1
|
Ruiss M, Findl O, Kronschläger M. The human lens: An antioxidant-dependent tissue revealed by the role of caffeine. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 79:101664. [PMID: 35690384 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Cataract is the leading cause of blindness worldwide and surgery is the only option to treat the disease. Although the surgery is considered to be relatively safe, complications may occur in a subset of patients and access to ophthalmic care may be limited. Due to a growing and ageing population, an increase in cataract prevalence is expected and its management will become a socioeconomic challenge. Hence, there is a need for an alternative to cataract surgery. It is well known that oxidative stress is one of the main pathological processes leading to the generation of the disease. Antioxidant supplementation may, therefore, be a strategy to delay or to prevent the progression of cataract. Caffeine is a widely consumed high-potency antioxidant and may be of interest for the prevention of the disease. This review aims to give an overview of the anatomy and function of the lens, its antioxidant and reactive oxygen species (ROS) composition, and the role of oxidative stress in cataractogenesis. Also, the pharmacokinetics and -dynamics of caffeine will be described and the literature will be reviewed to give an overview of its anti-cataract potential and its possible role in the prevention of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Ruiss
- Vienna Institute for Research in Ocular Surgery (VIROS), a Karl Landsteiner Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna 1140 Austria.
| | - Oliver Findl
- Vienna Institute for Research in Ocular Surgery (VIROS), a Karl Landsteiner Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna 1140 Austria.
| | - Martin Kronschläger
- Vienna Institute for Research in Ocular Surgery (VIROS), a Karl Landsteiner Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna 1140 Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Franzen L, Cabugao A, Grohmann B, Elalouf K, Johnson AP. Individual pupil size changes as a robust indicator of cognitive familiarity differences. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262753. [PMID: 35061832 PMCID: PMC8782349 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive psychology has a long history of using physiological measures, such as pupillometry. However, their susceptibility to confounds introduced by stimulus properties, such as color and luminance, has limited their application. Pupil size measurements, in particular, require sophisticated experimental designs to dissociate relatively small changes in pupil diameter due to cognitive responses from larger ones elicited by changes in stimulus properties or the experimental environment. Here, building on previous research, we present a pupillometry paradigm that adapts the pupil to stimulus properties during the baseline period without revealing stimulus meaning or context by using a pixel-scrambled image mask around an intact image. We demonstrate its robustness in the context of pupillary responses to branded product familiarity. Results show larger average and peak pupil dilation for passively viewed familiar product images and an extended later temporal component representing differences in familiarity across participants (starting around 1400 ms post-stimulus onset). These amplitude differences are present for almost all participants at the single-participant level, and vary somewhat by product category. However, amplitude differences were absent during the baseline period. These findings demonstrate that involuntary pupil size measurements combined with the presented paradigm are successful in dissociating cognitive effects of familiarity from physical stimulus confounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Léon Franzen
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Marketing, John Molson School of Business, Concordia University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Amanda Cabugao
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bianca Grohmann
- Department of Marketing, John Molson School of Business, Concordia University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Karine Elalouf
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Aaron P. Johnson
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Vision Health Research Network, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bhowmik S, Arjunan SP, Sarossy M, Radcliffe P, Kumar DK. Pupillometric recordings to detect glaucoma. Physiol Meas 2021; 42. [PMID: 33740779 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/abf05c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective. Glaucoma is the second cause of vision loss with early diagnosis having significantly better prognosis. We propose the use of hippus, the steady-state pupil oscillations, obtained from an eye-tracker for computerised detection of glaucoma.Approach. Pupillary data were recorded using a commercial eye-tracker device directly to the laptop. A total of 40 glaucoma patients and 30 age-matched controls were recruited for the study. The signals were de-noised, and the entropy of the steady-state oscillations was obtained for two light intensities, 34 and 100 cd m-2.Main results. The results show that at 100 cd m-2, there was significant difference (p < 0.05) between the sample entropy of the healthy eyes (0.55 ± 0.017) and glaucoma eyes (0.7 ± 0.034). The results at 34 cd m-2were also significantly different, though to a lesser extent.Significance. Entropy of the pupillary oscillations, or hippus, obtained using an eye-tracking device showed a significant difference between glaucoma and healthy eyes. The method used commercially available inexpensive hardware and thus has the potential for wide-scale deployment for computerized detection of glaucoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susmit Bhowmik
