ISME JOURNAL 2018; 12:2152-2162. [PMID: 29880911 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-018-0162-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The historical conditions under which bacterial lineages evolve determine their functional traits, and consequently their contribution to ecosystem functions (EFs). Under significant trait conservatism, which is common in prokaryotes, phylogeny may track the evolutionary history of species and predict their functionality. Productive communities can arise from: (i) the coexistence of functional, and therefore phylogenetically distant lineages, producing high EF rates at large phylogenetic diversity (PD); (ii) the dominance of productive lineages that outcompete other clades, generating high EF at low PD. Community composition will modulate the PD-EF relationship: The effects of anciently divergent lineages, whose deeply conserved functions determine the occupancy of major niches, may differ from that of recently divergent lineages showing adaptations to current conditions. We hypothesized that, in our model Mediterranean ecosystem, EF can be explained both by competitive superiority of ancient lineages and functional complementarity of recent lineages. To test this hypothesis, we sequenced a phylogenetic marker targeting bacteria across 28 soil plots and quantified EF related to microbial productivity, decomposition and nutrient cycling. Plots accumulating recently divergent lineages consistently showed higher EF levels that were slightly modified by the accumulation of ancient lineages. We discuss the assembly processes behind these phylogenetic-scale disparities and the final outcome in terms of ecosystem functioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Goberna
- Centro de Investigaciones Sobre Desertificación (CIDE; CSIC-UV-GV), Carretera Moncada-Náquera km. 4.5, Valencia, E-46113, Spain
| | - Miguel Verdú
- Centro de Investigaciones Sobre Desertificación (CIDE; CSIC-UV-GV), Carretera Moncada-Náquera km. 4.5, Valencia, E-46113, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Saito VS, Laroche F, Siqueira T, Pavoine S. Ecological versatility and the assembly of multiple competitors: cautionary notes for assembly inferences. Ecology 2018; 99:1173-1183. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victor S. Saito
- Departamento de Ciências Ambientais ‐ DCAm and Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Universidade Federal de São Carlos Rodovia Washington Luis, km 235 13565‐905 São Carlos São Paulo Brazil
- Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation (CESCO UMR7204) Sorbonne Universités MNHN, CNRS, UPMC, CP51 43‐61 rue Buffon Paris 75005 France
| | | | - Tadeu Siqueira
- Departamento de Ecologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Av. 24‐A, 1515, 13506‐900 Rio Claro São Paulo Brazil
| | - Sandrine Pavoine
- Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation (CESCO UMR7204) Sorbonne Universités MNHN, CNRS, UPMC, CP51 43‐61 rue Buffon Paris 75005 France
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Gallien L, Zurell D, Zimmermann NE. Frequency and intensity of facilitation reveal opposing patterns along a stress gradient. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:2171-2181. [PMID: 29468034 PMCID: PMC5817155 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Disentangling the different processes structuring ecological communities is a long-standing challenge. In species-rich ecosystems, most emphasis has so far been given to environmental filtering and competition processes, while facilitative interactions between species remain insufficiently studied. Here, we propose an analysis framework that not only allows for identifying pairs of facilitating and facilitated species, but also estimates the strength of facilitation and its variation along environmental gradients. Our framework combines the analysis of both co-occurrence and co-abundance patterns using a moving window approach along environmental gradients to control for potentially confounding effects of environmental filtering in the co-abundance analysis. We first validate our new approach against community assembly simulations, and exemplify its potential on a large 1,134 plant community plots dataset. Our results generally show that facilitation intensity was strongest under cold stress, whereas the proportion of facilitating and facilitated species was higher under drought stress. Moreover, the functional distance between individual facilitated species and their facilitating species significantly changed along the temperature-moisture gradient, and seemed to influence facilitation intensity, although no general positive or general negative trend was discernible among species. The main advantages of our robust framework are as follows: It enables detecting facilitating and facilitated species in species-rich systems, and it allows identifying the directionality and intensity of facilitation in species pairs as well as its variation across long environmental gradients. It thus opens numerous opportunities for incorporating functional (and phylogenetic) information in the analysis of facilitation patterns. Our case study indicated high complexity in facilitative interactions across the stress gradient and revealed new evidence that facilitation, similarly to competition, can operate between functionally similar and dissimilar species. Extending the analyses to other taxa and ecosystems will foster our understanding how complex interspecific interactions promote biodiversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laure Gallien
