Anesthesia and potential aerosol generation during magnetic resonance imaging in children with COVID-19

Disability, Discrimination, and Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Stress Process Model

Drawing on data from a community survey with a sizeable subsample of people with physical, intellectual, and psychological disabilities in the Intermountain West region of the United States (N = 2,043), this investigation examined the association of social stressors stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic with ableism or disability-related discrimination. We further assessed the significance of these associations for variation by disability status in psychological well-being with a moderated mediation analysis. Study findings provide clear evidence that greater pandemic-related stressor exposure was associated with greater discrimination, which in turn increased the psychologically distressing aspects of the pandemic for people with disabilities relative to people without disabilities. This set of findings challenges us to think about how we engage in research concerning ableism and the proliferation of macro-level stressors such as those associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings also support the application of a minority stress model in addressing mental health contingencies among people with disabilities-in this case, in examining the pandemic's psychological impact.

Changes in paediatric dental clinic after reopening during COVID-19 pandemic in Wuhan: a retrospective study

OBJECTIVES

Affected by COVID-19 pandemic, The Department of Paediatric Dentistry of School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University was closed in late January 2020, and resumed on 20 April. Our study aimed to explore the effects of COVID-19 pandemic on paediatric dental services which might assist global paediatric dentists to build confidence and make appropriate policies under the pandemic.

DESIGN

A retrospective study was performed. Medical records of patients were retrieved but without any private information, including patient name, ID number and address.

PARTICIPANTS

All data of the patients from 20 April to 31 July in 2020 and 2019 were extracted and analysed including demographics, dental diagnosis and treatment methods. A total of 18 198 patients were included in the study.

RESULTS

During this period, no medical staff or patient was infected with COVID-19 due to dental services. A total of 6485 in 2020 but 11 713 during the same period in 2019 visited the department. Compared with 2019, gender distribution did not change, but age distribution changed with an increase under 6-year-old. The diagnoses including caries, retained primary teeth, malocclusion, deep pits and fissures changed significantly, while pulpitis, apical periodontitis, tooth trauma, early loss of primary teeth, supernumerary teeth showed little change. Aerosol generating procedures were adopted less frequently overall in this period.

CONCLUSIONS

The reopening of paediatric dental services is proceeding steadily with significant changes in the characteristics of the patients and treatment procedures.

Should I irradiate with computed tomography or sedate for magnetic resonance imaging?

In the context of pediatric cross-sectional imaging, the risk of ionizing radiation for CT and the potential adverse effects associated with sedation/anesthesia for MRI continue to provoke lively discussions in the pediatric literature and lay press. This is particularly true for issues relating to the risks of ionizing radiation for CT, which has been a topic of discussion for nearly two decades. In addition to understanding these potential risks and the importance of minimizing individual pediatric patient exposure to ionizing radiation, it is equally important for radiologists to be able to frame these risks with respect to the potential for adverse outcomes associated with the use of anesthesia for cross-sectional imaging in the pediatric population. Notably, before such risks can be estimated and compared, one should always consider the potential utility of each imaging modality for a given diagnosis. If one cross-sectional imaging modality is likely to be far superior to the other for a specific clinical question, every effort must be made to safely image the child, even if sedation/anesthesia is required.

Global research trends in COVID-19 with MRI and PET/CT: a scoping review with bibliometric and network analyses

Objective

To identify and evaluate the indexed studies that allow us to understand the implications of imaging studies in MRI and PET/CT related to COVID-19 research.

Methods

Scoping review. Articles in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (WoS) were scanned from 2019 to 2021 with COVID-19, MRI, and PET-CT as keywords. EndNote software and manual checking removed the duplicated references. Our assessment includes citation, bibliometric, keyword network, and statistical analyses using descriptive statistics and correlations. Highlighted variables were publication year, country, journals, and authorship.

Results

Only 326 papers were included. The most cited article reached 669 cites; this number represented 21.71% of 3081 citations. The top-15 cited authors received 1787 citations, which represented 58% of the total cites. These authors had affiliations from ten countries (Belgium, China, France, Italy, Japan, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom (UK), and the USA). The top-30 journals were cited 2762 times, representing 89.65% of the total cites. Only five journals were cited more than 100 times; Int J Infect Dis had the most significant number of citations (674). Some of the unexpected keywords were encephalitis, stroke, microbleeds, myocarditis.

Conclusion

COVID-19 pandemic is still spreading worldwide, and the knowledge about its different facets continues advancing. MRI and PET/CT are being used in more than 50% of the selected studies; research trends span seven categories, no only the diagnostic but others like socio-economic impact and pathogenesis Developed countries had an advantage by having hospitals with more resources, including MRI and PET/CT facilities in the same institution to supplement basic assessment in patients with COVID-19.

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40336-021-00460-x.

Coronavirus disease 2019 and pediatric anesthesia

PURPOSE OF REVIEW

The purpose of this review is to provide the latest evidence for delivering safe and effective anesthesia care for pediatric patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and to highlight continuing gaps in the literature.

RECENT FINDINGS

Safe and efficient care of pediatric patients with COVID-19 can be delivered with the proper planning, coordination, supplies, and staff preparation. From the start of the pandemic, pediatric anesthesiologists from around the world contributed important insights and shared experience as to how best to adapt anesthesia care for children with COVID-19 requiring general anesthesia and sedation. Although initial efforts focused on creating safe airway management processes, the role of anesthesiologists as perioperative leaders quickly extended to ensuring well-coordinated management of COVID-19 patients throughout the hospital for procedures, including preprocedure testing, patient transport, operating room setup, and ensuring the safety of staff. Several important areas remain not well studied including, the timing of rescheduling elective procedures following COVID-19 infection, the perioperative implications of re-infection, and future considerations of managing vaccinated children.

SUMMARY

Pediatric anesthesia care can be safely delivered to children with COVID-19 and after COVID-19 infection. More attention needs to be focused on the perioperative management of COVID-19 children in recovery requiring anesthesia.