- RMIT University, School of Engineering, Melbourne, 3000, Australia
| | | | - Marc Sarossy
- RMIT University, School of Engineering, Melbourne, 3000, Australia
| | | | - Dinesh K Kumar
- RMIT University, School of Engineering, Melbourne, 3000, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pinheiro HM, da Costa RM. Pupillary light reflex as a diagnostic aid from computational viewpoint: A systematic literature review. J Biomed Inform 2021; 117:103757. [PMID: 33826949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2021.103757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a detailed and complete review of publications on pupillary light reflex (PLR) used to aid diagnoses. These are computational techniques used in the evaluation of pupillometry, as well as their application in computer-aided diagnoses (CAD) of pathologies or physiological conditions that can be studied by observing the movements of miosis and mydriasis of the human pupil. A careful survey was carried out of all studies published over the last 10 years which investigated, electronic devices, recording protocols, image treatment, computational algorithms and the pathologies related to PLR. We present the frontier of existing knowledge regarding methods and techniques used in this field of knowledge, which has been expanding due to the possibility of performing diagnoses with high precision, at a low cost and with a non-invasive method.
Collapse
|
5
|
Montés-Micó R, Cerviño A, Martínez-Albert N, García-Marqués JV, Marie S. Performance of a new device for the clinical determination of light discomfort. Expert Rev Med Devices 2020; 17:1221-1230. [PMID: 33054420 DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2020.1837623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the performance of a new device for the clinical determination of light discomfort on a large sample of healthy human subjects. METHODS A total of 489 subjects ranging from 20 to 70 years old (241 men, 248 women) were evaluated with the LUMIZ™ 100 to determine light discomfort. Repeatability was assessed by means of within-subject standard deviation, coefficient of variation (CoV), and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Repeated measures ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, and correlation analysis were applied to test for differences between repeated measures, and effect of age on reliability. RESULTS Discomfort thresholds obtained are well distributed across the light intensity range available (25 to 10211 lux). Intrasession ICCs are higher than 0.849 for all thresholds, and 85% of CoV are below 10%. Thresholds obtained in the first set of measurements are highly correlated with the median of three sets (r2 > 0.8). Intersession, 64% of CoV are below 10%. Age does not affect discomfort thresholds (p = 0.30), nor affect reliability (variance on CoV, p = 0.368). CONCLUSIONS The new device provides good intrasession repeatability for the clinical determination of light discomfort thresholds, although variance is slightly greater between sessions. The system is useful for the clinical determination of light discomfort.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Montés-Micó
- Department of Optics and Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Valencia , Burjassot, Spain
| | - Alejandro Cerviño
- Department of Optics and Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Valencia , Burjassot, Spain
| | - Noelia Martínez-Albert
- Department of Optics and Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Valencia , Burjassot, Spain
| | - José V García-Marqués
- Department of Optics and Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Valencia , Burjassot, Spain
| | - Sarah Marie
- Light and Life Vision Sciences R&D, Essilor International , Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Uzun F, Aslan MG, Öter K, Kaim M. The acute effects of single cup of coffee on ocular biometric parameters in healthy subjects. J Curr Ophthalmol 2019; 31:394-398. [PMID: 31844789 PMCID: PMC6896472 DOI: 10.1016/j.joco.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate ocular biometric changes in healthy subjects after caffeine consumption from a cup of coffee. Methods A total of 36 subjects were included in this prospective observational study. Axial length (AL) and anterior segment parameters including aqueous depth (AD), anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT), and central corneal thickness (CCT) were measured with optic biometry, Lenstar LS 900 (Haag-Streit, Inc., Koeniz, Switzerland) before and 1 and 4 h after ingesting a cup of coffee (60 mg caffeine/100 mL). Results Mean age of the participants was 30.05 ± 7.43 years (range, 19–45). At baseline, 1st, and 4th hour, AL values were 23.9 ± 1.04 mm, 23.91 ± 1.04 mm, and 23.89 ± 1.04 mm, respectively, and no significant difference was observed (P>0.05). At baseline, 1st, and 4th hour, AD values were 3.06 ± 0.3 mm, 3.11 ± 0.3 mm, and 3.09 ± 0.3 mm, and ACD values were 3.6 ± 0.32, 3.66 ± 0.31, and 3.64 ± 0.31, respectively. AD and ACD values were significantly greater than baseline at 1st and 4th hours following coffee ingestion. Coffee intake caused a significant reduction in LT, compared with baseline and at the 1st and 4th hours which were 3.76 ± 0.28 mm, 3.69 ± 0.32 mm, and 3.72 ± 0.27 mm, respectively. No statistically significant difference was determined in between the 3 measurements in terms of CCT (P>0.05). Conclusion Caffeine causes a significant increase in AD and ACD and a significant decrease in LT following oral intake, for at least 4 h.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feyzahan Uzun
- Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Medical School, Department of Ophthalmology, Rize, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Gökhan Aslan
- Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Medical School, Department of Ophthalmology, Rize, Turkey
| | - Kamile Öter
- Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Medical School, Department of Ophthalmology, Rize, Turkey
| | - Muhammet Kaim
- Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Medical School, Department of Ophthalmology, Rize, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Piu P, Serchi V, Rosini F, Rufa A. A Cross-Recurrence Analysis of the Pupil Size Fluctuations in Steady Scotopic Conditions. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:407. [PMID: 31114474 PMCID: PMC6502958 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Pupil size fluctuations during stationary scotopic conditions may convey information about the cortical state activity at rest. An important link between neuronal network state modulation and pupil fluctuations is the cholinergic and noradrenergic neuromodulatory tone, which is active at cortical level and in the peripheral terminals of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). This work aimed at studying the low- and high-frequency coupled oscillators in the autonomic spectrum (0–0.45 Hz) which, reportedly, drive the spontaneous pupillary fluctuations. To assess the interaction between the oscillators, we focused on the patterns of their trajectories in the phase-space. Firstly, the frequency spectrum of the pupil signal was determined by empirical mode decomposition. Secondly, cross-recurrence quantification analysis was used to unfold the non-linear dynamics. The global and local patterns of recurrence of the trajectories were estimated by two parameters: determinism and entropy. An elliptic region in the entropy-determinism plane (95% prediction area) yielded health-related values of entropy and determinism. We hypothesize that the data points inside the ellipse would likely represent balanced activity in the ANS. Interestingly, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores scaled up along with the entropy and determinism parameters. Although other non-linear methods like Short Time Fourier Transform and wavelets are usually applied for analyzing the pupillary oscillations, they rely on strong assumptions like the stationarity of the signal or the a priori knowledge of the shape of the single basis wave. Instead, the cross-recurrence analysis of the non-linear dynamics of the pupil size oscillations is an adaptable diagnostic tool for identifying the different weight of the autonomic nervous system components in the modulation of pupil size changes at rest in non-luminance conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Piu
- Eye Tracking and Visual Application Lab, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Valeria Serchi
- Eye Tracking and Visual Application Lab, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesca Rosini
- Eye Tracking and Visual Application Lab, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Neurology and Neurometabolic Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Rufa
- Eye Tracking and Visual Application Lab, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Neurology and Neurometabolic Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kelbsch C, Strasser T, Chen Y, Feigl B, Gamlin PD, Kardon R, Peters T, Roecklein KA, Steinhauer SR, Szabadi E, Zele AJ, Wilhelm H, Wilhelm BJ. Standards in Pupillography. Front Neurol 2019; 10:129. [PMID: 30853933 PMCID: PMC6395400 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of research groups studying the pupil is increasing, as is the number of publications. Consequently, new standards in pupillography are needed to formalize the methodology including recording conditions, stimulus characteristics, as well as suitable parameters of evaluation. Since the description of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) there has been an increased interest and broader application of pupillography in ophthalmology as well as other fields including psychology and chronobiology. Color pupillography plays an important role not only in research but also in clinical observational and therapy studies like gene therapy of hereditary retinal degenerations and psychopathology. Stimuli can vary in size, brightness, duration, and wavelength. Stimulus paradigms determine whether rhodopsin-driven rod responses, opsin-driven cone responses, or melanopsin-driven ipRGC responses are primarily elicited. Background illumination, adaptation state, and instruction for the participants will