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
- Centre for Invasion BiologyDepartment of Botany and ZoologyStellenbosch UniversityMatielandSouth Africa
| | - Damaris Zurell
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hortal S, Lozano YM, Bastida F, Armas C, Moreno JL, Garcia C, Pugnaire FI. Plant-plant competition outcomes are modulated by plant effects on the soil bacterial community. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17756. [PMID: 29259319 PMCID: PMC5736699 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18103-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Competition is a key process that determines plant community structure and dynamics, often mediated by nutrients and water availability. However, the role of soil microorganisms on plant competition, and the links between above- and belowground processes, are not well understood. Here we show that the effects of interspecific plant competition on plant performance are mediated by feedbacks between plants and soil bacterial communities. Each plant species selects a singular community of soil microorganisms in its rhizosphere with a specific species composition, abundance and activity. When two plant species interact, the resulting soil bacterial community matches that of the most competitive plant species, suggesting strong competitive interactions between soil bacterial communities as well. We propose a novel mechanism by which changes in belowground bacterial communities promoted by the most competitive plant species influence plant performance and competition outcome. These findings emphasise the strong links between plant and soil communities, paving the way to a better understanding of plant community dynamics and the effects of soil bacterial communities on ecosystem functioning and services.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Hortal
- Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEZA-CSIC), Carretera de Sacramento s/n, E-04120, La Cañada de San Urbano, Almería, Spain. .,Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
| | - Y M Lozano
- Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEZA-CSIC), Carretera de Sacramento s/n, E-04120, La Cañada de San Urbano, Almería, Spain.,Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Biologie, Plant Ecology, D-14195, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - F Bastida
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo, P.O. Box 164, E-30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - C Armas
- Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEZA-CSIC), Carretera de Sacramento s/n, E-04120, La Cañada de San Urbano, Almería, Spain
| | - J L Moreno
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo, P.O. Box 164, E-30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - C Garcia
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo, P.O. Box 164, E-30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - F I Pugnaire
- Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEZA-CSIC), Carretera de Sacramento s/n, E-04120, La Cañada de San Urbano, Almería, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Gallien L, Zimmermann NE, Levine JM, Adler PB. The effects of intransitive competition on coexistence. Ecol Lett 2017; 20:791-800. [PMID: 28547799 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Coexistence theory has been developed with an almost exclusive focus on interactions between two species, often ignoring more complex and indirect interactions, such as intransitive loops, that can emerge in competition networks. In fact, intransitive competition has typically been studied in isolation from other pairwise stabilising processes, and thus little is known about how intransitivity interacts with more traditional drivers of species coexistence such as niche partitioning. To integrate intransitivity into traditional coexistence theory, we developed a metric of growth rate when rare, Δri¯, to identify and quantify the impact of intransitive competition against a backdrop of pairwise stabilising niche differences. Using this index with simulations of community dynamics, we demonstrate that intransitive loops can both stabilise or destabilise species coexistence, but the strength and importance of intransitive interactions are significantly affected by the length and the topology of these loops. We conclude by showing how Δri¯ can be used to evaluate effects of intransitivity in empirical studies. Our results emphasise the need to integrate complex mechanisms emerging from diverse interactions into our understanding of species coexistence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laure Gallien
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland.,Deparment of Botany & Zoology, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | | | - Jonathan M Levine
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Peter B Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Diversity begets diversity in competition for space. Nat Ecol Evol 2017; 1:156. [DOI: 10.1038/s41559-017-0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|