furthermore influence the results. This standard recommends a minimum set of variables to be used for pupillography and specified in the publication methodologies. Initiated at the 32nd International Pupil Colloquium 2017 in Morges, Switzerland, the aim of this manuscript is to outline standards in pupillography based on current knowledge and experience of pupil experts in order to achieve greater comparability of pupillographic studies. Such standards will particularly facilitate the proper application of pupillography by researchers new to the field. First we describe general standards, followed by specific suggestions concerning the demands of different targets of pupil research: the afferent and efferent reflex arc, pharmacology, psychology, sleepiness-related research and animal studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carina Kelbsch
- Pupil Research Group, Centre for Ophthalmology, University Hospitals Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Torsten Strasser
- Pupil Research Group, Centre for Ophthalmology, University Hospitals Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yanjun Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, AL, United States
| | - Beatrix Feigl
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Eye Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Paul D. Gamlin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Randy Kardon
- Neuro-Ophthalmology Division, University of Iowa and Iowa City VA Healthcare System, Iowa City, LA, United States
| | - Tobias Peters
- Pupil Research Group, Centre for Ophthalmology, University Hospitals Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kathryn A. Roecklein
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Stuart R. Steinhauer
- VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, VISN 4 MIRECC, University Drive C, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Elemer Szabadi
- Developmental Psychiatry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Zele
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Helmut Wilhelm
- Pupil Research Group, Centre for Ophthalmology, University Hospitals Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Barbara J. Wilhelm
- Pupil Research Group, Centre for Ophthalmology, University Hospitals Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Caffeine, a popular psychostimulant that acts as an adenosine receptor antagonist, is the most widely used drug in history, consumed daily by people worldwide. Knowledge of the physiological and pathological effects of caffeine is crucial in improving public health because of its widespread use. We provide a summary of the current evidence on the effect of caffeine on the eye. Most of the research conducted to date is in relation to cataract and glaucoma, two of the most common eye diseases among the elderly.
Collapse
|
10
|
Evaluation of Pupil Fields Using a Newly Developed Head-mounted Perimeter in Healthy Subjects. J Glaucoma 2018; 27:807-815. [DOI: 10.1097/ijg.0000000000001015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
11
|
Winn MB, Wendt D, Koelewijn T, Kuchinsky SE. Best Practices and Advice for Using Pupillometry to Measure Listening Effort: An Introduction for Those Who Want to Get Started. Trends Hear 2018; 22:2331216518800869. [PMID: 30261825 PMCID: PMC6166306 DOI: 10.1177/2331216518800869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Within the field of hearing science, pupillometry is a widely used method for quantifying listening effort. Its use in research is growing exponentially, and many labs are (considering) applying pupillometry for the first time. Hence, there is a growing need for a methods paper on pupillometry covering topics spanning from experiment logistics and timing to data cleaning and what parameters to analyze. This article contains the basic information and considerations needed to plan, set up, and interpret a pupillometry experiment, as well as commentary about how to interpret the response. Included are practicalities like minimal system requirements for recording a pupil response and specifications for peripheral, equipment, experiment logistics and constraints, and different kinds of data processing. Additional details include participant inclusion and exclusion criteria and some methodological considerations that might not be necessary in other auditory experiments. We discuss what data should be recorded and how to monitor the data quality during recording in order to minimize artifacts. Data processing and analysis are considered as well. Finally, we share insights from the collective experience of the authors and discuss some of the challenges that still lie ahead.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B. Winn
- Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences,
University
of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Dorothea Wendt
- Eriksholm Research Centre, Snekkersten,
Denmark
- Hearing Systems, Department of
Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby,
Denmark
| | - Thomas Koelewijn
- Section Ear & Hearing, Department of
Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU
University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Stefanie E. Kuchinsky
- National Military Audiology and Speech
Pathology Center, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD,
USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Watson EJ, Coates AM, Banks S, Kohler M. Total dietary sugar consumption does not influence sleep or behaviour in Australian children. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2017; 69:503-512. [DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2017.1386628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily J. Watson
- Centre for Sleep Research, School of Psychology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Alison M. Coates
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Siobhan Banks
- Centre for Sleep Research, School of Psychology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Mark Kohler
- Centre for Sleep Research, School of Psychology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Martins TGDS, Costa ALFDA, Martins TGDS. Anisocoria after use of dermatological product. EINSTEIN-SAO PAULO 2017; 15:514-515. [PMID: 28954033 PMCID: PMC5875172 DOI: 10.1590/s1679-45082017ai4040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
14
|
Cortez MM, Rea NA, Hunter LA, Digre KB, Brennan KC. Altered pupillary light response scales with disease severity in migrainous photophobia. Cephalalgia 2017; 37:801-811. [PMID: 28387133 PMCID: PMC5495574 DOI: 10.1177/0333102416673205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Autonomic dysfunction and light sensitivity are core features of the migraine attack. Growing evidence also suggests changes in these parameters between attacks. Though sensory and autonomic responses likely interact, they have not been studied together across the spectrum of disease in migraine. Methods We performed digital infrared pupillometry while collecting interictal photophobia thresholds (PPT) in 36 migraineurs (14 episodic; 12 chronic; 10 probable) and 24 age and sex-matched non-headache controls. Quantitative pupillary light reflexes (PLR) were assessed in a subset of subjects, allowing distinction of sympathetic vs parasympathetic pupillary function. A structured questionnaire was used to ascertain migraine diagnosis, headache severity, and affective symptoms. Results Photophobia thresholds were significantly lower in migraineurs than controls, and were lowest in chronic migraine, consistent with a disease-related gradient. Lower PPT correlated with smaller dark-adapted pupil size and larger end pupil size at PPT, which corresponded to a reduced diameter change. On PLR testing, measures of both parasympathetic constriction and sympathetic re-dilation were reduced in migraineurs with clinically severe migraine. Conclusions In summary, we show that severity of photophobia in migraine scales with disease severity, in association with shifts in pupillary light responses. These alterations suggest centrally mediated autonomic adaptations to chronic light sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M Cortez
- University of Utah, Department of Neurology, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Natalie A Rea
- University of Utah, Department of Neurology, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Lindsay A Hunter
- University of Utah, Department of Neurology, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Kathleen B Digre
- University of Utah, Department of Neurology, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - K C Brennan
- University of Utah, Department of Neurology, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Peysakhovich V, Vachon F, Dehais F. The impact of luminance on tonic and phasic pupillary responses to sustained cognitive load. Int J Psychophysiol 2016; 112:40-45. [PMID: 27979740 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Pupillary reactions independent of light conditions have been linked to cognition for a long time. However, the light conditions can impact the cognitive pupillary reaction. Previous studies underlined the impact of luminance on pupillary reaction, but it is still unclear how luminance modulates the sustained and transient components of pupillary reaction - tonic pupil diameter and phasic pupil response. In the present study, we investigated the impact of the luminance on these two components under sustained cognitive load. Fourteen participants performed a novel working memory task combining mathematical computations with a classic n-back task. We studied both tonic pupil diameter and phasic pupil response under low (1-back) and high (2-back) working memory load and two luminance levels (gray and white). We found that the impact of working memory load on the tonic pupil diameter was modulated by the level of luminance, the increase in tonic pupil diameter with the load being larger under lower luminance. In contrast, the smaller phasic pupil response found under high load remained unaffected by luminance. These results showed that luminance impacts the cognitive pupillary reaction - tonic pupil diameter (phasic pupil response) being modulated under sustained (respectively, transient) cognitive load. These findings also support the relationship between the locus-coeruleus system, presumably functioning in two firing modes - tonic and phasic - and the pupil diameter. We suggest that the tonic pupil diameter tracks the tonic activity of the locus-coeruleus while phasic pupil response reflects its phasic activity. Besides, the designed novel cognitive paradigm allows the simultaneous manipulation of sustained and transient components of the cognitive load and is useful for dissociating the effects on the tonic pupil diameter and phasic pupil response.
Collapse
|
16
|
Effect of Single Administration of Coffee on Pupil Size and Ocular Wavefront Aberration Measurements in Healthy Subjects. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:9578308. [PMID: 27437402 PMCID: PMC4942592 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9578308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
No study has so far evaluated the impact of coffee drinking on ocular wavefront aberration (OWA) measurements. This study presents novel findings regarding the OWA of the eye following coffee intake. We aimed to evaluate the acute changes in pupil size and OWA of the eye after single administration of coffee. A total of 30 otherwise healthy participants were included in this prospective study. All subjects drank a cup of coffee containing 57 mg caffeine. Measurements of pupil size, total coma (TC), total trefoil (TF), total spherical aberration (TSA), and total higher order aberration (HOA) were performed before and at 5 minutes, at 30 minutes, and at 4 hours after coffee drinking using a wavefront aberrometer device (Irx3, Imagine Eyes, Orsay, France). The mean age of the study population was 20.30 ± 2.74 years. Pupil size did not show a significant change during the measurements (p > 0.05). A significant increase was observed in TF and HOA measurements following coffee intake (p = 0.029 and p = 0.009, resp.). Single administration of coffee results in significant increase in TF and total HOAs in healthy subjects without any effect on pupil diameter. Ultrastructural changes in the cornea following coffee intake might be of relevance to the alterations in ocular aberrations in healthy subjects.
Collapse
|
17
|
Snowden RJ, O'Farrell KR, Burley D, Erichsen JT, Newton NV, Gray NS. The pupil's response to affective pictures: Role of image duration, habituation, and viewing mode. Psychophysiology 2016; 53:1217-23. [PMID: 27172997 PMCID: PMC5031225 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The pupil has been shown to be sensitive to the emotional content of stimuli. We examined this phenomenon by comparing fearful and neutral images carefully matched in the domains of luminance, image contrast, image color, and complexity of content. The pupil was more dilated after viewing affective pictures, and this effect was (a) shown to be independent of the presentation time of the images (from 100–3,000 ms), (b) not diminished by repeated presentations of the images, and (c) not affected by actively naming the emotion of the stimuli in comparison to passive viewing. Our results show that the emotional modulation of the pupil is present over a range of variables that typically vary from study to study (image duration, number of trials, free viewing vs. task), and encourages the use of pupillometry as a measure of emotional processing in populations where alternative techniques may not be appropriate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel Burley
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wilhelm B, Bittner E, Hofmann A, Koerner A, Peters T, Lüdtke H, Wilhelm H. Short-term reproducibility and variability of the pupillographic sleepiness test. Am J Hum Biol 2015; 27:862-6. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Wilhelm
- Pupil Research Group, Centre for Ophthalmology, University Eye Hospital; Tuebingen Germany
| | - Evelyn Bittner
- Pupil Research Group, Centre for Ophthalmology, University Eye Hospital; Tuebingen Germany
| | - Anna Hofmann
- Pupil Research Group, Centre for Ophthalmology, University Eye Hospital; Tuebingen Germany
| | - Andreas Koerner
- Pupil Research Group, Centre for Ophthalmology, University Eye Hospital; Tuebingen Germany
| | - Tobias Peters
- Pupil Research Group, Centre for Ophthalmology, University Eye Hospital; Tuebingen Germany
| | - Holger Lüdtke
- Pupil Research Group, Centre for Ophthalmology, University Eye Hospital; Tuebingen Germany
| | - Helmut Wilhelm
- Pupil Research Group, Centre for Ophthalmology, University Eye Hospital; Tuebingen Germany
| |
Collapse
|